Fish story: 'Fish moving poleward at rate of 26 kilometers per decade'

From the University of British Columbia via Eurekalert

evolve_fish_thermometer

Fish moving poleward at rate of 26 kilometers per decade

Large numbers of fish will disappear from the tropics by 2050, finds a new University of Britsh Columbia study that examined the impact of climate change on fish stocks. The study identified ocean hotspots for local fish extinction but also found that changing temperatures will drive more fish into the Arctic and Antarctic waters.

Using the same climate change scenarios as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, researchers projected a large-scale shift of marine fish and invertebrates. In the worst-case scenario, where the Earth’s oceans warm by three degrees Celsius by 2100, fish could move away from their current habitats at a rate of 26 kilometres per decade. Under the best-case scenario, where the Earth warms by one degree Celsius, fish would move 15 kilometres every decade. This is consistent with changes in the last few decades.

“The tropics will be the overall losers,” says William Cheung, associate professor at the UBC Fisheries Centre and co-author of this study, published today in ICES Journal of Marine Science. “This area has a high dependence on fish for food, diet and nutrition. We’ll see a loss of fish populations that are important to the fisheries and communities in these regions.”

Cheung and his colleague used modeling to predict how 802 commercially important species of fish and invertebrates react to warming water temperatures, other changing ocean properties, and new habitats opening up at the poles.

“As fish move to cooler waters, this generates new opportunities for fisheries in the Arctic,” says Miranda Jones, a UBC Nereus Fellow and lead author of this study. “On the other hand it means it could disrupt the species that live there now and increase competition for resources.”

This study follows previous research that looked at change in fisheries catch in relation to ocean warming since 1970.

###

NOTE: Prof. William Cheung is travelling in Europe but is available for interviews. The best way to reach Prof Cheung is by email at: w.cheung@fisheries.ubc.ca

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Jimbo
October 10, 2014 3:03 pm

In the worst-case scenario, where the Earth’s oceans warm by three degrees Celsius by 2100, fish could move away from their current habitats at a rate of 26 kilometres per decade.

Haaaa haaa.

Jimbo
Reply to  Jimbo
October 10, 2014 3:27 pm

Cheung and his colleague used modeling to predict how 802 commercially important species of fish and invertebrates react to warming water temperatures,……

FAIL. The models have not been inputed with how fish adapt, acclimatize etc. This is garbage of the worst kind.

TRM
Reply to  Jimbo
October 10, 2014 6:47 pm

I actually emailed him with a polite link to Dr Brown’s recent posting here and a suggestion that he not rely on models any more.

ROM
October 10, 2014 3:04 pm

For how much longer do we the public have to be forced to keep on passing out our hard earned to keep these so called “scientists” and their bloody minded stupidity that is passed off as “science” and who in past times were otherwise known as soothsayers, witch doctors and shamans, in the life style to which they have become accustomed ?
Is it any wonder that respect for science and scientists is in free fall amongst the public when we see the “prophecies”, the “soothsaying” and the “scientific predictions”, such as the above very fishy claim, all the same thing in climate science and all based on nothing more than speculation arising from a whole descending and sequential cascade of unproven,unverified and unvalidated models, each totally dependent on the output of a similar level of unverified, unvalidated, unproven models not dissimilar to those Russian Matryoshka nesting dolls.
And from all of this al we ever get is non stop everlasting prophecies of glom, doom, death and destruction.
We NEVER ever see some output from some supposed scientifically based climate model and the interpretations by the so called climate scientists that suggests and proposes that we are looking at a much better and brighter future because of the changing climatic circumstances.
Economics was once labeled as the “dismal science”.
Economics has long been surpassed by Climate Science in the levels of it’s “dismalism” and has far exceeded economics by it’s self immolating and debauched wallowing in catastophism.

Jimbo
October 10, 2014 3:05 pm

“The tropics will be the overall losers,” says William Cheung, associate professor at the UBC Fisheries Centre and co-author of this study, published today in ICES Journal of Marine Science. “This area has a high dependence on fish for food, diet and nutrition. We’ll see a loss of fish populations that are important to the fisheries and communities in these regions.”

What a load of utter horses’ shyt.

