Understanding the climate movement: the impotence of science.

Guest post by Dr Paul Rossiter.

Like many other ethical and well-meaning scientists, I am becoming increasingly frustrated with the climate “science” debate. By resorting to rigorous measurement and analysis of real data, we have a reasonable (but perhaps naïve) expectation that the facts will determine the outcome of the AGW argument. And yet, despite the huge amount of information available, much of it through sites such as WUWT, it appears that the popular debate is clearly being won by the alarmists. Seemingly reputable organisations like IPCC, WHO, WWF, NASA, NOAA, CSIRO, EPA keep issuing reports heralding pending climate doom that appear to be at odds with any unbiased examination of the facts. And when they do, they are immediately picked up by an opportunistic mainstream press and amplified through social media, leading to widespread fear amongst the population, clearly evident in the recent “strikes for the climate”. Ill-informed adolescents become the new Messiahs, preaching the climate doom gospel and given standing ovations in the fact-free climate gab-fests. School children are now the upset victims of corporate (i.e. fossil fuel) greed and government stupidity.

Governments are naturally sensitive to popular sentiment and, with the goal of remaining in power, they ride the wave through policy and spending settings. Behind all of this there are the opportunists, both private and corporate, fanning the flames for financial gain. Anyone who has the gall to express an opposing view is pilloried and even suffered potential personal and financial ruin through public humiliation and termination of employment. Free speech is no longer tolerated.

That the ethical scientific community appears to be losing the debate indicates that there are much more potent forces at play, both ideological and financial. It appears that the whole climate debate is little more than a convenient vehicle to push a deeper agenda. Scientific fact, of which there is much debate in WUWT, is little more than a bye-line.

While browsing through the introduction in a new book: The Madness of Crowds by Douglas Murray, a lot of the pieces started to fall into focus. Although this text is not directly concerned with climate issue (its main focus is gender and race), it became clear to me that the same powerful underlying social drivers were at work. The introduction includes the following:

We are going through a great crowd derangement. In public and in private, both online and off, people are behaving in ways that are increasingly irrational, feverish, herd-like and simply unpleasant. The daily news cycle is filled with the consequences. We see the symptom everywhere, we do not see the causes.

This is the simple fact that we have been living through a period of more than a quarter of a century in which all our grand narratives have collapsed.

The explanations for our existence that used to be provided by religion went first, falling away from the nineteenth century onwards. The over the last century the secular hopes held out by all political ideologies began to follow in religion’s wake. In the latter part of the twentieth century we entered the postmodern era. An era which defined itself, and was defined by, its suspicion to all grand narratives. However, as all schoolchildren learn, nature abhors a vacuum, and into the postmodern vacuum new ideas began to creep, with the intention of providing explanations and meanings of their own.

Whatever else they lacked, the grand narratives of the past gave life meaning. The question of what exactly we are meant to do now – other than get rich where we can and have whatever fun is on offer – was going to have to be answered by something.

The answer that has presented itself in recent years is to engage in new battles, ever fiercer campaigns and ever more niche demands. To find meaning by waging a constant war against anybody who seems to be on the wrong side of a question which may itself have just been reframed and the answer to which has just been altered.

The interpretation of the world through the lens of “social justice”, ‘identity groups and ‘intersectionalism’ is probably the most audacious and comprehensive effort since the end of the Cold War at creating a new ideology.

The speed at which they have been mainstreamed is staggering.

To me that begins to provide an understanding of the impotence of the “scientific” debate. We are not just battling scientific fraud, misrepresenting and cherry-picking data, we are up against a huge social dynamic, almost a new meaning for life no less!

Later in the book he states:

For most people some awareness of this new system has become clear not so much by trial and error as by very public error. Because one thing that everybody has begun to at least sense in recent years is that a set of tripwires has been laid across the culture. Sometimes a person’s foot has unwittingly nicked the tripwire and they have been immediately blown up. On other occasions people have watched some brave madman walking straight into no man’s land, fully aware of what they are doing. After each resulting detonation there is some disputation and then the world moves on, accepting that another victim has been notched up to the odd, apparently improvisatory value system of our time.

What everyone does know are the things that people will be called if their foot even nicks against these freshly laid tripwires. ‘Bigot’, homophobe’, ‘sexist’, ‘misogynist’, racist, and ‘transphobe’ are just for starters.

