WSJ and Lomborg show just how useless the “Inflation Reduction Act” is at tackling climate

Orginally published on Climate Realism today.

On August 8th , just a day after the passage of the so-called “Inflation Reduction Act,” containing  a suite of climate-related spending and tax credits, the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) editorial board published a scathing editorial titled “Tilting at Climate Windmills – Schumer-Manchin will have little effect on the world’s temperature,” showing how the provisions of the bill will have virtually no effect on climate at all.

WSJ uses analysis with the help of the IPCC climate models and Dr. Bjorn Lomborg to come up with a number, and the number is vanishingly small. They write:

Nearly all of Washington—Democrats, the press, lobbyists—is taking a victory lap with Senate passage of the Schumer-Manchin tax, climate and drug price control bill. The climate lobby is especially thrilled, claiming a historic victory that will reduce temperatures, hold back the rising sea, and save the planet.

Or, maybe not. Our contributor Bjorn Lomborg looked at the Rhodium Group estimate for CO2 emissions reductions from Schumer-Manchin policies. He then plugged them into the United Nations climate model to measure the impact on global temperature by 2100. He finds the bill will reduce the estimated global temperature rise at the end of this century by all of 0.028 degrees Fahrenheit in the optimistic case. In the pessimistic case, the temperature difference will be 0.0009 degrees Fahrenheit.

So, as seen in the figure below provided by Lomborg, we get somewhere between 0.028 and 0.0009°F reduction in temperature by 2100 for about 400 billion dollars in climate spending contained in the bill.

At that rate, simple math (see Excel sheet below) suggests the amount of money required to achieve the much desired 1.5°C (2.7°F) reduction in temperature using the best case reduction of 0.028°F would be $38,571,428,571,428 or approximately 39 Trillion dollars. The worst-case temperature reduction of 0.0009°F would cost a staggering 1,200,000,000,000,000 dollars or ONE QUADRILLION TWO HUNDRED TRILLION DOLLARS.

To put that number in perspective, according to the World Bank, the 2020 world economy in U.S. dollars was approximately $84.7 trillion. Assuming it would actually work, to have a meaningful effect on climate, the world would have to spend about half the global annual economy for the best-case scenario. If you think inflation is bad now, just wait for those sorts of numbers.

The worst-case scenario is out of reach of world wealth.

President Biden had this to say:

Now, let me be clear: This bill would be the most significant legislation in history to tackle the climate crisis and improve our energy security right away.  And it’ll give us a tool to meet the climate goals that are set — that we’ve agreed to — by cutting emissions and accelerating clean energy.

Meanwhile, New York Times economist Paul Krugman suggested Democrats “saved civilization” with climate provisions in the spending bill.

There are just no words to describe this sort of disconnect between believing you’re a climate superhero and climate reality, especially when you’re a Nobel winning economist. Kudos to WSJ and Lomborg for pointing out the climate folly of the “Inflation Reduction Act.”

(Thanks to Charles Rotter for checking the math in the Excel file -Anthony)

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Paul Hurley (aka PaulH)
August 11, 2022 6:04 am

In any event, there is nothing to tackle.

William
Reply to  Paul Hurley (aka PaulH)
August 11, 2022 7:51 am

you mean that a miniscule amount of CO2 in the atmosphere really has nothing to do with the earth’s temperature or climate – blasphemous

griff
Reply to  William
August 11, 2022 10:15 am

No, scientifically inaccurate!

Reply to  griff
August 11, 2022 11:45 am

Explain why you think so, Griff

Clyde Spencer
Reply to  Redge
August 11, 2022 12:40 pm

Yes, unsupported opinions from him have become tiresome.

Bryan A
Reply to  Redge
August 11, 2022 1:21 pm

I’ll ‘Splain it for Griff
(Griff),…why I think so… Science Seance

LdB
Reply to  griff
August 11, 2022 6:51 pm

You really mean Climate Science ™ inaccurate.

Reply to  griff
August 11, 2022 10:54 pm

.

tumbleweed.gif
Reply to  Redge
August 12, 2022 5:07 pm

Good Lord, No!

Tumbleweeds sow seeds that way!

giffie sows total BS and nonsense, for a harvest of ignorance.

Reply to  griff
August 12, 2022 5:03 pm

“Explain why you think so”

In detail with numbers and explicit effects for every calculation, giffie.