Abstract
Systematics and Biodiversity – Volume 8, Issue 1, 2010
Kathy J. Willis et al
4 °C and beyond: what did this mean for biodiversity in the past?
How do the predicted climatic changes (IPCC, 2007) for the next century compare in magnitude and rate to those that Earth has previously encountered? Are there comparable intervals of rapid rates of temperature change, sea-level rise and levels of atmospheric CO2 that can be used as analogues to assess possible biotic responses to future change? Or are we stepping into the great unknown? This perspective article focuses on intervals in time in the fossil record when atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased up to 1200 ppmv, temperatures in mid- to high-latitudes increased by greater than 4 °C within 60 years, and sea levels rose by up to 3 m higher than present. For these intervals in time, case studies of past biotic responses are presented to demonstrate the scale and impact of the magnitude and rate of such climate changes on biodiversity. We argue that although the underlying mechanisms responsible for these past changes in climate were very different (i.e. natural processes rather than anthropogenic), the rates and magnitude of climate change are similar to those predicted for the future and therefore potentially relevant to understanding future biotic response. What emerges from these past records is evidence for rapid community turnover, migrations, development of novel ecosystems and thresholds from one stable ecosystem state to another, but there is very little evidence for broad-scale extinctions due to a warming world. Based on this evidence from the fossil record, we make four recommendations for future climate-change integrated conservation strategies.
DOI: 10.1080/14772000903495833
==================
Abstract
Carlos Jaramillo et. al – Science – 12 November 2010
Effects of Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary on Neotropical Vegetation
Temperatures in tropical regions are estimated to have increased by 3° to 5°C, compared with Late Paleocene values, during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event. We investigated the tropical forest response to this rapid warming by evaluating the palynological record of three stratigraphic sections in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela. We observed a rapid and distinct increase in plant diversity and origination rates, with a set of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora. There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainforest was able to persist under elevated temperatures and high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropical ecosystems were severely compromised by heat stress.
doi: 10.1126/science.1193833
—————-
Abstract
Carlos Jaramillo & Andrés Cárdenas – Annual Reviews – May 2013
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Global Warming and Neotropical Rainforests: A Historical Perspective
There is concern over the future of the tropical rainforest (TRF) in the face of global warming. Will TRFs collapse? The fossil record can inform us about that. Our compilation of 5,998 empirical estimates of temperature over the past 120 Ma indicates that tropics have warmed as much as 7°C during both the mid-Cretaceous and the Paleogene. We analyzed the paleobotanical record of South America during the Paleogene and found that the TRF did not expand toward temperate latitudes during global warm events, even though temperatures were appropriate for doing so, suggesting that solar insolation can be a constraint on the distribution of the tropical biome. Rather, a novel biome, adapted to temperate latitudes with warm winters, developed south of the tropical zone. The TRF did not collapse during past warmings; on the contrary, its diversity increased. The increase in temperature seems to be a major driver in promoting diversity.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105403
—————-
Abstract
PNAS – David R. Vieites – 2007
Rapid diversification and dispersal during periods of global warming by plethodontid salamanders
…Salamanders underwent rapid episodes of diversification and dispersal that coincided with major global warming events during the late Cretaceous and again during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal optimum. The major clades of plethodontids were established during these episodes, contemporaneously with similar phenomena in angiosperms, arthropods, birds, and mammals. Periods of global warming may have promoted diversification and both inter- and transcontinental dispersal in northern hemisphere salamanders…
—————-
Abstract
ZHAO Yu-long et al – Advances in Earth Science – 2007
The impacts of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM)event on earth surface cycles and its trigger mechanism
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event is an abrupt climate change event that occurred at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. The event led to a sudden reversal in ocean overturning along with an abrupt rise in sea surface salinity (SSSs) and atmospheric humidity. An unusual proliferation of biodiversity and productivity during the PETM is indicative of massive fertility increasing in both oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems. Global warming enabled the dispersal of low-latitude populations into mid-and high-latitude. Biological evolution also exhibited a dramatic pulse of change, including the first appearance of many important groups of ” modern” mammals (such as primates, artiodactyls, and perissodactyls) and the mass extinction of benlhic foraminifera…..
22(4) 341-349 DOI: ISSN: 1001-8166 CN: 62-1091/P

Harry van Loon.
Reply to  Jimbo
October 10, 2014 4:28 pm

The same happened during the warming 1917-1944. Lysgaard: Recent Climatic Fluctuations. 1949, and the tropics survived.