In our context, “climate denier” clearly needs to be added to the list.

He goes on:

The rights fights of our time have centered around these toxic and explosive issues. But in the process these rights issues have moved from being a product of a system to being the foundations of a new one. To demonstrate affiliation with the new system people must prove their credentials and their commitment.

This is how to demonstrate virtue in this new world.

Each of these issues is infinitely more complex and unstable than our societies are currently willing to admit. Which is why, put together as the foundation blocks of a new morality and metaphysics, they form the basis for a general madness. Indeed, a more unstable basis for social harmony could hardly be imagined.

If for no other reason than that each of these issues is a deeply unstable component in itself. We present each as agreed upon and settled. Yet while the endless contradictions, fabrication s and fantasies within each are visible to all, identifying them is not just discouraged but literally policed. And so we are asked to agree things which we cannot believe. It is the central cause of ugliness both online and real-life discussion.

That sounds very familiar in the climate debate! He then presents the case that there is an underlying ideology providing the energy and philosophy driving the whole movement: its Marxist foundations:

In 1911 a famous poster appeared, entitled ‘Industrial Workers of the World’, depicting what it claimed to be the ‘Pyramid of the Capitalist System’. At the bottom of the pyramid were the brave men, women and children of the working class. With their proud, sturdy yet struggling shoulders they were holding up the entire edifice. A floor above them, wining and dining in black tie and evening dresses were the well -off capital classes. Above them were the military, clergy, monarch and finally at the top was a great bag of money with dollar signs on the outside. ‘Capitalism’ was the label for this highest tier of State.

The embodiment of this philosophy in the current context is similarly rooted in ‘social justice’. Here the pyramid has been transformed into a new one with the virtuous victim at the bottom, bearing all the pain and anguish of the forecast climate change, the smug climate deniers at the next level and the bag of fossil fuel money at the top.

Murray goes on:

The purpose of large sections of academia had ceased to be exploration, discovery or dissemination of truth. The purpose had instead become the creation, nurture and propogandization of a particular, and peculiar, brand of politics. The purpose was not academia, but activism.

This was make-believe masquerading as science .

This movement has been incredibly successful since it is nurtured and propagated right through the education system by teachers and academics with a strong leaning to the political left. The power of this dynamic is the subject of another text: The Coddling of the American Mind by Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt. We are not just battling scientific fraud, but a whole system of leftist ideology deeply embedded throughout the entire education system.

Further:

One of the traits of the Marxist thinkers has always been that they do not stumble or self-question in the face of contradiction, as anybody aiming at the truth might. Marxists have always rushed to contradiction.

By contrast, anybody who got in the way of this direction of travel found themselves mown down with astonishing vigour. The weapons at hand (accusations of racism etc. (include climate denier)) were all too easy to wield and there was no price to pay for wielding them unfairly, unjustifiably or frivolously.

In the climate debate, this has been manifest in many ways: banning non-alarmist comment from print (e.g. The Guardian), TV (e.g. the BBC), live (banning guest presenters) and on-line platforms (e.g. the “The Conversation” site). It has also been manifest in stacking IPCC panels to exclude dissenting opinions and even “de-platforming” countries form the UN Climate summit (e.g. USA and Australia). Possibly the most offensive actions are discontinuing or sacking academics for expressing opinions that don’t toe the party line (e.g. Peter Ridd, Murry Salby, Bob Carter, Bjorn Lomborg, and others).

He then comments on the series of spoof articles submitted to social science journals and accepted after peer review. The same comments apply to much of the pseudo-science disseminated by the alarmists:

The spoofs made a number of deadly serious points. Not that just these areas of academic study had become playgrounds for frauds, but there was absolutely nothing that could not be said, studied or claimed so long as it fitted into the pre-existing theories and presumptions of the relevant fields and utilised its disastrous language.

He then looks at how the new ideology has propagated so quickly:

If the foundations of the new metaphysics are precarious and the presumptions that we are being asked to follow seem subtly wrong, then it is the addition into the mix of the communications revolution that is causing the conditions for the crowd madness. If we are already running in the wrong direction then tech helps us to run there exponentially faster.

Social media turns out to be a superlative way to embed new dogmas and crush contrary opinion just when you need to listen to them most.

