Study: 3% Contrarians Derailing the 97% Climate Consensus

Guest essay by Eric Worrall

h/t Russell Cook; According to a new study, the credibility of the alleged 97% climate consensus is so fragile, the 3% who dissent are completely disrupting climate action. And Naomi Oreskes is really important.

Who are the 3 Per Cent? The Connections Among Climate Change Contrarians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2021
Laura D. Young and Erin B. Fitz

Despite 97 per cent of scientists agreeing on anthropogenic global warming, the remaining 3 per cent play a critical role in keeping the debate about climate consensus alive. Analysis of climate change contrarians from multi-signatory documents reveals 3 per cent of signees to be climate experts, while the remaining 97 per cent do not meet expert criteria and are also involved with organizations and industries who make up the climate change countermovement. The data also reveal most contrarians to be aged sixty-five or older. As a result, we explore other factors (for example, collective memories and ideological views) that may have also contributed to expert and non-expert views.

Read more: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD

One eye catching feature of the study is the number of mentions of Naomi Oreskes. She is given absolute prominence in the presented history of climate science narrative – 17 mentions in the study. Other high profile researchers such as Michael Mann and the Hockey Stick controversy don’t rate a single mention. A significant part of the study is dedicated to claiming people who criticise Oreskes are wrong. (h/t Russell)

So what motivates the 3% to oppose the 97% climate consensus? The authors appear to suggest contrarians are ignorant and biased.

A total of 81 per cent of the climate change contrarians received their highest level of college degree (that is, Bachelor’s, Master’s, PhD, or level of degree relative to institution, location, and/or area of study) in 1985 or prior.Footnote 5 The most common time when contrarians received their degrees was the 1970s.Footnote 6 This suggests individuals receiving their degrees within the last thirty years are less likely to reject the climate change consensus. This pattern could be for several reasons, for example: new modeling or other scientific revelations not known at the time climate change contrarians received their degree; changes in how certain areas (for example, meteorology) approach research; or, as we suggest later, the impact of conservatism/neoliberalism on views of science and/or government

Discussion

What motivates experts and non-experts alike to pursue a position on climate change contrary to scientific consensus? The role of conservative politics, conservative think tanks, and industry efforts that make up the CCCM is well documented; however, our findings reveal other similarities among contrarians worthy of consideration.

Neoliberalism emerged as a driving force to oppose government oversight and regulation, largely related to backlash from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies and subsequent expansion of the federal government. While tenets of neoliberalism (that is, a laissez-faire approach to the market with a heavy emphasis on deregulation and free trade) would become central to CCCM objectives, the ideology pervaded academic circles far earlier (McCright and Dunlap Reference McCright and Dunlap2011a; Oreskes and Conway Reference Oreskes and Conway2010). In fact, while the ideology is most notably associated with the creation of the Chicago School of economics, it was not unique to just Chicago. Neoliberalism was transnational in nature, permeating into other academic and political circles with the help of several institutions established solely to push this ideology (Mirowski and Plehwe Reference Mirowski and Plehwe2009). As a result, by the 1950s, there was “an all-out assault on virtually every aspect of Keynesian economics” led, most notably, by Milton Friedman (Yergin and Stanislaw Reference Yergin, Stanislaw, Yergin and Stanislaw1998, para. 8). By the 1960s and 1970s, neoliberalism was a prominent theory within economics and other disciplines. As a result, much like collective memories pertinent to older contrarians’ formative years, it is reasonable to believe that neoliberal ideology would have impacted contrarians’ attitudes toward science and government prior to the emergence of the CCCM.

Read more: Same link as above

The funniest part of the study is the authors are both political scientists, who feel justified criticising people they claim are non experts for attempting to contribute to the climate debate, without having the self awareness to look in the mirror and question the credibility and depth of their own knowledge.

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shoehorn
December 19, 2021 10:46 pm

Maybe the 81% of the 3% of CCCs who got educated prior to 1986 were taught the scientific method so win the debate against climate modellers and consensus merchants.

Anders Valland
December 20, 2021 2:24 am

As we all know, anyone with a engineering degree learn what they need to know until they graduate. After that they learn nothing new, they just apply what they have learned. Outside college or university they have no-one to help them learn new stuff.

December 20, 2021 6:09 am

I work in the law , and in court cases you usually have two highly educated people with different viewpoints battling it out . The same is true of climate scientists some have very different opinions . I work in counter fraud and you can see some fraud markers in those who promote climate change , the markers are 1) Shut down debate or enquiry – the fraudster doesn’t want you looking 2) outrageous claims – these are designed to muddy the waters of an investigation 3 ) You don’t know what your talking about – again muddy the waters of the investigation 4) personal attacks – these are designed to devalue your evidence 5) Appeals to a higher authority – this is an attempt to intimidate you 6) reluctance in disclosing all the facts and figures – they don’t want you to know

December 20, 2021 7:22 am

yeah someone should tell CERES to stop producing disinformation about LWR not being trapped

December 20, 2021 7:25 am

classic motte and bailey

https://ordinary-times.com/2014/11/12/an-example-of-the-motte-and-bailey-doctrine/

The motte for climate change activists are the following:

  1. Global temperatures are rising.
  2. Greenhouse gases lead to increased temperatures.
  3. Greenhouse gases emitted by humans have led to measurable increases in temperature beyond what would have occurred without any humans.