Dodgy Geezer
October 10, 2014 3:05 pm

…Prof. William Cheung is travelling in Europe…
Good Lord! Modelling this leads me to believe that ALL our professors will be in Russia in a decade or so.
Best place for them…

RACookPE1978
Editor
Reply to  Dodgy Geezer
October 10, 2014 3:19 pm

That’s because all these professors know Russia is willing and able to prevent Obola pandemics within its border ….

Anything is possible
Reply to  Dodgy Geezer
October 10, 2014 3:40 pm

“…Prof. William Cheung is travelling in Europe…”
Moving polewards at 26km per decade?

October 10, 2014 3:07 pm

This is too silly for words. By my calculation, 26km is 16 miles which means that it will take the average fish roughly 100 years to move from NY to Boston.

Joel O'Bryan
October 10, 2014 3:09 pm

I believe “Finding Nemo” was a more compelling fish story than the one Prof. William Cheung provides.

RACookPE1978
Editor
October 10, 2014 3:15 pm

comment image%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ffrankpope.co.uk%252F2009%252F04%252F25%252Fafter-the-codyssey-the-eeliad-an-epic-tale-of-survival-and-the-sea-2%252F%3B613%3B327
http://www.eeliad.com/newsitems/news2.htm
Hmmmn. Maybe this 26 kilometer “movement” will screw up the eel’s 2600 kilometer migration from Europe to the Sargasso sea off of Florida.
Then again, 26 kilometers might have been enough to prevent this Euro-eel from being eaten off the coast of Newfoundland.

Jimbo
October 10, 2014 3:17 pm

The Benguela upwelling zone runs along the south west coast of Africa. Benguela is a province and city in Angola.

Abstract
Physical Oceanographic Influences on Central Benguela Fish Catch
Ocean and atmosphere reanalysis fields are used to study environmental conditions and their relation to commercial fish catch in the central Benguela upwelling zone, using both targeted and objective techniques. Composite maps and sections indicate a 10%–20% weakening of southeasterly winds, a 0.5°C warming of sea temperatures over the shelf, and changes in currents and subsurface upwelling associated with higher fish catch. During periods of high fish catch, recirculating gyres form that may aid the retention of eggs and larvae. Offshore winds contribute to poleward Ekman transport in a 50-m-deep layer within 100 km of the coast.
In addition to composite analysis, the natural variability is studied by principal component analysis of wind stress, sea level, temperature, salinity, currents, and vertical motion in the period 1970–2007. Comparison of interannual time scores and fisheries data indicate that anomalous poleward winds and warmer temperatures in the Lüderitz plume, driven by an atmospheric trough in the South Atlantic, are associated with higher catch rates.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2012ei421.1

RJ
October 10, 2014 3:19 pm

I wonder if they’ve ever heard of the changes in water temperature caused by ENSO?
By their theory the fish stocks in the central Pacific should be wiped out every few years. Or perhaps each species moves around following its preferred water temperature, rather faster than 26 kilometers per dacade.

Jimbo
October 10, 2014 3:24 pm

From the Great Barrier Reef we have this from 2012.

New study finds reef fish can rapidly adapt to climate change within 2 generations
http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2012/07/new-study-finds-reef-fish-can-rapidly.html

Fish can acclimatize or swim. Why do they have to go extinct? We know some corals can shift northwards too.

Reply to  Jimbo
October 10, 2014 3:26 pm

I don’t want fish to go extinct.
(Brussel sprouts? OK by me!)

Harold
October 10, 2014 3:24 pm

Sounds like a fish story to me.

inMAGICn
Reply to  Harold
October 10, 2014 3:31 pm

Fish tale?

hunter
Reply to  Harold
October 10, 2014 4:29 pm

A whopper of a tale.