Furthermore, it has now emerged that many such platforms have inbuilt bias to promote the agenda. This is manifest in the results of searches on platforms like Google which often exhibit bias to a particular point of view. Many are not just impartial sources of information but a cog in the whole mechanism of social change. Murray attributes this to the left-leaning academics and technologists that have built many of these platforms.

He finishes on a slightly depressing note:

People looking for this movement to wind down because of its inherent contradictions will be waiting a long time. Firstly because they are ignoring the Marxist sub-structure of much of this movement, and the inherent willingness to rush towards contradiction rather than notice all these nightmarish crashes suggests that it is really not interested in solving any of the problems that it claims to be interested in. It is expressed not in the manner of a critic hoping to improve, but as an enemy eager to destroy.

The new metaphysics includes a call to find meaning in this game: to struggle, and fight and campaign and ‘ally’ ourselves with people in order to reach that promised land. In an era without purpose, and in a universe without clear meaning, this call to politicize everything and then fight for it has an undoubted attraction. It fills life with meaning, of a kind. Politics may be an important aspect of our lives, but as a source of personal meaning it is disastrous. Not just because the ambitions it strives after nearly always go unachieved, but because finding purpose in politics laces politics with a passion – including rage – that perverts the whole enterprise. If two people are in disagreement about something important, they may disagree amicably as they like if it is just a matter of getting to the truth or the most amenable option. But if one party finds their whole purpose in life to reside in some aspect of that disagreement, then the chances of amicability fade fast and the likelihood of reaching any truth recedes.

There are very powerful agencies driving this agenda, both at the national level: left vs right political parties vying for control, as well as bodies such as the UN and EU striving for global influence. Just how the powerful Green/Left protagonists managed to infiltrate key political positions in Europe and the U.S. and to establish (or gain control of) institutions that gave them unquestioned authority over the subject is described in considerable detail in Rupert Darwall’s two books The Age of Global Warming: A history and Green Tyranny: Exposing the totalitarian Roots of the Climate Industrial Complex.

And let’s not forget to “follow the money”, whether this be noble cause corruption, often driven by wealthy donors lurking in the background, or financial opportunism based upon corporate profit or just pure greed. The personal fortunes amassed by people such as Al Gore must be a powerful driver, as must the need by Directors to sustain government –funded scientific organizations.

History has taught that such great socialist vs conservative struggles have often led to wars. Given that the “climate crisis” is little more than a Trojan horse for such global social upheaval, it is clear that the science debate will, by itself, be totally impotent in determining the outcome. Simply debating the merit of some fine scientific point, while a necessary part of the scientific method, will not lead to resolution of the AGW argument (which is where I came in) or indeed the grander scheme of things. Science itself will just be collateral damage but those from the Green/Left will probably not be too concerned.

My background:

PhD in Physics from Monash University.

Over 60 scientific publications in refereed journals, 4 book chapters in scientific tomes and a book for Cambridge Press.

Was Head of the Department of Materials Engineering at Monash, then Deputy Vice-Chancellor in charge of Research and Development at Curtin University of Technology. I have run my own consulting company and also a small manufacturing business.

Was Fellow of The Australian Institute of Physics and Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Australia.

Now retired.

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sonofametman
September 27, 2019 4:59 am

A factor I see is people being wary of being seen to disagree with the herd. My wife can’t understand why I don’t ‘go along with it’ and has social anxieties due to my being recognised as a ‘climate denier’. On one of the few occasions where I have spoken to any of my wife’s friends about ‘climate change’ the response was one of first shock, and then ‘not up for discussion’ . This to me seems like a side-effect of the general culture of political correctness. If your opinions aren’t in the script from the left-(not very)liberal consensus, you are simply a non-person and a legitimate target. The people with the ‘correct’ opinions are so arrogant and sure of themselves, they regard people with contrary opinions as somehow lesser beings. I had a house-guest when we were on holiday take me to task for reading the Spectator on the basis that it’s ‘right wing’. I didn’t let it bother me, but I would never have had the bad manners to criticise his choice of reading material.
I recently met a pleasant chap who works for a company that runs gas and coal powered generators in the UK and abroad. I remarked ‘Ah, proper power!’, to which he was almost apologetic, “Err, it’s not very clean…”. It was almost as if he were conditioned to be ashamed of his company’s work by the public hysteria. In a rational world he’d be proud rather than cringing.

