SEA LEVEL: Rise and Fall – Part 4a – Getting Even More of a Rise Out of Nothing

Guest Essay by Kip Hansen

(h/t Steve Case and Dave Burton)

 

animation_350Prologue:  I have been writing recently about Sea Level Rise, both as particular local examples (  Guam,  Canton,  Miami,   New York, and  NY/NJ  )  and in the series SEA LEVEL: Rise and Fall, of which this is the fourth-plus installment.

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In Part 4, I showed how one gets a rise out of nothing, a neat trick performed by Nerem et al.   That’s R. Steven Nerem, of the CU Sea Level Research Group. The blinking image is the summary of that essay.

Doubling down on that neat bit of work, Nerem et al. have a new paper [link replaced — early access version returns error — this link now downloads full .pdf] out that magically (literally) manages to find an acceleration in Global Mean Sea Level Rise that will produce 65 cm ± 12 cm  of sea level rise by the year 2100.  In inches, that’s 25.6 inches ± about 5 inches.

It is important to note that this new-found acceleration is not based on any change in the sea surface height of Planet Earth.

Others will be writing and posting on the new CU study, I’m sure.

I will respond to it with a simple LINK to my early post,  SEA LEVEL: Rise and Fall – Part 4 – Getting a Rise Out of Nothing, and these two annotated graphs from the CU study:

Four_trace_annot

Alternately, we could simply drop the bad TOPEX-A data altogether and look at the more reliable remainder of the data series:

GMSL_no_TOPEXA

The claimed new-finding of acceleration is based on three cumulative adjustments to the already-known-to-be-faulty TOPEX-A data 1993-1998.

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WTWT:

I am sorry to have to inform you, though,  that it is STILL worse than we thought.  You see, the data used in determining satellite-based SLR in the above data and graphs, is not really a rise in the sea surface HEIGHT.  That is, it does not represent (and never has) an actual increase in the level of the sea surface above the geoid (or, easier to imagine, increasing distance from the center of the Earth). Real sea level rise is reflected in a rise in Global Mean Sea Surface Height.  But Global Mean SLR, as calculated by Colorado’s Sea Level Group,  NOAA, and other SLR groups is a concept — not a measurement.  I once used the phrase “imaginary number”  to describe this type of non-physical metric — a number said to represent something in the real world, but in actuality, being something different altogether.  I discuss in general how this comes about in an essay “What Are They Really Counting”. SLR satellite data includes things such as the “GIA Adjustment” — which is the amount of SLR that there would have been if the ocean basin hadn’t increased in volume  and in the case of this new study, how much higher the sea surface would have been if it had not been suppressed by the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption,  another correction for ENSO/PDO “computed via a joint cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis of altimeter GMSL, GRACE land water storage, and Argo-based thermosteric sea level from 2005 to present”, as well as other additions and adjustments  — NONE OF WHICH can actually be found manifested in any change to the physical Sea Surface Height.  But that’s a torrid tale for another time.

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Take Home Messages:

  1. Overall, the seas have been rising, slowly and inexorably, since the end of the last Ice Age, with some blips and bumps along the way. In general, they will continue to do so for the foreseeable future — at somewhere between 4-12 inches [10-30cm] per century.  This rate is an imminent threat to populated areas built nominally at today’s existing sea level.
  2. It does not seem that sea levels are rising dangerously or rapidly, nor is the rise accelerating, on a global scale — though our ability to measure global changes at these very small (millimetric) magnitudes is highly questionable.
  3. All of the above could mean that the constant drumbeat of doom regarding rising sea levels is based on the same sort of Computational Hubris that has brought us “average global temperature anomaly” in place of average global surface temperature.

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Author’s Comment Policy:

I am always happy to read your comments and to try and answer your on-topic questions.

Sea Level Rise is an ongoing Scientific Controversy.  This means that great care must be taken in reading and interpreting the past data, new studies and especially media coverage of the topic [including this series!] — bias and advocacy are rampant, opposing forces are firing repeated salvos at one another in the journals and in the press [this essay is about the latest salvo from Steve Nerem] and the consensus may well simply be “an accurate measure of the prevailing bias in the field.”  (h/t John Ioannidis)

Sea Level Rise is being blatantly used as a scare tactic by advocates of Catastrophic Anthropogenic Global Warming/Climate Change.  Sea level Rise — by now well-known to the general public as less than a foot per century — has been supplanted by Dangerous Sea Level Rise Acceleration as a talking point.

I expect to see a much more detailed examination of this study and this topic  from other authors here soon.  Judith Curry is posting an ongoing series on sea level rise at her place, Climate Etc.

If you are speaking directly to me in your comment, begin it with “Kip…” so I am sure to see it.

