Ethanol Mandates are Dead, Long Live SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel)

Essay by Eric Worrall

A bill has been introduced which could drive up US food prices, for the benefit of EU greens.

US Climate Change Denial May Dampen Ethanol, SAF Demand 

March 3, 2026
Frank Zaworski 

Insight Focus

Rolling back regulations on greenhouse gases will likely have an impact on biofuels, as the petroleum and auto industries celebrate the potential removal of restrictions on the production of their respective products. The rollbacks may also somewhat disincentivise further development within the biofuels sector.

“This rollback is sort of cementing things that have already been done, such as the relaxation of the fuel economy standards,” said Michael Gerrard, a climate law expert from Columbia University. “But it really does put US automakers in a bind, because nobody else is going to want to buy American cars.

Airlines and Energy Firms Double Down on SAF

Meanwhile, the world is intent on reducing the carbon footprint of air transportation by increasing the use of SAF.

In the US, a draft farm bill from the House Ag Committee calls for USDA to develop a plan to advance production of SAF. The bill would include using crops and promoting public-private partnerships that would lead to commercial-scale production of SAF.

Read more: https://www.czapp.com/analyst-insights/us-climate-change-denial-may-dampen-ethanol-saf-demand/

It is sad that a biofuel bill has been proposed which would drive up the price of food, despite all the efforts President Trump has made to liberate Americans from market distorting green mandates.

The text of the bill;

S.144 – Farm to Fly Act of 2025 119th Congress (2025-2026)

Sponsor:Sen. Moran, Jerry [R-KS] (Introduced 01/16/2025)
Committees:Senate – Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
Latest Action:Senate – 01/16/2025 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.  (All Actions)
Tracker: TipThis bill has the status Introduced

Here are the steps for Status of Legislation: Introduced => Passed Senate => Passed House => To President => Became Law

Summary: S.144 — 119th Congress (2025-2026)All Information (Except Text)

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There is one summary for S.144. Bill summaries are authored by CRS.

Shown Here:
Introduced in Senate (01/16/2025)

Farm to Fly Act of 2025

This bill directs the Department of Agriculture (USDA) to integrate the advancement of sustainable aviation fuels into its programs.

Specifically, this bill includes sustainable aviation fuel as an advanced biofuel for the purposes of several USDA bioenergy programs that primarily provide support and incentives for renewable energy projects.

For purposes of these programs, the bill defines sustainable aviation fuel as liquid fuel, the portion of which is not kerosene, which (1) meets specific international standards, (2) is not derived from coprocessing specific materials (e.g., triglycerides) with a non-biomass feedstock, (3) is not derived from palm fatty acid distillates or petroleum, and (4) is certified as having a lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions reduction percentage of at least 50% compared with petroleum-based jet fuel (based on specific standards and agreements).

In addition, the bill specifically includes fostering and advancing sustainable aviation fuels as part of the Biorefinery, Renewable Chemical, and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program.

Further, USDA must carry out a comprehensive and integrated pursuit of all USDA mission areas for the advancement of sustainable aviation fuels, including through

  • the identification of opportunities to maximize the development and commercialization of the fuels,
  • supporting rural economic development through improved sustainability for aviation, and
  • advancing public-private partnerships.
Read more: https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/144

I just have one question. WHY?

Pouring government subsidies into a scheme to help EU airlines puts the US government in competition with the US people, over who gets to purchase agricultural produce, for no net benefit whatsoever to anyone in the USA, except for farmers who receive subsidies from other taxpayers.