Paul Penrose
September 27, 2019 10:17 am

I think a big part of the reason people want to believe in catastrophes is because, by all objective measures, mankind has never had it better. And people are having trouble believing that it can last. The are “waiting for the other shoe to drop”, and while they “hope for the best”, they “expect the worst.” These common sayings reveal a dark fatalism built into the species. How can someone even recognize good news when they are expecting the worst? Believing catastrophic predictions is easy with this mindset.

StephenP
September 27, 2019 10:19 am

Today I was very surprised by a BBC radio programme called The Corrections, which looks at the part played by the MSM in pushing out inaccurate news items.

“The Corrections re-visits four new stories which left the public with an incomplete picture about what really happened. In 2013 the West Sussex village of Balcombe was the site of a showdown between anti-fracking protesters and the energy company Cuadrilla. Fracking – or hydraulic fracturing – involves pumping water, sand and chemicals into rock at high pressure to fracture it and release oil or gas that’s trapped there. It’s controversial. But, in fact, there was no fracking in Balcombe that summer. So why did the “battle” there become such a significant national news story?”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0008r5b

No doubts heads will roll at the BBC, as they say in the programme that there was opposition even before the programme went out.

It is well worth listening to, although I don’t know whether it is restricted to UK listeners.

Bruce Cobb
September 27, 2019 10:50 am

Reminds me of the Oscar Wilde play, “The Impotence of Being Bert and Ernie”.

September 27, 2019 10:54 am

Hence the worst nightmare of the alarmists would be to discover that increasing CO2 levels will be benign and beneficial to mankind. They so want catastrophic climate change to be true that any contrary information is anathema. I see it in my leftist acquaintances. Please don’t confuse me with facts (hands over ears). Vast majority of scientists, 97 percent etc. Don’t ruin my day with good tidings.

Joe Crawford
September 27, 2019 11:24 am

All I can say is: “Dr Paul Rossiter, It makes sense to me. Thank you for posting it.”

September 27, 2019 12:52 pm

History, unfortunately, repeats itself. The dark ages, centuries of religious intolerance and rigid control over the populace, must have started with a period remarkably like the last couple of decades. I’m afraid it’s going to get a lot worse before things improve.

The price we’ve paid for allowing countless school boards and university administrations to eliminate science instruction in favor of this religion is enormous. That, combined with intolerable levels of debt… it’s not looking good for our children.

I’m afraid an electrical grid consisting of solar panels, crumbling wind turbines and potato batteries is not going to be enough to keep them connected to whatever the Kardashians are doing on Instagram all that much longer.

Joe Crawford
Reply to  Joe Gordon
September 27, 2019 4:04 pm

Joe, your first two paragraphs are pretty close to what is happening today. I think I could also make a pretty good case that the primary cause of the dark ages (there have actually been several) is when too much scientific knowledge filters down to the populace too fast and they react by falling back to fundamentalist religion. And, sorry to say, they then eliminate the intelligentsia and the scientists or at a minimum exile them off to re-education camps followed by some form of theocracy or dictatorship. Change has to be very gradual for a society to survive and prosper and both the internet and social media have essentially made that impossible. So, my guess is unless someone figures out how to rein in social media and the internet and reinstitute critical thinking in our education system we’re headed for another dark ages.

observa
Reply to  Joe Crawford
September 27, 2019 5:48 pm

Just don’t troll their social media icons OK-
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/world/why-greta-thunberg-triggers-the-troglodytes-among-us/ar-AAHWRO4
Another leftist media hack weaves the usual drivel paradigm into the simple fact they’re really worshipping a tanty brainwashed child with problems and no science to speak of. It’s what they do.

bruce
September 27, 2019 7:15 pm

As in science, so also in history: correlation is NOT proof of causation.

The fact that early Marxists echoed a lot of liberal ‘social justice’ themes which had been current since the French Revolution and British lower class justice movements (which Marx was commenting on because they preceded him) certainly does not show that he started them, obviously.

The Catholic Church actually played a major role in spreading ‘social justice’ ideas starting with Rerum Novarum:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rerum_novarum

which led to European ‘Christian Democracy’ movements. Later Catholic opposition to ‘communism’ obscures the closeness of the original ideas. This was natural as the Church consisted mostly of Irish and non-Anglo congregations who suffered under the 19th Century WASP ascendency (and had reduced its ties to European elites after the French Revolution).

