By Javier
A most remarkable climate phenomenon is taking place under our very noses without anybody paying attention to it.
As nearly everybody knows, the planet is warming. Since its short-term rate of temperature change hasn’t changed much, the warming is essentially accomplished because the planet spends less time cooling than warming. Therefore, periods of cooling have become shorter and result in less cooling.
In the figure below, we can see the top 10 biggest periods of cooling in terms of temperature decrease since 1950. The data used is a 13-month centered average of the monthly HadCRUT 4.6 global dataset found here:
The date given is that of the month of maximum temperature when the cooling started, and the length in months is to the month of minimum temperature when the cooling ended.
Notice how the top four took place before 1975, during the ENSO period dominated by La Niña conditions.
The data for the cooling period that started in 02/2016 (red in the figure) is provisional, as the cooling has not ended as of June 2018. If it continues for a few more months, it could easily make it to the top three.
Figure 1
The most remarkable thing is that every single top cooling period in the list has a reasonable explanation except the current one. Two of them are associated with the major volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and Pinatubo, and seven of them are associated with major La Niña events when the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) reached a standard deviation of -1 (see bottom panel in the figure).
Only the current cooling period remains there unexplained, without a big volcanic eruption and without a major La Niña event.
Climate scientists should be looking for a reason for this most interesting cooling instead of ignoring it.
Why is the planet cooling now?
Everybody can have their own favorite explanation. Personally, I see no other reasonable cause for the cooling but low solar activity.
God has a sense of humor…
Yep. That’s why he created mankind. He thought the Universe was a boring place so he created mankind so the rest of the Universe could have a perpetual clown show for entertainment — Then man invented politics and since that happened the clown show has exceeded His expectations for over-the-top and off-the-wall hysteric levels of hilarity. The rest of the Universe laughs at us.
That’s why
heshe created mankind.HeShe thought the Universe was a boring place soheshe created mankind so the rest of the Universe could have a perpetual clown show for entertainment……
..
See, I fixed your errors.
Well, that explains why nothing seems to work quite the way it should.
“Ah yes, Vir. The universe does, after all, have a sense of humor. Unfortunately, not a very pleasant one.” – Ambassador Mollari.
TonyL, like the Babylon5 reference. “Vir” also played a character in Animal House…..
“Fat , drunk, and stupid is no way to go through life, son.”
… and then, because she was feeling guilty, and because personkind was a little too accurate a rendition of herself, she created kittens to try to make it up to personkind.
Kittens are good, one of the best things on Earth according to Morte….
Especially if you use a barbeque sauce with lots of garlic.
you’re missing out on the squiggly shapes if you haven’t tried deep frying.
mankind: wifman and wereman, abbreviated and altered to woman and man. man was the description of the species not a gender.
Wifman we’ll recognise as giving us the word wife, and wereman we know in popular mythology in terms of a hybrid male man/wolf – the werewolf.
Female hybrids would therefore be wifwolves.. I suppose that’s why we’ve never seen to many movies about such creatures – “attack of the WIlfwolf’ just doesn’t have the same ring.
we now return to your normal broadcast
Gender is a grammatical term, not biological. But yes, “Man” means human in the Germanic languages, the species not a sex.
He created dogs after what Eve did.
I’m thinking that the rib myth got started because women have narrower waists than men (at least before childbirth) and wider hips, and in prescientific times, no one bothered actually to count the ribs.
Women and cats run the world. Men and dogs just need to get used to it.
Found in some woman’s recipe book: “How to wok your dog.”
It is better than “cashew kitty”.
And Star Trek Discovery was not a cow… gotcha.
Star Trek Discovery was not a cow
It was a dog.
No, it was a cash grab. I have no idea if it was any good, but I’m not paying an additional monthly fee to see it.
Well done Betty.
Regards
If God is female please explain childbirth.
There is nothing to explain, ….. the female God(ess) created a male human ….. and then created a female human for reproducing all future humans in conjoined succession …… with ONLY the female’s nuclear RNA being inherited by her female offsprings.
The actual question Roy was asking was implied. “If God is female, then why did she cause females to have such a difficult time in childbirth?”
All a woman’s children offspring, male and female alike, inherit her mitochondrial DNA. I admit I don’t know if the same is true about her nuclear RNA, but to me it seems likely.
Sam and Leo,
Mitochondrial DNA is correct.
You don’t inherit nuclear RNA, by which I presume you mean Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA) or U-RNA. It’s made according to instructions in your DNA, which of course comes from both parents, and transcribed by RNA polymerase II or III.
That would be the mitochondrial DNA, NOT the nuclear DNA. Your nuclear DNA is fifty from each parent.
Yeah, if a woman is God , that explains at lot. we all know they are good at giving birth to things but can’t drive. No wonder all those black holes keep crashing to one another.
That is why She had to event free will and let MANkind get on with it.
Ugh… Hey Bets are you a woMAN or a woSHE? (rolls eyes at the absurdest of the absurd.)
That’s taken from a classic graffiti:
1. writes:
> God is black !
2. comments:
> Yes she is !
– and now we need an extra 3.:
> and she’s a cat !
Keep up with the times Betty your feminist rants are stale complaints. Don’t you understand that only God gets to decide what pronoun to use and It matters not what God is only what God says God is. The only open question is: was God once a Theyby.
Ze created mankind?
@ Betty,
It seems your sense of humor (judging by the like/dislike numbers) works just about as well as mine when winning pool, game after game, in a biker bar.
God is neither a he or a she he is something else altogether but he has told us to call him “Father” so you should always refer to him as such.
The reason that God is a ” he ” has to do with something that doesn’t taste like chocolate. Or so I’ve heard
“Betty” is a sockpuppet
Are you another of these Uman hater types Tom.
If so, care to tell me a greater achievement of nature in the universe than Man.
Among amniotes, I’d go with the blue whale and the bee hummingbird.
Don’t forget the platypus.
I realize you jest, but that idea is almost enough to make a believer out of me. If comedy is the purpose, at least there’s a purpose!
Why do people assume God is good, maybe it is a Devil and made sentient beings likes us to suffer for entertainment.
I’ve really never thought otherwise.
I thought El Niños — such as occurred in 2016 — were typically followed by a period of global cooling even if unaccompanied by a La Niña.
No?
Climate change is supposed to be forced. Something must cause the planet to warm or cool and ultimately that something is probably affecting the energy balance one way or another. While small periods of temperature change might be chaotic, it is clear that the major periods of cooling have an associated cause, as can be seen for the other nine in the list. Since the planet is warming, if you don’t have a cause for the cooling, the planet should be warming instead.
While it is true that the end of an El Niño should cause a reduction in the warming rate just due to the disappearance of the warming cause and a drop in temperatures as the lingering heat in the atmosphere leaves the planet, this should not cause in any way a major cooling in the top 6 of the last 70 years.
Say what? The temperature peaked in the El Nino of November of 2015 and started dropping from there. As you point out, other El Ninos were followed by major temperature drops in your graphic above … so why wouldn’t this one? That’s special pleading.
w.
In UAH observations, El Nino peaked in February 2016.
https://www.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/v6.0beta/tlt/uahncdc_lt_6.0beta5.txt
The major temperature drops were caused by major Niñas, not by the preceding Niños.
“unexplained major cooling ”
That is fluffy nonsense.
It is neither unexplained nor major.
1. As others point out a drop after an EN is totally normal.
2. If you call this
a major drop, how would you describe it if temperatures dropped back to the 30 year average?
You’re looking at short term fluctuations overlaid on a rising AGW trend. The solar min might have made a barely measurable difference, but I’d expect the next few years to be back on the rising trend. If it wasn’t that would take some explaining.
When does a drop after an El Niño stop being normal? Statistics say this cooling is already top 6th and the only one in the top 10 without the help of a strong La Niña or a volcanic eruption. Being a unique event fits my definition of not being normal.
The running mean in the UAH graph is down 0.2, I see plenty of 0.2 drops.
And now the hint of warming resuming.
Nothing burger.
1/10ths and even 100ths of a degree…OH MY. Back to my safe space with my teddy. Thanks Ry, don’t know what I’d do without your alarmism!
Then you need to learn some stats. You use the word but you don’t use ANY stats.
Start by learning what a normal distribution is and reflect on why it is called “normal”.
You also need to learn to use a non distorting filter since your pathetic running mean is known to produce spurious peaks and troughs. If you initial data processing introduces spurious rises and falls there is ZERO point in make a list of the “top ten” and scratching your head as to the cause.
This kind of incompetent spreadsheet fiddling is exactly what is wrong with mainstream climatology.
Sorry to be a bit blunt but I’m getting rather tired of pointing out the same errors and seeing people continue using the same broken methods because they are too lazy to learn how to apply anything less problematic than a crappy running mean.
Love the way your “Mt Pinatubo” cooling started before the eruption and the El Chichon stated 18 mo after the eruption. Maybe there is a clue that much of the “volcanic forcing” is being confounded with other variations.
BTW what is the reason for fitting a straight line to the length vs cooling graph? Oh, of course, because that’s all you know to do apart from a running average ( and Excel does it for you , so it only takes two seconds ).
I also noticed that. It is clear that Pinatubo eruption took place in the middle of a cooling period. That’s a job for climate scientists to disentangle the contributions to the cooling. What appears clear is that the eruptions contributed to the cooling. The scientific literature on that is huge, and it has made it to the models.
Lean to use a proper filter. Pathetic running means are well documented to distort the data and produce spurious peaks and troughs.
Since you are basing the rest of your analysis on peaks and trough , your list of the “top ten” is meaningless so don’t spend too long scratching your head or jumping to “conclusion” like “solar: what else could it be?”
This kind of Micky Mouse , spreadsheet fiddling is what is wrong with much of mainstream climate science.
You talk about statistics buy you don’t use ANY statistics. Start by learning what a normal distribution is and reflect on why it is called normal. Then apply some statistics to the very small number of intervals in your sample and come back and tell us how important sixth from the top is.
Sorry , this is junk science of the premier order.
I tell you the same I told Willis. It took me 10 minutes to analyze the data for this post. It shouldn’t take you longer to do it your favorite way. Do it and post your results so we can see the differences it makes and how significant they are for the main conclusions of the article.
Otherwise your criticism and opinions are irrelevant.
And you are barking the wrong tree here. This ain’t climate science or wouldn’t be posted on an internet blog. This is science opinion.
“I tell you the same I told Willis. It took me 10 minutes to analyze the data for this post. It shouldn’t take you longer to do it your favorite way. Do it and post your results so we can see the differences it makes and how significant they are for the main conclusions of the article.”
Sounds like a fair bargain to me. I look forward to the debate.
don’t hold your breath. Greg won’t produce anything that takes effort. He like to armchair criticize.
@RyanS
The injtial cooljng in the TLT post 2015 El Nino peak was the steepest most rapid cooling in the entirety of the TLT dataset. That’s major cooling.
Why would you expect “the next few years to be on a rising trend”? If the anomaly behaves as it has post the previous Super El Nino in 97/98, it will settle at approximately where it currently is right now for zero warming for the next X amount of years until the Super El Nino.
There has not been a “rising trend” in the TLT in the behaviour of the anomalies as you seem to think. Since 1979 there has been as close to zero warming as what you can get from 1979 to 1997, then a step change in the anomaly post 97/97 Super El Nino followed by another protracted period of close to zero warming as you can get which if the anomaly behaves as it did post 97/98 peak for the 15 Peak, there will be another step change upward followed by another protracted period of as close to zero warming as you can get.
The only statistically significant warming in the entirety of the TLT dataset has occurred as a short burst step change in anomaly trend post 97/98 and if things go as they did post 97/98 peak, another short burst step change post the 15 peak will occur which will not be evident for at least another 2 to 5 years.
If it does, the real work of atmospheric science will be to determine why the energy in the atmosphere released by the oceans during the two Super El Nino’s did not fully dissapate from the atmosphere post those two el ninos.
Where’s my safe room…I mean, we are talking 1/10ths of a degree here. OH MY. TAKE MY MONEY AND FIX IT!
We are obviously basing our conclusions on different data. In the graph Ryan put out, it’s the eighth largest cooling since 79. Since the linked table doesn’t even have column headers or units, I’ll have to defer to the UAH graph.
I have to side with Ryan on this. It is far too soon for any sort of conclusion. Give it another year or if it gets a lot bigger, and I’ll consider it more important. As it is, it’s far too early to tell. We definitely don’t want to jump the gun on this.
and here I thought Ryan finally made a reasonable point…but alas, his self-deception reared its ugly head, again:
“You’re looking at short term fluctuations overlaid on a rising AGW trend.”