October 10, 2014 3:47 pm

Pathetic. The PDO was discovered by a UW fisheries researcher who looked at historic salmon catches. The data showed that where the warm water was in an approximately 30 year cycle determined whether salmon were caught off the coast of the Pacific NW or Alaska.
The Team imagine that the climate never changed before 1977, apparently.

nielszoo
October 10, 2014 4:11 pm

I’m soliciting for a series of re-analyzed model runs to show areas off Florida’s East coast to be warming up to 100°C or more. I need that data to apply for DoE backed “loans” for my startup “green” business to lessen our dependance on coal and oil. My solar powered fishing fleet will go to these newly modeled 100°C+ areas to catch “pre poached” fish thereby eliminating the need for evil fossil fuel energy to cook said fish later. “From Sea to Plate”© is our motto.
… It makes as much sense as their “study.”

markl
October 10, 2014 4:16 pm

Poppycock. Ocean temperatures vary much more than 3 degrees and pelagic fish follow the ideal temperature hundreds of miles yearly already. Take tuna for example….they travel the Pacific between Japan and the West coasts of the Americas constantly in well known migrating patterns. When tuna fishing the first thing you look for is water temp above 60 F. This is just another “insert AGW and get published and get your advertised.”

u.k.(us)
Reply to  markl
October 11, 2014 12:45 pm

Nice word.

Mike McMillan
October 10, 2014 4:27 pm

The migration has already begun.
http://www.rockyhigh66.org/stuff/flying-squid.jpg
(North is to the left.)

u.k.(us)
Reply to  Mike McMillan
October 10, 2014 4:30 pm

Only till the poles switch 🙂

Reply to  Mike McMillan
October 10, 2014 4:42 pm

That’s not a fish so it doesn’t count. But it is sort of a pretty lil’ fella, that’ll capture the hearts of millions. So maybe it does count after all. My bad.

West Clintwood
Reply to  Tom J
October 10, 2014 10:49 pm

Wonder what it tastes like…

hunter
October 10, 2014 4:29 pm

More fear mongering dressed up in sciencey clothes.

Rick K
October 10, 2014 4:36 pm

Somethings fishy…

October 10, 2014 4:38 pm

“There must be some kind of way out of here, ”
Said the jellyfish to the reef,
“There’s too much confusion, I can’t get no relief.”
Let’s see; a healthy human body is said to operate at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. But that’s a misnomer. A healthy person can exhibit temperatures quite a bit more than one degree below and a bit more than one degree above that magic number. And, except for a few members of our species (that generally occupy the halls of government), we’re warm blooded. Last time I checked fish and invertebrates aren’t. (Ok, there’s a few exceptions with sharks and tunas.) So, a healthy warm blooded human animal can exhibit differences in body temperature of over 2%. But a cold blooded animal can’t for chrissake. In captivity tropical marine fish are advised to be kept at 78 degrees Fahrenheit water temperature. (I’m am American, I grew up with Fahrenheit although we didn’t know each other personally.) A one degree celsius change (I won’t bother with the 3 degree change since that’s simply ludicrous) represents a 1.8% change from that 78 degree American temperature. So, a warm blooded creature can handle a greater body temperature change than a cold blooded one which, faced with that itsy bitsy dilemma is gonna have to find some kind of way out of there. C’mon. Don’t for a second think there aren’t naturally occurring temperature gradients in the water already: warmer water washing back from the hot shores; cooler water flowing in from the open ocean; warmer water rising, evaporating and cooling. The water is in constant vigorous motion in the reefs. And then there’s the tide pools where the temperature changes, and also salinity changes, can be dramatic, and who’s creatures are very similar to their reef cousins. And, the constant churning of the reef waters insures oxygen levels are already above saturation, so any temperature change (which I’ll bet isn’t going to occur anyway) is unlikely to have impact on that. Moreover, isn’t it the cold, dry, polar air masses that are supposed to exhibit the most warming in these attack of the CAGW scenarios. Last time I checked the tropics are about as far away from the poles as you can get. Unless, of course, the Earth does some kind of cosmic, seventh dimension, internal, belly, double back flip.

October 10, 2014 4:44 pm

Bollocks. Fish can swim a lot faster than that.

F. Ross
October 10, 2014 4:49 pm

Something fishy about this study. Oh yeah! modeling.