Studied in context, ‘Marxism’ is a very minor player in these social upheavals – easily proven by how very conservative the Soviet Union was within its borders and how quickly they reverted to very conservative societies – for example the main resistance to Merkel’s globalising comes from former communist East Germany, while even she arose among ‘Christian Democrats’ – Marxism can be seen as peripheral. Same in China which is essential a traditional Confucian society with modern Marxist terminology grafted on. Mao even fought Soviet domination because he stood for Chinese exceptionalism i.e. patriotism. Marxism does not seem to have cause anything lasting in either case: except economic development!

But I know I’m pissing into the wind and yet another herd mentality (‘right wing’ this time) will ‘lynch the Marxists’ or whatever. I agree with the idea that we live in a time of irrational herds of people, almost like cattle really. At least Marx studying the French Revolution had a theory about that. Otherwise no one seems to have much of a clue and will blame the messenger when they misunderstand the message (including those who claim to be on his side but use him to manipulate people).

Roger Knights
Reply to  bruce
September 28, 2019 5:13 am

: I agree that “Marxism” isn’t the root of today’s crusading single-vision visionaries. Egalitarianism goes way back, as does fraternalism. Even further back is the extremist mind-set. That’s what predatory animals have. That’s what is being described by Rossiter in the book he cites.

September 27, 2019 8:55 pm

I would like to know what the evidence that this improves anything. The source is https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/sources_v3/gistemp.html

A grid of cells is selected (8000 equal area cells covering the globe, see note
below), and for each cell a composite series is computed from station records within 1200 km
of the cell center. Each contributing record is weighted according to its distance from the
cell center, linearly decreasing to 0 at a distance of 1200 km.

Also this, in step 2 of the GISTEMP python code:

This step performs a trend adjustment to those stations identified as
urban. An urban station must meet various criteria to have its trend
adjusted (there must be sufficient nearby rural stations and their
combined record must have enough overlap with the urban station); if an
urban station does not meet the criteria, it is discarded.

And this:

Takes an iterator of station records and applies an adjustment
to urban stations to compensate for urban temperature effects.
Returns an iterator of station records. Rural stations are passed
unchanged. Urban stations which cannot be adjusted are discarded.

This seems to contradict the Berkeley Earth web pages, which state:

The “urban heat island” effect is real, but it has not had a significant impact on global temperatures since 1950.

If UHI is real, but has not had a significant impact on global temperatures since 1950 (an oddly specific statement), why does the GISTEMP Python code apply an adjustment to urban stations specifically for that reason?

Here is the algorithm for the “unneeded” urban adjustment:

For each urban station:
1. Find all the rural stations within a fixed radius;
2. Combine the annual anomaly series for those rural stations, in
order of valid-data count;
3. Calculate a two-part linear fit for the difference between
the urban annual anomalies and this combined rural annual anomaly;
4. If this fit is satisfactory, apply it; otherwise apply a linear fit.

If there are not enough nearby rural stations, or the combined
rural record does not have enough overlap with the urban
record, try a second time for this urban station, with a
larger radius. If there is still not enough data, discard the
urban station.

“If the fit is satisfactory.” “Calculate a two-part linear fit for the difference between the urban annual anomalies and this combined rural annual anomaly.” “If there is still not enough [rural] data, discard the urban station.”

How were these adjustments tested to prove they were better than just straight station averaging? What kind of test data was used? I’ve read parts of the original 1989 Hansen et al paper, and as far as I can see, these adjustments and grid weighting schemes were merely proclaimed to be the way it would be done. What was the experiment design that demonstrated this method to be the best for getting global average anomalies?

Lots of unanswered questions. Where are the answers?

Clyde Spencer
Reply to  James Schrumpf
September 27, 2019 9:20 pm

James Schrumpf
I think that the anomaly averages that are calculated should be weighted with distance or inverse-square distance weights. I don’t know that that is what is done.

