From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT
By Paul Homewood
You will recall how the media gleefully announced a new July record temperature for Europe this week, even though it had not even been validated by the WMO.
As Italian expert, Robin Monotti, pointed out immediately, the weather station at Jerzu was not an officially recognised climate station.
Excellent detective work by Tim Daw has revealed the actual location of the Jerzu station, and as I surmised it is poorly sited and maintained.
There are three weather stations in and around Jerzu, but the one in question is Jerzu RU, indicated below – note the 48.2C reading on 23rd:
.
Google maps place it here:
.
And zooming in:
.
As can be seen, the equipment is within a few yards of the road. Worse still, the whole compound is overgrown with bush.
Recall what the WMO say about the siting of thermometers:
https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11612
.Clearly Jerzu fails Class 3 on two counts:
1) Its proximity to the road
2) Vegetation >25cm.
At best, it can only be classified as Class 4 (out of total of 5 Classes); this means that temperatures could be artificially inflated by as much as 2C because of poor siting.
This obviously precludes any possibility of the “record” Jerzu being officially recognised, or at least it would with any reputable scientific organisation, which the WMO most certainly is not.
But, of course, the fake record claim has already gone round the world, which has always been the objective of our corrupt media.
It is worth pointing out that there are three other stations listed by the Italian agency. The max temperatures of these were 42.10C, 46.57C and 47.21C. (If you click on the link, and then click on the coloured logo, it brings up the daily table. All of these are well below the 48.2C at Jerzu RU, even though they are only a few miles apart:
There are many hundreds of weather stations like this in countries like Italy – poorly sited, poorly maintained and with no official long term data. Jerzu is a classic example – was there a thermometer there prior to the installation of this automatic one? It seems highly unlikely, as who would have trudged out in the heat to read it every day?
And with this proliferation of stations, there are bound to be some in particularly hot spots, just waiting for a record to be claimed.
For any climatological record temperature to be validated, the site should not only be properly sited and maintained; but there should also be at least 100 years of data, to ensure we are comparing like with like.
What a shock! Most record highs these days are because of poor station placement and gradual urban encroachment. The dishonesty of the climate establishment is unbelievable. They’re UHI deniers. Just today, I was on the NWS website looking at data from rural stations (see pic below). There’s no heat apocalypse. It’s just a slightly warmer planet than it was back in the Little Ice Age. Thank goodness for that. We should be grateful. It’s amazing that period is used as some sort of gold standard for a perfect climate.
I wish Canada had publicly available climate data. I’d like to see a surface station survey done there. Has anyone studied the effects of UHI / poor sitting on the Canadian surface temperature record? If we were to see no winter warming there as in Minnesota, that’s the smoking gun that CAGW is a LIE.
We do have publicly available weather station data.
climate. weather. gc. ca/historical_data/search_historic_data_e. html
I doubt anyone has checked out the condition or siting of the weather stations, however.
“The dishonesty of the climate establishment is unbelievable.”
Believe it. It’s real.
I checked 850mb temps for Sardinia during the afternoon of 23rd July 2023 and they were only 27c.
Now way you get a European record 2m temperature from that.
The only location to reach near 30c at 850mb temperatures in Europe was Seville back in 1881.
Wrong day.
Who measured temperatures at 850 mb in Seville in 1881?
NOAA using four-dimensional historic weather reconstructions using general observations.
The reading was on the 23rd July 2023 that was in this article at the top. (48.2c)
The 24th July 2023 measured 40.7c unless this is wrong.
I have checked and it does appear the day was on the 24th July 2023.
The 850mb temperature for Sardinia during the afternoon was 28c.
Could expect a temperature around 47c in brillant sunshine depending on humidity levels so the reading may not be far off.
“Sardinia Temperature Record Set in Middle of Undergrowth, And Yards from Road”
The street photo gives a misleading perspective. From Google Maps it isn’t in the undergrowth, but in a regular enclosed space and separated from the undergrowth by cleared land. And it is 15 m from the road, which seems to be a very minor one, and barely paved.
But as usual, none of this explains why there was a record. Even if the road raises the temperature, it has obviously been there for a very long time. Why so hot that day?
The BBC argues with this here.
Horrendous site positioning and upkeep. Even you would have to agree with that.
Tar, bare brown fields, overgrow with weeds and bracken, shading from winds and breezes.
And it is not an official site either.
Who knows if it was “that hot” or not. !
Certainly this site is not going to give a realistic measurement…
… no matter how much you try to slither and slide around that fact.
“And it is not an official site either.”
NU0855253
“As Italian expert, Robin Monotti, pointed out immediately, the weather station at Jerzu was not an officially recognised climate station.”
If that is an “official” site, then it says a lot against taking any temperatures from Italy with anything but a grain of salt.
“Robin Monotti, a film-maker with more than 81,000 followers on Twitter, claimed the BBC’s reports were not backed by evidence.”
Thanks for a factual intervention as always, Nick.
Could you provide the URL where you accessed that data? It would be worth establishing the length of this record as well.
Sure, Greg, it’s here
Site shows it is now bare earth, no green at all.
A very poor site, wouldn’t you agree.
And no, while it may have a number it is not part of the official Sardinia climate network.
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
It should be very obvious that the site is question is not well maintained to WMO standards.
“factual intervention “
LOL… no, not so much !
This site is NOT part of the official Sardinia climate network.
It is an Agricultural site.
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
Sardegna Clima is not an official network. It is a collection of amateur stations
“Sardegna Clima was born in 2008 as a simple amateur web portal aimed at meteorology and climatology enthusiasts.”
