The IPCC flip flop on year 2100 temperature projections

Andrew Montford at Bishop Hill recently posted links to the AR5 second order draft materials and comments dated March 28th, 2013.

With those available it allows us to begin constructing a timeline of how the finalized documents were hammered out. One of the first things I noticed, was that the temperature projections to the end of the 21st century went through a flip-flop in the evolution of the Summary for Policymakers (SPM).

Here is how global temperature projections looked in the final release from September 27th, 2013:

IPCC_SPM_temp_projections_9-27-13

Note the scale goes to 11°C on the RCP 8.5 map, with the Arctic seeing the greatest warming in that range.

Back to June, the widely leaked to the media draft SPM had a year 2100 RCP 8.5 projection figure with the same scale range, to 11°C:

IPCC_SPM_temp_projections_6-07-13

But back in March 2013, the same section of the Second Order draft SPM had a RCP 8.5 figure projecting about half of the warming of the final SPM draft and the SPM release, and a scale that only goes to 6°C. See the lower right map for “late 21st century”.

IPCC_SPM_temp_projections_3-28-13

IPCC_SPM_temp_projections_TEXT_3-28-13

When the First Order Draft was leaked back in December 2012, they had the 11°C on the RCP 8.5 map:

IPCC_SPM_temp_projections_10-05-12

So, it seems that early opinions in the SPM in 2013 were more conservative, perhaps in response to all the press coverage “the pause” has received, and then as pressure mounts from all the players as the deadline looms, they went back to high end projections. I’m sure there’s quite a back-story that will be revealed once the reviewer comments are examined.

For more on the RCP model, you can visit the web page and run plots yourself. Registration is required to get the data.

http://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at:8787/RcpDb/dsd?Action=htmlpage&page=about

UPDATE: Gavin Schmidt points out on my Twitter feed that the difference comes from the two different working groups, WG1 and WGII. But, what of the difference in opinion on year 2100 projections; certainly that represents a non-consensus? Was WGII giving a minority report with their lower numbers?

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Yancey Ward
October 2, 2013 8:28 am

Clearly the science was in flux all year long.

JimS
October 2, 2013 8:34 am

When the boss tells you to use scare tactics,then you comply or risk getting fired.

October 2, 2013 8:48 am

The September CET daily max numbers after good summer are back to negative territory
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/CET-Dmax.htm
below 20 year (1993-2012) average. Another cold winter looming ahead.

OldWeirdHarold
October 2, 2013 8:55 am

Scary colors are scary.

October 2, 2013 8:57 am

Consensus, my arse.

Chip Javert
October 2, 2013 8:57 am

My skepticism has gone all the way to cynicism.
I believe most scientists (97%+, including Michael Mann) know CAGW is puerile hogwash. Venal politicians only care that a critical mass of pathetic-but-willing parties (media outlets, laughably scientifically illiterate citizens) act as true believers, and can be manipulated to cede more political power.
That’s it; that’s all there is to CAGW.
Appeals for scientific integrity by well meaning colleagues (eg: Bob Tisdale, et al) are meaningless; politicians want power for power’s sake and willingly fund ethically challenged scientists who readily produce intellectually corrupt theories and papers. When the general population tires of this particular con-job, politicians will easily throw their pet scientists under the proverbial bus, and move on to the next attention grabber.
This is not a battle for hearts and minds; it’s a battle for money and power.

John Woolley
October 2, 2013 9:10 am

Oh my gosh! By 2100, the whole world is going to be various shades of red and orange! We have to raise taxes now!

son of mulder
October 2, 2013 9:10 am

The colour scheme is just not frightening enough. As things really get hot they turn blue then white, none of this beige, red and puce which frightens no one any more ;>)

Navy Bob
October 2, 2013 9:20 am

Just like in Spinal Tap, it goes to 11.

JEM
October 2, 2013 9:21 am

I wonder if any of the UN conventions on human trafficking could be used against the IPCC.
After all, it is little more than the world’s best-funded bordello, and while I’m sure most of the highly-credentialed, uh, talent that services their customers regard themselves as voluntary participants, one has to question what sorts of threats and pressure would keep any but the overseers willing participants in this degrading sham.