AGW trend? Evidence please.
That wriggly red line on the UAH graph, can you see it? Its wriggling up.
Or are my eyes deceiving themselves!
Something is causing that and 30 GT of CO2 might well be the culprit.
Ryan,
From 1999 to 2015, its wriggle trend was down.
Since CO2 increased all during that period, the gain in vital plant food can’t be the cause.
Same as when CO2 grew steadily after WWII, but Earth cooled alarmingly until the PDO flip of 1977.
The AGW hypothesis has been repeatedly busted by Mother Nature’s reality.
You said “A”GW trend.
What does “A” stand for?
Is it something that can be evidenced by the graph alone?
If not, honest liberty’s request is fair enough.
To take an example, if the “A” stood for “anthropogenic”, then clearly the graph wouldn’t be evidence of any such thing, and you’d have beclowned yourself. Merely saying that CO2 “might” have caused it isn’t evidence.
This is not the 1980s for explanations. We have this now….
http://www.climate4you.com/images/NOAA%20SST-NorthAtlantic%20GlobalMonthlyTempSince1979%20With37monthRunningAverage.gif
El Coño remains to be discovered.
An El Nino, by its very nature, is a temporary phenomenon. The temperature goes up briefly and then drops. Always. We have never seen an El Nino that wasn’t accompanied by a drop.
An El Nino involves massive amounts of water sloshing around. link The water can’t pile up forever. It has eventually to slosh back. That’s why El Ninos are temporary. Everything else is a spurious correlation.
Sure, after an El Niño there is always cooling, but as the analysis shows, without a big La Niña afterwards to cool the Pacific surface you don’t get a major cooling.
without a big La Niña afterwards to cool the Pacific surface you don’t get a major cooling
This is verifiably wrong just by looking at the current event.
This is what I am saying. Current cooling is an exception. Another one took place in the 1870s.
All is relative (Quija board Herr Einstein for an explanation). There can be cooling relative to an El Nino peak – but nor relative to the mean, which may still be warming.
Or it can be cooling relative to the mean. (Depending on how the mean is defined, of course – define it one way, there is cooling, define it another, there is warming.)
Did you mean a Luigi Board?
https://youtu.be/15nNY7uofNw
An El Nino is a temporary burst of energy that warms the atmosphere. With the cessation of the warm pulse, you would expect temperatures to naturally drop back to what they were prior to the initialization of that pulse. No need to invoke any other mechanism.
Until temperatures drop below what they were at the start of the El Nino, you cannot honestly declare that we have seen a bout of planetary cooling.
Why? The idea is that ENSO is climate neutral because El Niño and La Niña events compensate each other, not because they revert to baseline. Actually it is said that the 1950-1975 period shaw cooling because of an excess of Niñas that clearly did not revert to baseline. I fail to see why the temperature should drop back to baseline. Plenty of people defend that the 1982 and 1998 El Niño events contributed to the warming, so it must not be that obvious.
It seems to me that a lot of people is ready to defend that if after the big El Niño the temperature doesn’t return to the prior value then it is global warming, and if it does then it is what should be expected. Where is the data that says that all the heat brought to surface by an El Niño must necessarily be disposed off and cannot increase the temperature of the planet?
Stop and think for a second. If you warm something up, then cut back the heat, the something is going to cool.
You don’t need anything to cause the cooling. Radiating away excess energy is what objects do.
The air warms because there is a big pulse of warm water. When that pulse returns to it’s normal temperature, the air will also return to it’s normal temperature.
There is no normal temperature in a warming world. There is no normal temperature to return too. We have no idea of how much cooling should take place after a big El Niño, so the only way to go about this is to compare it to similar periods as I have done.
MarkW Define heat, warm and cool, please. Are you talking Newtons or Celsius. You keep mixing your units as if they are all the same making your statements incomprehensible. Example if I cut back the heat (energy) to boiling water, but not enough to make it stop boiling the water does not cool(temperature). Thus, if you stop and think for a second, using these definitions your statements has been proved by repeatable experiments to be false. This is the problem with climate science most don’t define the units and thus are talking gibberish including “scientists”.
Mark,
One thing about El Nino is that the warm water was already there, but just in a different place, ie piled up against New Guinea and Australia. When the trade winds hold the warm water there in the west, local sea level is higher than in the Eastern Pacific. New Guinea is just south of the equator. The tropical sun heats that mass of water.
When the trades slacken, the warm water sloshes across the Pacific basin, arriving off the coast of tropical South America. Sometimes it only gets as far as the tropical Central Pacific. But off the Americas, it can spread out, cool off and get replaced by cold water.
The other thing is that cool water usually wells up off the South American Pacific coast, and arrives there from Antarctica with the Humboldt Current. This upwelling is what makes the great fisheries there, leading to vast guano deposits, thanks to sea birds’ eating the fish.
So the normal state is upwelling, until and unless the trades slacken. The so-called La Nada is thus really just a less powerful La Nina. The cold water also makes for the desert conditions in coastal Peru and northern Chile (comparable to Namibia and northwestern South Africa).
IMO what causes the trade winds (created by Earth’s rotation, plus oceanic and atmospheric circulation) to subside is the sun, especially its UV component, which makes and breaks ozone. This variation in solar radiation flux affects atmospheric pressure, hence wind strength and even direction.
Please correct me if wrong.
Wrong it is a change in the direction of jet stream that temporarily changes the measured temperatures. You can not measure energy using just a thermometer reading. It is not physically possible. By the way how do you CREATE this burst of energy?
The burst of energy in the air is caused by an increase in water temperatures.
How do you know there has been a burst of energy to begin with?
So water temperature increases, causing the energy in the water to burst into the air, correct? Which would then of course remove energy from the water, so then there should be a corresponding drop in the measured energy of the water. I don’t recall seeing graphs of ocean energy moving opposite of atmosphere energy during these events. If they do exist then that would be a strong indicator your argument is correct. If those measurements show a steady state or rise then either you are wrong or the data is wrong and nothing can be determined accurately.
The ‘planetary temperature’ as measured by who? They all suck rocks. I’ll stick with the UAH for most comprehensive and unbiased look. So it’s clicked up a few 1/10ths…BIG EFFING DEAL. Hate this crap.
Seems obvious to me. the cause is volcanoes and which way the wind is blowing. Now all you need to do is figure out what causes the wind to change direction.
co2 of course!!!!!!!
do I really need to put a sarc tag?
I am not sure if I’m reading between the lines with 20-20 vision, Javier, but are you implying perhaps that the various excuses for cooling periods were invalid, and the claim that CO2 forces warming is likewise at least an exaggerated effect? In other words, nobody has accurately identified the primary cause for the atmosphere’s oscillating temperature?
As Willis argued persuasively, volcanoes don’t explain cooling as has often been invoked by the CAGW faithful. Is there a case of cooling that did not immediately follow a Niño?
I am not going that far. My point is that the current period of cooling is too large to be explained with the usual arguments, and the most likely explanation is that CO2 forcing is overrated and solar variability forcing underrated. That’s already farther than most climate scientists are willing to go, at least publicly.
Heat in, heat out.
Correct – the global mean temperature does appear to drop after an El Nino spike.
I don’t know the reason of course, but I speculate this might be happening:
– the warm water buried in the ocean gets forced to the surface.
– the warm water raises the global mean temperature.
– the warm water cools as the thermal energy is lost to space.
– the now-cool water drops the global mean temperature.
Or it could be air moving molecules from one region to another causing a change in temperature but not a change in energy which is why when the wind changes back so do the temperatures mostly. The temperature swing is way more in one year then projectedCAGW for decades.
I have been saying for a while, no one is looking at the mechanisms that control the temperature anomalies, where and why they vary. They are numbers without any analysis.
Regards
Serously Harry? I think you’re only firing on one otter today
Actually the ‘warm water’ does not come up from below, it sloshes in from the west as the trades weaken…El Nino. Stronger trades pile the warm water up over western Pac and upwelling of colder water causes the La Nina.
Hint, the time-depth-temperature data transects from ARGO do not show warmth “hiding” or “buried” at depth. Why ignore such a marvelous, publicly-funded and high tech ocean temperature measurement system?
“As nearly everybody knows, the planet is warming. Since its short-term rate of temperature change hasn’t changed much, the warming is essentially accomplished because the planet spends less time cooling than warming. Therefore, periods of cooling have become shorter and result in less cooling.”
The above paragraph is nonsense. If you are trying to say that the little bit of warming is the result of massive cooling trying to counteract the even more massive warming caused by CO2, you are dead wrong for a 100 different reasons all delineated here many times by us skeptics. . You offer no new facts and only one new conclusion with no supporting evidence. So I wonder what exactly is the point of your article?
Looks like someone had their sense of irony and humor shot off in the climate wars.
naw, I agree the OP isn’t very well posted.
Yes, the article author is trying to claim cooling causes warming. It doesn’t of course – warming causes warming. But the earth does indeed cool when there is less warming coming in, I accept that.
I imagine all these “cooling” rays coming from the sun, a sort of Mr Freeze effect 🙂
…technically…
Actually in the “race to zero” the winning laboratory used lasers to cool the samples the last couple degrees. Directly. Pew Pew. Cold.
The truth is that there are energy states that cannot be shed until enough heat has been applied and also the old convection rule about using hot water to freeze blocks of ice is a fact.
Hot water freezes faster because it has little air in it, not because it was hot.
The lasers in your example were not adding heat, they counteracted the vibrations of the molecules, cancelling heat.
MarkW
That is not how lasers are used to cool atoms. Quite the opposite in fact. Read a little and you will see how it works. The atoms are hit with energy at one wavelength stimulating them to emit a photon at a different wavelength with more energy than the original input. The results is cooling.
The “hot water freezes’ is also incorrect on two points. Air doesn’t interfere with the freezing of water. Hydrogen bonds do.
http://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/hot-water-freezes-faster-cold-and-now-we-know/
The enthalpy of water that has been cold for a long time is higher than water that was heated then cooled quickly to the same “starting” temperature. The from that point, the water that was heated will freeze faster.
Harry
It is assumed that all tropical evaporation yields 100% heat loss to space. No. The atmospheric system can choke and drop huge volumes of warm rain water.
No one is quantifying earths heat removal efficiency. It is not annually consistant.
Your post does not make any sense, I do not know what you are even talking about.
“Yes, the article author is trying to claim cooling causes warming”
Well, for years alarmists have been claiming warming causes cooling so what’s good for the goose./sarc
Alan,
if you look at a global warming contour map (I posted 2 further down), then you will see that the overall warming rate IS the result of the sum of massive warming, and massive cooling.
I use ruby-red for all warming rates greater than or equal to +5.0 degrees Celsius per century.
I use dark-indigo for all warming rates less than or equal to -5.0 degrees Celsius per century.
The reason that I do this, is because the warming rate from one month to the next, can be very high (like +200.0 degrees Celsius per century), or very low (like -200.0 degrees Celsius per century). The reason that the average warming rate is around +1.8 or +2.0 degrees Celsius per century, is because those very high rates cancel each other out, leaving a small remainder.
“The reason that the average warming rate is around +1.8 or +2.0 degrees Celsius per century, is because those very high rates cancel each other out, leaving a small remainder.”
I think that’s completely backwards. A more obvious way to look at it is that the reason there is a long term average warming rate of around 1.9°C/century is because that is the underlying rate, and the reason you see huge variations over very short periods is because of noise.
It’s inevitable that the high rates cancel each other out because they are not the real trend, just random variation about the true trend.
Bellman,
there is no climate GOD setting the “real” trend.
Every day, over land, the temperature range is about 10 degrees Celsius. That is warming and cooling at a rate of about 730,000 degrees Celsius per century.
The “average” is around 1.9 degrees Celsius per century.
So it is 0.00026 percent signal, and 99.99974 percent noise, from a daily point of view.
And believe me, the warming and cooling EVERY DAY, is REAL.
“there is no climate GOD setting the “real” trend.”
Whatever causes a trend the job of statistics is to determine if a trend actually exists and if so what sort of trend it is. Your argument seems to be that random fluctuations in temperature can cause a non existent trend to appear. This is precisely what statistics tries to avoid with significance testing. If a trend is statistically significant it is unlikely to be the result of random variation.
“So it is 0.00026 percent signal, and 99.99974 percent noise, from a daily point of view.”
Which is irrelevant. The daily seasonal fluctuations make no difference to the average measured over any sensible length of time. Monthly global averages do not vary by 10 degrees.
I was thrown by the wording of that paragraph too.
Planet is warming.