Reply to  F. Ross
October 11, 2014 1:02 pm

Although northwards migration of fish socks northward gads been observed by fisheries:
http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/press_release/2012/SciSpot/SS1209/

October 10, 2014 4:52 pm

Awright. At the risk of having the crowd turn on me, I’ve got to fill you guys in .
In NE, the cod have taken a powder. The water in the Gulf of Maine has risen to temps that are driving them out. It started in 2010, and peaked last year. This has thrown fish management into a tail spin, and the enviros pof Pew, CLF are still harping about over fishing being the reason they are not there. Its complicated.
Last winter in the North East and Canada, the winter from Hell started changing things back. The Gulf of Maine was I little cooler this year. If we get the same kind of winter, it will be better for the fish. They will start to come back even more.
The cod collapse up in Canada is over because the Gulf of Maine cod migrated there. The scientists will dispute this fact. But an old fisherman in Newfoundland has said, he’s not seen fish like he’s seeing now in almost fifty years!
I can tell you right now, the fishermen from both countries know the score.
The scientists have not acknowledged this shift because of the computer models.
The two most important parts have been left out of the modeling, temperature, and predator/prey.
Those two omissions rob fishermen of the truth, and cause management to be flawed
This gives a good picture.
Mr. John Bullard, Dr. Bill Karp, Gene Martin, Esq., Gentlemen, I am addressing these comments to you and not the council because I believe you are the people that have to address the issue. From my perspective, as a scientist, NOAA committed two unpardonable sins with its press release on Gulf of Maine cod on August 1. Science was replaced with advocacy that day when statements were made about the condition of cod, and that immediate action must be taken after a secret, experimental stock status update before peer review http://fisherynation.com/letters

markl
Reply to  borehead
October 10, 2014 6:59 pm

You answered your own question…..poor fish management is to blame.

Reply to  markl
October 10, 2014 7:19 pm

I didn’t ask a question. I told you, (since you read it, I appreciate that) what has happened in New England and Newfoundland. This is not theory, its fact. If you choose to label setting catch limits using the best available science, (its not, but the government controls it, while Magnuson Stevens dictates it), with a fleet that has under fished bad management, I’d have to disagree.
The ones that would agree, the eco quackeroos of Pew, and CLF (the two Peters) cannot have it both ways. They are using climate as a reason to build off shore wind farms, close more bottom to fishing for “conservation” (causing localized depletion), and ignoring eco logical issues.
Also, while the cod take a powder, Black Sea Bass are moving in. Not good news for small lobster. They eat them like popcorn. Maine wants to start managing them. Setting catch limits! The next crisis will be lobster in the Gulf of Maine!
That link is a letter written by a fisherman that sat on the council for a nuber of years. Hes a very smart man. John Bullard is the Regional Admin of NMFS. Bill Karp is the head of the Northeast Science Center.

markl
Reply to  borehead
October 10, 2014 7:53 pm

I stand corrected, you did not ask a question. Not understanding where stock might move is poor fish management. It happens. Saying AGW caused the fish to move is BS.

Reply to  markl
October 11, 2014 6:12 am

Well markl, I’m not a fan of this blog because I believe in the warming BS.
I’m also not saying this situation that I’ve brought up is a once in a lifetime, permanent event. There’s been boom and bust in the fisheries forever. These are natural events.
Facts is facts though, and its fact that this has occurred!
Chesapeake Blue Crab in Yarmouth Nova Scotia? Really!
Squid in the Gulf of Maine, usually found to the southward? Really.
Lots of kooky shit has happened. The premise that fish have moved towards the poles seems correct, however, is it permanent? I doubt it.
Already seeing changes because of last winters severity.
As far as your poor management dogma, You sound like a enviro quackeroo that believes the ocean is a fish tank in the living room.
Fish and Future
That fish is good for us is indisputable. Doubts today are planted as to whether fish will always be with us. Are not most commercial species of fish depleted? Yes, in part. But this answer does not look at the entire biomass. While some species are depleted, others are superabundant. Scary headlines insist that cod and other bottom fish are depleted; yet, mackerel and herring – the pelagics that live in the middle of the water column – are still superabundant.
It is only by looking at the entire biomass and the relationships among predators and preys that we might be able to find lasting and equitable solutions to the future physical utilization of the harbor. So far, we have identified one major predator-prey relationship: bottom fish and pelagics are in such a relationship. This is clearly visible as soon as one abandons the static, linear, pyramidal conception of the biomass. Predators are not always predators and preys are not always preys. At times predators become preys and vice versa.
http://fisherynation.com/fish-future

Jimbo
Reply to  borehead
October 10, 2014 11:03 pm

I hear warmer water caused a glut of lobsters in recent years. Climate change is a funny old thing.