How Biofuel Mandates Raise Food and Energy Prices

Blending requirements harm consumers and the environment

November 4th 2022 
By Adin Richards

Introduction

The U.S. biofuel mandate fails at its stated objectives, worsens food security, and increases costs for consumers. Biofuels are plant-derived substitutes for petroleum-based transportation fuels. Congress has mandated their use since 2005 as part of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). The government’s mandate was justified by claiming it would reduce emissions, increase U.S. energy security, spur the development of more advanced biofuels, and help American farmers. In practice, the Renewable Fuel Standard has delivered on only one of its initial promises: boosting the incomes of American farmers. Conventional biofuels have proven to be more carbon intensivethan fossil fuels, the technology advances that Congress had counted on have not come to fruition, and the U.S. is incapable of producing biofuels at the level the law requires. Rather than increasing American energy independence, the U.S. has become a net biofuel importer in order to meet the biofuel blending mandate. Inflexible federal policy has also meant that when corn and soybean prices rise, gasoline prices go up, harming U.S. consumers. By diverting crops from livestock feed and human food, biofuel blending mandates also worsen food insecurity, particularly in crises like the one triggered by COVID-19 supply disruptions and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Read more: https://ifp.org/biofuel-mandates-raise-food-and-energy-prices/

If the goal is to help farmers and boost food security, instead of hurting consumers by subsidising useless biofuel mandates, why not subsidise food production? I do not support subsidies, but a subsidy which provides no benefit whatsoever to US consumers is next level absurd.

Biofuel mandates have a horrible track record for causing harm. Even Oxfam complained about EU biofuel policies in 2012, and Oxfam normally embrace green policies.

Europe’s thirst for biofuels spells hunger for millions, as food prices shoot up

Published: 17th September 2012

Land used to power European cars with biofuels for one year could produce enough wheat and maize to feed 127 million people, Oxfam reveals ahead of today’s important EU Energy Ministers’ meeting.

With the world’s poorest at greater risk of hunger as a result of spiraling food prices, the international agency is calling on the EU to rethink its dangerous love affair with biofuels.

In a new GROW campaign report, The Hunger Grains, Oxfam warns that Europe’s growing appetite for biofuels is pushing up global food prices and driving people off their land, resulting in deeper hunger and malnutrition in poor countries.

In Europe, EU biofuel mandates could cost every adult about €30 each year by 2020. In 2008, about €3 billion were spent in tax exemptions and other incentives for biofuel production in the EU, comparable to the value of cuts agreed under the controversial Greek bail-out deal in February.

“Depriving millions of people of food, land and water”

Read more: https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/europes-thirst-biofuels-spells-hunger-millions-food-prices-shoot

Only US voters can stop this nonsense, by making it clear to representatives that they should not support measures which will drive up domestic food prices. If farmers genuinely need government support, at least make it a form of support which provides a tangible benefit. A US taxpayer subsidy which hurts US consumers, but helps the green lunatics who run the EU maintain their net zero charade, this makes no sense whatsoever.

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Arthur Jackson
March 2, 2026 10:09 pm

Does this mean that whiskey prices will be coming down?

Sparta Nova 4
Reply to  Arthur Jackson
March 3, 2026 10:41 am

Only if the price of oil comes down and tariffs achieve a sustainable level.

Chris Hanley
March 2, 2026 10:30 pm

Appreciate the artwork.

Sparta Nova 4
Reply to  Chris Hanley
March 3, 2026 10:45 am

Bio aviation fuel is rather corny.

GeorgeInSanDiego
March 2, 2026 11:01 pm

Corn should be food or feed, not fuel.

Reply to  GeorgeInSanDiego
March 2, 2026 11:51 pm

Mandating the growing of corn for our gas tanks is a crime against humanity.

March 3, 2026 12:05 am

It is not wicked Democrats that will ruin the US but dumb Republicans that want to do their job for them. Why are the EPA not putting a hold on this till they can convince the politicians this is foolish?

Reply to  Michael in Dublin
March 3, 2026 4:25 pm

Because the farm lobby is rather strong, and Republicans from farm states want to be re-elected.

Denis
March 3, 2026 12:21 am

“I just have one question. WHY?”

Kinda obvious. The guy who sponsored the bill is from Kansas, a farm state.

Chasmsteed
Reply to  Denis
March 3, 2026 12:44 am

“I’m as corny as Kansas in August” – Rodgers & Hammerstein – South Pacific.
Say no more!

