UPDATE: 4/5/14 I’ve posted some additional correspondence to make what transpired clearer, see below – Anthony
Given the recent retraction of Lewandowsky’s #2 paper “Recursive Fury” and the clear line in the sand drawn by the Journal to Lewandowsky and his supporters over their false claims of “legal threats”, I thought it would be a good time to share the letter I wrote covering both of Lewandowsky’s papers that attempt to frame climate skeptics as “crazy people” by using the Journals Psychological Science and Frontiers in Psychology as bully pulpits.
Clearly, the Lewandowsky “Recursive Fury” paper was really little more than an exposition for the purpose of sliming people who disagreed with their premise about climate science.
Most of this letter (with some redactions) has already been released via FOI requests made from UWA, so there’s really no reason to not publish it in full since even with those redactions, it is clear to anyone familiar with WUWT that I authored it.
I offer my effort below, in entirety, with the exception that two email addresses were redacted as a courtesy, along with my email address and phone number which appeared at the bottom of the letter. I would hope that the Vice Chancellor of UWA, Professor Paul Johnson, will see and heed what I’ve written, because with the latest revelations about Lewandowsky’s paper, his position of denying data sharing for replication is becoming even more untenable.
================================================================
Robyn Owens
Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research).
University of Western Australia
dvcr@xxxx.xxx.xx
Eric Eich,
Editor, Psychological Science;
Association for Psychological Science
1133 15th Street, NW
Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20005
ee@xxxx.xxx
(BY FAX to Washington DC office) April 4th, 2013 4:15PM Pacific Standard Time
To the Editors and administrators of Psychological Science,
This letter is my complaint about your publication of
NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax An Anatomy of the Motivated Rejection of Science DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457686 published online 26 March 2013 Psychological Science Stephan Lewandowsky, Klaus Oberauer and Gilles E. Gignac
Hereafter, referred to as “LOG”.
I make this complaint because I believe that this research was not only done improperly, but with malice aforethought.
I point out these passages from the paper:
The Internet, by contrast, provides the opportunity for individuals who reject a scientific consensus to feed “each other’s feelings of persecution by a corrupt elite” (McKee & Diethelm, 2010, pp. 1310–1311). Accordingly, climate-“skeptic” blogs have become a major staging post for denial, although blogs are also used by supporters of climate science to disseminate scientific evidence.
…
Popular climate blogs can register upward of 700,000 monthly visitors, a self-selected audience that is by definition highly engaged in the increasingly polarized climate debate.
Climate-blog denizens therefore present a highly relevant population for the study of variables underlying endorsement or rejection of the scientific consensus on climate.
I operate the most popular climate related blog in the world, WattsUpWithThat.com (WUWT) which typically logs approximately a million unique visitors per month, with typical months having 4 million page views. WUWT also recently approved its one millionth comment. By the definitions given in the LOG paper, WUWT would be a “popular climate blog”.
WUWT is widely read by both sides of the debate and has been the subject of national television interviews, international print and web media stories, as well as the impetus for some congressional investigations into irregularities in climate science. While the audience is primarily of the climate skeptic nature, suffice it to say that WUWT is read by those who both embrace it and those who hate it due to its wide reach.
The reason for my compliant is that Dr. Lewandowsky, his co-authors, and his assistant excluded WUWT from the LOG paper data sampling process, and by doing so, created a situation that created a result that confirmed their expectations. This is not a case of hurt feelings or concerns of being left out, quite the contrary, my concern one of data gathering accuracy as it relates to the LOG paper. It seems that they created a confirmation bias by the procedure chosen.
While the LOG team members contacted five pro-AGW and skeptical blogs via an indirect contact method using Dr. Lewandowsky’s assistant, Charles Hanich, with the intent of asking participation in their survey for the purpose of data gathering, the most visited and most widely read climate blog, WUWT, was excluded from the sampling. Neither I nor any of my blog volunteer moderators received any invitation from any of the people associated with the LOG paper.
If the LOG author’s intent was to get a true sample of the climate skeptic community, it would stand to reason that they would want to get a large of a data sample as possible, and a data sample that is truly representative of climate skeptic community they wished to sample.
Disturbingly though, WUWT was not one of the blogs asked to gather a sample by posting a survey, and further, it appears that by the LOG paper lead author’s own admission, very few if any climate skeptic opinions were actually sampled. Comparisons of invitations in online and private discussions reveal that Dr. Lewandowsky personally notified climate activist blogs of his association with the survey in the communications, but concealed his participation from the climate skeptic blogs contacted by having his assistant, Hanich, make the contact.
And, it appears that only two of the climate skeptic blogs contacted even noticed the request from Hanich, let alone ran the requested survey, yet the LOG authors insist they have a valid sample of climate skeptic responses. From my own investigations and the investigations of other interested parties, it appears that only a handful of climate skeptics actually took the survey, and that the bulk of the data samples were comprised of responses of climate action advocacy blogs contacted personally by Dr. Lewandowsky.
Dr. Lewandowsky engaged in active concealment of his involvement with requests to skeptic blogs via Hanich, in violation of UWA academic policy listed in section 2.6.1 of the UWA Code of Conduct for Responsible Research and sections 2.3.1, 2.3.2 and 2.3.4 of the National Statement See: http://www.research.uwa.edu.au/staff/research-policy/guidelines
1. In August 2010, Dr. Lewandowsky actively concealed his association with the survey subsequently reported in LOG “The Moon landing paper” published in Psychological Science from myself and several other bloggers involved. There were options available to him, including disclosure of Dr. Lewandowsky’s association with the survey, in breach of sections 2.3.1(a) and 2.3.1(b).
2. Lewandowsky made false representations to the UWA Ethics Committee in his original application related to his use of active concealment.
