I found Bob’s Arctic Ocean Heat Content graph quite interesting as it may explain why we are seeing a recovery in sea ice for the last two years. It also reminds me a lot of the graph seen of the Barents Sea water temperature plotted against the AMO which WUWT recently covered here.
Update of NODC (Levitus et al 2009) OHC Data Through June 2009
Guest post by Bob Tisdale
INTRODUCTION
On October 1, KNMI updated the NODC Ocean Heat Content (Levitus et al 2009) data that’s available on Climate Explorer.
http://climexp.knmi.nl/selectfield_obs.cgi?someone@somewhere
These updates are not shown on the NODC’s Global Ocean Heat Content webpage:
http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/index.html
The updates also aren’t shown in the table of Global Analyzed Fields (ASCII files):
http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/OC5/3M_HEAT/heatdata.pl?time_type=yearly700
But the single 22.4 MB dataset at the top of the table does contain the January through March and the April through June data, which were updated (added) on September 14, 2009:
GLOBAL, HEMISPERIC, AND OCEAN BASIN GRAPHS
Global OHC has dropped back to its 2003 levels.
http://i34.tinypic.com/dev5ld.png
Global OHC
North Atlantic OHC is continuing to decline from its 2004 peak.
http://i36.tinypic.com/ddkeas.png
North Atlantic OHC
The recent drop in the South Atlantic OHC was sizeable, but not outside of the range of its normal variability.
http://i36.tinypic.com/2m5fais.png
South Atlantic OHC
And of the remaining OHC datasets, the only two that showed increases over the past six months are the South Pacific and Southern Ocean OHC
http://i35.tinypic.com/1ys415.png
South Pacific
############
http://i38.tinypic.com/34f19p2.png
Southern Ocean
Here are the remaining OHC subsets without commentary.
http://i38.tinypic.com/j79h1i.png
Northern Hemisphere
############
http://i35.tinypic.com/cqr13.png
Southern Hemisphere
############
http://i37.tinypic.com/2wlxz09.png
North Pacific
############
http://i38.tinypic.com/6e0oax.png
Indian Ocean
############
http://i38.tinypic.com/9u417d.png
Arctic Ocean
CLOSING
Two earlier posts illustrated the impacts of natural variables on OHC. These included the ENSO-induced step changes in the OHC of numerous oceans and the effects of the NAO on high-latitude North Atlantic OHC:
1. ENSO Dominates NODC Ocean Heat Content (0-700 Meters) Data
2. North Atlantic Ocean Heat Content (0-700 Meters) Is Governed By Natural Variables
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KBK: You asked, “Is there any reasonable theory covering the North Atlantic increase in that period compared to the other sectors? Has there been a change in the circulation?”
The Atlantic Multidecal Oscillation is known to impact SST, but I haven’t seen it mentioned in a discussion of the OHC of the North Atlantic. I guess we’ll find out its impact on OHC over the next couple of decades. In addition, in the second post linked in the closing of this post are discussions of the impacts of ENSO and the NAO on the North Atlantic OHC.
http://bobtisdale.blogspot.com/2009/10/north-atlantic-ocean-heat-content-0-700.html
Stephen Wilde (07:11:00) :
From 2003 to date the oceans turned negative again so energy release fell and we saw another upward step change in ocean heat content because solar input was still high in historical times but as we now know destined for a fall.
FWIW the sunspot count dropped below 40 at the start of 2004. I think there is a splicing problem between ARGO and the prior data, but who knows, maybe there was a big cloud anomaly in 2003. It wasn’t picked up by the Earthshine project though. Syd Levitus has a history of playing fast and loose with data too…
Your analysis which takes account of the 60 year ocean cycles as well as the solar cycles is plausible. Much more of interest than the dismissive oversimplification coming from elsewhere. None of this stuff is happening in isolation. We cannot expect neat correlations between two variables. It’s a lot more complex than that.