Temp hasn’t changed in short-term.
Planet spends less time cooling than warming. Doesn’t that mean planet spends more time warming than cooling?
Periods of cooling have become shorter and result in less cooling? Doesn’t that mean less cooling results in more warming?
I’m not seeing how the cooling premise stands here.
Now if only someone could figure out what causes the ENSO.
As long as I can get chocolate ice cream, I do not really care which way the thermometer’s readings float. 🙂
Odd of me to respond that way, I know, but – well, that’s just me.
The Southern Oscillation is the key to El NIno’s and La Nina’s.
That changing pressure pattern across 3000 miles of ocean, along with the MJO, alter the normal steady TradeWinds, and thus the wind tension on the tropical Pacific.
Understand the why’s of the SO, understand ENSO.
It’s the sun! A shocker, I know.
http://www.issibern.ch/teams/interplanetarydisturb/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Asikainen_03_2014.pdf
Both the ENSO and the NAO are driven by solar activity variations.
“an unexplained major cooling “
Hardly unexplained. Everyone expected that a major El Niño, as in 2016, would lead to a high peak in temperature, followed by a decline. It’s the way they work. You’re reckoning this “cooling” from the peak of the El Niño (2/2016). The level after the decline was higher than the level before.
why do you think the decline is over…
…and what lotto numbers should I pick
Correct me if wrong, but hasn’t 2018 been cooler than 2015 in GISS?
In UAH observations, 2018 so far has been slightly warmer than 2015:
Average anomaly of ~0.21 v. ~0.23.
The higher July anomaly accounts for 2018’s slight warmth advantage to date.
Yes, and 2018 so far is higher than 2014 … what’s your point?
w.
My point should be obvious. It’s in reply to Nick’s claim that Earth hasn’t yet returned to conditions before the 2015-16 Super El Nino.
If it hasn’t yet, the trend is clearly down. In GISS, unless it has been “adjusted”, the planet has cooled dramatically since Feb 2016.
We’ll see about 2015 v. 2018 in five months. This year is liable to be cooler, since El Nino was building in the latter months of 2015 (0.41, 0.33 and 0.45 degrees C anomalies for Oct-Dec).
“This year is liable to be cooler, since El Nino was building in the latter months of 2015 “
Indeed, so it isn’t reasonable to use 2015 as the “before” condition. 2018 is well ahead of 2014, and that was a record in its time.
The first half of 2015 is a valid “before” comparison. Even with the current quarter, ie July, August and September. The anomalies for Aug and Sep 2015 were about the same as the average for the previous seven months.
The effect of El Nino became evident in the fourth quarter.
OK, mean Jan-Jun 2015 was 0.8166C (GISS). For 2018, it was 0.8283.
Thanks.
In UAH, average monthly anomaly was exactly the same 0.2183 for Jan-Jun in both years.
H1 2015 was 0.817. For 2018, it was 0.828
H1 2015 was 0.82. For 2018, it was 0.83
H1 2015 was 0.8. For 2018, it was 0.8
Nick, you have failed to say why temperature should go back to baseline after the big El Niño in the absence of a big La Niña. There is lots of extra CO2 in the atmosphere and the planet should be warming, not going back to baseline. What should cause the planet to cool back to the pre-El Niño situation?
Javier,
“What should cause the planet to cool back to the pre-El Niño situation?”
Because ENSO is a well characterised sloshing situation. Here is another post from Bob T, this time Dec 2015, tracking the pulse of warm water that came from the W pacific. It is a finite pulse, and the warmth it brings will mostly pass. And sure enough, Bob’s post was titled “December 2015 ENSO Update – Shouldn’t Be Long Now Until the El Niño Starts to Decay”.
The El Niño cause isn’t just my idea. Here is Roy Spencer’s May 2018 UAH V6 post:Global temperature continues to drop from El Nino induced high.
Nick, I have no problem with a temperature decline after an El Niño, but since you claim to have read Bob Tisdale’s writings you are misrepresenting him, because he defends that after a big El Niño the temperature of the planet experiments a jump (step up). So he clearly does not expect the temperature of the planet to go back to baseline after a big El Niño and you cannot use him to say why you expected temperature to go back to baseline. So you still have not told us why do you think that in a planet that is warming a big El Niño should be followed by cooling back to baseline.
The basic idea is that ENSO is neutral because Niñas and Niños compensate each other over the long term. But what you are saying implies that Niñas are not needed and even if there was only Niños they would still go back to baseline.
“you cannot use him to say why you expected temperature to go back to baseline”
I actually noted that it is still above where it was. But Bob obviously expects a decline, which you say is unexplained. GISS rose about 0.6°C to Feb 2016. If there weren’t a decline from such peaks, warming would be rapid indeed.
Here is a GFDL GCM reproduction of ENSO events. Their pulsatile character is obvious.
Nick, you keep going back to the expected decline. Of course a temperature decline is expected by everybody after a peak in a strong El Niño. That is not what is being discussed. It is your expectation that the decline should go all the way down to the initial temperature prior to El Niño that we are discussing. I was expecting you would back that expectation with some scientific literature on why the subsurface heat brought to surface by an El Niño cannot be used to warm the planet and the temperature is expected to return to the prior state. It looks to me more and more that your expectation is just an opinion not based neither in scientific literature nor in analysis of the data, and thus pretty worthless.
And if there is no expectation that the post-El Niño cooling should proceed all the way to the prior temperature, then it is remarkable that this post-El Niño presents so much cooling without the help of a strong La Niña. What is causing this cooling to be so strong as to make it to the top 6, above the cooling caused by the Pinatubo and Chichon eruptions, that so many articles generated? Why is it stronger that the cooling from big El Niño events that were followed by big La Niña events?
Javier,
“That is not what is being discussed. It is your expectation that the decline should go all the way down to the initial temperature prior to El Niño that we are discussing. “
No, you keep misrepresenting me on that in a way that is obvious. I expressed no “expectation that the decline should go all the way down to the initial temperature”, and I have none. To the contrary, I noted that that hadn’t happened. What is actually being discussed is your claim that since the El Niño peak, there is an unexpected cooling. I insist that cooling was expected, and the magnitude seen is not surprising – and it is less than the prior rise.
Nick,
Then it is you who is misrepresenting me. I haven’t said that the cooling is unexpected. What is unexpected is that we would get a cooling of a magnitude of the top 10 without the help of a strong La Niña. And is unexpected because it hasn’t happened since 1950. It did happen in the 1870’s, but then there wasn’t any significant anthropogenic CO2. Such a big cooling you shouldn’t expect. The fact that is continuing is amazing.
What is cooling the planet now, two and a half years after the big El Niño ended?
Javier,
“Then it is you who is misrepresenting me. I haven’t said that the cooling is unexpected”
Well, the heading says:
“The planet is experiencing an unexplained major cooling “
I actually meant to write unexplained, but I think there is little difference here. It can’t really be expected but unexplained.
“What is cooling the planet now”
I don’t think it is cooling now. As I noted above, the first 6 months of 2018 (GISS 0.93C) is warmer than the first six of 2015, and significantly warmer than 2014 (0.74), which was a record to that date.
Nick, the key word here is major. A cooling was expected, but why should it be a major one? As I have showed, previous major coolings were associated to either strong Las Niñas or volcanic eruptions. Is this so hard to understand or are you just being obnoxious?
Your information is not good. This is yesterday’s output of CFSR courtesy of Oz4caster.
https://oz4caster.wordpress.com/cfsr/
The last time the annual average went down a pixel was a week ago. The cooling is continuing as of now.
Javier,
“Your information is not good. This is yesterday’s output of CFSR courtesy of Oz4caster.”
Well, I do my own plots, collected here. Here are a number of indices, anomaly base 1981-2010, over the last 4 years. Hard to see major recent cooling there.
And more recently, based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, from here:
Yes, I know about the Moyhu place although I don’t use it. Your results are similar to others.
The problem is that it lacks the resolution of daily data and that the data is artificially divided in irregular 28-31-day bins incrementing the noise.
Thanks Javier. As a footnote, the daily CFSR global surface temperature anomaly estimate for August 21 UTC at 0.105C (referenced to 1979-2000) dropped to its lowest point since 0.09C for 2015 July 11 and is forecast by the GFS to drop to near or possibly slightly below 0.0C around next Saturday-Sunday (Aug 25-26). If it drops below 0.0C, that would be the lowest since -0.01C for 2014 June 30. Stay tuned the next few days.
The daily values are quite noisy, so I like to look at the 91-day (seasonal indicator) and 365-day annual indicators for longer term trends. The 365-day centered running mean is still about 0.2C above where it was at the beginning of 2014. If it continues falling at the same rate as over the last 6-months, it will drop to about 0.1C higher than that level in about another 6 months (early 2019). It would have to continue dropping at that rate for another year or possibly a little longer (late 2019) to reach the level of early 2014. If that happens, it will truly be back to where it was during “the pause”. Time will tell.
Thank you Bryan,
I also like following the annual mean and the recently added seasonal mean. The trend is clear and the only question is when it is going to stop. It has already been longer than I expected, and sooner or later it will stop. The graph in the article shows that 3 year-long cooling periods are very rare, and 4 year-long cooling periods have not taken place since 1950.
Graphical analysis of your data, as I learned to do in investing. It will tell when there is a significant deviation from current trend.
The CFSR estimated GMSTA dropped to 0.01C today (2018 Aug 25) referenced to 1979-2000 and this ties what was last seen on 2014 November 28. This recent downward spike was led primarily by very cold Antarctic temperatures and is weather related. However, the continued overall downward trend may be a hint that GMSTA will be slowly dropping back to 2014 levels at the tail end of “the pause” over the next year or so.
It will also help 2018 be 4th warmest behind 2015, and that is also good to reduce the level of climate hysteria in the media.
1998
Nick just so we can be clear about this. Do you agree that John Christy and Roy Spencer would never fudge the UAH figures? Because if the climate was truly headed for disaster and they knowingly made things look like everything was all right that would be like committing suicide or treason, right? Therefore we can all keep debating with bated breath on the UAH results. Climate science will live or die on the UAH satellite data cause its the only data that both sides trust? Correct?
I don’t imagine scientists ever fudge temperatures. They try to get them right. But satellite measurements are intrinsically unreliable, as shown by the very big changes that both UAH and RSS have made in recent years.
Well, if as you say the satellite measurements are intrinsically unreliable and since the surface data is incomplete, contested, contaminated by heat island effect changes and time of observation bias, and subject to a variety of interpretations, it might be more productive call the whole warming debate off and admit that nothing in the data so far indicates climate catastrophe is immanent. But of course, it’s a lot of fun arguing and disagreeing and pondering how the earth’s weather and climate system is ticking over.
There hasnt been any UAH adjustments since they found that the satellite was losing its orbit position. Since then everything has been fine and that problem won’t resurface now that they are aware that every satellite does this. The RSS changed their figures to be more in line with the FALSE groundset data. They were pressured to do so. The UAH dataset now stands as the only dataset that skeptics will trust. If alarmists wont trust it then we cant argue about temperature. Then lets argue about some other data that is proving that global warming exists. I have been looking for it for 30 years since Hansen’s testimony and I havent seen it yet. The ball is in your court Nick. Your task is to prove that the null hypothesis should be rejected. To date I haven’t seen any evidence that would reject it.
Nick writes
IMO this is because the structure of the atmosphere is changing and the models used by UAH and RSS only work for a short time. But if you can’t reliably measure it when you have the opportunity to calibrate (and do) then what value can you put in a GCM’s representation of the atmosphere as it evolves?
For the complete picture:
(July- +0.02 vs. June) is included. I don’t see any cooling!
But you did see the previous warming, didn’t you? That is called selective perception. It is a bias.
No, I see the warming from 2014 on to the beginning of 2016 and a ( smaller) cooling since then. Overall: warming since 2014 and not cooling!
It is a well known fact that trends are absolutely dependent on starting and ending points. You have chosen a starting point that allows you to ignore the cooling it is taking place. Because cooling is any decrease in temperature, even the one that takes place from day to night.
I have chosen a trend that maximizes the change in global average temperature by choosing the last local maximum (Feb 2016) and following the trend until the next local minimum whenever it takes place. A cooling it is even if you don’t see it.
No. It is not the way they work. Only Niños that are followed by strong Niñas make it to the list of top periods of cooling… except 2016.
shhh…if it had been two back to back El Ninos that lasted for ~5 years…..everyone in Nick’s world would have expected that too
The bigger the El Nino, the bigger the subsequent cooling.
I’d like to see a plot for that.