Reply to  Clyde Spencer
September 28, 2019 5:30 pm

Isn’t that in the first box of my post:

A grid of cells is selected (8000 equal area cells covering the globe, see note below), and for each cell a composite series is computed from station records within 1200 km of the cell center. Each contributing record is weighted according to its distance from the cell center, linearly decreasing to 0 at a distance of 1200 km

Jim Whiting
September 28, 2019 2:31 pm

Splendid article, suitably depressing. As one more example, this comment below has been “detected as spam” by the Disqus algorithm on multiple sites. It lasts only a few minutes.
>>It has been a recurring incantation that climate is a chaotic non-linear dynamic system. This has been presented as a challenge for us to eliminate the uncertainties and come to a satisfactory understanding allowing reliable predictions and determinations of causality.

There are recurring murmurs that the uncertainty is not only in the details of the data, but in the process itself. And this has been shown to be correct by a careful statistical analysis comparing temperature and precipitation records at multiple sites in the world and in the USA with the predictions of prestigious climate models* (GCM). All stations spanned at least 100 years of data.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02626667.2010.513518
Stations selected for (a) temperature (b) precipitation.

Scientists at the U of Athens, Greece presented their findings and concluded:
“Besides confirming the findings of a previous assessment study that model projections at point scale are poor, results show that the spatially integrated projections are also poor…In a large number of stations, the correlation coefficient has low or even negative values for both temperature and precipitation…At all stations examined, there is not a single model run that successfully reproduces the time series of all variables examined…At the Durban station, South Africa, not a single model output shows the 1.5°C fall in mean annual temperature during 1920–1960; instead, all model outputs show a constant increase…

We think that the most important question is not whether GCMs can produce credible estimates of future climate, but whether climate is at all predictable in deterministic terms. Several publications, a typical example being Rial et al. point out the difficulties that the climate system complexity introduces when we attempt to make predictions. “Complexity” in this context usually refers to the fact that there are many parts comprising the system and many interactions among these parts. This observation is correct, but we take it a step further. We think that it is not merely a matter of high dimensionality, and that it can be misleading to assume that the uncertainty can be reduced if we analyse its “sources” as nonlinearities, feedbacks, thresholds, etc., and attempt to establish causality relationships.”

As a species we are very uncomfortable with uncertainty and we are willing to believe the most arrant nonsense in order to decrease and hopefully eliminate it. As C.S. Peirce said, “It is easy to be certain. One has only to be sufficiently vague.”
(So as information content diminishes, certitude increases until finally, at the limit, we can be absolutely certain about nothing. Thus the attraction of Zen Buddhism.)

Scientists are supposed to be inherently comfortable with uncertainty. And many are, as long as it does not interfere with funding. Thus we note the often profound differences, in scientific papers that have material importance, between the cautious and qualified conclusions and the Summary for Executive Action. Others are simply not immune to the incompatibility of uncertainty with emotional equilibrium.<<

Jim Whiting
Reply to  Jim Whiting
September 29, 2019 10:55 am

Has anyone else had that experience with Disqus, with skeptical comments on AGW being deleted as spam?

James Dill
September 29, 2019 5:28 am

Things to consider after reading the article and accompanying comments:
1) There have been many millenarian movements in human history, they almost always end in violence.
2) The effective reach of the warming hysteria is the anglosphere (including the EU), from the eastern border of the EU to the Pacific it is for practical purposes ignored as it is in Africa and South America.
3) Because of the second point the deleterious economic and social effects will be largely localized to the anglosphere.
4) The tolerance of people in the developed world for large losses to their living standard I expect will be low.
5) EVERYONE can read a thermometer and experience winter which may be a reality check.

https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-worlds-coal-power-plants

Jim Whiting
Reply to  James Dill
September 29, 2019 11:05 am

Right on. On that subject, this is worth reading: https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2019/06/perils-human-imagination — discussing the thought that ideas can be very powerful, and most ideas are bad. I assume that means 51% or more. John Gray, the reviewer of the book is a powerful intellect.

shortus cynicus
Reply to  Jim Whiting
September 29, 2019 11:44 am

Couldn’t spot any intellectual content on that site.
NewStatesman, as i can see, is far left echo chamber, full of typical chaotic content decorated with became-rich-quickly click baits.

What else can we expect from a site making articles titled “Our biggest political crisis isn’t Boris Johnson: it’s a warming planet”

Jim Whiting
Reply to  shortus cynicus
September 29, 2019 11:53 am

John Gray is a sound thinker, no matter where he publishes. I note you don’t reply to his review of / criticism of the book. Perhaps you’re not a sound thinker.