Reply to  William
August 11, 2022 4:35 pm

This is not about reducing CO2
This is about increasing centralized command/control of the federal government by Dem/Progs

All the rest is bull manure

Jørgen F.
Reply to  Willem post
August 12, 2022 9:49 am

…which Lomborg has not yet understood. Sadly enough. He still thinks this is about clean water and food supplies to the poor.

Observer
Reply to  Jørgen F.
August 13, 2022 3:35 pm

I suspect he does understand. But he knows he can more effectively fight the Warmunists by running with their assumptions.

His Majesty
Reply to  Observer
August 15, 2022 7:39 am

Interesting. Maybe.

Yooper
August 11, 2022 6:08 am

So, when the planet starts having measurable cooling will they claim “I did That”? They stopped global warming….

Reply to  Yooper
August 11, 2022 7:07 am

Of course. Any temperature reductions in the future will just be due to their heroic green triumph over the rest of us. Father Nature will have had nothing at all to do with it.

WR2
Reply to  Yooper
August 11, 2022 8:50 am

No, at that point they will immediately and shamelessly pivot to global cooling being the next catastrophe that only socialism can solve.

David Brewer
Reply to  WR2
August 11, 2022 11:11 am

Sadly this is vastly more likely and will require equally monstrous spending to save us from.

Reply to  WR2
August 11, 2022 11:46 am

The same as they did in the 70s

BigE
Reply to  Yooper
August 11, 2022 8:50 am

The only kicker is they will have to admit that atmospheric CO2 levels, which will be somewhere in 500 ppm level in 30 years +/-, show that CO2 does not drive the earth’s temperatures! 🤣🤣🤣

MarkW
Reply to  BigE
August 11, 2022 3:13 pm

They won’t have to show anything. They will just declare that they never said anything about CO2 causing warming, and the media will back them up.

Reply to  BigE
August 12, 2022 5:58 am

They’re already setting methane and nitrogen as the next excuse to save us from ourselves.

MarkW
Reply to  Yooper
August 11, 2022 3:12 pm

The NYT wrote an essay recently that the Democrats have saved civilization.
Clearly they are getting ready to declare victory over CO2, regardless of whatever CO2 and climate actually do in the future.

Reply to  Yooper
August 11, 2022 3:27 pm

No. Because if it cools before they have implemented all their socialist dreams of centrally-planned energy they’ll tell us that it takes at least 30 years to a determine a trend. Because natural variation. See how that works? Natural variation is a thing only if it supports their narrative of apocalyptic human-caused climate change. If it undermines their crazy claims then natural variation doesn’t exist.

Reply to  Yooper
August 11, 2022 3:36 pm

It is already working in the Southern Ocean and along the Equator. Northern Hemisphere needs more effort though.

NCEP_Three_Trends-2.png
John K. Sutherland.
August 11, 2022 6:10 am

However, possibly the most amazing thing in the scramble to achieve this ‘pie in the sky’ over-reach, is just how much energy from fossil fuels will be needed to achieve this. Talk about a CATCH-22.

John Garrett
August 11, 2022 6:26 am

Thank god I didn’t have a career as a professional liar.

I’d have shot myself.

I truly do not understand how people like Krugman, Schumer and Biden look in the mirror.

Kevin kilty
Reply to  John Garrett
August 11, 2022 7:41 am

Like so…?

Scissor
Reply to  Kevin kilty
August 11, 2022 8:13 am

Do you suppose they wonder if their bulging tummies could mean they’re pregnant?

Kevin kilty
Reply to  Scissor
August 11, 2022 8:46 am

You are funny!

Reply to  Scissor
August 11, 2022 4:29 pm

They may need to go to the bathroom

H.R.
Reply to  John Garrett
August 11, 2022 8:05 am

Vampires and psychopaths’ images do not reflect in a mirror, so they never see anything to trouble their minds in the least.

Bryan A
Reply to  H.R.
August 11, 2022 9:41 am

You need to have a soul for those to work.
What they need is the Mirror of Dorian Grey

Quilter52
August 11, 2022 6:51 am

Is there any way at all that we can hold politicians responsible for the misuse of public funding? There are so many people that could be benefited from this money and yet it is being wasted with no consequences for the people who are wasting it.

WR2
Reply to  Quilter52
August 11, 2022 8:51 am

The American public supposedly voted for this, it’s on them.

John Hultquist
Reply to  WR2
August 11, 2022 2:30 pm

About 800 relatives and friends voted for Bandon, the other 77,999,200 voted against “The Donald”. If DJT had the wit and charm of Ronald R. or Jimmy Stewart, the Nation would be in a better place. Another would be Johathan Goldsmith of the Dos Equis gig.  One can think of many others that had “class” rather than “style-without-class.”
Your turn . . .