Nylo
October 2, 2013 9:28 am

What’s the climate sensitivity to CO2 in the RCP model, in order to achieve such a degree of warming? I don’t expect CO2 concentrations to double in 2100 from present, yet the average warmth in the RCP report seems quite bigger than the expected warming for a doubling of CO2 in the worst of the sensitivities contemplated by IPCC.

climatereason
Editor
October 2, 2013 9:31 am

Vuk said;
“The September CET daily max numbers after good summer are back to negative territory
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/CET-Dmax.htm
below 20 year (1993-2012) average. Another cold winter looming ahead.”
Several months ago I compiled a chart of glacier retreats and advances over the last 3000 years and graphed over it the Hockey stick and reconstructed CET to 1538. This demonstrated that climatic variability was far higher than claimed by DR Mann.
http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/clip_image010.jpg
In it I made the observation that it appeared that changes in glacier direction (retreat/advances) occurred around the plus 0.2 to zero Centigrade CET anomaly. Of course glaciers don’t change direction overnight, but IF the current trend continues and CET falls even further towards the zero anomaly line it will be interesting to see the effects on glacial movements (if any) Generally the glaciers in Switzerland and Austria seem the most responsive
tonyb

October 2, 2013 9:33 am

When considering the number and extent of unauthorised leaking of AR5, is that in itself a sign of the faith the scientific body have in the IPPC process?

Jim Cripwell
October 2, 2013 9:38 am

Sorry, as long as the RS and APS say the science is sound, no-one who matters is listening.

October 2, 2013 9:52 am

climatereason says:
October 2, 2013 at 9:31 am
……
Hi Tony
Many unknowns in the ‘not soon to be settled science’.
Btw. This morning’s (02-07 h GMT ) short but powerful (Kp = 6) geomagnetic storm
http://flux.phys.uit.no/cgi-bin/plotgeodata.cgi?Last24&site=tro2a&
is one of the strongest if not strongest I’ve seen in the recent years (earth’s magnetic field Bz >2% and By >15%)
Most likely caused by a short double CME blast from the sun http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov//data/REPROCESSING/Completed/2013/c2/20130929/20130929_2336_c2_512.jpg

Tom J
October 2, 2013 9:55 am

Perhaps the color rendition on my
i-phone is a little off but one thing I noticed is that the temperature indicating color map for the ‘late-21st-century RCP8.5’ from the Second Order draft SPM from March 2013 shows the globe warming in a rather attractive red hue with the real continental hotspots indicated by a rather pretty purple color.
They must’ve had a rather heated (sorry about the pun) conversation with their graphic designer because that public relations fault appears to have been properly corrected in the final release of the ‘Approved’ Summary for Policymakers (Lawmakers and Regulators) released on September 27th. Now the colors have been changed to a more somber un appealing rusty red and deathly brown.
Bravo, IPCC!

GaryM
October 2, 2013 9:56 am

That graph makes it look like the Arctic will spontaneously combust in 2100.

Bill
October 2, 2013 10:03 am

I think the only difference is the change in color scheme. The estimated change over the U.S. appears to be very close, if not the same.

Mike Ford
October 2, 2013 10:16 am

Coming soon to a century near you, tropical beach trips to the Arctic!

James at 48
October 2, 2013 10:20 am

We’ll be luck if 2100 is as warm as 2000 was. For sure, the population will have peaked and will be heading downward. Not only will that result in a decrease in CO2 output (to the extent it actually causes a rise) is will also result in decreased outbound energy flux from human activities, and decreased albedo modification. If the decline becomes a crash, there will probably be vast reforestation like what happened starting during the 5th Century.

Tom J
October 2, 2013 10:27 am

OldWeirdHarold
October 2, 2013 at 8:55 am
John Woolley
October 2, 2013 at 9:10 am
son of mulder
October 2, 2013 at 9:10 am
You guys beat me to the punch. It’s too bad the general public’s not aware, the way you are, of the shenanigans this renowned leadership is engaged in. And the pathetic part is that they’re not pulling these stunts with their money (of course not), they’re pulling them with ours’. I wonder how much destruction there will be before they realize they’re in the process of killing the very own goose that laid the golden egg they’re scrambling for their own breakfast.

RC Saumarez
October 2, 2013 10:29 am

I think this is the beginning of the end for the IPCC. How on earth do they expect get away with this?
As regards the rewriting of climate model outputs, this is tantamount to scientific fraud, or at least it would be in any respectable field of science.
Suddenly, the dam will burst as the cost of energy really starts to bite and the IPCC and its workings will become increasingly exposed to public gaze.

Louis
October 2, 2013 10:32 am

The deepening red will eventually come to represent ever-increasing embarrassment, not warming.

rogerknights
October 2, 2013 10:39 am

Tom J says:
October 2, 2013 at 10:27 am
You guys beat me to the punch. It’s too bad the general public’s not aware, the way you are, of the shenanigans this renowned leadership is engaged in.