Started that way maybe….
Is now the OFFICIAL network
You have been caught out using Agricultural sites, not official sites
Stop trying to slither out of it.
It is very obvious that the site a Jerzu is NOT in compliance with WMO standards…. Not remotely
But, hey.. we all know you are the champion of BAD DATA.
Again, from their about page:
“Sardegna Clima currently collects a large list of amateur weather stations installed according to OMM standards, which transmit the main weather parameters live 24 hours a day. All owners of online weather stations can in fact join the network,”
and
“Finally, we would like to remind you that Sardegna Clima is totally self-financed and managed by young Sardinian students and graduates.”
Nothing official thre.
For an unofficail site (why should an agrometeorological site not be ‘official’?) this station is equipped to expensively:
Thermometer
hydrometer
Wind spees at 2 and 10m
Wind direction at 10 m
Global rad at 2 m
you ain’t get this with the quality of the instruments and installation unter 10k $
“It would be worth establishing the length of this record as well.”
According to ARPA, the network was set up between 1994 and 1996.
From the OFFICIAL Sardinia Climate Network map,
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
This site would be inside the blue circle below.
It is not part of the official network.
https://dati-annuali-rete-arpas-2021-arpas.hub.arcgis.com/apps/dati-meteo-sardegna-ultimi-7-giorni/explore
Since when is the number of Twitter followers any measure of the veracity of a claim in science? Why is it even being mentioned?
Well there is this –
Prof Michael E. Mann
@MichaelEMann
Scientist/Author; Pres Dist Prof/Director Center for Sci, Sustain. & the Media, U. Penn; Nat Acad of Sci.; Tyler Prize; Mastodon: @MichaelEMann@fediscience.org
219.1K Followers
and this “climate science czar” doesn’t hesitate to pull rank to impress upon naysayers how important it is to have lotsa Twits followers –
I am quoting the BBC, and I’m not trying to boost Mr Monotti’s scientific credentials.
Robin Monotti is correct.
Nick-pick is WRONG (again)
This station is NOT part of the official Sardinia climate network
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
There are of course many Agricultural sites around the world that are not part of official networks.
Sardegna Clima is not an official network. It is a collection of amateur stations
“Sardegna Clima was born in 2008 as a simple amateur web portal aimed at meteorology and climatology enthusiasts.”
““Sardegna Clima was born “
Was it, now.
You people do have some strange ideas.
Google translate of their about page.
Poor Nick-pick, caught out using poorly maintained agricultural sites.
We all know you luv bad quality data, Nick.
This is your standard defence “why that day”
But records don’t actually prove anything other that there’s a plethora of electronic stations reporting every minute, or less, when until 20 years ago it was a handful of LIG stations reporting twice a day a few days later
So why only that station?
Using the BBC’s logic “everyone else measured high temperatures so it must be right” doesn’t hold water
Of course it does. If other local stations were reporting much cooler temperatures then it would cast doubt on the Sardinia record; but they weren’t. They were all in the same ballpark.
I actually can’t tell very well where it is based on your link. The same goes for the zoom in photo Paul provided. To me, it looks like it’s close to the road. But I guess you could be right. Is there any better pictures? But to answer your question of why that day broke a record, how long has that station been there?
Correction: I’m an idiot. You’re right Nick about the station’s placement. But still, Paul asks an important question. Would anyone have gone out there in that same location before the installation of the automatic weather station to record the temperature? And the road’s potential impact can be significant enough to raise the temperature past the previous record. In this case, 0.2C. That’s a small difference and any potential bias whether it be change of measurement, change of instrumentation, change in thermometer location, etc. can easily eclipse that record.
ARPA is a sort of Italian EPA with particular agricultural responsibility.
Poor Nick, you are WRONG yet again..
It is NOT part of the official climate network.
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
It is ARPAS, not ARPA.
(https://www.sardegnaambiente.it/arpas/arpas/chisiamo/ )
Your link is headed Sardegna ARPA.
ARPA is the national organisation.
As in ARPAS(ardegna) = ARPAS for the complete acronym/abbreviation of the organization operating in Sardinia, which is a region within Italy, NOT a nation.
If you had bothered to read beyond the heading title at the website for which I provided the URL, you would have seen that the very first sentence under the heading “Who We Are” states:
“Arpas is a regional agency that works . . .”
(my bold emphasis added)
And the second paragraph begins with this:
“The Regional Agency for the protection of the environment of Sardinia exercises in particular functions of:”
(my bold emphasis added)
Additional hint for you: see the portion of the URL that I provided that reads “…/arpas/arpas/chisiams/ ”
(my bold emphasis added)
Yes, there is a larger organization named ARPA that operates throughout Italy, but that’s not what we’re referring to in the context of this article.
It’s clearly not worth any more of my time offering corrections to you.
What I said was
“ARPA is a sort of Italian EPA with particular agricultural responsibility.”
clearly referring to the national organisation.
A 0.2 C record at a single station should just be “homogenized” with other readings within a couple of hundred km.…..(a bit of sarc)
Should the distance be measured from the center of the road, as Stokes did, or from the nearest edge? I think the latter.
A station could be right on the edge of a parking lot that was more than 20m wide and Stokes would claim that it was more than 10m from the center. His usual sophistry.
Nick, take a look at the max temperatures. They go
July
21 37.81
22 35.85
23 48.20
24 40.72
25 32.19
26 32.87
27 31.29
You are asking why there is a high of 48 on the 23rd, with the clear implication that you think this high tells us something about climate and global warming.