Temperature change due to solar variability over the cycle is also much greater than a facile simplistic perusal of the data reveals.
Well, Leif, please ‘splain to me your take on this post Anthony put up:
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/09/29/nasa-cosmic-rays-up-19-since-last-peak-new-record-high/
According to this post they have used Be10 to determine that cosmic Rays were as much as 200% higher than present.
Ok I’m having great problems with the oceans controlling temperature.
There are people saying that the oceans heat content is increasing at especially at 700m. At this sort of depth the temperatures are coler than the air temperatures.
To reach 700m sw sunlight will have to travel through 700m of water which will all absorb some of the UV and warm.
At 700m the water temperature is 12C approx and 4C below 900m and 22C surface. (presumably tropical seas?)
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/temp.html&edu=high
If the 700m water is going to warm the air then it must increase the surface temperature of water to greater than the air temp. You cannot transfer heat from cold to hot
I.E. if the 700m water gets heated to 13C the surface temp is 23C assuming thermal link. If 23C is cooler than the air temp then heat will still be flowing from air to water. This is likely the case during the day so there is a possibility of transfer from air to ocean at night perhaps?
The other possibility is for the cool waters with the additional heat content to get transported to cooler latitudes via the THC.
In both these cases the effect of heat content lowering in the oceans should be measurable at the ocean surface or at the turnover point of the THC by an increase in surface temperature.
But of course the THC takes centuries to transit from warm to cool waters so temperature increases we are seeing now are due to events occuring before industrialisation.
Stephen Wilde (10:06:09) : says
… makes no difference to the fact that the oceans create variations in energy flow to the air which causes climate variability.
But i can see no way that energy stored at low temperature can transfer to the air at a higher temp in any sort of controlled manner.
Explanations on a post card please.
Bill Illis: You asked, “Can we see the chart without the big jump from 2002 to 2003 (adjust it out).”
Here ya are. I lopped off 0.1 GJ/m^2 from April 2003 to present.
http://i38.tinypic.com/wrjnfc.png
Keep in mind, though, that as shown previously, there was a significant rise in SST a year and a half before the rise in OHC:
http://i36.tinypic.com/o70r9w.jpg
Kum Dollison (13:10:13) :
Well, Leif, please ’splain to me your take on this post
First, read the comments to that post. No need for me to repeat them all here.
For a perspective, perhaps read http://www.leif.org/EOS/muscheler07qsr.pdf
From their conclusion: “The tree-ring 14 C record and 10Be from
Antarctica indicate that recent solar activity is high but not exceptional with respect to the last 1000 yr.”
or this one: http://www.leif.research/EOS/2009GL038004.pdf
“Recent 10Be values are low; however, they do not indicate unusually high recent solar activity compared to the last 600 years.
Nor do they indicate unusually low solar activity. For the cosmic ray record over the last 50+ years, the Thule station is a good marker, [since Thule at its high latitude have less factors disturbing the record]: http://www.leif.org/research/thule-cosmic-rays.png or here [if you don’t trust my plot] http://www.leif.org/research/Bartol-Thule-Cosmic-Rays.png
The quote from the link does not accurately describe the facts, namely that the MODULATION [which is only ~10%] of cosmic rays has varied that much in the past.
John Peter: You wrote, “Not enough is being done to highlight this major deficiency in the underlying HAD/CRU time series ‘justifying’ the AGW proposition.”
But the NCDC and GISS also have global land and ocean temperature anomaly datasets so the underlying problem is not HadCRUT. The problem is the manufactured correlation of anthropogenic forcings and global temperature anomaly. The global temperature anomaly curve can be reproduced with natural variables. If I can do it, the powers that be can’t be trying too hard:
http://bobtisdale.blogspot.com/2009/01/reproducing-global-temperature.html
tallbloke (2:33:17)
I meant to type ‘historical terms’ rather than ‘historical times’ which has caused some confusion especially to Leif.