Here is just one example of Bob Tisdale, at WUWT, predicting just such a decline of temperatures following the El Niño peak. No-one disagreed.
He probably expected a big La Niña that has not taken place. Such cooling without a strong La Niña and without a strong volcanic eruption is UNPRECEDENTED
He whose name shall not be mentioned predicted this hot dry summer across N America 15 years ago, based on the solar jerk. He also said it would be cooling. Both of these occurred: an El Nino Modokai following a major El Nino during a period of cooling.
Obviously the Modokai will end, the cooling will continue after the current perturbation. Cooling will continue for another seven years then there will be another hot year.
It is therfore conceivable that the cooling duration could be 60-80 months. Wouldn’t that be interesting?
Voldemort is now involved in climate forecasting? Sheesh, I knew that guy was not to be trusted
We have seen times of low solar activity in the past. Why did that not cause cooling?
Next, using a smoothed time series as input to a calculation is a big no-no, as explained here and here.
It gets worse. Using a centered smoother instead of a trailing smoother brings in information from the future … a very, very bad idea for anything but display purposes.
Next, solar activity has been dropping since about 1980, but overall temperatures have continued to rise. See the data that you are using for evidence of that … if solar is the cause, why would it be warming overall while the sun is cooling overall?
Finally, we have seen dropping temperatures since the last big El Nino event, just as with the previous El Nino events … so despite the “no La Nina” mantra, it is indeed the result of the El Nino/La Nina pump at work.
But heck … other than those five gaping holes in your argument, you’re doing well …
w.
They are holes to you.
If you are worried about my use of averages redo the calculations with your averages and discuss the differences you find. Otherwise it is just armwaving.
Next, I already showed you that solar activity has not been dropping since 1980. We need to review it to fix the information.
PMOD TSI
F10.6 Flux and EUV
You should abandon those old fake memes.
Finally, show me a big El Niño in the last 70 years that was not followed by a big La Niña and yet showed a big temperature decline like the one we are seeing. I guess not.
The current definition of “La Nina” is goofy. “La Nina” is a temperature drop in the Equatorial Pacific from November of one year to November of the next year, as shown below.
And yes, Javier, there was a large La Nina drop following the 2015 El Nino, larger than most in fact. So OF COURSE we’d expect a global temperature drop to follow that La Nina drop. Read’em and weep …
w.
Javier, let me add the following:
AS EXPECTED BY EVERYONE … well, everyone but you I guess, global temperatures started dropping about three months after the November peak of the 2015 El Nino … do you truly think this was just a big coincidence?
w.
As above, peak was in February 2016, so temperature started dropping in the next month, ie March.
I see you have to move the goalposts.
The first Niña conditions in 2016 were just 3 months below -0.5°C anomaly in Niño 3.4, and the second Niña period in 2017-18 barely fitted the definition of a Niña event (5 consecutive periods of 3 months below -0.5°C).
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/gcos_wgsp/Timeseries/Data/nino34.long.anom.data
Not a single month reached -1.0°C.
Both the MEI and SOI indexes show very weak Niña conditions after the big El Niño of 2015-16.
So no Willis, there was no large La Niña following the 2015-16 El Niño.
Good for you if you expected the cooling, but even then, it remains unexplained. Clearly the sixth biggest cooling in the past 70 years was not caused by a big La Niña.
No it was caused by two consecutive minor La Ninas separated by a short El Nino pulse and the fact that the strong 2015 El Nino was over.
When you take your foot off the accelerator, do you ask why the car is slowing down? It’s no mystery as to why after three consecutive El Ninos, and with the last being a major one, there would be cooling afterwards.
According to BOM, there has not been a La Nina following the recent strong El Nino.
ENSO has, on a couple of occasions, flirted with being a La Nina without ever quite crossing the threshold.
I haven’t checked, but if I recall correctly NOAA did declare a La Nina, for a month or so, but BOM did not.
Isn’t it the case that during the satellite era, ENSO has not been neutral in the sense that there have been more El Ninos than La Ninas and/or the strength of the EL Ninos has been stronger than the strength of the corresponding La Nina? If that is indeed the position, then one might expect to see a slight warming trend during the satellite era reflecting the positive contribution ENSO has been making.
There’s one basic problem with your reply.
Temperature at sea level is regulated by gravity and the Earth’s atmosphere has been shrinking. The specific heat of a mass of air changes with the density but we only ever measure the pressure… which is NOT interchangeable in reality.
The atmosphere is shrinking? Do tell. And show some evidence, please.
The earth has a thermal lag, the low time between solar cycles is not long enough to have much of an impact.
The latest cycle is however weaker than the several that preceded it.
Exactly, solar flux is a slow variable for the variance in irradiance that has been measured so far.
Not to disagree with you main argument, but,
“Next, using a smoothed time series as input to a calculation is a big no-no…”
That’s only true if you are using the smoothed series as input to something like a linear regression. What Javier seems to be doing is much cruder, looking at the difference between a peak and a trough. In that case using a rolling average is much better than using individual months.
“It gets worse. Using a centered smoother instead of a trailing smoother brings in information from the future…
It makes no difference if you use a centered or trailing smoothing. All using a non-centered average would do would be to shift the dates by 6 months.
Better look at the AMO not-detrended chart again with the update through July. This and solar minimum should not be overlooked.
I agree. Who estimates a high influence of solar forcing MUST estimate a very high sesitivity of the temperatures vs. CO2 with the given T-record since 1990 or so. This is the dark side of the sun…
I disagree. That statement carries several assumptions that are likely not to be true. Those that repeat it are usually unaware of said assumptions, as they rarely have critically examined the question.
Javier, if you specified the exact “assumptions that are likely not to be true” instead of just waving your hands and pointing, you might get some traction …
w.
I wanted people to think by themselves to see if they could spot the undemonstrated assumptions in that statement, but I guess that is too much to ask from some people so I’ll put the spoiler.
1. Assumption that the effect of solar variability on climate is mediated solely by changes in TSI. Thus given the small changes in TSI the climate needs to be very sensitive to small changes in top of the atmosphere energy changes that would make it also very sensitive to changes in GHGs. However there is ample evidence well reflected in the literature that the climate is quite sensitive to solar variability in other parameters, like UV and IMF that change a lot more than TSI.
2. Assumption that the effect of solar changes on climate is nearly immediate, and that it doesn’t slowly accumulate over decadal and multidecadal periods leading to a non-linear response, as again multiple evidence well reflected in the literature supports.
So in essence the statement that “a high influence of solar forcing MUST estimate a very high sesitivity of the temperatures vs. CO2” is only true if the Sun obeys a limited conception on how it should act on climate. If it doesn’t, and it is very likely that it doesn’t, then it is just an empty statement that denotes a limited conception of a very complex issue.
The cooling is a persistent temp flat period lasting until 2040 AD.
Reasons, driving forces, period duration, variables — all explained
in PART 8 of “Climate pattern recognition 1600 AD to 2050 AD” in:
http://www.knowledgeminer.eu/climate-papers.html
Therefore, temps will stay within a horizontal flat Nino/Nina range. Some
slight cooling might be expected caused by the low sunspot number, but
nobody demonstrates a calculation of how many sunspots cause how
much cooling/warming. Willis pointed this out a number
of times. Better visit the above quote. JS.
Nobody has actually proven that sunspots mean ANYTHING to Earth’s weather. Correlation is not causation and historically the count has been less accurate than the temp of bathwater in the same eras.
Low solar activity – Zharkova’s work shows fairly convincingly (her data matches the past 3000 years of solar activity) that we’re heading into at least 2 very low solar cycles 0 SC25 looks like a non-event completely and SC26 lower than the current SC24)
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.04482.pdf
Earth’s magnetic field is crashing – the field strength has dropped precipitously over the past 20+ years, even faster than the 20 years prior to that. One might see it as asymptotic.
“Previously, researchers estimated the field was weakening about 5 percent per century, but the new data revealed the field is actually weakening at 5 percent per decade, or 10 times faster than thought. As such, rather than the full flip occurring in about 2,000 years, as was predicted, the new data suggest it could happen sooner.”
The solar system is leaving the shelter of the local supernova cloud – we’ve been cruising inside a shield of supernova remnant, protected from a large part of the GCR’s (Galactic Cosmic Rays) that affect our weather so strongly. (Svensmark and CERN CLOUD research)
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24153-solar-system-caught-in-an-interstellar-tempest/
The triple whammy of GCR increasing events could easily see us heading into a major ice age instead of just a new LIA.
And if any of the nutjob priests of AGW get to do the garbage they have been muttering about (polluting the sea and sky to deflect solar rays even MORE) the ‘major’ part of that would become almost a certainty.
And while it is tempting to say we need more CO2 to shelter us, the logarithmic response to increased CO2 and the almost saturation point already achieved would suggest that’s as useful as tits on a bull.
“Low solar activity – Zharkova’s work shows fairly convincingly (her data matches the past 3000 years of solar activity)”
Sorry – but it doesn’t ….
http://www.leif.org/EOS/1512-05516-Zharkova-Fail-by-Usoskin.pdf
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2017/06/06/solar-update-june-2017-the-sun-is-slumping-and-headed-even-lower/
Come on, everyone knows that the polar ice caps are melting and the Greenland glaciers are receding at the rate of a gigaton per day, and all that ice water is flowing into the oceans and cooling things down all over the planet. It’s not rocket science, deniers, just basic physics! And just as well it is happening too, otherwise the excess heat from all those extra CO2 molecules would have made most of the planet uninhabitable by now
[???? .mod]
Ha Ha
I am sure “Colin” forgot the #sarcoff tag…I’m sure!
Low solar activity? That’s a bit rational isn’t it? This is Climate Science we are talking about….
Nature’s quasi-cyclic meandering of many parameters within the chaotic climate system command how the solar energy reaching earth is used and dispersed. Currently the outcomes seem to indicate the initialization of a planetary cooling regime. For how long and how cold — who knows?
We live in interesting times, and would appear to have an interesting future coming.
The top figure blob of data points is not a good linear fit with variation at a temperature across the entire graph. for example, at -0.3C.
No, because the cooling rate is not fixed. However the tendency is that longer periods of cooling tend to produce bigger temperature drops, as it is obvious.
Except a few years ago when the N. Hem. Krafla volcano blew in Iceland sending plumes of ash across Europe.
My better angels say to stay away from this one.
But Enough is Enough.
Javier says:
“While it is true that the end of an El Niño should cause a reduction in the warming rate just due to the disappearance of the warming cause and a drop in temperatures as the lingering heat in the atmosphere leaves the planet, this should not cause in any way a major cooling in the top 6 of the last 70 years.”
Dead wrong.
In several cases of La Nina cooling following the El Nino warming, this happened:
The majority of the cooling happened before the La Nina developed. The La Nina events are not the sole cause of the cooling. They may not even be the primary cause of the cooling. Some people seem to think that heat transport to the polar regions, then out to space might have something to do with it.
But that is none of my business.
that’s because La Ninas are the result…not the cause
Yet you still have to explain why the biggest cooling periods that do not coincide with strong volcanic eruptions do coincide with strong La Niña events. You say the cooling is not related to La Niña yet this contradicts the data that shows global surface temperatures following Niño regional surface temperatures with a delay. Clearly La Niña has an influence on surface temperatures as El Niño does.
Now you are being somewhere between obtuse and deliberately disingenuous.
You say:
“You say the cooling is not related to La Niña”
I really said:
“The majority of the cooling happened before the La Nina developed.”
That means *some* cooling is not related, *not* all the cooling is not related.
Not the same thing at all, is it?
Be more accurate, be more careful. It is no wonder that Willis E. often admonishes us to:
“Quote my *exact* words”. Please do so in the future.
Do you know what Maslow’s Hammer is?
Then we are agreeing. If part of the cooling is associated to La Niña, and there was no strong La Niña, then that part of the cooling is missing and the current cooling should have not made it to the top 6.
http://www.spaceweather.com
Indicates we are having very few sunspots so far this year.
At least I am not alone in being cold. So far this August our minimum average temperature is running about 8C colder than August 1973. Broome in Western Australia has changed from subtropical to a Mediterranean climate this month.
The maximum this month is running 3C below last year.
Please, bring warming back.
An interesting article.
Global Warming Contour Maps provide another way to see these cooling periods.
I must apologize, I left my contour map covering 1880 to 2018 at home. But I have my contour maps of the northern hemisphere, and southern hemisphere, from 1970 to 2018, on me.
I quickly added labels for the 7 cooling periods that Andy May listed, that occurred after 1970.
You can see how the labels point to “blue” cooling periods, on the contour maps. You can also see the relative size of the cooling period in the northern and southern hemispheres.