It cannot. This is a one day outlier, and a massive one at that. Who knows why? Some local condition unique to that day. Must have been local, and must have been something about that day because its not repeated. Maybe there was a hot wind that day. Maybe someone parked a truck next to the station. We have no idea how long that temperature persisted, just that it was the high reading for the day. Maybe it was some odd condition that lasted for 5 minutes.
Whatever, one anomalous max reading from one station on one day tells us absolutely nothing about world climate, and is not in any special need of explanation. Any more than the 31.29 on the 27th is. Any more than if a station down the road from me showed, for example, a low of 10C for one day in June in the middle of a series of 25+ readings. No, this is not another record cool that has to be explained by invoking world climate trends and the coming ice age.
Come right out with your argument, if you have one. What are you claiming this reading shows and why?
Firstly, just getting the facts right. The station isn’t in the undergrowth, and isn’t “yards from the road”.
Records aren’t a very good way of fixing climate trends. But if they keep turning up, especially big jumps, taken together they are hard to ignore.
And so I’m sure you will think the same about the record colder temps that will almost certainly be set this coming August in Europe. Summer for almost all of Europe is already over and it isn’t even August.
How come I think you’ll ignore that?
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F2OTfHmXQAA1jeG?format=png&name=medium
?? Huh, fix the climate, really?
Never mind the quality of the site. That is not my issue. Are you saying that this particular reading is an indicator of global climate trends?
When its one day in one site, flanked by much lower temperatures. And for all we know, this high can have lasted 5 minutes and be due to some unrecorded event in the vicinity?
If you think this such an indicator, why don’t you think the 30 some degree readings arealso indicators?
Its completely ridiculous. Its finding odd passing events and without actually making the claim implying that they are of some significance.
They are not. This reading is totally insignificant. Its almost the same temperature as the previous 1977 record (48.2 as opposed to 48.0 in Athens). This is not a big jump. And when you consider the changes in instrument technology since 1977, it must be very doubtful this temperature was actually higher than the Athens one.
There is nothing whatever going on here, except hysteria on the part of the climate lobby.
There is a case to be made for arguing that this is, so far, an unusually hot summer in Continental Europe. But no case to be made that its either a sign or consequence of global warming, or alarming. It one of a long series of occasional very hot summer periods. Its due to weather patterns and the Jet Stream. And they have nothing to do with CO2 emissions or global warming. They just happen occasionally, always have and always will. The only new thing here is the hysteria.
“Never mind the quality of the site. That is not my issue. Are you saying that this particular reading is an indicator of global climate trends?”
I think he is. Nick is desperately trying to make something out of nothing, with this supposed Sardinian temperature record.
When you don’t have evidence, this is what you do: You pretend that some outlier temperature reading at one station is confirmation that CO2 is overheating the Earth’s atmosphere.
Yes, let’s get the facts right.
It is not part of the official Sardinia climate network.
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
Unofficial, badly maintained sites are not a great way to determine climate trends.
Sardegna Clima is not an official network. It is a collection of amateur stations
“Sardegna Clima was born in 2008 as a simple amateur web portal aimed at meteorology and climatology enthusiasts.”
You think poorly maintained Agricultural sites are the go, hey. 😉
Yes, we all know you worship bad data.
Stop whimpering !
The meteorological network of Sardegna Clima Onlus with over 140 control units installed represents the most complete and widespread free monitoring network in Sardinia. The Davis model stations are installed according to WMO (World Meteorological Organization) regulations and transmit the main weather parameters in real time every 5 minutes. Historical data, sorted by year and station are available on request. The time series were analyzed in order to filter the anomalous data, eliminating physically impossible values, both in relation to absolute values and to temporal variations incompatible with the reliability of the data. The variables that have undergone quality control are: temperature, relative humidity, wind in direction and intensity, precipitation and global radiation where available. Quality control is carried out by the scientific director Marcello Casula.
Show us the “quality control at this Jerzu site, Nick..
oh wait.. you know there isn’t any..
… but you’ll use the data anyway. 😉
Then the station calibration should be verified and the output should be checked to see if there are any intermittent power surges or noise in the electronics.
I see I got a down-vote. Can I presume that whoever did so doesn’t see a need for calibration of instruments, or doesn’t believe that outputs of electronic instrumentation can be affected by power surges or induced noise such as results from a power line arcing or a motor turning on? Is it any wonder that climatology is respected as much as astrology?
Reducing temps in the early 1900’s is de rigor but new temps, not so much.
On the other hand, with proper uncertainty calculations, the uncertainty interval will be expanded by utilizing an outlier like this. I wonder what the July uncertainty interval actually is?
Power surge in a station where we probably are not connected to an electricity network?
Station has it’s own solar power supply.
Agricultural meteo networks in Europe are playing in the same league as the national meteo networks in terms of equipment and maintenance. Not like the amateur league of private meteo networks.
Probably the day the cut the weeds with a gas mower
Or plowed the field
Why should anyone plow a wineyard in July in Sardegna ( or cut weeds)
Our had the tractor that plows/cultivates the adjacent field sitting stationary with its engine idling just some 8 m upwind of the station’s monitoring thermometer.
It may be a typo: replace the 48 by 38 and you have a plausible sequence.
It looks more like blowtorch sensor manipulation than climatic causation – a set time and duration, in one day – I doubt natural with all the MSM whipped up hysteria at the time
Also, Nick, if you want to argue for the significance of this one day max reading, you have to look at the previous European max. According to the stories, this reading exceeds the previous European max of 48. By 0.2. The previous max was set in Athens in 1976.
