The UK heat pumps scandal has gone on for too long. End subsidies now

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood

h/t Ian Magness/Paul Kolk

Anyone for free money? Yes, as the Prime Minister discovered when he was offering to pay for our pub lunch under the Eat Out to Help Out scheme. But his marketing genius seems to have deserted him when it comes to the seemingly more generous offer of thousands of pounds for a heat pump.

Even with an increase in the grant from £5,000 to £7,500 per installation, the Boiler Upgrade Scheme has failed to capture the imagination of the British public. In the first two years of the scheme only £127 million out of a possible £300 million of grants have been taken up. Between May 2022, when the subsidies were introduced, and December last year just 18,900 heat pumps were installed – compared with 1.5 million new gas boilers.

And no, it isn’t because the gas boiler industry has poisoned our minds with anti-heat pump propaganda, as the green lobby would have it. Rather it comes down to basic economics. A £7,500 grant doesn’t seem such a good deal when it comes in the form of a discount on something which remains fantastically expensive even after the grant is taken into account.

The justification for subsidising heat pumps was supposed to be that it would allow the industry to reach a larger scale and thus bring down costs. But that doesn’t seem to be happening. I first obtained a quote for a heat pump for my home in 2010, when it was going to cost £10,000. True, some things come down in price when they move from being a niche product to a mass market one, but it is foolish to assume that all new technologies will go this way.

Moreover, with heat pumps there is the added problem of their questionable effectiveness in older properties. Some people seem to like them, while others have splashed out many thousands still find themselves shivering in a lukewarm home.

So what exactly is the incentive for homeowners to rip out a gas boiler and replace it with a heat pump? One of the reasons you might do it is that you are concerned about climate change and want to make your own personal gesture. Is that what taxpayers are subsidising: middle class guilt? Paying £7,500 a time to help quite well off people feel better about themselves.

At least Rishi Sunak’s subsidised pub lunches ended after a month. At some point he and his colleagues are going to have to ask themselves: how much longer are we prepared to sink public money into propping up an industry whose products show little sign of being able to achieve mass appeal on their own merits? 

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/04/15/heat-pumps-scandal-has-gone-on-for-too-long-end-subsidies

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3x2
April 15, 2024 10:20 pm

I don’t think you have the full measure of these idiots.

They are great, everyone will want one ✗

How about we pay people to have them ✗

We could fine industry for not selling enough of them ✗

How about we make alternatives illegal ….

Bill Toland
April 15, 2024 11:39 pm

The problem with heat pumps is the same problem with electric cars. They are inferior products at a higher price.

Sparta Nova 4
Reply to  Bill Toland
April 16, 2024 10:14 am

Heat pumps, like EVs have their place, but there are many places where they both are bad choices.
A heat pump, for example, in the higher latitudes would operate primarily on resistive heating elements and that burns a lot of electricity.

An EV in higher latitudes just will not drive or charge in the cold weather.

Back in the days when I played golf, we drove electric golf carts. Fine weather, not spoiled by exhaust and noise, made for a great outing. Those EVs ran on lead-acid car batteries and could only get up to about 10 mph, max.

EVs in places where neither heat nor cold are the determining factor work well in urban areas. The infrastructure is there for recharging, high speed is not needed, less pollution, less noise, etc.

The trick is to use a given technology where it makes sense based.

This business of trying to have a one size fit all in every place just can’t work.

Dave Fair
Reply to  Sparta Nova 4
April 16, 2024 10:35 am

You describe central government planning (any governmental industrial policy) exactly. It is why socialism fails everywhere it is tried. With government all decisions are ideological/political, divorced from reality and what consumers actually desire.

Mr.
Reply to  Sparta Nova 4
April 16, 2024 11:53 am

Yes.
It’s fairly well explained here by Ron Bamby, a Canadian engineer –

https://climatechangedispatch.com/when-and-why-heat-pumps-suck/

Reply to  Sparta Nova 4
April 16, 2024 4:13 pm

If some HPs have “their place” no subsidies would be required.

But, almost all HPs DO NOT HAVE THEIR PLACE, hence subsidies are required

April 16, 2024 1:30 am

All one has to do is look at spec fine print that is probably hidden or not provided.