If anybody wants to see the legend for Global Warming Contour Maps, it is here:
There are a lot more contour maps on my website. Recent additions include regional warming, and seasonal warming:
https://agree-to-disagree.com
Sorry Javier, I got your name wrong in my post.
What do you think of the “blue” cooling periods in the contour maps. Being “visual”, it is easy to pick then out from the “red” warming periods.
It also supports your idea about spending more time warming, and less time cooling. But you need to be careful about this, because you need to take the magnitude of the warming rate, and the magnitude of the cooling rate, into account.
Javier …. I have a question. When you say cooling, i’m curious as to in reference to what? Are you saying the cooling began at an El Niño peak? …. or are you saying it’s cooled in comparison to the point prior to the occurrence of El Niño? I ask this because in my mind, “cooling” means a change in direction of the smoothed curve. A 0.25C decrease in temp from the peak of an El Niño is a pretty meaningless metric. In contrast, a 0.25C cooling from the smoothed temp that occurred just prior to the El Niño would be considered a bonafied cooling.
We measure changes in temperature that we call anomaly. When the changes are negative it is cooling. When the changes are positive it is warming. Then you choose every relative maximum and measure cooling to the next lowest minimum.
It doesn’t seem you filtered out the impacts on anomaly from changes in ENSO, based on your statement that x nu,bet of cooling events were due to La Niña, or volcanos. Like I said,…. a 0.25C cooling from an El Niño induced warming of +0.3C = a net 0.05 warming. I’ve seen graphs where they filter out the effects of El Niño, and volcanic activity and it would seem to me that if you are going to approach the subject from the perspective of anomaly, you need to use an anomaly that is not contaminated by known phenoms that influence temperature. It’s like the “pause”. There were all kinds of El Niño’s and La Nina’s within the pause, but the least squares analysis determined no net warming for x amount of time. I’m not sure we’ve made it back down to the pre El Niño temp yet. … but I’ll have to back and look at that one.
I don’t want to filter out any cause. I want to compare cooling periods regardless of the cause. The present cooling period stands out because it shows a different attribution.
Yes , I understand that. And I like the idea. I’m just trying to give you a suggestion to make your cause stronger. If I throw a ball up in the air, it will fall back to the ground due to gravity. That is kinda what I feel about the cooling of the anomaly from the peak of El Niño back to where it started.
I expect articles on this blog to claim black is white, but this one is exceptional. “Cooling” is a relative term. In this case the cooling is coming off peaks of warming – to go and claim this means the earth is cooling is just silly.
Also the “scientists are ignoring it”. Hard to fault the scientists for ignoring something that is not happening.
You mean it is not happening because the temperature has not decreased enough or for a long enough period? Where is the boundary when it starts happening if it continues?
The boundary? You tell me, you seem to be cherry-picking them where you want to.
Look, I get it. You wanted to write an article that claims “cooling”, then try to link it to the sun, then try and claim scientists are ignorant. It’s propaganda – you write the stuff then the platform publishes it. Or “fake news” as our Fearless Leader calls it. It’s a funny business.
I already told you. This is the sixth biggest cooling of the past 70 years. It is significant at the decadal scale by definition. As the planet is warming, the biggest periods of cooling need an explanation. Two periods of cooling that were smaller, during Pinatubo and El Chichon eruptions generated a huge amount of scientific literature because the cause is known. In the current cooling the cause is unknown. It should be investigated.
Harry,
The now trend is that Earth is cooling. That’s simply a fact. A trend lasting two and a half years isn’t meaningless.
We’ll see how long it lasts before reversing. Then you can decide whether it’s silly or not.
However, if, as The Team insist, CO2 be the control knob on climate, why should there have been any cooling periods since carbon dioxide zoomed upward after WWII, steadily increasing for 73 years now, with the possible exception of after major volcanic eruptions?
Yet, Earth cooled dramatically for the first 32 years after WWII, despite steadily climbing CO2. Then the PDO flipped in 1977, and the planet warmed slightly for about 20 years. Then, again despite even more rapid increase in CO2, global temperature, as nearly as it could be measured, stayed flat, until the recent El Nino.
Obviously, CO2 is not the control knob. Indeed, its effect is at best negligible. Thus, no worries. It’s all good. The world’s plants thank us for the free food.
A two and a half year trend eh? You might want to calculate the confidence interval on that one. I am always amused by people seeing “patterns” in short-term noise.
CO2 appears to be the control knob on global temperature. Go watch Dr Richard Alley’s presentations on why the climatologists think that.
The ice free Arctic is the equivalent of leaving the greenhouse door open!
The major cooling is because IT WAS SO WARM, The last el nino was something not recorded a DOUBLE YEAR NINO with year 2 a super nino after a weaker year 1. This pumped immense amounts of water vapor into the air, spiking temps. If you look at UAH, it is true the cooling is very large, BUT IN RELATION TO PREVIOUS EL NINOS, WHICH WITHIN 3 YEARS HAD RETURNED TO NORMAL OR BELOW FOR A TIME, this one has a record high temperature in the wake of it, In short, the cooling is simply the planet trying to get back to average, and the counter to this argument about how cool it is, is that for the first time on UAH data, we HAVE NOT HAD A MONTH RETURN TO NORMAL AFTER THE EL NINO! I am not trying to be a party pooper, but we must face the fact this last super nino, like the 97-98 el nino, may be signalling a new pause point but higher than the one before, Please look carefully at Dr Spencers charts and you will see plainly what I am saying, In all previous el ninos, within 2 years, at least one month had dipped to below normal, Nothing has been under .2c in the wake of this last one. It is all natural IMO, but its there to see http://www.drroyspencer.com/wp-content/uploads/UAH_LT_1979_thru_July_2018_v6.jpg
Joe, I think you are wrong on this one. The fact that the cooling has taken place without an accompanying La Niña means the Pacific has not increased its subsurface energy as much from enhanced solar irradiation due to La Niña conditions of reduced cloud cover.
I have already presented this analog several times. It might very well show what could be expected to happen.
That was another big El Niño that was not followed by a strong La Niña.
Regarding the attribution of the cooling, you have no way of knowing how much is due to reversion to the mean and how much to other causes like low solar activity. What I do know is that of the biggest ten temperature drops of the past 70 years this is the first one that is not accompanied by a strong La Niña or a strong volcanic eruption. A reversion to the mean is therefore not a good explanation.
Eeekkk!!!!
“MONTH RETURN TO NORMAL” and
“dipped to below normal”
I hate to sound pedantic, but this terminology make it sound as if we are in a persistent ABNORMAL state.
Would the term “average” serve better? The use of the term “normal” when “average” would be better, seems widespread.
Otherwise, exactly so. I do watch the UAH charts, and that is exactly what I see.
Joe Bastardi
OK, so let me ask this question: We have seen a 60-66 year short cycle in global average temperatures, apparently superimposed on a far longer 900-1000 year long cycle (Minoan Warm Period, Roman Warm Period, Medieval Warm Period, Modern Warming Period.)
Do the La Nina-El Nino’s perhaps NOT “add up” to zero effect over time?
What if the observed short cycle of 60-66 year are actually a period of repeated El Nino “ramps and flats” raising global average temperature slightly higher over 30-33 years, then a 30-33 year of more frequent La Nina events when temperature drops are more frequent?
Are El Nino-La Nina oscillations documented well enough from 1860 through 2018 to prove, or disprove, this process?
One would need only a 3:2 ratio to raise temperatures incrementally, then a 2:3 ratio to lower it again – assuming even that the two ever did “cancel each other out as assumed by the CAGW alarmists. After all, something is causing the 1000 year long cycle in global average temperature.
https://judithcurry.com/2017/12/02/nature-unbound-vi-centennial-to-millennial-solar-cycles/
Javier writes:
“Regarding the attribution of the cooling, you have no way of knowing how much is due to reversion to the mean and how much to other causes like low solar activity.”
Low solar activity promotes El Nino conditions.
I think the reason the “cooling periods” are bigger is because the warming periods are bigger. The swing of the pendulum, and damping; a system using feedbacks to correct itself.
I am having trouble understanding this post, or is it a joke ?
I see now, sorry I was tired.
Cooling since 02/2016, very interesting.
Jeff ==> Wake me up when the lines goes negative…then I’ll listen
Okay, set your alarm for six months.
Hi Javier. An interesting challenge to the mainstream media. I hope they notice. My favorite cause for this cooling is the continuing decline in obliquity. It was about the Minoan Warm Period when obliquity went from adding heat to the Northern Hemisphere to adding heat to the southern hemisphere.
.
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For the last three thousand years, Since 1000 BC, the end of the Minoan Warm Period, the global temperature trend has been -0.5 to -0.7 dgC per 1000 yrs, projecting full glacial of 8 dgC in another 7,000 yrs. Another clue, the obliquity dropped below 23.5 degrees around 1300 AD, the onset of the Wolf Minimum. Now the glacial cold lurking in the deep ocean, held in check by obliquity for 10,000 years, has been set free, ending the Holocene Interglacial. We are in the transition zone to glacial cold, expect Finoscandian ice sheets to start in 2000 yrs.
.
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Sandy,
Minister of Future
Sandy, the decline in obliquity is taking energy from the poles and adding it to the tropics. But the change is too slow to be noticed in the centennial scale. Precession has been taking energy from NH summers and autumns and adding it to NH winters and springs, and the opposite in the SH, so the NH summer position of the InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has been migrating South, with important consequences for climate.
This figure I made attempts to explain this complicated processes and the effect they have on climate.
“My favorite cause for this cooling
And your favourite cause for the warming?
In warm periods such as the one we are currently in, temperature jiggles up and down may look scary, but in reality we are in the halcyon day’s of a warm period. Best advice for Javier is to tell him to carry a sweater with him when it cools a bit.
Actually, reef studies have shown that the first half of an interglacial is warmer than the second half. It is therefore possible that the primary forcing that creates the interglacial dissipates allowing a drift back to cooler conditions but subject to secondary forcing that cause events like the Minoan, Roman, Medieval and current warm periods (with intervals of colder between them.
I recall a paper, which disappeared quite quickly, from two computer scientists that had removed the cyclic variations from Chinese temperature data and found four cycles; annual, decadal, multidecadal and half century. The paper stated that the underlying trend when you removed all four cycles was cooling, which is consistent with the reef studies.
After reading the paper online, I went back few weeks later to get the paper but I could not find it using Google (which may have been my mistake).
Does anyone have a copy of that paper?
“God has a sense of humor…” and
“A most remarkable climate phenomenon is taking place under our very noses without anybody paying attention to it.“
– Yes, my solar-climate work and predictions. lol – It’s really about the sun.
But I alone predicted both the warming peak from high solar activity that powered the last El Nino, and the cooling from low solar activity thereafter, with no surprises since 2014.
Also, on March 28 here I also predicted the blazing hot land temperatures of this summer from high insolation, ie high UV index, & less WV from low TSI, and the US drought:
“1. episodic hail/tornado events from colder atmosphere,
2. regional droughts from low-TSI ocean cooling and subsequent reduction in tropical evaporation
3. blazing May-October land temperatures due to high UV-index (high insolation) & less WV under low TSI.
4. widespread winter and normally out-of-season snow/ice damage events”
“The most remarkable thing is that every single top cooling period in the list has a reasonable explanation except the current one. “
The current cooling has just as reasonable an explanation as before, really the same reason again.
Hi Bob,
Of course it must have an explanation, but it is just not a widely accepted one.
Lucas J. Lourens et al (2009) “The mean annual insolation at the surface of the Earth depends only on the eccentricity and is represented by the following equation [24]:(2)Wam=S04(1−e2)
S0 is called the ‘solar constant’. In fact, the intensity of the Sun varies along with the number of sunspots. Recent observations have shown that when sunspots are numerous (scarce) the solar constant is about 1368 W·m−2 (1365 W·m−2). ”
This may be obsolete, and Leif claims sunspot number=everything else of any importance=a fraction of a watt in the solar cycle; but there are always supposed to be SOME sunspots. No sunspots at all seems a different situation.
If this statement from 2009 happened to be correct, the lack of sunspots would essentially cancel the purported human CO2 forcing.
Only the current cooling period remains there unexplained, without a big volcanic eruption and without a major La Niña event
Unexplained? Do you mean that the previous Niño, biggest in known history, is irrelevant?
Scientists ignoring major cooling?! Mainstream climate scientists seem to ignore almost everything that really counts. I have more trust in the flying spaghetti monster.
Chances of a hurricane in the Atlantic are decreasing. The temperature of the southern tropical Atlantic falls.