If you think this 0.2 higher reading is significant in some way for global climate, say why. Why a max reading in Jerzu in 2023 being 0.2 higher than a previous max reading in Athen in 1977 has any significance. Make your argument.
You won’t, because you don’t have one. Its obviously trivial, and the fuss about it is media (and activist) hysteria.
As to the particular reading, you keep saying its the same site and so this reading cannot be due to its characteristics. You do not know that and its almost certainly false. The thing you have to explain is why on only one day out of the recorded 7 there was this temporary sudden high. There was certainly some temporary local factor that led to that sudden anomaly, but who knows what it was. Whatever it was, it was local and has nothing to do with the world climate.
I don’t, as said, particularly argue for the significance of this record. I just try to get the facts right. In fact, the publication cited here said it was the hottest July day for Europe. The BBC said it was the hottest day in Europe so far this year. The hottest day ever in Europe seems to have been 48.8°C in Sicily August 2021.
Was that at an “official” site?
Because this one wasn’t.
Station Network – Sardegna Clima (sardegna-clima.it)
Yes, we do need to get the facts right.
BFD!
Hottest day this week so far!
It seems that poor old Europe gets punished by ALL the (non-discriminating) weather gods fairly frequently –
January 2017 European cold wave
[A frozen fountain in Rome on 7 January 2017]
Cold Wave Formed 5 January 2017
Lowest temperature: −45.4 °C (−49.7 °F) in Oparino, Russia
Fatalities: 73+ deaths
Areas affected: Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Italy, Turkey
A swallow a summer does not make.
I would be far more interested in the duration. Modern instruments catch heat spikes that mercury thermometers respond too slowly to catch. The “record high” might only have lasted a few seconds, yet they always try to make us think it’s a sustained high temperature. So how long did it last, and what was it a minute before and a minute after?
That has always concerned me, the ability of electronic devices to respond very rapidly to changes in temperature that neither mercury or alcohol thermometers can manage. Of course all historical data is from mercury thermometers that were perhaps readable to 0.25 degrees or maybe even 0.5 degrees.
The degree to which a mercury-in glass or alcohol-in-glass thermometer is “readable” has no relationship whatsoever to its degree of accuracy.
Pat Frank provides an excellent discussion of this topic at https://wattsupwiththat.com/2023/06/29/the-verdict-of-instrumental-methods/
I’m with Nick on this one. The site is more than the ten meters required from the road, and the enclosed area looks to be the same low grass as the pastures to the west. No shading from trees, and though it is on the edge of a plowed field, that is typical of the area.
Drawing on my experience as one of Anthony’s Surface Station surveyors (ahem, ahem), I’d put it in class 3.
” So hot”!! It beat the record set 46 years ago by 0.2K! That’s a rate of one K per century, which is about what the Earth has experienced for the last 150 years!! And we should panic why??
Well that’s the burning question.
(I’ll get my coat . . . )
Why re-orient the image? South is to the right.
Nick, thanks for providing the direct link to the Google Maps overhead view of the subject temperature reporting station.
However, beyond just not being an officially-recognized “climate station” (as is stated in the above WUWT article), this particular station does NOT meet this minimum requirement to be even a Class 3 station as delineated in the above article:
“At more than 10 m from artificial heat sources and reflective surfaces (buildings, concrete surfaces, car parks, and the like)”.
Using your very own provided link to the Google Earth overhead view and zooming in to the maximum extent allowed (i.e., 5 m scale shown in lower right of image) shows that three of the four flat sides of the rectangular green area surrounding the station itself are within 5 m of the temperature reporting station, and the fourth flat side is at most 7 m from the station. And the dry, cleared and plowed dirt field outside of this small rectangular area certainly qualifies as a “artificial” heat source, especially when there is direct sun shining down upon it.
You conclude asking “Why so hot that day?” My answer, there was a gentle breeze coming in the direction of the greatest relative distance across the plowed field at the hottest part of a particularly hot day (in that specific area) that provided maximum heating with minimum cooling at the station location.
It had nothing to do with the nearby road and everything to do with this particular station being ill-located, ill-designed to measure “ambient” air temperature.
Nick is correct about the placement from the road. It’s 14.87 m away from the road using the tool he provided. But the surrounding dirt field is problematic as you say. 0.2C is very small and if that was particular hot (not record breaking), then that dirt field absorbed a lot of heat and could have upwardly biased the temperature reading.
“However, beyond just not being an officially-recognized “climate station” (as is stated in the above WUWT article)”
quoting Mr Robin Monotti, film maker. He’s wrong. It is an APRA station, NU085S253.
Nick, did you bother to look up what ARPAS (in the referenced region of Sardinia) is and what this organization is actually charted to do? Apparently not.
For your benefit, the following is from ARPAS’s official website (https://www.sardegnaambiente.it/arpas/arpas/chisiamo/ ) as translated by Google into English:
“Arpas is a regional agency that works to promote sustainable development and to protect and improve the quality of natural and man-made ecosystems. The Agency is the technical body that supports the competent authorities in the field of planning, authorization and sanctions in the environmental field, at all levels of territorial government: technical-scientific competence is its distinctive and qualifying component.
“The Regional Agency for the protection of the environment of Sardinia exercises in particular functions of:
– control of the sources of environmental pressures determined by human activities which, by withdrawing resources and interacting with the surrounding environment, produce impacts on the environment (discharges, emissions, waste, land use, radiation,
– monitoring of the state of the environment determined by the quality level of the various matrices (water, air, soil, etc.);
– technical support to the public administration in defining the responses put in place to face the pressures and thus improve the state of the environment (plans, projects, etc.).”