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robinedwards36
February 15, 2018 6:22 am

Kip: I would very much like have access to actual data that were used directly to compute the statistics that you quote. It happens that I have the computational wherewithall and statistical knowledge to examine data of this type very intimately. All I need are the data sets that people have used or misused to arrive at their conclusions. The software I use is what I originally wrote for my work in the late 1970s and early 1980s with a large research organisation, where questions of this type were everyday occurrences. The coding is all original, and has diagnostic facilities as well as straightforward and commonplace (these days) multiple regression stuff.
I have already been in touch with Nerem, who has simply referred me to http://sealevel.nasa.gov which so far has been of little help. What I need is the numbers that have been displayed so far merely by plotting, which for me is inadequate. Quadratic (and higher order) coefficients need to be verified as”significant” by appropriate calculations and tests, things that many who read articles such as this will be unaware of.
Unfortunately I cannot post graphics here (I only use email and GIFs) to demonstrate the sorts of things that I routinely do with climate-related data.
I hope that you’ll be able to help me.
Robin
[May we release your email address to Kip (or others) if they request it to begin this programming? .mod]

Bryan A
February 15, 2018 6:34 am

Kip
I am curious about how a Mt Pinatubo style volcanic eruption acts to Increase sea level rise? The study must indicate that the eruption did increase the rate of rise or reducing the rate to offset the effect would be unnecessary.

JimG1
Reply to  Kip Hansen
February 15, 2018 8:28 am

In the late 1980’s I went down to FL with my head engineer and a local contractor and we reviewed some potential sites for building small shopping strips. Some desirable locations were not feasible due to ground water to close to the surface, and we weren’t near the shore. 23 mya there was no Florida and I suppose that situation could reoccur again some day. Folks who build too near the shore now want tax payers to subsidize their ocean view when the wind blows too hard. Predictions of Fractions of an inch over many years are not something in which I have great confidence when planning whether in Florida or New York when a big blow can change everything in a few hours.

Bryan A
Reply to  Kip Hansen
February 15, 2018 10:03 am

Then it would seem that the entire record after the eruption would also need to be adjusted upward.
If Pinatubo Hadn’t happened and their supposed cooling also hadn’t happened lowering the sea level, then the increased height would have carried forward throughout the entire record length. Any subsequent height increase would be on top of that (now non) Pinatubo eruption adjusted height. Shouldn’t the subsequent surface measurements also require the same adjustments?

GREG in Houston
February 15, 2018 7:54 am

Kip, in the first take-home message you said “…This rate is an imminent threat to populated areas built nominally at today’s existing sea level.” Did you mean to say this rate is “not” an imminent threat?

GREG in Houston
Reply to  Kip Hansen
February 15, 2018 8:41 am

OK, thanks. However, I have read that many of these areas have been at risk essentially from the time they were constructed – and usually due to ongoing subsidence and not sea level rise.

Bruce Cobb
February 15, 2018 8:54 am

“We must declare the debate over, get rid of the MWP, hide the decline, deny that the Pause exists/ever existed, declare polar bears threatened by CAGW make SLR look way scarier than it is….
I think I’m beginning to see a pattern here.

February 15, 2018 9:38 am

Data is clay, and data handlers are the artists shaping it.
Somebody needs to do a cartoon-video on how graphs showing steady rises since before humans (or rises of minute amounts during human existence) are twisted, teased, and sculpted like silly putty (yeah, I’m old) into whatever fanciful shape the artistically scientific imagination can muster.

Reply to  Robert Kernodle
February 15, 2018 12:01 pm

This image came to mind.comment image

Reply to  Ron Clutz
February 15, 2018 12:05 pm

OK, that didn’t work. Try this.comment image?w=590

Reply to  Robert Kernodle
February 16, 2018 6:56 am

Here’s what the changes to the data look like:
http://oi64.tinypic.com/34jayrs.jpg

j.pickens
February 15, 2018 10:46 am

Can we just see the graphs without the GIA adjustments? From a “we have to plan for flooding in Miami” perspective, “correcting” for GIA is counterproductive. We need to know actual mean sea level at the low elevation locations to be able to project SLR into the future. By adjusting upwards for an influence which currently tends to exaggerate SLR projections (i.e., SLR “would have been” worse, if not for GIA) the projections lose their association with reality.
TLDR: who cares what the sea level “would have been” with GIA adjustment? I care what it will be.

February 15, 2018 11:39 am

Kip, good job addressing this, especially since the media is hyping it so much. I also put together a response including critiques from Drs. John Gray and Albert Parker.
https://rclutz.wordpress.com/2018/02/15/sea-level-hype/

Reply to  Ron Clutz
February 15, 2018 11:40 am

Correction: Dr. John Ray.

bw
February 15, 2018 11:49 am

Photos of Brooklyn Bridge piers taken during construction compared to today show no change in water level since 1880s. Tidal range for NY harbor is usually 4 to 5 feet daily, so that needs to be considered. But inspecting many photos and other info such as historical geological survey maps shows no obvious changes.
Most tide gage data in areas of geological stability show 1 or 2 millimeters per year increasing water level since measurements began. Perfectly consistent with global climate after centuries of “little ice age” historical fact.

ptolemy2
Reply to  bw
February 15, 2018 3:44 pm

As the earth warms and seas rise and Trump sucks…
Brooklyn bridge was not built by climate scientists, but by civil engineers and uneducated labourers. Thus the level of water on the bridge over however many decades cannot be expected to give any information about sea level rise. A serious deficiency of the bridge is its failure to lean to the left or right, which would indicate an appropriate level of political engagement. No – we must turn to computer models built by climate scientists who lean nicely to the left. They will tell us that sea are indeed rising – contradicting the simple deductive Judeochristian evidence from the bridge of apparent sea level stasis. Left leaning models show acceleration in sea level rise. Future bridges should be built by climate scientists, not Trump-voting builders. Then the bridges would lean progressively to the left, and would accurately indicate (on the left side) sea level rise – which would accelerate and eventually become catastrophic.