Guaranteed min BTU out at -10C or abouts. Almost nothing. They need full backup.

Anyone who hides this should be criminally charged.

Adam
Reply to  Devils Tower
April 16, 2024 4:00 am

Installation is a big cost. With mini splits you have to have power to the outdoor unit run. The drain lines need to run downhill. If they are not on exterior wall, you have to figure out how to make that happen. I had 5 Mitsubishi (no WiFi) installed for 25k in the US. I have a structure off my garage that I might try the DIY on, but still probably need an electrician for some of it.

Reply to  Adam
April 16, 2024 6:46 am

So what do the specs for your units say the guaranteed minimum output at coldest tempatures are?

Or were you even given them?

Gregg Eshelman
April 16, 2024 1:40 am

I searched for heat pump on Temu. Mini splits 18K BTU for $586 and $549, 12K for $434 and $400, 9K for $400. I don’t know if any of those have WiFi control support. There are other brands made in China for $1,000 USD or less than do have it. I got a non-DIY Mr. Cool 18K BTU for under $2000.

With a 5000 to 7500 pound subsidy, how badly is the UK HVAC industry ripping people off on the heat pumps and installation? Do they have it so homeowners are banned from doing their own HVAC? In most US States, people can do all their own HVAC, plumbing, and electrical and everything else on their own residence.

Archer
Reply to  Gregg Eshelman
April 16, 2024 2:43 am

These aren’t HVAC. HVAC would be sensible. These are used solely to replace a gas combination water boiler, which is used to heat a water central heating system as well as the hot water supply. This means that, at a minimum, you also need to install a water heating tank with a supplemental electric heating coil and an insulated storage header tank. You also most likely have to replace all the pipework in the house with wider bore pipes to account for the lower pressure, and all of the radiators to account for the lower temperature. It is an extreme structural upgrade.

You can’t use them for AC, you can’t use them to circulate air, or to cool your home in the summer. They make your water tepid and that’s about it.

One of the great lies at work here is that a heat pump used for HVAC is a cause of tremendous carbon emissions, and therefore evil, but the same exact system becomes a net good and a sign of virtue when used to ineffectively warm up water.

Fran
Reply to  Archer
April 16, 2024 12:54 pm

Tepid water = bacterial growth in hot water systems.

DavsS
Reply to  Gregg Eshelman
April 16, 2024 5:46 am

UK building regulations do restrict what you can (or are supposed) to do with electrics. With certain electrical work, when you come to sell your house you are likely to be asked to provide evidence that it was done by an appropriately qualified electrician. I suspect – though happy to stand corrected if anyone knows better – that installing a heat pump will fall into that category.

As to being ripped off, a cynic might suspect that the asking price has expanded to fit the subsidy…

Archer
Reply to  DavsS
April 16, 2024 7:03 am

The state of the electrical wiring, including Part-P notifiable work, doesn’t currently have to be reported in the information pack for a house sale and it is unlikely an estate agent will ask for it off their own bat. If they do ask, you say it was like that when you moved in. Last time I moved, two years ago, I went out of my way to get an eicr for the place I was selling. It failed completely (in a safe manner, before you ask; it was simply so old that it couldn’t comply with the regulations), so I just didn’t mention it.

Reply to  Gregg Eshelman
April 16, 2024 10:24 am

common sense would be just to add the mini-split (for less than 5K) and leave the rest.

(but that would only work if heat/energy from the electric system was cheaper than heat/energy from the gas system).

And, typically anywhere, rebates or subsidies are only provided when installed by approved contractors.

rhexenor
April 16, 2024 1:46 am

I live in a detached 3 bed house built in the 1920s here in the UK. 6 years ago I looked into changing from my oil fired boiler to a heat pump. I had 2 different companies survey my house with a view to providing a quote, one gave me a ball park figure of £16k at the time of the survey, pending the submission of a formal quote. In the end neither company came back to me with a quote, I suspect both because of the high cost and also because they probably recognised that a heat pump wouldn’t perform sufficiently well enough anyway.