Reply to  John Hultquist
August 11, 2022 4:32 pm

aBrandon Biden?
He got credited with 80 million BALLOTS, by hook and by crook
He did not get 80 million people to vote for him

IAMPCBOB
Reply to  Willem post
August 15, 2022 12:59 pm

Thinking people KNOW this, too!

Reply to  Quilter52
August 11, 2022 11:47 am

Politicians always have a get-out-of-free jail card – they’ll blame it on “The Science”

michel
August 11, 2022 6:53 am

Yes, this craziness is a constant feature of green climate policy proposals. And this is why I say policy is where skeptics should focus their efforts.

The idea that anything the US does will have any effect on climate is absurd. Its absurd to think there will be any direct effects, and its even more absurd to think there will be any effects from others following the US example.

Good news is that the WSJ is making the point, and making it forcefully and in a way that can’t be argued with.

Reply to  michel
August 11, 2022 7:10 am

“Good news is that the WSJ is making the point, and making it forcefully and in a way that can’t be argued with.”

Sadly, they won’t argue with it…they’ll just completely ignore it like they’ve always done!

Kevin kilty
Reply to  Alastair Brickell
August 11, 2022 8:49 am

Unfortunately the point is not the point. The point is to spread payola around among the faithful to energize them to re-elect Democrats. What I can’t see is the point of having statutes on the books prohibiting bribes for votes, when that is all politics is about…well that and making the pols rich.

Bob Close
Reply to  michel
August 12, 2022 2:43 am

These economists have done their sums alright, but why do they still accept “the Science” as sacrosanct? The whole climate / energy problem started with the stupid AGW hypothesis, that has been thoroughly debunked by good solid science including empirical measurements of many natural climate factors and forcing’s. Surely, it’s time the alarmist IPCC is forced to justify its crazy temperature predictions and related requirements to reduce fossil fuel energy, particularly CO2 emissions, when science has shown CO2 has a trivial continuing forcing effect, not worth worrying about!
Scientists must defend real truth in climate science, not this tired AGW paradigm that had had its day and is falsified. Justifying global policies based on it, is the epitome of stupidity, especially when those policies will have no effect on the supposed climate problem.
For the sake of humanity we must act smarter than this.

tgasloli
August 11, 2022 6:56 am

Actually, since CO2 does not cause any increase in global mean temperature, the world could spend an infinite amount of money and fail to change the global mean temperature.

Reply to  tgasloli
August 11, 2022 7:19 am

Next election ….throw the demrat bums out and reverse all this foul legislation.

Ron
Reply to  Antigriff
August 11, 2022 10:07 am

We all know what has to be done in 2024.

“Trump makes it official: U.S. will withdraw from the Paris climate accord”

Bruce Cobb
August 11, 2022 7:29 am

How dare you use facts, math, and logic and stuff!! This is an outrage! Just for that I’m going to glue myself to something. That’ll teach you.

Bryan A
Reply to  Bruce Cobb
August 11, 2022 9:51 am

Perhaps if they superglued their hands over their mouths and noses the global problems would self resolve

MarkW
August 11, 2022 7:34 am

we get somewhere between 0.028 and 0.0009°F

And that is using the ridiculously high climate sensitivity of the IPCC models.

Kevin kilty
August 11, 2022 7:37 am

 He then plugged them into the United Nations climate model 

Does using this suggest that Lomborg actually believes in the climate model, thus supporting it possibly when new modifications make estimates better in line with our green blob, or is this just an exercize in playing devil’s advocate?

We have a course in mechanical engineering with the title “System Dynamics”, electrical engineers have something similar often going by the name of “Linear Systems”. The course looks a lot like one in applied differential equations, but it is essentially about modeling, and simulation. I have taught it half-dozen times, and am returning part time to teach it again this autumn. The very first day, right out of the starting gate, we have a general “discussion” of preliminary ideas one of which is avoiding reification — avoiding the tendency to treat the model as the thing itself.

Models have to have their departures from the realization of a system quantified — an uncertainty analysis perhaps. They must be tested to verify usefulness (functionality).

Reply to  Kevin kilty
August 11, 2022 10:17 am

I have listened to Lomborg talk and i can’t decide if he actually believes in the scientology or if he gives lip service so he doesn’t get cancelled completely on the economics side.

I think its the second one, i think he is too smart to really believe the twaddle.