The surface temperature of the oceans in the southern hemisphere fell by 0.2 degrees compared to the average of 1971-2000.
The global surface temperature of the oceans has a downward trend.
Why does everyone continue with this joke that warming is be measured by changes in surface atmospheric temperatures? We know that oceans are earth’s heat sink. Global warming can only be measured by increases in ocean heat content. That makes El Nino a cooling event; not a warming event. Because it ejects heat into the atmosphere; most of that heat then makes its way out to space.
First, the heat in the form of water vapor spreads throughout the Earth’s atmosphere.
And is soon gone, radiated out to space as it must. Climate can only change if heat is retained. Heat is retained by oceans not by air.
I agree. The effect on the planet system is the opposite to the effect on the thermometers. This means the lack of a strong La Niña is a promise of future lack of warming in the thermometers.
Wave under the surface of the equatorial Pacific have to be strong, to be formed to El Niño.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_update/wkxzteq.shtml
I can only give one click on the plus spot….
But to answer your question, it starts out like the fish in the water that doesn’t know he(she) is in the water … ignorance related to poor perspective.
Like Bilbo looking out over the treetops and thinking the forest goes on forever … ignorance related to poor perspective.
My question is why, when perspective changes (because of input from someone like you), is there a transition into willful ignorance instead of increased knowledge? will you help me out here Ryan….
During low solar activity, the meridional jet stream causes ENSO to remain neutral. Because the solar minimum will still be in 2019, ENSO will remain neutral.
Yes. There should be a change to El Niño around the time of the solar minimum.
Great graphics.
Still think La Nina from here on. Perhaps an analog would be the long La Nina as seen in 1955/56.
“Climate scientists should be looking for a reason for this most interesting cooling instead of ignoring it.”
1. You have invented a metric.
2. You have failed to test this metric in other datasets to see if it is a artifact of the time series you selected.
3. You have failed to provide uncertainty measures for your metric.
4. Without uncertainty metrics one doesnt know that it is is intersting or part of the expected
variability.
classic fail.
do over.
show your work.
Also, we generally will not be interested in anything that is shorter than 15 or 20 years
Why do you say “we”? You are not a climate scientist, but an English major and software developer.
Pinatubo and El Chichon generated less cooling in the same time frame and a huge amount of scientific literature.
… the qualifier “generally” is used because “the hottest year on record” gets you really wet even though it is less than 15 years?
This is statistical rubbish. We had a big El Nino, and we went back to normal. That’s all.
If WUWT want to be taken serious they should avoid such claim.
And some readers should not rejoice about everything which SEEMS to support our case.
Careful, lest thy be declared to be a (gasp) LIBERAL!
Correlation is not necessarily causation.
@Johannes said-‘This is statistical rubbish.’
.
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I ran this article through my statistical rubbish detector and it did not blink. Can you be more specific and point out the rubbish please? Mabe i need to get it recalibrated, heh.
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Sandy,
Minister of Future
Right, because every year that makes it to the top 10 warmest years we don’t get the fact rubbed in our faces by serious climate scientists at the government’s pay.
Javier
“The data for the cooling period that started in 02/2016 (red in the figure) is provisional, as the cooling has not ended as of June 2018. If it continues for a few more months, it could easily make it to the top three.”
_____________________
How do we know the cooling since Feb 2016 hasn’t already ended? Seems like something that can really only be decided with sufficient data, not to say hindsight. For instance, from September 2017 there’s been a slight warming trend in HadCRUT4.6 (to June 2018).
That’s 10 months – surely a substantial period with an upward trend during a supposed ‘cooling’ episode? Who’s to say this warming, or leveling out even, won’t continue? If it does, then September 2017 will mark the end of the post-2015/16 El Nino cooling. That’s 20 months – closer to the bottom three than the top three on your chart.
Do not forget that in November often appears La Niña. At this time, the eastern South Pacific is very cold after the end of winter.
I know that not to be the case. I follow the daily global temperature in the Oz4caster blog.
https://oz4caster.wordpress.com/cfsr/
The yearly average has been going down all the way to a few days ago. I should know when there is a change of trend, and it has to raise the 13-month average, so it should take some time before that happens.
“How do we know the cooling since Feb 2016 hasn’t already ended?”
Anectdotally, the cooling hasn’t ended around my neck of the woods. This is one of the mildest August in my memory. Usually, this time of year it’s near 100 degrees and dry as a bone. This year it is raining as I type this and the temperatures have been very mild in comparison.
Yes, I know my little piece of paradise doesn’t represent the whole world, but we’ll see, won’t we. 🙂
Similar here in Northern California, night temps moved down to low 50s F with some below 50 F over the last several weeks. There are also changes to be noted such as the first freezing areas returning to the Himalayas, and to the mountains to the north. …https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/overlay=temp/orthographic=92.84,40.07,672/loc=94.312,32.534
DW Rice, you make a good point, but Feb 2018 is the lowest point thus far.
Since then, SSTs followed a several month TSI increase, now flattening out.
It remains to be seen how low cycle 24 TSI (and SSTs) will go from here in the time left in the cycle. TSI and SSTs will only fall so much in that time.
Here is an explanation for the recent cooling/
The author of the attached paper predicted the cooling.
It is interesting that there had been a massive increase (200% average) in mid-ocean seismic activity for the entire warming period (1996 -2016) as compared to the cold period (1979 to 1995).
The spikes in mid-ocean seismic activity highly correlate with increased Arctic temperatures and recent El Niño events.
There has been a sudden drop in mid-ocean seismic activity. Based on analysis of the record, there is a two-year lag in time from when the change in mid-ocean seismic activity occurred and when there was a change in planetary temperatures.
h/t to the NoTricks Zone.
http://notrickszone.com/#sthash.BlxTY2Yc.EpayRG49.dpbs
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/have-global-temperatures-reached-a-tipping-point-2573-458X-1000149.pdf
Certainly another possible explanation. This ain’t settled science.
WA, +100
Finally someone talking about the elephant in the room. The other source of heat energy on this planet, geothermal. And with 70% of the planet covered by water, guess where most of it goes. Though we do not know the complexities of the mechanics, undersea volcanism sure plays a role in both climate and weather over time.
its a very complicated elephant. no way to study it in a lucrative manner.
Thanks Javier, for having the courage to point out the obvious. This cooling appears to be ocean driven. This could be from solar forcing or internal cycling or a combination of both.
The rate of heat transfer from equator to pole shows signs of slowing significantly, especially in the Atlantic. At Ove Humlum’s Climate4You site, on the ocean page, take a look at the ocean temperatures down to 1900 m. Around the equator they have increased about 0.03 degrees, near the Arctic they have decreased 0.2 degrees – a x7 bigger change. Less equatorial heat is being transported poleward.
Why this is happening I would guess is connected with the Wyatt and Curry stadium wave process, of multiple oceanic oscillations around the world in some kind of nonlinear resonant synchronisation. For example both AMO and PDO in cooling. Those are the big ones everyone talks about, but there are several other important oscillations also (Indian, Southern oceans etc.)
http://www.climate4you.com
Hi Phil,
As you might know I am a huge fan of Marcia Wyatt’s stadium wave hypothesis. As we mainly measure and discuss surface temperature readings, we miss the resonances that take place in the system due to the dynamic transfer of heat from a part of the system to another.
This was my take on Wyatt & Curry’s 2014 figure:
It makes the system a little bit more predictable. The current temperature drop and pause in Arctic sea ice melting is not surprising under this light, and the prediction that sea level rise is likely to decelerate is slowly coming to place too:
https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/
Just zoom in the graph provided. October 2015, 83.7 mm. April 2018, 85.1 mm. That works out as 0.56 mm/year instead of the touted 3.4 mm/year. I might have been the only one to predict a slowdown in sea level rise for the next decades.
Mine is the black line.
One thing I have not written much about is that I believe the 55-75-yr oceanic oscillation that is the basis of the Stadium wave hypothesis is tuned to solar activity periodicities due to their effect on SST.
Javier’s approach in the head post is a bit novel and has thrown some commenters including Willis but I see it as a valid approach.
That said, I would prefer to see a longer deeper drop before coming to the stated conclusion due to inherent system inertia.
El Nino releases heat that warms the air and La Nina retains heat so that the air can cool. In theory they would balance out if system heat content remained flat but due to internal system variability it never does.
To see an extended period of cooling after an El Nino peak without seeing a strong La Nina or a large volcanic eruption is a significant phenomenon as Javier points out.
During periods of high solar activity one gets a step upwards from one 60 year PDO oscillation to the next (LIA to date) and when solar activity is low one gets a step downwards from one to the next (MWP to LIA).
The test now is whether we might be moving from upward stepping to downward stepping but it will be some years before we can be sure.
My explanation will be known to many here but for newbies see here:
http://joannenova.com.au/2015/01/is-the-sun-driving-ozone-and-changing-the-climate/
Thanks Stephen. I like to jump the gun a little on the data at the risk of being wrong, but alarmists do it all the time when there is a little extra warming. Unlike them, I am prepared to say I was wrong if I am. But I am convinced, as you are, that the current period of multi-decadal low solar activity is not going to see any significant warming. Flat to slight cooling is the path forward to 2035 in my mind. If we get the model predicted warming I will accept I was wrong.
“not going to see any significant warming”
But if there is, despite the fact of a general slow cooling trend from the holocene optimum, with about as low TSI as we will see in our lifetimes plus significant aerosol dimming thrown in for good measure, if there is…to draw attention to that would be alarmist right?
No Ryan. Observations are not the problem here. That the planet is warming is a fact. That we have put an unprecedented amount of non-condensing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a fact. That the increase in greenhouse gases is likely to be causing an increase in warming is a reasonable undemonstrated hypothesis. And it is undemonstrated because we cannot attribute the part of the increase in temperature to each possible cause with any degree of certainty.
Assuming that all the observed warming since 1950, and more compensated by aerosols, is due to the increase in greenhouse gases and running alarmist predictions from there using computer games is the problem here. When you base your work on unproven assumptions in science, the chances your work is wrong shoot through the roof. Most of what has been published in climate science in the past 3 decades will be shown wrong in due time and given how much publicity it has garnered, it is very likely to tarnish the reputation of all science for a long time.
Javier,
I think Ryan makes a fair point though because we’ve been here before. Look back to 2007/8 on WUWT and take your pick from the many global cooling predictions being made for the coming decade due variously to changes in PDO, reduction in solar, galactic cosmic rays… etc. Instead it warmed.
Now we’re hearing about ‘stadium waves’, reduced solar again and goodness knows what else that will cause imminent global cooling. What if it warms again over the next decade? Would you be convinced that CO2 was playing a stronger role than you currently believe if that happened?
Yes DW Rice. I have had this discussion multiple times. I am a data and evidence driven scientist. Scientific hypothesis are only useful as long as they make testable predictions that can distinguish them for competing hypotheses.
These are the predictions:
A warming that is above the midline between both arrows is incompatible with my favored hypothesis and I would be forced to reject it. Obviously a warming compatible with the orange arrow does not prove the solar hypothesis, but it does make it a better hypothesis that the CO2 one.
Thanks Javier, that’s very clear. I would say likewise that if warming is outside the lower 5-95% range by 2040 then CO2 warming is exaggerated by the models.
HadCRU is a pack of lies.
Note for instance the extent to which 1998-99 super El Nino has been cooled. It should be almost equal to 2015-16.
The Climate adjusters had to cool 1998 so they could promote the “hotter and hotter” meme. They couldn’t claim 2014 and 2015 were the “hottest years evah!” if they left 1998 as the second hottest year in the satellite record.
The UAH satellite chart still shows 1998 as the second hottest year. That’s why the alarmists ignore it or try to diminish its value.
Tom,
Yup.
The GASTA graph for the past two decades should look like a suspension bridge, ie two towers with the Pause slung between them.
Solar entrainment would make sense as the basis of oceanic oscillations, we already know that this happens on much longer timescales with obliquity (Milankovitch) forcing of the glacial-interglacial cycle, time-lagged by ocean thermal “inertia”.
There’s a lot of air and water on the planet. If something is driving warming and cooling trends it would have to be something BIG. Like, as big as the SUN or something.
Javier writes:
“As nearly everybody knows, the planet is warming. Since its short-term rate of temperature change hasn’t changed much, the warming is essentially accomplished because the planet spends less time cooling than warming. Therefore, periods of cooling have become shorter and result in less cooling.”
Nearly everybody here knows the planet cooled from 2002 to 2014 before the ‘short-term’ warming of the 2015-16 Super El Nino. Short term cooling following the peak of the Super El Nino of 1877-78 was just as great, and that was followed by another El Nino in 1880.