That’s why a House hearing on AR5 is needed. Contrarians should volunteer to offer the committee members questions that IPCC participants should be asked, etc.

Crispin in Waterloo but really in Yogyakarta
October 2, 2013 10:42 am

I hope someone up there at the IPCC has notice that while ice in the Arctic has been melting away each summer (a consequence of heating from below) the air temperature north of 80 degrees N has not risen in donkey’s years. So what is the basis of this 6-11 degree rise? It is certainly not a projection of an existing trend.
Is there a model showing ice loss with no temperature rise for a couple of decades?
I have been checking on the IPCC’s search for the missing tropical hotspot (having nothing better to do) and I worked out what they did this time round. Radiosonde data show no warming/hotspot in the critical zone. If it was there, a key prediction of the GHG theory would be validated. It is not there as thousands (?) of measurements have repeatedly shown. Solution? Look North, young man.
Well, not quite. The data has been ‘homogenized’ across a broader range of altitude and following this messing around, the data was declared defective and inconclusive. Pretty slick! I can’t think up stuff that nefarious. The data quality (which they just messed up) is no longer up to snuff apparently so they had to settle for an expression of opinion. Who’d-a-thought? The opinion: they have a high level of confidence that the hotspot is probably there.
Y’all are free to check is out. I think I have called it right.

October 2, 2013 10:43 am

I get the feeling the IPCC has a bunch of 8 year olds with crayons frantically coloring their visions of a planet explosion brought on by the Death Star named CO2.

October 2, 2013 10:44 am

Except for the purple the maps look like the color of the trees here in the UP of Michigan.

Gerald Kelleher
October 2, 2013 11:13 am

There is another precedent for how this bandwagon plays out and it happened in the mid 19th century when a number of people decided that the conclusion drawn by Sir Isaac Newton was so bad that it needed fixing.Unfortunately the issue remains unresolved or rather,the false conclusion is upheld out of some misplaced loyalty.
Newton misread Kepler’s statement of lunar orbital motion as meaning ‘rotation’,normally people would read the relevant passage in Kepler and draw the same conclusion that he is not referring to a spinning moon but an orbiting one –
http://books.google.ie/books?id=OdCJAS0eQ64C&pg=PA80&lpg#v=onepage&q&f=false
Now,remember this is an observation that anyone and everyone can see without magnification equipment and it would be as common to the ancients as it is to us yet although no human being has seen the far side of the moon from the Earth there are people who will go to great lengths to ‘prove’ the moon spins as it orbits the Earth.If you can get people to believe the moon spins you can get them to believe anything including human control over global temperatures.
Despite appearances,the ‘global warming/climate change’ issue is a symptom of an underlying problem that has a specific beginning with specific technical landmarks.

Bill
October 2, 2013 11:16 am

Hey Bill,
Stop using my user name!

herkimer
October 2, 2013 11:39 am

VUKCEVIC/TONY B
” Another cold winter looming ahead.”
Take a look at Vukcevic’s chart CET –D years 1983-1910, winter temperatures . The chart is excellent in my opinion
I agree that UK may have another colder winter [ below 4C winter average] and these cold winters could go on to the end of the decade . I base my projection on what happened the 10 years after 1883 which was a period of cold winter temperature declines during the decline form max to min of the first low solar cycle[#12]. It was the first of three consecutive low cycles. There was the Krakatau eruption as well during this period but it did not account entirely for the decade of colder weather but only perhaps 2-3 years . I see that we are about in the same stage with or current cycle #24 having just passed the maximum. I anticipate AO to be negative much more during this coming 10 year period. I also see sustained periods of low solar flux and more negative AO periods over the next 10 years . Ocean temperatures are also declining and so are the Arctic winter temperatures .

Tom J
October 2, 2013 11:43 am

mkelly
October 2, 2013 at 10:44 am
says:
‘Except for the purple the maps look like the color of the trees here in the UP of Michigan.’
The difference is that the trees are green before they turn, in the fall, into the color on the maps. The IPCC and its groupies are hoping for the opposite: that the color on the maps will turn into a fat green wad they’ll be stuffing in their pockets.

October 2, 2013 11:56 am

Tom J says:
October 2, 2013 at 11:43 am
True so very greedily true.

R. de Haan
October 2, 2013 12:35 pm

Idiots with a color box.

October 2, 2013 12:45 pm

This shows that politics drives the IPCC, not science.

Resourceguy
October 2, 2013 12:47 pm

Look on the bright side. They edited out the licks of flame rising from the globe to leave just as a baked brick version instead.