I take Leif’s instruction on solar issues seriously but remain puzzled by the contradiction between his clearly correct comments on the smallness of solar variation over time and the contradictory but equally clearly correct historical correlation between solar activity and climate changes.
As I did say elsewhere, but perhaps it was missed, it may just be that by coincidence the solar cycle troughed at around the same time as my proposed 500/1000 year oceanic cycle troughed at around 1600 AD.
I’ve previously said that solar and oceanic influences can either supplement or offset each other so it is possible that at other times than around 1600 AD there could have been occasions when solar influences were high from an active sun but the climate was nevertheless cool due to negative oceans.
I am now reasonably sure that solar influences are weak except on long timescales and that oceanic variability is strong on shorter timescales but I remain open minded on the precise timescale at which solar influences become significant.
My doubts on the issue arise because it is quite easy to describe relatively short term multidecadal climate changes or changes in ocean heat content by juggling the solar and oceanic contributions (I have done that in my responses to Bob Tisdale) but from what Leif says that should not be possible.
It may be that there are amplification factors such as the hypotheses by Svensmark and others but whatever the reality my proposed general climate description remains unaffected. I’d like to know the answer though.
bill (13:42:40) :
“Ok I’m having great problems with the oceans controlling temperature.”
Maybe this will help:
Bob Tisdale: I can see that part adjusted out making the graph look more in line with temperature trends before 2008, and I can see where the adjustment would be needed to take in the fact of the ARGO data taking more accurate measurements which then shows OHC could’ve been higher than what the older measurements were getting.
El Nino is removing OHC, the South Pacific OHC showing the El Nino, like I said if current downtrends in the other regions continue after El Nino disappears we could see enough of a drop to make the trend not seem near as significant as we see South Pacific OHC drop as the ENSO region cools.
There’s still the Southern Ocean OHC but apparently the swings mean what goes down must come back up to an extent, but here we see it going up and basing it on the up and down movement what goes up will probably have to come back down.
bill: You wrote, “Ok I’m having great problems with the oceans controlling temperature.”
Normally, that discussion pertains to Sea Surface Temperature (not Ocean Heat Content) and oceanic processes like El Nino and La Nina events and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
innocentious (11:35:45)
You have hit on the points that confused me some years ago.
However I had by then already noted the latitudinal shift in the air circulation systems that always follows changes in sea surface temperatures.
I considered the possible reasons why the air circulation systems might shift latitudinally in response to sea surface temperature changes and decided that it must be something to do with the net global energy balance.
I had previously noted the shift poleward shortly after the global temperatures started to rise in the late 1970s and was surprised that in 1988 Hansen and others announced that the whole thing was anthropogenic. I went along with that until about 2000 because I’m just an amateur and what would I know ?
Anyway around 2000 I noted the systems shifting back equatorward again (apparently before anyone else noticed) and that created a dissonance in my mind which caused me to doubt the professional diagnosis.
About two years ago it became clear to me if not to others that something was seriously awry in contemporary climatology because no one was linking the return equatorward of the air circulation systems to anything happening in the climate as a result of natural variability. As it happened that coincided with a cessation of the apparent warming trend so I was pretty sure that I had spotted something significant.
I noticed that the drift of the systems back equatorward was being ignored and the earlier poleward drift was being attributed to irreversible human influences.
So, there was a clear and obvious discrepancy between real world events and generally accepted climate theory.
Hence my entry onto the scene as a climate theorist.
I think I now have a grip on the overall scenario by creating a conceptual overview based on observations and basic physical principles.
There are two fundamental isues which remain unresolved:
1) the extent to which external forcings affect the system (mainly solar variation). I have explained previously why I think internal oceanic forcings could account for all observed climate changes in any event so I am not unduly concerned about that aspect and the current weak solar cycle should resolve the issue for us.
2) the question whether changes in the composition of the air alone are capable of changing an equilbrium temperature initially set by the sun/sea interaction.