Robertvd
April 16, 2024 2:54 am

Government subsidies are other people’s (and yours) taxes or government dept = money printing = inflation = your money losing purchasing power. For something you don’t need. Sounds like a lose lose race to the bottom.

Corrigenda
April 16, 2024 3:43 am

What they forget:

  • The real installation cost is (currently) often around £30,000, The grants are useless.
  • Water temperature is low so all hot water for bathrooms etc has thereafter to be heated by electricity
  • To make all rooms warm enough at the lower water temperature all radiators may need to be replaced with much bigger ones.- often needing some re-piping and reducing room volume.
  • Boiler on-off times may also need to be changed to permit heating the house to the same temperatures and times as previously.
  • Noise is particularly problematic unless you have a large isolated garden. Owners of terraced housing simply need not even consider the idea.
  • Required outside space needs more than just that for the heater and with little or no hiding from plants etc.
  • Not always but frequently, the required electrical works are expensive or even the trigger for a rewire – another£10k,
nyeevknoit
April 16, 2024 4:08 am

It’s about Heat loss! No mention of adding insulation, if possible, or infiltration control. No mention of heat loss calculations to determine how much heating capacity must be available for the coldest day.
The idea of heating essentially an uninsulated building, as shown, is a misapplication…and gross ignorance (deceit!) of what it takes to heat any building to comfort levels.
A heat pump is a high efficiency low temperature, humidity management system. For small heating loads.
A heat pump works great for well insulated buildings, with low infiltration, and smaller, fewer windows.
Insulate and conserve first. Reduce heating requirement first.
Then apply most efficient, lowest cost heating system.
Or dress warmer.

Dandersan
April 16, 2024 4:29 am

In Sweden Heatpumps are common. With no subsidence.
We have a house that is heated with an air to air pump. I bought a new last year. And it has a payoff time of less than 5 Years, as it saves ca 50% of heating electricity, down to 8000 KWh/ Year.
Watts the problem in GB?

Reply to  Dandersan
April 16, 2024 4:59 am

Sweden has high efficiency housing?

Archer
Reply to  Dandersan
April 16, 2024 5:34 am

As I said above, the problem is that they’re being used to heat water. When you see “heat pump” in any discussion like this, don’t think of HVAC, because that isn’t what is referred to. “Heat pump” has become a propaganda term, used to disguise the fact that these water warmers employ the same technology as HVAC systems, because they don’t want people to associate them with HVAC, which the media and political establishment have spent the last twenty-plus years demonising as a chief cause of dreaded carbon pollution.

Dave Andrews
Reply to  Dandersan
April 16, 2024 8:34 am

UK has almost 5m terraced houses built before 1919 and a further 3.5m built before 1944.I imagine your house is built to a much higher standard of insulation than these old UK houses

Rick C
Reply to  Dandersan
April 16, 2024 7:03 pm

Heat pumps installed in cold climates almost always have sufficient built-in resistance heating elements to meet cold weather demand. If electricity is not too expensive – say lots of hydro and nukes – and fossil fuels are expensive (or highly taxed) HPs may make sense. But high installation costs in old buildings can easily make payback in a reasonable time frame impossible.

Amos E. Stone
April 16, 2024 4:43 am

Somewhat on topic, since this article is about the UK. This petition currently only needs another few hundred signatures before the government needs to respond. The response will be Shut up and eat your bugs but the message can still be sent!
Repeal the Climate Change Act 2008 and Net Zero targets
We consider that Parliament must revoke The Climate Change Act 2008 and related Net Zero targets as since 2008 when the The Climate Change Act became law many hundreds of scientists up to the highest Nobel Laureate level have jointly declared “There is no climate emergency”.

We believe the Climate Change Act 2008 and related Net Zero targets are both now in effect based on just one side of a two-sided scientific debate as we do not consider there to be a scientific consensus on the hypothesis of human emissions causing climate change. We consider that one side only of a two-sided scientific debate is not an acceptable basis for significant legislation that could have major impacts of the UK’s economy and citizens. We want the issue of Climate Change to be reconsidered from scratch based on views and evidence from all sides.
Sign this petition

Scarecrow Repair
April 16, 2024 6:18 am

I would like to ask a semi-ignorant question: what is it with using boilers for heating? Where I live (western US mountains), natural gas and propane furnaces are common, plus wood stoves in the boonies. There are a few houses with hot water circulating in floors. But I don’t know of any houses using actual boilers for heating. Tank water heaters, sure, but that’s for washing, not heating, and they sure don’t boil.