6CA7
Reply to  Pat from Kerbob
August 11, 2022 1:47 pm

The problem with using this approach is that it lends a degree of credibility to faulty thinking.

I’m sure we have all had the conversation that something is only a trace amount and show them it doesn’t matter. But then they propose that even a tiny amount proves their point and that the faulty idea must be more or less correct at its core.

Reply to  6CA7
August 11, 2022 5:06 pm

Sure but he needs to get out the word that even if the model and theory are correct, the solutions proposed are worse than the supposed problem. I think it’s worthwhile.

Bob Close
Reply to  Pat from kerbob
August 12, 2022 2:52 am

Yes you are right Pat, if Lomborg can prove the solutions are total bogus then people will be forced to look at the initial scientific proposition generating the ‘problem’ and question its validity. This debunking of AGW climate science has to start somewhere, by putting pressure on the politicians supporting it, and through them the scientists pushing this garbage.

Dave Andrews
Reply to  Pat from kerbob
August 12, 2022 8:08 am

I agree. He was attacked mercilessly by the Greens and academics of that bent when the Skeptical environmentalist came out and had to fight for years to retain his academic position.

I’m in the UK but I guess the WSJ would not have gone to a well known sceptic to comment so if not Lomborg perhaps nobody.

Richard M
August 11, 2022 7:38 am

The actual number number required to keep the climate from warming 1.5 C is either infinite or zero depending on the order of the mathematical operations. I’ll go with zero. A correct model would show CO2 emissions do not produce any warming.

Let’s examine the claimed mechanism of warming by Spencer Weart and Ray Pierrehumbert at Real Climate, A Saturated Gassy Argument.

Basically, the argument is based on thinking about the CO2 floating high up in the atmosphere only. As it increases it absorbs more energy and this supposedly raises the effective radiation altitude to a higher, cooler level.

But, as mentioned in his argument, CO2 is a well mixed gas. When it increases, it increases at every layer. This changes everything.

What this means is more energy is now being transported upward. While the top layer will absorb more energy, there’s also more energy it can’t absorb. The way this works out is very amazing. Energy is radiated to space at all altitudes. It’s a brilliant design.

Just look at any two adjacent layers. The lower layer will contain more CO2 molecules and therefore will radiate upward more energy than the higher, less dense layer can absorb. That energy will essentially never get absorbed because the same inequality holds all the way to space.

This loss of energy starts right above the lowest layer of the atmosphere. The energy lost is based on the change in density which is based mainly on gravity. Adding more CO2 maintains the same density ratio between every layer as you rise.

The bottom line is the very top layer of the atmosphere is almost completely irrelevant. It still can’t absorb all the radiation from the layer right below it.

The Dark Lord
Reply to  Richard M
August 11, 2022 10:53 am

the satellites show that CO2 is NOT a well mixed gas …

Richard M
Reply to  The Dark Lord
August 11, 2022 12:08 pm

Close enough. The graphs color code small variances with big changes. Look at the actual numbers.

Clyde Spencer
Reply to  The Dark Lord
August 11, 2022 12:51 pm

It all depends on the definition of “well-mixed.”

Richard M
Reply to  Clyde Spencer
August 11, 2022 2:51 pm

All the measurements show a pretty consistent concentration of CO2 relative to other gases as you move up through the atmosphere. I don’t think the small differences will make much of a difference as they move around all the time.

MarkW
Reply to  The Dark Lord
August 11, 2022 3:15 pm

Varying by only a few percent world wide is well mixed.

H.R.
August 11, 2022 8:00 am

Lesseee here… 0.0009(F) divided by $700 Billion dollars equals…

slush fund + crony rewards + 10% for the Big Guy + customary Senate rake + some $$ that just vanishes with a remainder of FA in temperature reduction

Will somebody check my math for errors?

Kevin kilty
Reply to  H.R.
August 11, 2022 8:41 am

Seven-hundred trillion U.S. dollars per degree Fahrenheit. A bargain!

ResourceGuy
Reply to  H.R.
August 11, 2022 1:21 pm

They have gone from “we don’t pick winners–only favored losers” in the Obama administration to “we will carpet bomb the economy with tax credits” until they create a more expensive living standard for all and tax credit treasure hunters instead of risk takers. This is another win for China in all the confusion and distractions.

August 11, 2022 8:06 am

so what? they don’t care if it’s true or not

as we’ve seen, if no actual crisis materializes they’ll just declare one anyway

Rud Istvan
August 11, 2022 8:27 am

So first we learned the ‘Inflation Reduction Act’ won’t reduce inflation. Despite Biden saying it was zero last month rather than 9.8% as estimated by his own administration.
Now we learn it won’t affect the climate either. Despite Biden saying it will.