I aver that because the air temperatures always move towards sea surface temperatures and because the effect of increased evaporation and a faster hydrological cycle always offsets the warming effect of any increased downwelling infra red radiation created by more greenhouse gases then more CO2 in the system cannot alter the equilibrium temperature set by sun and oceans. AGW theory relies on such additional downwelling IR raising the ocean temperature but I have not found corroboration of that assertion anywhere other than in sources influenced by James Hansen who started the whole AGW scare back in 1988.
If it can be shown that extra downwelling infra red radiation from human sources can affect ocean temperatures on a timescale meaningful to humanity (say less than 500 years) then I would accept that as evidence in favour of AGW theory.
However the fact is that currently the air circulation systems have moved back equatorward from the positions adopted during the recent late 20th century warming spell despite increased CO2 in the air and temperatures are no longer rising so at present AGW theory is distinctly shaky.
Furthermore our most recent and most advanced sensors show that ocean heat content is currently falling rather than rising whereas according to AGW theory the increased CO2 in the air should have caused increasing ocean heat content.
I hope that assists you.
Joe Romm at Climate Progress has a post up this morning on ocean heat content supposedly proving that warming is continuing . He makes a big argument based on this figure
Your plot showing global OHC falling below 2003 levels really blows him away.
Leif Svalgaard,
the sun does not even get close to varying as much as 1%… am I correct?
Less than that: 0.1%
date the highest fluctuation up has been .6 degrees , again based on possibly flawed input stations? which for 14 degrees average that would be a 4.5% variation to the max and if 16 degrees a 3.75% fluctuation.
You should calculate the percentages based on the absolute temperature which is C+273, so they become: 0.6/(14+273)*100 = 0.2%
Thank you for correcting my math, you of course are correct to do it as C + 273 ( silly me thinking in terms of 0 C ) again begging the question is this fluctuation really that much on a scale of magnitudes and is it that much when it comes to climate… I understand glacier build up and that we are on the edge as far as the temperature goes of having it ( in other words our planet is just barely able to sustain life without freezing over ) but is movement in the positive direction truly that bad. Again I still am not convinced of the data sources as being pure in the first place and we really are talking about a very small change in temperature to date… as Leif said about 0.2%…
Still wondering if we are asking the right questions…
Here is the missing figure from my previous post
http://www.skepticalscience.com/images/ocean-heat-2000m.gif
tallbloke (23:58:58) :
“When will someone start listening?”
Is the BBC starting to listen?
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8299079.stm
QUOTE: “What happened to global warming?”
“This headline may come as a bit of a surprise, so too might that fact that the warmest year recorded globally was not in 2008 or 2007, but in 1998.
But it is true. For the last 11 years we have not observed any increase in global temperatures.”
This seems to be the first almost semi-neutral article so far; is the BBC getting
ready to switch sides?
The article goes on to discuss the oceans heat storage.
“What is really interesting at the moment is what is happening to our oceans. They are the Earth’s great heat stores.
According to research conducted by Professor Don Easterbrook from Western Washington University last November, the oceans and global temperatures are correlated.”
The most funny thing in the article is,,,,,,
“The Met Office says that warming is set to resume quickly and strongly.
It predicts that from 2010 to 2015 at least half the years will be hotter than the current hottest year on record (1998).”
Maybe a second hand store will give them Ten Dollars for that “Super Computer”
that they just bought!
Molon Labe: Thanks. I just ran across Joe Romm’s post, too. Your link to Climate Progress didn’t make it through though. So here it is:
http://climateprogress.org/2009/10/10/skeptical-science-global-warming-not-cooling-is-still-happening-ocean-heat-content/
The graph he uses ends in 2004, and the data appears to end in 2003.
http://i33.tinypic.com/jpkmfn.gif
It fails to illustrate the flattening of OHC from 2003 to 2008 and it misses the drop in 2009.