Mayor of Venus
October 2, 2013 1:39 pm

Mike Ford @ 10:16 am said “Coming soon to a century near you, tropical beach trips to the Arctic!” Indeed! Invest in beach-front property in the Aleutian Islands now! Real-estate developers, take note that projections of global warming presents you this great opertunity. And lots of potential property tax collections for Alaska. What did Groucho Marx say? “Oh, how you can get stucco”?

Editor
October 2, 2013 1:45 pm

UPDATE: Gavin Schmidt points out on my Twitter feed that the difference comes from the two different working groups, WG1 and WGII.

I wonder if both groups are 95% confident they’re right. What happens if one is wrong?

numerobis
October 2, 2013 2:24 pm

One might argue that a devious group of scientists tried to get a figure out that had much of the northern hemisphere under a “greater than 6 C warming” colour, to underplay the fact that the actual projections for that region went all the way up to 11 C warming, and added colours to denote as much as 6 C cooling even though nowhere is likely to cool by more than half a degree. Luckily, the conspirators were stymied by the review process, which reverted to the figure with a more appropriate temperature scale.

Brian H
October 2, 2013 2:38 pm

James at 48 says:
October 2, 2013 at 10:20 am
We’ll be luck if 2100 is as warm as 2000 was. For sure, the population will have peaked and will be heading downward. Not only will that result in a decrease in CO2 output (to the extent it actually causes a rise) is will also result in decreased outbound energy flux from human activities, and decreased albedo modification. If the decline becomes a crash, there will probably be vast reforestation like what happened starting during the 5th Century.

Yeah, pretty much, except for one quibble. Even the UN projects that e.g. Bangladesh will have a standard of living by 2100 about equal to the current UK level. The energy use world-wide per capita will necessarily soar to achieve this. Renewables being the unaffordable unworkable dead horses that they are, this means fossil fuel use, and soaring CO2 output. (For which the world’s plants, including the 7 or so most relied-on grain crops, will be deliriously grateful.)

bit chilly
October 2, 2013 3:58 pm

richard s courtney kindly provided this link to help me establish how we ended up where we are today.looking at the IPCC numbers and comparing them to the numbers here,it would appear the worlds climatologists have spent an incredible amount of money ,and spent countless hours to come up with approximately the same numbers as we had in 1896 , is this correct ?
in discussion with warmists i am constantly told understanding of the earths systems by clmate scientists are improving year on year ,despite the fact the observed data suggests otherwise. to me it would appear that climate “science” has changed little in over 100 years,except more people are getting bigger paychecks for supporting a hypothesis that originated over a century ago,that to this day is still not supported by observation.

bit chilly
October 2, 2013 3:59 pm

apologies for omitting the link i referred to ,here it is http://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf

Pamela Gray
October 2, 2013 8:45 pm

What is crazy about measuring the temperature of the surface of anything is that the overall temperature may not have change at all. Take the oceans. We know there are layers of colder and warmer waters. And we know that sometimes they mix things up. Warm water rises, or cold waters get mixed in at the surface, etc. But for the most part IPCC measures the surface and goes screaming into the night that heat has been “added”. But what if it just changed places? Same thing for the atmosphere. It is layered as well. What if the heat just switched places at the surface? We should all know by now that nothing in our oceans and atmosphere are well mixed. We live in a gloppy world of fluid dynamics.

lokenbr
October 2, 2013 9:23 pm

In the spirit of Navy Bob’s comment, here is the snip from Spinal Tap:
Nigel: The numbers all go to eleven. Look, right across the board, eleven, eleven, eleven and…
Martin: Oh, I see. And most amps go up to ten?
Nigel: Exactly.
Martin: Does that mean it’s louder? Is it any louder?
Nigel: Well, it’s one louder, isn’t it? It’s not ten. You see, most blokes, you know, will be playing at ten. You’re on ten here, all the way up, all the way up, all the way up, you’re on ten on your guitar. Where can you go from there? Where?
Martin: I don’t know.
Nigel: Nowhere. Exactly. What we do is, if we need that extra push over the cliff, you know what we do?
Martin: Put it up to eleven.
Nigel: Eleven. Exactly. One louder.
Martin: Why don’t you just make ten louder and make ten be the top number and make that a little louder?
[Pause.]
Nigel: This one goes to eleven.