Nick, you may notice there is not a single mention of climate monitoring in the listing of what they do, let alone mention of ARPAS supporting/providing data to the WMO.
As I and others have pointed out, the ARPAS station, NU085S253, does not meet WMO’s basic siting standards for even a Class 3 temperature monitoring station.
Perhaps you consider ARPAS to be an “official” climate-monitoring organization using proper temperature monitoring techniques, and thus on par with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), but I certainly do not.
What is your point? Whatever the relation of the organization to climate, the fact is they have a network of weather stations. And one of them registered a very high temperature. And it is sited away from towns, more than the requisite 10m from roads, in an agricultural location, like much of the region.
The “point” is that I care about the quality of measured data, whereas your comments indicate you care more about the quantity of measured data no matter how inaccurate it may be.
That is all.
Nope. Jerzu RU is better than WMO Class 3 standards. Cloud be even Class 2 (A source of heat (or expanse of water) is considered to have an impact if it occupies more than 10% of the surface within a radius of 30 m surrounding the screen). since the temperature measurement is more than 15m from the road. Class 2 requirement might be met.
Nope.
This particular station does NOT meet the minimum requirement to be even a Class 3 station as defined in the above article, per this specific requirement under 2.4(b)(i) of the pasted-in image of WMO Figure 1.D.3 Criteria for air temperature and humidity for class 3 sites :
“At more than 10 m from artificial heat sources and reflective surfaces (buildings, concrete surfaces, car parks, and the like)”.
Please note that this siting requirement does not specifically mention a “road”, paved or not. And didn’t you overlook the specific phrase “. . . and the like” in the WMO requirement?
The Google Earth overhead view zoomed in to the maximum extent allowed (i.e., 5 m scale shown in lower right of image) shows that three of the four flat sides of the rectangular green area surrounding the station itself are within 5 m of the temperature reporting station/screen, and the fourth flat side is at most 7 m from the station. And the dry, plowed and cultivated, brown dirt field outside of this small rectangular area certainly qualifies as a “artificial” (NOT being “natural”, of course) heat source, especially when there is direct sun shining down upon it.
As for you referencing this WMO clarification paragraph contained on the aforementioned Figure 1.D.3:
“A source of heat (or expanse of water) is considered to have an impact if it occupies more than 10% of the surface within a radius of 10 m surrounding the screen or makes up 5% of a 5 m radius area.”
(my bold emphasis added),
as I stated in the preceding paragraph, the subject station clearly does not meet the requirement of the above bold text portion of the WMO siting requirement because plowed/cleared brown dirt surrounds it on three of four sides, well within a 10 m radius.
Any reference to the “road” being more than 10 m away from the temperature monitoring screen is a weak attempt at deflection from the real and obvious defects of this station’s siting.
This is a agrometeorological station: and in case you take a look on the surrounding area, you will see that the Station with be barren ground around the station is well representing the conditions of the larger area around the station. You ain’t measure on grass in Antarctica.
That is one of the problem with trying to obtain an accurate Global Average Temperature. Not even anomalies all have the same values due to microclimates being different.Summer versus Winter only aggravate the difference.
Is the “radius of 30 m” above a typo, and should have been “diameter of 30 m”?
No typo,
Within the radius of 30m less than 10% of possible heat source like paved road shall be for class 2 siting.
75% of the area is in the torus between the 15m and 30m radii, so I’m not sure of the relevance of the road being 15m from the instruments.
The road as a heat source (alone) is not a reason for downgrading from class 2 to class 3 siting, since the area the road covers in a 30m radius is less then 10%.
Myfault was not considerung the building and the sports field next to it. Thus Class 2 is out, cass 3 is IMHO met.
I wasn’t querying the Class 2 vs Class 3. It’s just that you mentioned the 30m radius and then the road being over 15m away, so I thought you might have inadvertently written 30m radius instead of diameter.
All clear now, thanks, and I’ve learned something about Met sites.
As I pointed out below the surrounding vegetation varies seasonally. Streetview reveals that in March 2021 the embankment was covered in low grass with spring bulbs in flower, while the vineyard field was also covered in low green vegetation – I’d guess at predominantly lucerne to fix more nitrogen in the soil. By September the lucerne is long ploughed in and the embankment is parched and there is bare earth between the rows of vines.
The enclosure in the google satellite view appears green, yet in Bing’s version it is as brown as the field.
I’d bet we’re in a brown phase at the moment. We need someone to go and take some photos.
The same reason that some people win the lottery, but most don’t.
There will always be some location that is the hottest among those with a similar climate, but it is very difficult to predict just where it will be. Is it really important which station is warmest or what day it happens on? It is probably more important whether the temperature was a transient spike or constant over at least several minutes.
Are we talking about the same station here? On the pic at the top there is a fence with access door to the site around the screen, but I see no trace of the shadow of it on the google map.
The ground side view “pic” shows a chain-link fence surrounding the subject station; the Google overhead, aerial view makes it hard to discern such a chain-link fence due to its relative thinness. Likewise the open-mesh nature of a chain-link fence means that it never casts much of a shadow.
The door has a plaque with text on it. Judging from the shadow of the screen itself the shadow of that plaque ought to be just visible, I thought.
Yes. If you go to the Google Maps link, you’ll see the image I showed, then if you enlarge one step, it switches to street view, showing a very similar pic to Paul’s.
This is the BBC’s defence
Robin Monotti, a film-maker with more than 81,000 followers on Twitter, claimed the BBC’s reports were not backed by evidence.