Molon Labe (14:58:46) :
Joe Romm at Climate Progress has a post up this morning on ocean heat content supposedly proving that warming is continuing . He makes a big argument based on this figure
Just posted to Romms blog. Funnily enough, it seems to have gone straight up without the usual ‘your post is awaiting moderation’ Can someone check they can see it for me?
1.
tallbloke says:
October 10, 2009 at 6:30 pm
I can see you’ve had the crayon box open again Joe, but have you seen the latest OHC data?
http://wattsupwiththat.com/ 2009/ 10/ 09/ ocean-heat-content-dropping/
Smokey (14:09:36)
Your response and reference ties to my personal hypothesis:
a) A graph of the three data sets shows there is no correlation between CO2 increase, atmospheric temperatures, and fossil fuel consumption.
b) The increase in atmospheric CO2 from ~280 ppm about 200 years ago was steady until ~1965, when the rate increased about 25% and has been steady for the past 45 years.
c) The Vostok core studies tell us that CO2 increases lag temperature increases by 700-800 years.
d) The MWP peaked about 1200 AD.
e) The oceans can, and do, hold far more CO2 than the atmosphere.
f) Warm water retains less CO2 than cold water.
g) Therefore, by undefined natural processes (perhaps the slow conveyor referred to in the rsj), the MWP triggered a deep water release of CO2, which is only now being noted. Such a release would be so defuse that it would be near impossible to detect, particularly if you were looking at auto tailpipes.
The rsj article may deal with this question directly, but my last physics course was about 50 years ago. I follow WUWT and other sites for continuing education, but some of the math and methods remain beyond my grasp.
Any clarification, even refutation will be welcome.
Bob Tisdale (15:33:28) :
Molon Labe: Thanks. I just ran across Joe Romm’s post, too. Your link to Climate Progress didn’t make it through though. So here it is:
http://climateprogress.org/2009/10/10/skeptical-science-global-warming-not-cooling-is-still-happening-ocean-heat-content/
The graph he uses ends in 2004, and the data appears to end in 2003.
http://i33.tinypic.com/jpkmfn.gif
It fails to illustrate the flattening of OHC from 2003 to 2008 and it misses the drop in 2009.
Bob, of greater interest is the paper Joe Romm links, in draft form, for free.
http://www.euro-argo.eu/content/download/49437/368494/file/VonSchukmann_et_al_2009_inpress.pdf
This does show OHC through 2008, and down to 2000m
Still misses the drop in 2009 though.
Some of the turning points in the lead graph look familiar:
http://i38.tinypic.com/9u417d.png
http://www.sfu.ca/~plv/CumuSumAO70.png
@tallbloke (16:03:09) : Yes your post is there. He kept it because he added some snark to it.
He’s trying to argue that the 0-2000m data shows the signal better than the 0-700m. Which is strange considering the forcing is supposedly coming from the surface, hence the shallower data must necessarily lead the deeper data. Also the 0-700 data has not had magic pixie-dust peer review sprinkled on it.
If OHC is declining, while SSTs are not then this means the Earth’s climate is cooling, as the oceans (where 99.x% of the Earth’s climate’s heat is) are losing more heat than they are gaining.
It also means the current atmospheric temperatures merely reflect the lag (delay) in the solar input to oceans, heat release to atmosphere, heat loss to space, cycle.
I feel pretty confident that this data points to sharpish falls in atmospheric temperatures over the next couple of years.
Leif Svalgaard (11:01:41) have been nearly constant since 1952, while temps have not.
Certainly you are looking through your standard “any-impact-from-outer-space-have–instant-on-earth-effect-glasses” (without any delay). We have many predominant oscillations here on our planet that has characteristic time constants in the range from a couple of years to a century. Thus I suggest that you should instead try to answer the question I asked – is the paper from CERN nonsense?
Invariant said:
As far as I am aware there is only one Leif Svalgaard, but what does the constancy of his presence since 1952 have to do with temperatures.