Bruce Cobb
March 3, 2026 2:10 am

Biofuel me once, shame on you. Biofuel me twice, shame on me.
A biofuel and our money are soon parted.
Seriously though, I get why Dumbocrats would support this, but any Republican joining Sen. Moron in supporting this should be ashamed of themselves.

abolition man
Reply to  Bruce Cobb
March 3, 2026 6:18 am

The Dumbocrats, or DemonKKKrats, have been known as the Criminal Party for decades; the Repubicans have worked hard to earn the sobriquet of the Stupid Party!
Calling the senator a moron may be an insult…to morons!

Sweet Old Bob
Reply to  Bruce Cobb
March 3, 2026 8:24 am

Suggest you speak with some farmers .

See why they are being forced into a position of doing this.

Hint : big corporations / government policies , practices .

If farmers do not survive , neither will we .

March 3, 2026 6:31 am

THIS was supposed to the direction the fuels industry was to be headed: “Cellulosic Ethanol”
Cellulosic ethanol is produced from non-food plant materials like grasses and agricultural waste, making it more sustainable and less likely to drive up food prices compared to corn ethanol, which is derived from food crops. Additionally, cellulosic ethanol has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly more than corn ethanol.

https://energyjustice.net/cellulosic-ethanol-bio-fools-errand/

https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/10224521

https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/02/20070222-5.html

John Hultquist
Reply to  _Jim
March 3, 2026 8:28 am

 I can remember when “dwarf” wheat with short stalks was a big thing, making national news in the early 1960s. Also, farm machinery was introduced to return chopped stalks back to the field for soil health.
“Cellulosic Ethanol” seems to be the anti-thingy to these trends. Fits with the adage “You can’t do just one thing.”

Reply to  John Hultquist
March 3, 2026 12:22 pm

re: ““Cellulosic Ethanol” seems to be the anti-thingy to these trends.”

“Cellulosic Ethanol” (ethanol produced from cellulose rather than from the plant’s seeds or fruit) was the basis upon which the biofuels bill was sold to GWB (George W. Bush), but technical hurdles were not overcome for making Cellulosic Ethanol, so instead the course we are on was set upon.

Sometimes, with my posts, I feel I am addressing a veritable school of goldfish (entities possessing limited to NO memory going back years.)

The assembled multitude here is under the assumption we CHOSE this first-generation edible feedstock such as corn (maize) for biofuels (a conscience choice decision) instead of the intended and proffered (during discussion WHEN biofuel legislation was under discussion) making use of waste products that would have been used in second-generation Cellulosic Ethanol … I left sufficient links in my first post that pointed that direction, but often those efforts are fruitless.

The easier biofuels course (a perversion of the intent to use of Cellulosic Ethanol) was made, and NOW there is little hope Cellulosic Ethanol will ever be used to derive biofuels. The industry has chosen the easier course, and everyone is on board with this.

Those of us who have been long in the biofuels game can cast our memories back to 2007 and the Energy Independence and Security Act which established the U.S. Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) that in turn set ambitious cellulosic biofuel targets that foretold the start of a cellulosic ethanol boom.

https://stillwaterassociates.com/cellulosic-ethanol-is-a-revival-underway/?cn-reloaded=1

abolition man
March 3, 2026 6:32 am

The Green Movement has always had a hardcore, population reduction center to it; hence the deserved term of “watermelon!” Taking food out of the mouths of the world’s poorest to use as a not-so-green fuel is just the kind of policy eco-fascists can celebrate!
They spend countless hours trying to come up with ways to rid the world of what they see as the worst of plagues: free-range humans; especially the free thinking variety!

March 3, 2026 8:19 am

Just stop bio-fuels!!

Sparta Nova 4
March 3, 2026 10:44 am

“This rollback is sort of cementing things that have already been done, such as the relaxation of the fuel economy standards,” said Michael Gerrard, a climate law expert from Columbia University. “But it really does put US automakers in a bind, because nobody else is going to want to buy American cars.”