Gail Combs
October 3, 2013 12:24 am

Brian H says: @ October 2, 2013 at 2:38 pm
In reply to James at 48 says: @ October 2, 2013 at 10:20 am
….Yeah, pretty much, except for one quibble. Even the UN projects that e.g. Bangladesh will have a standard of living by 2100 about equal to the current UK level…..
>>>>>>>>>>>>
You are assuming carbon based energy sources while India and China are going full steam ahead on nuclear and that is where the large populations are.
China lead in thorium research may bag it prize for clean, cheap, safe nuclear power
http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/1786372/comment-china-lead-in-thorium-research-may-bag-it-prize-for-clean-cheap-safe-nuclear-power

richardscourtney
October 3, 2013 12:43 am

bit chilly:
At October 2, 2013 at 3:58 pm you cite the paper by Arrhenius published in 1896
http://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf
and you ask

looking at the IPCC numbers and comparing them to the numbers here,it would appear the worlds climatologists have spent an incredible amount of money ,and spent countless hours to come up with approximately the same numbers as we had in 1896 , is this correct ?

I answer:
Yes, that is “correct” concerning ‘IPCC science’.
But it is not true of real science.

Empirical – n.b. not model-derived – determinations indicate climate sensitivity is less than 1.0°C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2 equivalent. This is indicated by the studies of
Idso from surface measurements
http://www.warwickhughes.com/papers/Idso_CR_1998.pdf
and Lindzen & Choi from ERBE satellite data
http://www.drroyspencer.com/Lindzen-and-Choi-GRL-2009.pdf
and Gregory from balloon radiosonde data
http://www.friendsofscience.org/assets/documents/OLR&NGF_June2011.pdf
Indeed, because climate sensitivity is less than 1.0°C for a doubling of CO2 equivalent, it is physically impossible for man-made global warming (from increased atmospheric CO2) to be large enough to be detected (which is why the IPCC ignores the measurements of reality and only accepts the outputs of climate models).
Richard

Andrew
October 3, 2013 2:53 am

Maybe it’s an auction. They’re bidding 11C in the arctic.
Seems like great news – warmer in the poles (especially at night), means more livable conditions in Tasmania, most of Europe, most of Northern Asia and Canadia. What’s the downside?

hunter
October 3, 2013 4:29 am

The IPCC is putting to rest any doubt about their being a scientific body.
They are not. They are a group that creates sales tools and stage props for the promotion of AGW.

October 3, 2013 10:37 am

herkimer says:
October 2, 2013 at 11:39 am
………….
Thanks. The graph is now updated with the CET daily minimum temperatures.

jai mitchell
October 3, 2013 12:14 pm

You need to all take a second and actually read the graphic. The temperatures are the same, they just had to increase the scale so that they could show the regions above 65’N latitudes that were going to warm more than 6’C on average annually.
All other temperatures are still the same, the area that used to all be maxed out at 6 degrees is still 6 degrees until the higher resolution can show more warming as you go further northward.
.

herkimer
October 3, 2013 12:26 pm

VUKCEVIC
The chart that I used was
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/CET-D.htm
and the winter temperature plot . Note the temperature drop off after 1883. I see 2013 as the nearest comparable year to 1883. I am talking about decadal trends only here , The trend of 1883 -1993 which showed declining winter temperatures could compare with the trend of 2013 -2023 as the various climate variables like the declining sun cycle , cooling ocean cycle and early Arctic cooling are all happening again. This may bring the AO into a neagtive mode more frequently

herkimer
October 3, 2013 12:30 pm

VUKCEVIC
Small typo error in my previous post :
I meant to say that the trend from 1883-1893 may be comparable to 2013-2023 for winter temperatures

October 3, 2013 12:59 pm

herkimer says:
October 3, 2013 at 12:30 pm
…. the trend from 1883-1893 may be comparable to 2013-2023 for winter temperatures
Herkimer
I would agree. The extrapolated CWT’s natural variability (in this case for the annual temperature) suggests about two decades of cooling
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/CET-NVa.htm

herkimer
October 3, 2013 4:58 pm

vukcevic
I would agree with you that the cooling globally could go into 2030 at least. I was just pointing out the10 year CET experience after 1883 to focus on our next 10 years. The total comparable periods are actually 1880-1910 and 2000-2030.
Here is another scientist who also thinks the cooling will last longer. This quote is from the GLOBAL WARMING POLICY FOUNDATION web page
“Anastasios Tsonis, distinguished professor at the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, believes the pause will last much longer than that. He points to repeated periods of warming and cooling in the 20th century.”
“Each one of those regimes lasts about 30 years … I would assume something like another 15 years of leveling off or cooling,” he told Fox News.”