7 August 2013
The Maine lobster industry is being crippled by a glut of supply that many attribute to climate change, sending the price per pound plummeting and turning the crustacean into something it has rarely been before: affordable.
http://www.cnbc.com/id/100947459
==============
July 28, 2012
In Maine, More Lobsters Than They Know What to Do With
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/29/us/in-maine-fishermen-struggle-with-glut-of-lobsters.html?_r=0

Something odd with cod.

Dr. Tim Ball
The Canadian Department of Fisheries used similar declining cod population numbers on the East Coast to stop the cod fishery completely. This devastated the Province of Newfoundland, because it was akin to going to Kansas and saying you can’t grow wheat anymore. It also led to closing many “outport” communities and moving the people to bigger centers, disrupting centuries old cultures and traditions. The frustration for Oceanographer, Roger Pocklington and I, was, we were monitoring ocean water temperatures and their causes and warning Ottawa that cod numbers were going to decline because of changing conditions. Nobody listened! A complete way of life was destroyed unnecessarily, because the cod moved to inshore waters and out into warming Gulf Stream waters where Europeans continued to catch them.
http://drtimball.com/2014/salmon-climate-and-accountability/

Reply to  Jimbo
October 11, 2014 6:27 am

It had a dramatic effect on lobster in the past few years. The warmer temps in the Gulf of Maine caused a massive shedding event. Two years worth of glut in the supply. Following last winter, which was colder ‘n a witches tit, these years lobster harvest was a lot more like it usually is.
Maine’s lobster industry feeling pain of slow start – Some say the crustaceans are ‘back on the old time clock’
http://fisherynation.com/archives/26446
As far as Cod go, they are having a cod renaissance in Canada, Some look at it as a crisis. Cod is cheap, they don’t have a market for it, following the dismantling of the industry in 1992, and they are scared to death that the cod will eat all the crab and shrimp they get top dollar for.
Pages of lobster articles here: http://fisherynation.com/?s=lobster
Canadian fishermen are very concerned that our refugees from the Gulf of Maine will eat the shrimp and crab stocks that they prefer to catch because of value, and not to mention the infrastructure to catch and process cod has vanished, while those same codfish are worth about .70 cents ex vessel price. Our bad boys are not welcome there, but, Nature prevails!
An earlier post, Does Newfoundland Fisherman Tony Doyle have the answer NOAA Doesn’t?
It’s a huge mystery to NOAA scientists. Where have the fish gone? The ENGO bunch seems happy to say that the New England fishing fleet has depleted the resource. Is that true, or have they done what the fishermen have said? They moved? Newfoundland Fisherman Tony Doyle says as far as ground fish go, he’s never seen anything like it in forty years of fishing! Listen to this audio, and key the broadcast to 13:40. His interview starts at 07:16 of the podcast. I enjoyed hearing his description!

October 10, 2014 4:53 pm

“Stupid Flounders” :Homer Simpson.
“Models Schmodels” : Me

Curious George
October 10, 2014 4:57 pm

I hope that none of these researchers suffers from malnutrition, and that they are generally OK.

Pamela Gray
October 10, 2014 5:05 pm

Now all they need is a teary eyed fish sitting all alone in a vast ocean, as described by a teary eyed starlet begging us for money lest the little fishies die from starvation.
What is it about watermelons that makes them work so hard to get us to look away from real life solvable problems!?!?!?!?! Remember when we were drilling fresh water wells so that kids in Africa weren’t getting sick with Giardia? Whatever happened to that? Oh. That’s right. We must conserve water for the fish.
Idiots

snopercod
October 10, 2014 5:08 pm

Wouldn’t this change the angular momentum of the Earth?

Mac the Knife
Reply to  snopercod
October 12, 2014 10:31 am

No…. but it will change the angler momentum.