Javier it appears you have found a way to predict future temperature adjustments.
This cooling is clearly in error as it defies the current theory that forcings drive climate change.
No forcing. No change. Ipso facto this must be an error.
This obsession with surface air temperatures is an artifact of history not sensible science. Because we live on the surface, the easiest thing to measure, in the mid-17th century, was surface air temperature. We inherited that way of measuring the world from our forebears. Given earth’s climate is dominated by oceans and clouds, it makes sense no sense.
If we look at the anomalies of the geopotential height above the polar circle, we will understand that the water vapor escapes into the stratosphere above the 65th parallel. So it will continue during the solar minimum.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/strat-trop/gif_files/time_pres_HGT_ANOM_ALL_NH_2018.png
It is similar in the southern hemisphere.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/stratosphere/strat-trop/gif_files/time_pres_HGT_ANOM_ALL_SH_2018.png
What’s so hard about understanding cycles…..
http://www.climate4you.com/images/NOAA%20SST-NorthAtlantic%20GlobalMonthlyTempSince1979%20With37monthRunningAverage.gif
Low solar activity is one factor, but an ignored factor is the amount of water vapour that can be held in the atmosphere. Humidity varies between 1-4% of the local atmosphere. The driest places are only 1% while there is a max for the wettest places at 4%. Past 4% the water vapour condenses.
I think it may be a case where we’ve reached the global humidity saturation point. While the Earth was cooler it was possible for more H2O to enter the atmosphere and so contribute to faster warming. That extra heat capacity can explain the slower cooling. If the humidity level is indeed saturated then it’s property of warming the Earth will have reached it’s limit.
I see the recent cooling in HadCRUT4.6 about 75% explained by ENSO. The MEI dropped about 75% as much as it did in the cooling period that started in 1998.
Notably, UAH V6 shows the current cooling as being significantly less than the cooling period that started in 1998. http://www.drroyspencer.com/wp-content/uploads/UAH_LT_1979_thru_July_2018_v6-550×317.jpg
Well, the “cooling” since the 2015/16 peak was kind of to be expected. The question is what’s next? The ~60 year oscillation is the best predictor here. The ~20 year trends are already peaking. There will be a major la nina in the next few years and a zero ~20 year trend (hadcrut4) by 2023.
http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/hadcrut4gl/plot/hadcrut4gl/from:1954/to:1980
@RichDavis
“In other words, nobody has accurately identified the primary cause for the atmosphere’s oscillating temperature?”
PRECISELY; some fools want us to beleave that the small amount of the trace gas CO2 is responsible for damn near everything and there is no-one with anything even close to the answer.
The ANSWER is “42”.
The SOI chart shows that La Nińa was growing in September 2016, but something disturbed further development.
If you compare the SOI graph with the neutron graph in Oulu then you can see:
1. decrease in solar activity since October 2016;
2. increase in solar activity from August to November 2017.
Low solar activity (meridional jet stream) interferes with both the development of La Niña, El Niño as well.
Low solar activity interferes with the ENSO cycle in the same way that it interferes with the formation of hurricanes in the Atlantic.
https://www.tropicaltidbits.com/sat/satlooper.php?region=atl&product=wv-mid
How about a slight change in albedo? More clouds, more greenery, more ice and snow = less ISR and kewling. Even figure 10 in this 2011 Trenberth paper saw cooling. Trenberth et al 2011jcli24
Or a slight increase in conductivity, U in Q = U A dT. U increases, dT (surf – ToA) decreases = kewler.
I suspect the initial phase of cooling is most likely due to the end of the El Nino and the end of warm water upwelling in the central Pacific. However, the cooling since then and especially since around March 2018 is another matter entirely. We’ve seen a major cooling of the N. Atlantic and a change in the rate of Arctic sea ice melt. Both of these would point to the AMO as the driver of the cooling since March.
The big question is then will this effect continue and what has been driving this drop in the AMO index. I think a lot of people focus too much on ENSO.
Even though the end of 2017 saw a weak La Nina, the AMO index set record highs during a few months. This prevented the La Nina from having much of a cooling effect. Add to that the 2016-17 La Nina probably wan’t even a real La Nina (Nino 1-2 was very warm) and one could argue there’s been low ENSO cooling influence since the 2015-16 Super El Nino. Yet, there has been near record cooling.
My own view is all this is driven by ocean current changes. What is the cause of those changes appears to be the big question.
This article is so dumb, it is embarrassing
for skeptics, and should not have been allowed
here !
The “cooling” from volcanoes is temporary,
as is the “cooling” after an el nino temperature peak,
such as the one in late 2015 / 2016.
Our planet has warmed slightly since 1850.
So what?
Totally harmless.
Eventually that trend will end
and a cooling period will begin,
according to ice core studies.
If the author, afraid to use his real name,
thinks the 1850 Modern Warming has
ended, he is just wild guessing.
If the author thinks there is a cooling
trend merely because today is cooler than the
2015 / 2016 el nino heat peak, then he is
wasting our time with meaningless
data mining.
Standards here should be raised so
data mining is rejected, as
junk science.
I don’t think you read the article closely. The point is NOT that it has cooled. The point is the cooling has been substantial, and I might add, has continued into the NH summer of 2018 when the only influence (according to CliSci) should be a slight ENSO warming.
If CO2 is the dominant influence on the global temperature then it raises a big question. Why this amount of cooling?
“Notice how the top four took place before 1975, during the ENSO period dominated by La Niña conditions.”
I think that I need my vision checked. In the diagram, I only see three before 1975.
1953, 1961, 1969, 1973. That makes the 4 top cooling periods since 1950 taking place before 1975.
I’m not seeing how “top four” is being determined. By length of time, only 1961, 1973, and 1953 are before 1975 in the four furthest to the right. In the graph on the bottom, I am unsure why 1961 is labeled instead of 1960 or 1959, as 1953 is.
By the amount of cooling, obviously.
The labeling in the figure refers to the month and/or year when the cooling started (and thus coincides with the peak in temperature). That date does not always coincide with a peak in MEI (Multivariate El Niño Index) that does not measure global temperature but a set of Pacific Ocean parameters related to ENSO. Sorry if that was not obvious. I was assuming quite a bit of knowledge about ENSO that not everybody might have.
After the solar activity, the parameter with the highest influence in earth temperature is the albedo. But I´m not sure if it is changing.
What is this, a convention of climate phrenologists? Those records only show temperature fluctuated for about 20 years then jumped up about .4 degrees C and fluctuated there for 20 more years. The only thing to find out is why the temperature fluctuations jumped up .4 C around the turn of the century.
dumb question time.
The oceans are a great heaving mass of water.
Water is supposed to be densest at 4C so it sinks but why does it sink ?
The molecules aren’t any different, they are a bit closer together so why does gravity affect the molecules in the heaving mass differently because some are closer together ?
zemlik
I’d suggest that you read up on Archimedes’ Principle:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle
It is the difference in density that comes from a difference in temperature that causes less-dense fluid to be displaced and pushed up by more-dense fluid.
At a molecular level, hotter molecules are moving faster, colder molecules are moving slower. There will be fewer molecules in a given volume when they are warmer and faster moving. This translates to lower density.
What complicates matters is that it is not temperature alone that can affect density. Salty water is heavier than fresh water at the same temperature, so that it is possible for cool fresh water to be less dense than warm salty water, if the salty water is concentrated sufficiently. This is why warm, concentrated salt water (due to heavy evaporation) will sink into cooler less salty water, or cold fresh water can float on top of warmer salt water.
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermohaline_circulation
We agree it’s cooled since the El Nino. We agree that usually a La Nina follows an El Nino. And we agree, that usually cools the global atmosphere. We lacked getting much of a La Nina but got the cooling.
So ENSO is misfiring. So something else has to cool to give us a lower GMST. It might be the North Atlantic, I don’t know.
If ENSO is misfiring, look for system change. When landing an airplane and a gust trips on the stall warning on for half a second, look for a system change.
Might be the North Atlantic? Look again
for the sake of sanity, this whole argument from both sides has passed tedious and is now the classic unstoppable force meeting the immovable object.
We’re dealing with:
1. very low resolution historical data,
2. based upon proxy formulation that has plenty of criticisms, then
3. coupled with very suspect and sparse land based thermo data tracking from roughly 1850’s?,
4. which have seen plenty of adjustments to the raw data,
5. massive infilling across thousands of kilometers
6. poor site placement,
7. encroaching of UHI,
8. homogenization
9. false proxy data, see Mike’s nature trick
10. pretending we know the values to 1/10th of a degree when the error margin is larger, and that could honestly be compared to the early 1900’s… garbage logic.
At this point anyone who has formed an opinion and dare defend it against the other, will have a much easier time passing through the eye of a needle than legitimately making claim to the real “Earth” temperature.
It’s warmer now than it was in the depths of the LIA. Fact.
CO2 concentrations hadn’t spiked (I used that term loosely all things considered) significantly until 1950s, which saw a cooling until the 70s ish…
now it seems to have warmed, paused, and who knows now (again, all based on imperfect data not fit for genuine application of the scientific method)
So, the official narrative was:
global cooling/Ice age imminent!
wait…
global warming/ runaway GHG ahhhh catastrophe
wait…
Global climate change because things seemed to not have been warming as we thought…
wait..
EXTREME WEATHER!!!!
oh, less severe and consistent tornadoes, hurricanes, tsunamis, droughts, floods worldwide?…
Climate….weirding??
So in reality, for any non-scientific observer, one needs only to look at the most basic realities underlying this concept that man can understand the climate, combine that with the ever changing narrative by the soothsayers, and reach the logical conclusion…
We’re doing all right and there ain’t nothing to worry about anytime soon. We are in one of the most consistent and stable times in human history inhabiting the Earth and we should be daggone thankful!
The temperature does not drop sharply despite the weak solar cycle, because the Earth’s magnetic field is quite strong.
@honest liberty : WHAT YOU SAID — YES
August 15, 2018 7:28 am
JontheTechnologist
@RichDavis
“In other words, nobody has accurately identified the primary cause for the atmosphere’s oscillating temperature?”
PRECISELY; some fools want us to beleave that the small amount of the trace gas CO2 is responsible for damn near everything and there is no-one with anything even close to the answer.
THE ANSWER IS “42”
Here’s some advice for when you’re singing: when trying to reach a high note, imagine that you’re singing a low note. And vice versa – to reach the deep lows, imagine it’s a high. Try it – it works (my cousain a professional singer taught me that).
A lot of the above discussion on ENSO makes the simplistic and wrong asssumption that El Niño brings warming and La Niña cooling of the climate. But the reality is the exact opposite. Has everyone forgotten what Bob Tisdale taught us all so patiently and so often?? El Niño while it’s happening is a warmth phenomenon but its effect on climate is to vent heat and cool the ocean thus the climate. And while La Niña is in progress, Pacific equatorial SSTs are low, but a true La Niña energetically pumps the heat from the preceding El Niño toward the poles, jacking up global temperatures. So the warm El Niño cools the ocean and the cool La Niña warms it.
Please note, however, that the above is true only when the El Niño and La Niña are of the classic type, meaning that the Bjerknes feedback is fully engaged. There are two simple and clear signs of this. The trade winds stop or reverse, and Peruvian upwelling stops. Sometimes a thing happens that looks like an El Niño with mid Pacific equatorial warming but without these two critical ingredients – no stoppage of either trades or Peruvian upwelling. 2016 is a classic example of this. This event is NOT an El Niño of the classic type -there is no engagement of the Bjerknes feedback. Bob Tisdale calls these events El Niño “Modoki” from a Japanese word meaning “different yet the same” (fuelling my conspiracy theory that Bob Tisdale is actually a Japanese oceanographer in disguise with a good-ole boy USA name. Ever seen a climate publication by “Tisdale”? Nor have I.) Thus following “Tisdale”-san I will use the term classic and Modoki El Niños as described above, to refer to ENSO events with and without the engagement of the Bjerknes feedback.
The point is that only the classic El Niño and following La Niña events have a warming effect on climate. Only the ENSO cycle energised by the Bjerknes feedback has the true ENSO effect of pumping a large bolus of warm water poleward, as Willis Essenbach has described in his ENSO pump articles. The Modoki ENSO event by comparison is an utter sham – if you are expecting warming, that is. 2014-2016 is the best example I can think of of the Modoki ENSO. Warming was mid, not east, equatorial Pacific. I checked the trades the entire time and they never really faltered. I checked the Peruvian upwelling also – by tracking the status of the Peruvian anchovy fishery. More upwelling means more anchovies, and vice versa. Despite alarmist predictions of anchovy fishery collapse (which were false and did not happen but did succeed in disrupting fishmeal market trading and sending at least one seafood company into bankruptcy) all that happened was a slight weakening and moving to the south of the Peruvian upwelling. But it never came close to being interrupted and kept going strong, as did the anchovy fishery, causing the Peruvian fishery management agency INARP to make at least one abrupt mid-season upward adjustment of an overly conservative anchovy quota.