Archer
Reply to  Scarecrow Repair
April 16, 2024 7:09 am

It’s called a boiler because it can, not because it does. The original “boiler” was in fact a tank that heated water to near boiling-point to supply a hot steam pipe heating system, which you would typically see in very old buildings (like my old school, which had huge cast iron pipes around the foot of the walls in every room). The technology changed and shrank for domestic central heating systems, but the name stuck. They don’t typically get above 70-80C for the central heating and usually not above 50 for the taps.

Scarecrow Repair
Reply to  Archer
April 16, 2024 10:15 am

Thanks. I wonder how it compares in efficiency to furnaces. I suspect it’s fine in cold weather, where you always want room heating. But in summer, surely you’d want to shut off the room heat circulation.

And it must work, since so many people use it.

bobpjones
Reply to  Scarecrow Repair
April 16, 2024 11:31 am

Long ago, many UK houses had a hot water tank, installed in the back of the chimney breast. The fire heated the water, if the fire was too big, the tank would start to boil, and we’d have to run off some of the hot water.

Peter K
April 16, 2024 8:05 am

Fridge, e.g. simple heat pump 0.3kW is around 200Eur, heating capable AC, 3,5kW is around 1000Eur. Why should I pay 10k or 20k for some heat pump with similar size, material need? It is same scheme here, final price equals overpriced price without subsidy plus subsidy.
I have heating AC at home and it is fine, spring and fall it is generating heat from my solar electricity. Pays itself in around 5 years.

Archer
Reply to  Peter K
April 16, 2024 9:46 am

Read my explanation up-thread.

Peter K
Reply to  Archer
April 17, 2024 12:30 am

Yes I read and I agree with you. Here usual upgrade is from gas water heating system, so all piping is already done. So it is most of cases just switch from gas unit to heat pump unit.
About tepid water, I spoke with friend which is installing AC’s and heat pump units and he told me, that in spite of AC’s heat pumps must always have 60C/140F on the output to be able to heat hot water enough. That means their compressor is working with higher pressures than AC and that means more wear and less efficiency. Still not answering why I should pay like 8k for 5kW heat pump unit, where same size 5kW AC unit costs around 2k.

April 16, 2024 8:17 am

HEAT PUMPS ARE MONEY LOSERS IN MY VERMONT HOUSE, AS THEY ARE IN ALMOST ALL NEW ENGLAND HOUSES
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/heat-pumps-are-money-losers-in-my-vermont-house-as-they-are-in

My Experience with HPs in my Well-Insulated, Well-Sealed House

I installed three heat pumps by Mitsubishi, rated 24,000 Btu/h at 47F, Model MXZ-2C24NAHZ2, each with 2 heads, each with remote control; 2 in the living room, 1 in the kitchen, and 1 in each of 3 bedrooms. 
The HPs have DC variable-speed, motor-driven compressors and fans, which improves the efficiency of low-temperature operation.
The HPs last about 15 years. 
Turnkey capital cost was $24,000, less $2,400 subsidy from GMP 
http://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/vermont-co2-reduction-of-HPs-is-based-on-misrepresentations

My Well-Sealed, Well-Insulated House 

The HPs are used for heating and cooling my 35-y-old, 3,600 sq ft, well-sealed/well-insulated house.
The basement, 1,200 sq ft, has a near-steady temperature throughout the year, because it has 2” of blueboard, R-10, on the outside of the concrete foundation and under the basement slab, which has saved me many thousands of space heating dollars over the 35 years.
 