But data published by Sardinia’s own Regional Agrometeorological Service confirms the high temperatures reported.
Contacted by the BBC, Mr Monotti directed us to the Italian Meteorological Service’s website, which listed different temperature readings for that day in Jerzu.
However, none of those readings were taken in Jerzu itself, but instead in nearby municipalities (with the nearest of those more than 13 miles away).
He then alleged that the equipment to get that particular temperature reading did not abide by international standards.
But Sardinia’s Regional Agrometeorological Service makes clear on its website that its weather stations are operated according to WMO recommendations.
And the WMO also told the BBC that the temperature of 48.2C registered in Jerzu is consistent with data from other stations across Sardinia.
But it added that any temperature record is provisional until recognised by national or regional authorities, and ultimately by the WMO.
Sardinia’s Regional Agrometeorological Service says it is carrying out “extra checks” to confirm this record
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-66314338
The site is a long way from the town of Jerzu (13 km by road perhaps 10km as the crow flies and two valleys over), where there is another weather station next to the road and football pitch to the west of the village.
Totally fascinating – that is the same day that Palermo roasted and Palermo is 250 miles away (South East) across the Tyrrhenian Sea.
That station is among some mountains so there has to be a Foehn Effect going on,
Attached is a screenshot for the Wunderground station at Jerzu for the month of July – the 24th jumps right out at you. It is soooooo unusual.
if you look at the daily data for that Wunderground AND have a good memory on what I said about Palermo…
i.e. ‘something happened‘ – starting at about 09:00 local time and continued until about 19:00hrs
That something shows up in the wind for both Jerzu and Palemo in that the wind went from being gentle breeze and from the SW to being much stronger and from the East.
(Hence the Foehn Effect idea, it needs wind to make it work)
That change (wind direction and unusual temperature) occurred at 0900 and then it all went back to where it was at 1900 – and it happened at 2 stations separated by 250 miles of water
Something really crazy and quite incredible happened out on the Tyrrhenian Sea that day
This is going to be a 2-parter – I’d like to show you another Wunderground but this time on mainland Italy and 350 miles directly East of Jerzu
here it is
This is little Santa station on mainland (the top of Italy’s ‘foot’ if you will
See the exact sudden rise in temp at 0900, the equal and corresponding drop at 1900, the wind picked up exactly coincidentally to Jerzu and Palermo BUT, on the mainland it didn’t change direction
On the mainland it stayed resolutely from the west.
Make that a 3 parter – I found my screenshot for Palermo.
See the similarity – how the fug could two weather stations 250 miles apart have near identical daily temperature graphs
3 stations if you include the santa station on the mainland..
“That station is among some mountains so there has to be a Foehn Effect going on”
Sorry wrong.
Mountains don’t give rise to a Foehn effect defacto.
Why isn’t that obvious!!
If were so then temps could run away merely by flowing over contiguous mtn ranges!
Energy has to be exchanged – the increase of potential energy on the uplift is cancelled exactly by it’s decrease on descent.
Zero sum.
Unless, said energy is transferred – which in a predominant FE is done via latent heat.
The air mass involved needs to be either moist on the windward side with a condensation level below the mountain top OR have a neutral LR or inversion above the mnt top that causes the air to be “squeezed”, accelerated and turbulently descend on the lee side. That process entrains some of the overlying warmer air (relative to a DALR ) to reach the lee-side surface at a temp higher than on the windward.
See my post: ….
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2023/07/25/hottest-day-evah-in-palermo/#comment-3755404
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2023/07/25/hottest-day-evah-in-palermo/#comment-3755475
“See the exact sudden rise in temp at 0900, the equal and corresponding drop at 1900, the wind picked up exactly coincidentally to Jerzu and Palermo BUT, on the mainland it didn’t change direction
On the mainland it stayed resolutely from the west.”
Well it would do !!
All expected meteorological events of the situation.
The cooler boundary lyr air would have been warmed out by solar insolation at 0900 and the stronger SW wind aloft brought to the surface by the establishment of a DALR. Palermo is on the coast and thus dragged cooler sea air in from the east.
Basic sea-breeze effect….
“starting at about 09:00 local time and continued until about 19:00hrs”
Again, yes it would do !!
At 1900 surface cooling stilled the surface wind, but continued to flow above.
Also: Michael
“this is a one day outlier, and a massive one at that. Who knows why?”
Meteorologists know why.
And why they predicted it beforehand.
The air-mass came from a hot Sahara, as can be seen in the Upper air ascent shown ih the 2nd link above.
It’s a simple matter for computing the expected solar insolation (W/m2) onto that profile. The SkewlogT is a thermodynamic diagram where area equates to energy. Once the low level cooler air has been warmed out the excess energy would rise on a DALR and be diluted out to a height of around 650mb (~12,000ft).
A surface superadiabat can be expected depending on local conditions.
Look it up under Sirocco.
This may well be one of the better Italian sites.
Many of the urban ones will be on top of concrete or terracotta roofs, adjacent to air-conditioning ducts
For the record.
Highest temperature measured and WMO approved for the WMO Region VI (Europe (Continental) was Athens, Greece, 48°C 10th of July 1977. WMO has apparently quite recently approved as a new record 48.8°C measured at Syracuse, Italy, 11th of August 2021.
https://wmo.asu.edu/content/world-meteorological-organization-global-weather-climate-extremes-archive
Interesting link… .
Go down to the extreme for hemisphere.