So going back to your Bob Tisdale and Willis Essenbach ENSO essentials, what is the implication of the 2016 El Niño being of the Modoki, not classic, type? It means that it is not really an El Niño at all in the true sense. And, more importantly, it means that the thing that followed the El Niño that people are calling a “La Niña” is also not real, or at best a Modoki La Niña. And more important still, this means that the 2014-2018 ENSO-like event will NOT pump warm water poleward and will NOT cause an up step in global temperatures, as previous and real classic ENSO events – notably 1998-1999, did. What has happened is that the mid Pacific equatorial heat that built up in 2016 is just being slowly dissipated to space, not pumped poleward. If anything, the result will be cooling, not warming. In conclusion, my hypothesis is that classic (Bjerknes driven) ENSO events warm the planet and Modoki events cool it.
Finally here is some historic evidence to back up this interpretation. Here are the years of the biggest, classic type ENSO (el Niño followed by La Niña) events in the last couple of centuries, from Wikipedia:
1790–93, 1828, 1876–78, 1891, 1925–26, 1972–73, 1982–83, 1997–98
I would interpret that as follows:
1790-1828: warming period containing at least two classic ENSO events
1828-1876: 50 year interval with no ENSO event, cooling.
1876-1925: period with 3 major ENSOs, warming
1926-1972: 40+ year interval with no ENSO, cooling
1972-1998: 30 year period with three massive ENSO classic events, warming
1998-2018: no classic ENSO events, Modoki ones only, static or cooling.
Note that the huge classic 1972 El Niño interrupted the Peruvian upwelling so completely that it caused the catastrophic collapse of the Peruvian anchovy fishery (together with unmanaged overfishing). The fishery is now well managed but has never fully recovered from that event.
That’s what it’s about.
That’s an interesting interpretation, Phil, and I agree with most of it. However it is my understanding that an increase in poleward heat transport results in planet cooling, as the poles are efficient refrigerators for the planet. Nearly all heat transported during the winter pole night is lost to space.
Most scientists believe most of the heat transported from the subtropics to the poles is through the atmosphere, while most of the heat transported from the tropics to the subtropics is through the ocean. Within that heat engine conception of climate I contemplate El Niño as a shorting when the amount of heat to be transported by the tropical oceans exceeds capacity, and the built up of sea surface heat is dealt with by shooting it to the tropical atmosphere. This may or may not engage the Bjerkness compensation depending on conditions.
This hypothesis of mine has the advantage of explaining why there was no El Niño activity during the Holocene Climatic Optimum, as a warmer planet has a flatter equator-to-pole temperature gradient that can cope with the smaller amount of heat to be transported.
The interpretation then is the opposite. Periods of warming result in more frequent El Niño events to deal with increased heat while the gradient adjusts, and not the opposite. I don’t think ENSO affects planetary temperature changes, but it is a reaction to them, and mainly a reaction to changes in the temperature gradient and the expansion and contraction of the tropical bands.
Thanks for replying – I admire your energy and patience making it this far in a thread full of vexing questions. There is of course some ocean heat transport between all latitudes from equator to poles, in the form of the THC (thermo haline circulation). Some maths would show how the significance and rate of this compared to atmospheric circulation, but in general I would be very surprised if an atmospheric process carried anything like the heat of an ocean current.
And there is the chicken-and-egg question of ENSO and global temperatures. Bob Tisdale used to get a lot of stick for arguing that the big ENSO events (classic, not Modoki) moves so much heat poleward that the whole global temperature took a step up of a few tenths of a degree C. However after 1983 and 1999 this clearly seems to have happened. The point is often made that ENSO can’t create energy, only redistribute it. A physicist might make that argument about any process in the universe. Wim Rost makes I believe a correct point when he points to all the deep cold in the ocean – kms deep of near zero water even at the tropics. Just a little vertical mixing from this can drag down temperatures anywhere on earth, like a cold hand from below. It’s nice when a very complex situation can be reduced to a single factor. For climate if I had to choose one (apart from the sun) I would choose oceanic vertical mixing. The ocean is the overwhelmingly dominant thermal fact on the earth’s surface. Anyway I’m rambling now so I’ll stop.
Yes, there is some heat transport by the ocean at all latitudes, and more importantly in the Northern Hemisphere, but heat transport is hugely dominated by the atmosphere except in the tropical areas.
http://www.climate.be/textbook/images/image(15).png
[This image thing doesn’t work because of the parenthesis. Copy the entire line into your browser to see it.]
This is a typical image of latitudinal heat transport in PetaWatts. Google “poleward heat transport” to get many more showing the same.
I disagree with Bob Tisdale that global temperature increases during El Niño events in steps. It just looks that way in the graphs. The increase takes place due to the energy imbalance, but appears discontinuous because the way we measure it and the way the heat is moved around by the system. If properly measured and averaged for the global oceans it would look differently. As we measure temperature at the air surface we see the realization of the increase in temperature after big La Niña events end, for example in 2000-2001. Then we “see” the warming that has been taking place for several years but the movement around of the heat was disguising.
I agree with Wim Rost and you that the deep cold of the ocean is a very important factor and that a small increase in vertical mixing could take us back to the Little Ice Age in a moment. As the planet cools, the equator-to-pole temperature gradient steeps, the wind increases, and the vertical mixing increases, further cooling the planet. Only the increase in solar activity at the end of the LIA saved us from a feedback that led to glacial inception. The LIA saw the biggest storms in 6000 years.
http://www.climate.be/textbook/images/image(15).png
Thanks!
Thanks!
Not just ignoring it but also publishing models and predictions of near term warming instead. The voltage level of political climate science is set quite high.
Hello Javier
A very interesting blog post.
The main issue you point at, as it seem to be at the moment, and the way you go by to explain and explore it, plus the questions you raise, offer a very interesting
view point to consider under the circumstances.
And I understand too I think, the proposition that your explanation given
is as valid, or could be as valid as any other….aka in the spirit of the main
issue must at least has to let be, with no much challenge.
I think I understand this point too.
But you see, even in such a circumstance, I got to argue against your favored
given explanation….really sorry.
You see, simply the Sun explanation offered for, in the point you raise, the signature of
a major cooling, is the only one that could not possibly be a valid one.
Sun explanation for no warming, less warming or even for a warming reduction is one thing, and the Sun to explain a major cooling is entirely a different
matter, especially when RF still increasing constantly.
Sorry but, from my point of view, your explanation is one that ends up
to be shown as a non valid one, by the very condition you try to bring up
and explore in this interesting work of yours.
It actually, the cooling you do consider, under the given circumstances,
it clearly auto invalidates the Sun explanation.
cheers
You are wrong, it is the meridional jet stream that disturbs the constant winds along the equator during low solar activity. These winds are necessary for the ENSO cycle to not be disturbed. None La Niña means cooling in the long term.
eh??????
Factors governing the strength and frequency of stratospheric ozone intrusions over the Pacific‐North American region are considered for their role in modulating tropospheric ozone on interannual timescales. The strength of the association between two major modes of climate variability—the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Northern Annular Mode (NAM)—and the amount of ozone contained in stratospheric intrusions are tested in the context of two mechanisms that modulate stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) of ozone: (StratVarO3) the winter season buildup of ozone abundances in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) and (JetVar) Pacific jet and wave breaking variability during spring. In essence, StratVarO3 corresponds to variability in the amount of ozone per intrusion, while JetVar governs the frequency of intrusions. The resulting analysis, based on two different reanalysis products, suggests that StratVarO3 is more important than JetVar for driving interannual variations in STT of ozone over the Pacific‐North American region. In particular, the abundance of ozone in the LMS at the end of winter is shown to be a robust indicator of the amount of ozone that will be contained in stratospheric intrusions during the ensuing spring. Additionally, it is shown that the overall strength of the winter season stratospheric NAM is a useful predictor of ozone intrusion strength. The results also suggest a nuanced relationship between the phase of ENSO and STT of ozone. While ENSO‐related jet variability is associated with STT variability, it is wave breaking frequency rather than typical ENSO teleconnection patterns that is responsible for the ENSO‐STT relationship.
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2017JD026890
We’ve been in a 2-year period of mostly La Niña following a super El Niño that ended in 2016 when the cooling began. http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_update/ssta_c.gif
So time for – La Niña.
Very weak La Niña compared to 1999.
http://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php
In the period of low solar activity, there are actually more clouds above the oceans. The reason for this is the lazy jetstream, which forms the upper lows above the oceans.
That is why there are heat waves on the continents. However, the surface of the oceans is cooled.
As a result, the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is reduced, which has a similar effect to the strong La Niña.
Cloud cover in the south-eastern Pacific.
According to ice core records, the last millennium 1000AD – 2000AD has been the coldest millennium of our current Holocene interglacial. This point is more fully illustrated with ice core records on a millennial basis back to the Eemian period here:
https://edmhdotme.wordpress.com/holocene-context-for-catastrophic-anthropogenic-global-warming/
Our current, warm, congenial Holocene interglacial, although cooler than the Eemian interglacial 120,000 years ago, has been the enabler of mankind’s civilisation for the last 10,000 years, spanning from mankind’s earliest farming to the most recent technologies.
Viewing the current Holocene interglacial on a millennial basis is rational. Sadly it seems that, driven by the need to continually support the Catastrophic Anthropogenic Global Warming hypothesis / religion Climate Alarmists irrationally examine the temperature record at much too fine a scale, weather event by weather event, month by month, or year by year.
From the broader perspective, each of the notable high points in the current 11,000 year Holocene temperature record, (Holocene Climate Optimum – Minoan – Roman – Medieval – Modern), have been progressively colder than every previous high point.
Greenland ice core records show that for its first 7-8000 years, the early Holocene, had virtually flat temperatures, including its early high point known as the “climate optimum”. But the more recent Holocene, since a “tipping point” at around 1000BC, 3000 years ago, has seen temperature fall at about 20 times its earlier rate.
The Holocene interglacial is already 10 – 11,000 years old and just judging from the length of previous interglacial periods, the Holocene epoch should be drawing to its close: in this century, the next century or this millennium.
Nonetheless, the slight and truly beneficial warming at the end of the 20th century to a Modern high point has been converted by Climate alarmists into their “Great Man-made Global Warming Catastrophe”.
The recent warming since the end of the Little Ice Age has been wholly beneficial when compared to the devastating impacts arising from the minor cooling of the Little Ice Age.
As global temperatures, after their short spurt at the end of the last century, are showing stagnation or cooling for the last twenty years. The world should now fear the real and detrimental effects of cooling, rather than being hysterical about limited, beneficial or probably now non-existent further warming.
Warmer times are times of success and prosperity for man-kind and for the biosphere.
But the coming end of the present Holocene interglacial will eventually again result in a mile high ice sheet over much of the Northern hemisphere.
The reversion to Ice Age conditions will be the real climate catastrophe.
With the present reducing Solar activity, significantly reduced temperatures, at least to the level of another Little Ice Age are predicted quite soon this century.
Whether the present impending cooling will really lead on to a new glacial ice age or not is still in question.
As an interested layman, I would say that the betting is more heavily weighted towards a catastrophically cooling world rather than one that will be overheating because of the comparatively minor CO2 emissions from mankind.
Coronal holes, normally not facing the earth, let high energetic particles (sun wind) stream towards earth, causing less clouds and stronger back radiation TOA.
The result may be a hot, dry summer in the Northern Hemisphere and stronger cooling on the winter-side of the globe?
Have a look at thr x-ray pictures of the sun.
https://www.eike-klima-energie.eu/2018/08/09/woher-kommt-die-duerre-und-waerme-des-sommers-2018/
One way to avoid the graph distortion of urban heat islands and the removal of rural stations would be to group similar performing stations together according to temperature or other characteristic and compare/contrast them. Note the differences between N and S Hemispheres, for instance, urban and rural, tropical and polar., big swing and little swing. You would have to include unadjusted data sets as well. And where are the detailed Holocene graphs (last 12,000 yrs) ? PS, you have to present the spaghetti charts in sequence, not in a miserable heap without different added and inherent filters distorting the data.