Biden has a truth problem. It started after he truthfully said he had put together the best election fraud team, then falsely claimed to have won the stolen election.

Old Man Winter
Reply to  Rud Istvan
August 11, 2022 9:58 am

Ford’s F-150 Lightning’s rising from $6k-$8.5k, +$7k for the entry level Pro now $46,974. There goes your $7,500 tax credit!

Clyde Spencer
Reply to  Rud Istvan
August 11, 2022 12:55 pm

Inflation? I’m now paying $1.78 for a loaf of Walmart freshly-baked sesame seed Italian bread. Three months ago I was paying $1 for the same item.

August 11, 2022 8:32 am

The Inflation Reduction Act is just an act.

It will increase inflation.
The climate spending is just spending for government cronies.
It will increase the number of armed IRS agents to make sure they have the muscle to confiscate what they think is the government’s fair share.

November can’t get here fast enough.

Reply to  Brad-DXT
August 11, 2022 11:31 am

Does it not seem extremely likely that the Supreme Court’s recent controversial rulings will assure an overwhelming Democratic victory in the midterm elections?

Reply to  AndyHce
August 11, 2022 1:16 pm

Do you mean sending the authority for abortion laws back to the states?
Do you mean clarifying the constitutional right to keep and bear arms?

Do you consider either of them controversial and why?

John Hultquist
Reply to  Brad-DXT
August 11, 2022 2:47 pm

I didn’t find abortion numbers, but gun sales have been about 2 million per month. That’s double the number from 2 years before –slightly older data. USA population data suggest the number of abortions will decline over the next few years because fewer females are going to be entering the age cohorts from which demand comes.
The “back to the states” ruling will be considered a good choice.

Reply to  John Hultquist
August 11, 2022 2:59 pm

Do you think any ruling is controversial?
Controversial enough to sway a large percentage of voters?

MarkW
Reply to  Brad-DXT
August 11, 2022 3:21 pm

Socialists believe everything should be judged in regards to them.
They are extremely upset that the Supreme Court didn’t codify their position du-jour. From that, they assume that the whole country must also be up in arms.
Like that New York Democrat who declared that she couldn’t understand how that scoundrel Nixon beat nice Mr. McGovern. After all, nobody she knew voted for Nixon.
If anything, leftists are even more insular today.

Reply to  MarkW
August 11, 2022 3:57 pm

I was trying to determine how much of a leftist AndyHce is.

I know small minds live in small bubbles. That’s why they need groupthink, they don’t have enough braincells by themselves.

John Hultquist
Reply to  Brad-DXT
August 11, 2022 5:02 pm

No.

Reply to  John Hultquist
August 11, 2022 5:59 pm

Glad to hear it.

Reply to  Brad-DXT
August 11, 2022 5:10 pm

It isn’t me, it is people who believe those decisions are wrong. There seems to be tremendous agitation and organizing to oppose. I’m just reading the signs and those do not seem good.

Reply to  AndyHce
August 11, 2022 5:58 pm

Ha.
Reading the signs from leftists.
Sure they are organizing to cause disturbances that might make weak-minded fools tremble in fear. That’s in their playbook.

Proper responses to their disturbances are in order.

badEnglish
Reply to  AndyHce
August 12, 2022 7:18 am

Where on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs do you think “recent” SCOTUS decisions rank in the lives of American voters? I read the tea leaves, as well, and what I see is discontent over food and energy costs. In my opinion, folks are connecting the dots between policy and negative outcomes in the economy; this will be reflected in November results. Centrist Democratic candidates do not have enough time to distance themselves from Biden and his cabinet, despite the recent announcement by the CDC that Covid is essentially over.

MarkW
Reply to  AndyHce
August 11, 2022 3:18 pm

Why would you assume that? The only people who are worked up over those rulings would never have voted for Republicans in the first place.
Regardless, the number of people who support abortion up to the moment of birth, which has been the Democrat position for decades, is miniscule.

Reply to  MarkW
August 11, 2022 5:15 pm

See my reply above. My impressions come from people who think those decisions are the devils own handiwork and who are making efforts to overturn them at any cost. Only the Democrats are offering hope for that to any significant degree.

MarkW
Reply to  AndyHce
August 11, 2022 8:38 pm

If you are getting your “impressions” from the news media, then you are being sold a bill of goods.