The above points are highly defensible because Science. I believe they are true (though I do so only via trust in others rather than having evaluated any of the research involved personally).
Activists, however, do not sit in this motte for long. They often go on to make a lot of other claims in the bailey:

  • Long-term projections of the Earth’s climate are accurate.
  • Catastrophe will result in a few decades due to human carbon emissions.
  • Nuclear energy is not a viable alternative to fossil fuels.
  • Carbon capture is not viable.
  • Geoengineering is not viable.
  • Unilateral subsidization of renewables by Western industrialized nations is an effective way to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases.
  • Subsidies of energy-efficient products are a better use of resources rather than research and development.
  • Subsidizing vehicles that pollute less than other vehicles will provide a net reduction in greenhouse emissions.
  • LEED-certified buildings are more energy-efficient than old buildings.
  • Building new LEED-certified buildings reduces net greenhouse emissions relative to not building them.
  • Sending oil by railcar will result in less net emissions than sending oil through a pipeline (e.g. the Keystone pipeline).
Aaron
December 20, 2021 7:39 am

The Guardian is now claiming the Climate Change Consensus to be 99.9%. Wow!

December 20, 2021 7:46 am

NB : All quotes are from the Young & Fitz article (in the “British Journal of Political Science”, it definitely doesn’t qualify as a full “peer-reviewed scientific paper”).

– – – – –

From page 5, the last paragraph of the “Methods” section :

To determine which individuals in our list are climate experts, we applied criteria used by Anderegg et al. (2010), which set a minimum of 20 climate-related, peer-reviewed publications as the base to establish expertise.

That isn’t (multiple) “criteria”, that’s one “criterion”.

From page 8, at the start of the second paragraph of the “Publications” section :

Fourteen [contrarian] individuals (3 per cent) meet expert criteria of having published twenty or more climate-related peer-reviewed articles.

I repeat, that’s one “criterion”.

– – – – –

Jumping back to page 6, the second paragraph of the “Education and Professional Experience” section :

Almost none of the individuals who signed the documents have a degree directly related to climate science. In fact, less than 1 per cent of the individuals in the sample have a degree deemed relevant to climate science, with relevance defined as individuals having a degree in climatology or a similar field. A total of 77 per cent of contrarians, however, have a scientific degree that could provide some knowledge related to climatology, for example, physics, geography, or engineering. Just under 23 per cent of contrarians have a degree with no direct relation to science, for example, statistics, economics, international relations, and those related to the humanities.

OK.

Full disclosure : I have a (Masters-level only, Electrical and Electronic) engineering degree.

By their definition I am “irrelevant” … which is perfectly fine with me as long as the context is clearly laid out (the above paragraph didn’t exactly “jump out at me” when first skimming the article).

– – – – –

Returning to page 5, the first sentence of the “Results” section :

As our aim is to create a profile and look for commonalities among individuals who all share contrarian views …

What sort of “neutral / unbiased / impartial” person would propose an idea for an article (or paper) with that particular “aim” ?

Why should anyone believe that the wide range of “contrarians”, from the mildest of “lukewarmers” (such as myself) all the way to the “Sky Dragon Slayer” nutters, have a single “profile” ?

– – – – –

On page 12, in the “Affiliations” section :

Collectively, our findings show that the majority of those who signed documents that reject AGW are not climate experts. As a result, these individuals lack the authority to render an opinion regarding climate change science.

The ancient Greeks knew that “argument from authority” was a logical fallacy over 2000 years ago.

Deciding that “our finding” that people who are not “climate experts” — i.e. people who don’t have both “a degree in climatology (or a similar field)” and “20 climate-related, peer-reviewed publications” under their belt — shouldn’t be “allowed” to express AN OPINION on the subject is … what’s the right term here ? …

… “authoritarian” ? …

… “totalitarian” ? …

… “fascist” ??? …

… “nukking futz” ? …

December 20, 2021 8:13 am

Separate issue.

On page 1 :

Though few in number, 3 per cent of climate scientists and peer-reviewed climate science papers reject the consensus not only that is climate change occurring, but also that it is happening as a result of human activity

That’s “anthropogenic climate change (ACC)”, not simply “climate change” (see IPCC AR6, Annex VII, Glossary, page AVII-11).

– – – – –

In the “Conclusion” section, page 16 :

Although a gateway belief exists as to the causes and consequences of climate change …

Question 1 : What will be the final “global warming” due to ACC, and when will it occur ?
– 2°C (above “pre-industrial” levels)
– 3°C
– 4°C
– 5°C
– Other (please specify the “consequence”)

Question 2 : What will be the increase in global sea-levels due to ACC in the year 2100 ?
– < 50cm (above the 1990 level)
– > 50cm
– > 1m
– > 2m
– Other (please specify the “consequence”)

Question 3 : How many hurricanes (/ tropical cyclones), with what combined ACE score, will occur globally in the year 2100 ?

Forrest
December 20, 2021 11:24 am

So… Since I believe that CO2 can have an impact on the atmosphere and potentially temperature – doesn’t that mean that I am part of the 97%? However because I do not think based of observational data ( rather than the silly modeling that suggests otherwise ) that it constitutes a crisis does that mean that I am part of the 3%?

Additionally since I view moving to Solar/Wind as a silly method to mitigate the effects of man on the planet, rather I would suggest we move to nuclear and continue to utilize Carbon source mostly for transportation purposes rather than as for electric uses ( until we come up with a better fuel source for vehicles ). Does that make me dangerous?

Hmmmm…

niceguy
December 22, 2021 11:37 pm

Like vaccines: the vaccines are great and the small unvaxxed minority gave COVID to everybody else.