Really?
A “climate law expert” has such intimate knowledge of economics. Boy I need one of those degrees! /s

Glen Vonasek
March 3, 2026 12:01 pm

This is a corn growers subsidy bill. Nothing more.

sidabma
March 3, 2026 12:33 pm

We need fuel made from corn? What if corn could be produced and harvested daily – year round?
What if we didn’t have to grow this corn on agricultural fields? What if all this corn could be planted and harvested without tractors or diesel fuel? Everyone wants to eat corn in it’s season, and we want that to continue. It’s how we know it’s later summer.

AI Data Centers need electricity. Lets have them build Community Power Plants sized to their electrical needs. Then have them Host the power plants exhaust to a large commercial greenhouse constructed nearby where corn can be grown year round and harvested daily. These Natural Gas fired power plants would be operating at over 90% energy efficiency.

Near to these greenhouses can be constructed the corn to ethanol refinery. They can be getting the Btu’s they need for their corn to ethanol process from the combusted exhaust from the Community Power Plant.
The CO2 in the cooled exhaust will be pumped into the greenhouses, enriching the plants to produce to maximum performance.
The recovered Water from the combusted exhaust and the power plants cooling towers can be used as irrigation or by the refinery.

Waste Is Not Waste If It Has A Purpose.

The AI Data Centers are in complete control of their power supply. The national grid is not supplying electricity to them, but they might over build by 15 or 20% and instead be a good neighbor and supply some free power back into the grid. The AI Power Group will also pay for all the natural gas they consume. This is not the general publics responsibility. We believe it will make all parties happier, and there are Zero emissions going into the atmosphere.

This is a Story Tip that must be published across the AI and Energy industry. We have an opportunity to do this right, or bury our heads in the sand in shame.

KevinM
Reply to  sidabma
March 5, 2026 3:55 pm

-1 for use of “Lets have them build”. They are not asking us what to build, they’ll build it or they won’t.

Bob
March 3, 2026 1:53 pm

Get the government out of the energy business, they know nothing. All they do is screw things up with no accountability.

ntesdorf
March 3, 2026 2:52 pm

Corn was designed to be eaten by the resourceful Incas. It was never intended to be burned in motors.

KevinM
Reply to  ntesdorf
March 5, 2026 3:57 pm

Theological argument.

Stanb999
March 4, 2026 4:01 am

I must say. Using the corn and soy for fuel is better than the alternative of just dumping it in the ocean. The world has a massive over supply.

KevinM
March 5, 2026 3:46 pm

“In the US, a draft farm bill from the House Ag Committee calls for USDA to develop a plan to advance production of SAF.”

Why is the USA developing plans for new products, and who is producing those products?

sidabma
March 5, 2026 4:59 pm

There is more than 1 way to “skin this cat”. Power plants typically have no neighbors near by, because who wants to live next door to an industrial power plant. These power plants have big chimney’s that vent into the atmosphere large volumes of combusted exhaust. In that combusted exhaust is a lot of Btu’s and CO2 and Water. How about if that combusted exhaust before being vented into the atmosphere went through a Sidel SRU Flue Gas Condenser and the heat energy was separated and captured to be utilized. The power plant instead of operating at 50% energy efficiency it would HOST the combusted exhaust to be captured and utilized. The power plant could be operating at over 90% instead of 50%.
With the heat energy removed from the combusted exhaust – what’s left is cool exhaust, or a lot of CO2. If next to the power plant a large commercial greenhouse were to be constructed, the cooled CO2 could then be vented into these greenhouses and provide the growing plants inside with CO2 Enrichment. CO2 is fertilizer for these plants.
What’s left of the combusted exhaust at this point is condensation. 18% of this combusted exhaust is water. This water can be collected, nutrients added and then utilized as irrigation water.
The power plant might have cooling towers, and venting out of the top of those cooling towers is water. This water can also be captured and utilized.
It’s about time. America must focus towards Energy Efficiency and No Waste.

There were negative comments about using corn for aviation fuel. Here is the Story Tip. What if this corn was grown in these greenhouses? Not in the ground but in rolling trays. No tractors, and all that diesel fuel could be reserved for outdoor field crops. These corn crops could be growing and producing corn year round. No longer a seasonal crop. It’s easily done.