Reply to  AndyHce
August 11, 2022 10:28 pm

Ha.
You think people care more about whether someone can get an abortion conveniently than fill their gas tank and freezer.
I’ve seen brick walls that aren’t as dense as you portray yourself.

Bill Toland
August 11, 2022 8:44 am

The estimated cost figures in the article to achieve net zero are far too low. Every one percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is more difficult and expensive than the previous one percent reduction. The low hanging fruit are picked first. Any serious attempt to achieve net zero by any country will bankrupt that country very quickly.

Reply to  Bill Toland
August 11, 2022 5:28 pm

hasn’t that been is process for quite some time now. The debt of at last most western nations is well beyond any possibility of ever being paid off. It is still possible to further impoverish the peasants in order to make interest payments, however.

Doug S
August 11, 2022 8:44 am

To all of the good people here on WUWT not living in the US, yes, I regret to inform you that our population is filled with very foolish and poorly educated people. They believe in this kind of climate nonsense with a religious vigor.

Bill Toland
Reply to  Doug S
August 11, 2022 8:58 am

Unfortunately, the situation in Britain isn’t any different.

Reply to  Doug S
August 11, 2022 9:03 am

It is, after all, the First Church of the Boiling Globe.

Reply to  Slowroll
August 11, 2022 11:11 am

Clever

John Hultquist
Reply to  Charles Rotter
August 11, 2022 2:52 pm

I long time ago, some of us went the other way:
Church Of The Sacred Carbon… | Musings from the Chiefio (wordpress.com)
Posted on 21 July 2012

Reply to  John Hultquist
August 11, 2022 4:32 pm

I think the joke needs refining. Phrases, such as Our lady of the perpetual boiling globe, for example, is more mellifluous, but I think the general idea, yours and Slowroll’s have merit.

August 11, 2022 9:03 am

 “Kudos to WSJ and Lomborg for pointing out the climate folly of the “Inflation Reduction Act.”

Kudos to WSJ and Lomborg for having the stomach to even bother using models known to be worthless. ‘Hoist by their own petard’ way well be the best way to deal with the technical side of the climatariat.

Terry
August 11, 2022 9:20 am

It’s just money kids – the taxpayers can always make more, after all the Dem’s are saving the world!

ResourceGuy
August 11, 2022 9:43 am

I guess it’s too early for them to start using the words down payment. That will come shortly and the tax rate on stock buybacks will only go up when they need to go to the piggybank.

ResourceGuy
August 11, 2022 9:46 am

I predict a lot more draughts, floods, and storms with have a lot less news coverage and organized panic. But this is cyclical and it will stir up once again when they need to go back to the well again for mo money.

Bill Everett
Reply to  ResourceGuy
August 11, 2022 10:29 am

The temperature curve in the graph accompanying this article is a complete departure from the patterned temperature record established from the mid-1880’s until about 2004. According to that temperature pattern, the only significantly long continuous period of warming during the current century would be from about 2035 until 2065 and would amount to a temperature rise of about one degree centigrade.

MarkW
Reply to  ResourceGuy
August 11, 2022 3:23 pm

With all the floods and storms, a few extra draughts will help to keep ones sanity.

Gregory Woods
August 11, 2022 10:25 am

Krugman has never been right about anything…

John Hultquist
Reply to  Gregory Woods
August 11, 2022 3:12 pm

Correct. Further, his New Economic Geography is a re-wording of the old economic geography nicely explained via a publication titled The Geographical Review, a publication of the American Geographical Society, founded in 1851 in New York City. There are other economic geography journals. One – Economic Geography – was first published in 1925.

MarkW
Reply to  Gregory Woods
August 11, 2022 3:23 pm

I’m pretty sure he gets his shoes on the correct foot most of the time.

Reply to  MarkW
August 11, 2022 5:13 pm

How do you know?
Trudeau doesn’t

Carlo, Monte
Reply to  MarkW
August 11, 2022 8:38 pm

Evidence?

August 11, 2022 10:46 am

The economy did not receive Krugman’s memo about having to crash when Trump became president. 😉

The Dark Lord
August 11, 2022 10:51 am

Nothing we do, NOTHING will change the climate … this is just an exercise in taxpayer money laundering … its about power and control …

August 11, 2022 11:02 am

More clear evidence that that the ultimate outcome is of no concern to the politicos. All they care about is filling the trough for their donors and friends so that can fatten up before the voters finally realize they need to stop the corruption orgy and bring real leadership back into government.