All the HOT values are before 1961 (1913 particularly)
All the COLD values are after 1982
“… The temperature record for continental Europe of 48.8°C (119.8°F) measured in Sicily on 11 August 2021 was not broken during the July heatwaves, according to provisional information. …”
https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/july-2023-set-be-hottest-month-record
Seville has the (disputed) historical record high of 50C (122F), though this dates back to 1881.
This stood for decades until the agenda got too much for them.
The Montsouri (French) screen, in use in Spain and many European countries in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
“In Spain they have build two replicas of the French screen used around 1900. One was installed in [[La Coruna]] (more Atlantic) and one in [[Murcia]] (more Mediterranean). They showed that the old measurements had a temperature bias of about 0.3°C; the Mediterranean location had.”
https://variable-variability.blogspot.com/2015/02/temperature-trend-bias-radiation-errors-screen.design.html
The Seville record was removed because of an error founding a warmer bias of 0.3c. Let’s be realistic 0.3c is nothing and changes even to global temepratures can be changed monthly as much as this.
The Seville record should still stand at 50c even accounting for a warm bias of 0.3c.
If they don’t fiddle it there is er, no problem.
They’re back on meat again….
“”Amber Husain was cooking dinner for a friend when she suddenly realised the meat she was preparing was a corpse. “”
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/meat-ethics-eating-animals-fergus-henderson-b2380800.html
Looking at the historic temp details of public amateur weather stations around that area on that day, I couldn’t find a single one that exceeded 42C.
I doubt they all read 6C lower that the “official” thermometers and would tend to have siting issues that inflate temperatures, not lower them.
It seems that they may just about be the required 10m from the road. Says “a few meters” does not disprove this unless you provide a number. More to the point is inadequacy of 10m as a limit. You could conform to this by being a mere 10m from a 6 lane highway topped with black bitumen !!
This happened a few years ago when a french “hottest EVA” was declared at Gallargues-le-Montueux in the south of France. The station was inspected days later because it was a low quality rating. The meteorologists “validated” the reading, while deliberately ignoring the presence of a large industrial depot about 30 yards away with a massive lorry parking area with tens of thousands of square meters of black bitumen.
While officially noting that wind was not coming from the south where there was an irrigation canal (as the pretext for validation ) they implicitly acknowledged that the wind WAS coming from the the empty lorry park, which they managed to no notice !!
They would doubtless argue that WMO only requires to be 10m away, so all the hot air coming down from the lorry park had no effect.
You’re right. These standards conflict the NWS standards on station placement https://www.weather.gov/coop/sitingpolicy2. There’s also a huge dirt field in the surrounding area so that probably plays a role as well. This site is not suited for measuring climate.
The scrub is fairly sparse, clumpy and up to a 1m high in places. What else can be expected in such rural conditions.
It seems these regulations were written for well maintained enclosures and just sticking an automatic reporting thermistor at an unmaintained site is not acceptable at all.
Paul Homewood and NALOPKT used to do considered skepticism.
Sadly these days he and several contributers have lost perspective and become like broken records every time a record is broken.
The whole instrumental temperature record is imperfect. No single data point ever is climatologically significant.
The fact another imperfect record has been added to the others does not stop it being a record. If the WMO accept it then that’s that.
How many previous records come from sites that Paul would allow, grade 1, pristine, in unaltered environs for 1000 years taken on the same instrument by the same person/ method….. Just silly, there would be no data at all. We just have to make the best of the imperfect record we have, and altering the standards by which records are verified now would risk introducing yet more bias/ uncertainty.
Well then that means we can’t attribute it confidently to CO2.
There’s absolutely no doubt there were some very high temperatures in S Europe caused by transitory hot N.African air. The fact it only lasted one day in some places, or wasn’t quite as hot 10 miles down the road; these are bizarre arguments to suggest that it therefore didn’t really happen or the records shouldn’t be counted. In the heat map of Sicily it is clear substantial areas reached mid 40s, with smaller areas reaching 47/48C. Hot, by any standards. One day’s freak weather never has any climatological significance, but if it happened, it happened! Why some people are finding this so hard to accept is very odd.
https://news.italy24.press/local/720566.html
just found this online: “Sirocco. A Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and reaches hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe.”
Close to Africa? Islands in the middle of the Med aren’t great locations for attempting to understand the climate.
The islands were underneath a high-pressure system at the time so it wouldn’t be unusual to see some hot weather there. CO2 had nothing to do with it.
Another perspective could be that if this record stands unmatched for the next 50 years or so, people can legitimately opine that the constantly-tracked 21st century warming phase has well & truly ended?
How many here are aware that the Italian Meteorological Service is an organisational unit of the Italian Air Force?
Coningsby, anyone?
No airstrips anywhere near Jerzu.
The Italian military has been a joke for a century or more. And most of the Italian government.
No usable weather station, either
Unless you want to be disingenuous that is
That’s no problem, a quick tweak will put it right
This is the location, in the corner of a vineyard field. There is an embankment up from the road with seasonal vegetation. The station enclosure appears to be grassed. The field has seasonal green cover, as local exploration and different street view dates reveal. The hedge to the South of the site is in a lower terrace or ditch, so the trees provide rather less shading than they would have done if they were on the same level. It’s over 13m from the Stevenson screen to the edge of the road.
Because the photos are taken from the lower level of the road the vegetation appears to be more prominent than it is in reality.
A current photo would tell us the state of the ground cover. Streetview leaves us guessing an interpolation between March and September.
Actually, there is what appears to be a more dense hedgerow below the fenced area, which may be a significant windbreak. All in all, the site is problematic.