1sky1
February 15, 2018 2:04 pm

The remarkable thing about the controversy of accelerating SLR is that almost no one takes proper account of the method and/or time-interval over which the rise is measured. Since by all empirical indications, actual sea-level variations by no means consist of a secular linear trend plus measurement noise, the effect of various quasi-periodic oscillations has a profound effect upon the varying rate of rise estimated at any time over different intervals by various methods.
Acceleration being the time-derivative of the rise rate–a high-pass linear operation–the highly inconsistent results obtained thus are subject to magnification of all the vagaries of chosen interval and method. There is a crying need for the adoption of a uniform, scientifically based standard for the concept of accelerating SLR, not subject to arbitrary ad hoc choices and definitions of acceleration. And there’s likewise a need to recognize that what propels much of the heated debate is the current decades-long discrepancy between the very small rates of SLR seen in satellite and in tide-gauge data. It’s a tempest in a teapot.

Robert in Busan
February 15, 2018 9:02 pm

I don’t think laymen or even those in academia consider the ‘Little Ice Age’ to be the ‘last ice age’ as stated in the notes. That ended many thousands of years ago and sea level rise was vigorous (couple hundred feet) for a while sending Dutch fishing villages many miles inland and submerging the confluence of the Thames and the Rhine. Need the experts to chime in here. Was the’Little Ice Age’ the ‘last ice age’?
Otherwise thanks for a very nice, informative series along with the hard work that went into it.

David J Wendt
February 15, 2018 10:42 pm

For a good overview of the multitude of factors involved in producing the satellite altimetry data I recommend this
https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/media/pdf/jason2/j3_user_handbook.pdf
2.3.1. Accuracy of Sea-level Measurements
Generally speaking Jason-3 has been specified based on the Jason-2 state of the art, with no major
change on ground segment but some changes in the instrumentation (mostly in GPS and DORIS). We
can only mention the following differences: on-board automatic transitions between the Diode/DEM
(Digital Earth Model) mode and the acquisition/tracking mode depending on the satellite’s position,
information about altimeter mode in the telemetry and differences about radiometer calibrations.
As for Jason-2 the sea-surface height shall be provided with a globally averaged RMS accuracy of 3.4
cm (1 sigma), or better, assuming 1 second averages.
The instrumental and environmental corrections are provided with the appropriate accuracy to
meet this requirement. In addition to these requirements, a set of measurement-system goals was
established based on the anticipated impact of off-line ground processing improvements. These
improvements are expected to enable reduction of sea-surface height errors to 2.5 cm RMS.
5.10.1. Inverted Barometer Correction
As atmospheric pressure increases and decreases, the sea surface tends to respond hydrostatically,
falling or rising respectively. Generally, a 1-mbar increase in atmospheric pressure depresses the
sea surface by about 1 cm. This effect is referred to as the inverse barometer (IB) effect…
Note that the time varying mean global pressure over the oceans, P, during the first eight years of
the T/P mission had a mean value of approximately 1010.9 mbar, with an annual variation around
this mean of approximately 0.6 mbar. However, the T/P data products provided a static inverse
barometer correction referenced to a constant mean pressure of 1013.3 mbar.
IB(T/P) = -9.948 (P – 1013.3) ∗ atm
Sea surface heights that are generated after applying an inverse barometer correction referenced
to a mean pressure of 1013.3 mbar are therefore approximately -9.948*(1010.9-1013.3) = 23.9 mm
lower than those that are generated after applying an inverse barometer correction referenced to a
time varying global mean pressure, and the difference between the two sea surface heights has an
annual variation of approximately 9.948*0.6 = 6 mm.

RACookPE1978
Editor
Reply to  Kip Hansen
February 16, 2018 11:24 am

So, has sea level been “higher” than during today’s Modern Warm Period during previous between-the-Ice-Age warm periods (by measurable, definitive amounts at least)?
Take the long, very slightly sloped Fl peninsula for example.
The Bangladesh flat plains, now right above sea level.
The Netherlands and North Sea plains.
The Nile delta perhaps – Though that is contaminated by the Nile river floods and the periodic drying of the Med Sea.
Gore (and the climastrologists) claim these will be flooded back hundreds of miles when sea level rises.
have these area been flooded before? If so, at what intervals, or have they been left flat-and-dry like the long flat east coast of the North American continent since the Appalachians were formed by tectonic collision and lifting?