I do not operate my HPs below 10F to 15F (depending on sun and wind conditions), because all HPs would become increasingly less efficient with decreasing outdoor temperatures. 
The HP operating cost per hour would become greater than of my efficient propane furnace. See table 3

High Electricity Prices

Vermont forcing, with subsidies and/or GWSA mandates, the build-outs of expensive RE electricity systems, such as wind, solar, batteries, etc., would be counter-productive, because it would: 

1) Increase already-high electric rates and 
2) Worsen the already-poor economics of HPs (and of EVs)!!
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/high-costs-of-wind-solar-and-battery-systems

My Energy Cost Reduction is Minimal 
 
– HP electricity consumption was from my electric bills, and an HP system electric meter. 
– Vermont electricity prices, including taxes, fees and surcharges, are assumed at 20 c/kWh.
– My HPs provide space heat to 2,300 sq ft, about the same area as an average Vermont house 
– Two small propane heaters (electricity not required) provide space heat to my 1,300 sq ft basement
– I operate my HPs at temperatures of 10 to 15F and greater (depending on wind and sun conditions)
– I operate my traditional propane system at temperatures of 10f to 15F and less

– My average HP coefficient of performance, COP, was 2.64
– My HPs required 2,489 kWh to replace 35% of my fossil Btus. 
– My HPs would require 8,997 kWh, to replace 100% of my fossil Btus.

https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/fuel_comparison_chart.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0199-y
https://acrpc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/HeatPumps-ACRPC-5_20.pdf

Before HPs: I used 100 gal for domestic hot water + 250 gal for 2 stoves in basement + 850 gal for Viessmann furnace, for a total propane of 1,200 gal/y
 
After HPs: I used 100 gal for DHW + 250 gal for 2 stoves in basement + 550 gal for Viessmann furnace + 2,489 kWh of electricity.

My propane cost reduction for space heating was 850 – 550 = 300 gallon/y, at a cost of $2.339/gal (buyers plan) = $702/y
My displaced fossil Btus was 100 x (1 – 550/850) = 35%, which is better than the Vermont average of 27.6%
My purchased electricity cost increase was 2,489 kWh x 20 c/kWh = $498/y

My energy cost savings due to the HPs were 702 – 498 = $204/y, on an investment of $24,000!!

Amortizing Heat Pumps 

Amortizing the 24000 – 2400 = $21,600 turnkey capital cost at 6%/y for 15 years costs about $2,187/y.
This is in addition to the amortizing of my existing propane system. I am losing money.
https://www.myamortizationchart.com

Other Annual Costs

There likely would be annual cleaning of HPs at $200/HP, and parts and labor, as the years go by.
This is in addition to the annual service calls and parts for my existing propane system. I am losing more money.
 
My Energy Savings of Propane versus HPs

Site Energy Basis: RE folks claim there would be a major energy reduction, due to using HPs. They compare the thermal Btus of 300 gallon of propane x 84,250 Btu/gal = 25,275,000 Btu vs the electrical Btus of 2,489 kWh of electricity x 3,412 Btu/kWh = 8,492,469 Btu. However, that comparison would equate thermal Btus with electrical Btus, which all ethical engineers know is an absolute no-no.

A-to-Z Energy Basis: A proper comparison would be thermal Btus of propane vs thermal Btus fed to power plants, i.e., 25,275,000 Btu vs 23,312,490 Btu, i.e., a minor energy reduction. See table 1A

Bob
April 16, 2024 2:46 pm

I fail to see how subsidies are the answer to anything. Just more government interference.

April 16, 2024 5:34 pm

“…Rishi Sunak’s subsidised pub lunches…”

What was that all about? I tried Duck Duck Go – no hits.

Archer
Reply to  Tombstone Gabby
April 17, 2024 1:57 am

“Eat out to help out”, during the rona lockdowns.

Edward Katz
April 16, 2024 5:57 pm

Here we’re seeing a repeat of the push for electric vehicles. Governments d and manufacturers never did proper consumer surveys to determine how many would actually be willing to buy one of them, particularly at their inflated prices. Instead, the former just decided to ram them down people’s throats with mandates banning ICE vehicles by various future dates. Now that the other shortcomings related to EVs are becoming more evident—limited cruising ranges, lack of recharging infrastructure, low resale values, inadequate dependability—producers are cutting back on production and governments are realizing that all the subsidies directed toward EVs are a poor investment. So the the sooner that governments pushing heat pumps start doing their homework with proper consumer surveys, the less money they’ll be wasting on incentives, and manufacturers won’t be stuck with white elephants.