It isn’t a windbreak – that’s the point. That corner of the field is on a terraced embankment. The hedgerow of trees to the South is less prominent for the same reason: it’s slightly further downhill too – the road heads downhill heading South.
The lede photo shows the hedgerow what appears to be about a meter higher than the fence. Perspectives can sometimes be tricky. However, it appears to be an effective windbreak. As dense as it appears, it would probably deflect wind upwards, even if the same height as the fence.
Local station maxima on 23 July
Jerzu RF 42.10
Jerzu C.RA Genna 46.57
Jerzu RU 48.20
Barisado RU 47.21
From https://dati-annuali-rete-arpas-2021-arpas.hub.arcgis.com/apps/dati-meteo-sardegna-ultimi-7-giorni/explore
Jerzu C.RA Genna 46.57
Jerzu RU 48.20
Jerzu C.RA Genna is 200m higher than Jerzu RU
This given 1K / 100m these station confirms the Jerzu RU temps
Perhaps slightly off topic, but can anyone tell me where in the US this July is/has been the hottest on record? I just looked at the records for the Kansas City area (where I live), the Dallas/Ft Worth area, Oklahoma City area, Flagstaff, Arizona area, and Winslow Arizona area. Exactly none of these high heat places–or at least places claiming to have a persistent heat wave–will have anything close to the hottest on record, and in some cases, below the “por” average.
I live in Oklahoma and I would say it has been a fairly mild summer this year. We have had lots of rain, which is unusual, and although we have had a couple of 100F hot spells, and are having one now, it’s not nearly as bad as it could be. I’ve seen a lot worse in the past.
So we’ve been lucky so far, and now we are coming to the point in time where the temperatures start to moderate, and we are past the worst of the summer heat almost.
Pretty much a typical summer around here with the plus of a little extra rain.
No climate crisis around here.
Thanks. I also checked the Washington, DC region (a couple places) and New York City. All of which have been cited as experiencing extreme record heat. Again, no monthly records, and relatively close to long term averages.
The climate crisis appears to be in people’s heads, I think.
When you look at these ground stations, their poor condition and siting, you can only conclude that any science depending on these should be treated as low accuracy, at best
How any scientist, or organisation worth their salt, can use data from these low standards collection points with confidence the data is NASA space mission grade accurate, beggars belief
As a competent electrical Engineer and HV PM over many years, I look at these incompetent installations with bewilderment – it looks like it was installed by students, as a school project, in a rush
What no one ever discusses about these real anomalous temperatures is their affect on the variance/standard deviation of the distribution they are included in. Even though this is not an official meteorological station, it is illustrative. As a value at the extreme edge, it will increase the variance/standard deviation of the mean. In essence, it increases the uncertainty interval surrounding the mean.
That is one reason no one involved in climate alarmism ever, ever wants to address the issue of uncertainty. What uncertainty does is destroy anomalies far below what was measured. There is no way that statistics allows one to say that they know what the true anomaly actually is when uncertainty far exceeds the values being quoted.
I recalled this item when reading this post. Related, perhaps?
Is Climate Change really caused by electronic thermometers? (The BOM don’t want Australians to see the data) « JoNova (joannenova.com.au)
Story Tip
Meanwhile in another part of the UK wood a Mr Butterworth, chief executive of National Grid Gas Transmission and Metering is quoted in the Telegraph:
However, Mr Butterworth is adamant that it [gas] will remain an essential part of Britain’s energy sector.
“We’ve got to think of a joined up system,” he said. “When the wind doesn’t blow, gas is absolutely vital.
“If we hadn’t had gas in 2022, there were 260 days when we would have had rolling blackouts, and for 26 of those days we would have had a full blackout.
This is where the UK political class is taking the country. While pretending that its going to run the grid on renewables.
He is also very good on heat pumps, but he shares the (now dying) lunatic idea that hydrogen is a serious alternative to gas. Right, you first make it from gas, when you should and could just burn the gas rather than waste all that energy turning it into hydrogen, then you rebuild the network to carry it, then you take away all demand for it by electrifying everything in sight.
That’s him out of a job tomorrow – the blob does not tolerate sedition against the narrative
“This is where the UK political class is taking the country. While pretending that its going to run the grid on renewables.”
It’s crazy, but that’s what they are doing. And the politicians seem to be oblivious of the end game of trying to do away with coal, oil and natural gas. It’s not going to end well. It should be obvious to everyone. But the politicians don’t see it and are full-steam ahead with destroying the UK’s society and economy by trying to do away with coal, oil and natural gas.
And all over an unwarranted, irrational fear of CO2.
Negligence, incompetence, deliberate…
Doesn’t matter. All BS.
These econutters are quite willing to commit arson, why not fraud. one car battery and a hairdryer is all it takes.
Why lug a heavy car battery around? Much more convenient, and easier to conceal:
Surely the homogenization algorithm will smooth out the outlier?
You know, as it does with old historical records? :-/
Quote: Clearly Jerzu fails Class 3 on two counts:
1) Its proximity to the road
The Temperature Measurement is about 19 m off asmall road.
The picture is not giving the vegetation within the fenced meteo site.
The meteo site is an agrometeorological site; why do you guess that it is not maintained properly.
Paul, your short report reminds me of the Anthoy Watts reporting of the French temperature record some years ago where he brought up pictures from a plant nursery but not a proper picture if thee official meteo station.
ROTFL
When you look closer to the station and the WMO-requierments, this station probaly qulaifies as CLASS 2 Station.
Not the station is poorly placed, your arguments are.