3. Following the completion of the survey in 2010, Dr. Lewandowsky did not disclose his association with the survey to me or others he claims to have surveyed, even though requested to do so, which are in breach of sections 2.3.1(e) and 2.3.2(b).
Based on this behavior, I suggest that the LOG sampling was biased by design, with specific intent to create a predetermined outcome, because had the LOG authors contacted WUWT and had we run their survey, or if the other skeptic blogs had noticed and run the request from the unknown Mr. Hanich, I suggest the data sample gathered would very likely not support the premise of their paper.
To test this theory, WUWT replicated and posted the Lewandowsky survey questions for public participation, which you can see here: http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/09/08/replication-of-lewandowsky-survey/
1534 samples were gathered, and the data when collated suggests a climate skeptic opinion sample that is in stark contrast to that of the LOG paper. For example, in question 13 which asked:
The following results were obtained from the WUWT sampling:
CYMoon 12 2 14 40 1466
1466 respondents said that statement was “absolutely false” while 12 indicated it was “absolutely true”
Mean: 4.920 Standard Deviation: 0.440
Since this question is central to the conclusion of the LOG paper, how can the LOG authors reconcile their conclusion when this large sample on a climate skeptic blog is contradictory? The LOG paper is currently being circulated as proof of climate skeptics being irrational, believing in conspiracy theories never even discussed on WUWT and other climate skeptic blogs, and believing that the moon landing was faked.
As a result of the LOG paper published in Psychological Science, and the reaction paper (Recursive fury: Conspiracist ideation in the blogosphere in response to research on conspiracist ideation published in Frontiers in Pschology and now withdrawn pending an investigation), I am personally being named in online discussions with such labeling as NI (nefarious intent), PV (persecution-victim complex), NS (nihilistic skepticism), NoA (nothing by accident), MbW (must be wrong) and UCT (unreflexive counterfactual thinking) now on a regular basis. Essentially, the PS publication has given license to libel me and others with claims that our responses make up the claim, when in fact WUWT and other climate skeptic blogs had no input into the data gathering at all.
It was always my understanding that the field of psychology had ethics that prevented the disclosure of diagnoses to named individuals publicly. Did Dr. Lewandowsky obtain some sort of license to assign psychological diagnoses of individuals in absentia, never having gathered data from them or even engaged them in a professional consultation? If this is so, I would like to see documentation where UWA has endorsed such procedures.
I direct your attention to these sections of the Code of Ethics for the American Psychological Association, seen here: http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Psychologists strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm. In their professional actions, psychologists seek to safeguard the welfare and rights of those with whom they interact professionally and other affected persons and the welfare of animal subjects of research. When conflicts occur among psychologists’ obligations or concerns, they attempt to resolve these conflicts in a responsible fashion that avoids or minimizes harm. Because psychologists’ scientific and professional judgments and actions may affect the lives of others, they are alert to and guard against personal, financial, social, organizational or political factors that might lead to misuse of their influence. Psychologists strive to be aware of the possible effect of their own physical and mental health on their ability to help those with whom they work.
Principle C: Integrity
Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty and truthfulness in the science, teaching and practice of psychology. In these activities psychologists do not steal, cheat or engage in fraud, subterfuge or intentional misrepresentation of fact. Psychologists strive to keep their promises and to avoid unwise or unclear commitments. In situations in which deception may be ethically justifiable to maximize benefits and minimize harm, psychologists have a serious obligation to consider the need for, the possible consequences of, and their responsibility to correct any resulting mistrust or other harmful effects that arise from the use of such techniques.
I suggest that by the process of active concealment (subterfuge), exclusion of samples that may not support the premise of the LOG paper, and by assigning diagnoses publicly, has willfully breached this code of ethics. Further, in his published online discussions, Dr. Lewandowsky has engaged in what I can only describe as “taunting”. This one, taunting Mr. Steve McIntyre, is just one of many examples in Dr. Lewandowsky’s online forum:
http://www.shapingtomorrowsworld.org/lewandowskyVersionGate.html
I laud the stirring dedication to investigative Googling. Alas, this highly relevant detective work is far from perfect.
If I am not mistaken, I can indeed confirm that there were 4—not 3—versions of the survey (unless that was the number of my birth certificates, I am never quite sure, so many numbers to keep track of… Mr. McIntyre’s dog misplaced an email under a pastrami sandwich a mere 8.9253077595543363 days ago, and I have grown at least one tail and several new horns over the last few days, all of which are frightfully independent and hard to keep track of).
Versiongate!
Finally this new friend from Conspirania is getting some legs.
About time, too, I was getting lonely.
Astute readers will have noted that if the Survey ID’s from above are vertically concatenated and then viewed backwards at 33 rpm, they read “Mitt Romney was born in North Korea.”
To understand the relevance of Mr Romney’s place of birth requires a secret code word. This code word, provided below, ought to be committed to memory before burning this post.
So here it is, the secret code. Read it backwards: gnicnalabretnuoc.
Translations are available in any textbook for Methodology 101.
From my perspective, this is not the behavior of a professional psychologist. Many more examples of this sort of taunting and harassing dialog in response to questions about the LOG paper can be found on Dr. Lewandowsky’s online forum. I direct you to this section of the APA code of ethics:
3.03 Other Harassment
Psychologists do not knowingly engage in behavior that is harassing or demeaning to persons with whom they interact in their work based on factors such as those persons’ age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language or socioeconomic status.
I would also like to point out this section on Informed Consent:
3.10 Informed Consent
(a) When psychologists conduct research or provide assessment, therapy, counseling or consulting services in person or via electronic transmission or other forms of communication, they obtain the informed consent of the individual or individuals using language that is reasonably understandable to that person or persons except when conducting such activities without consent is mandated by law or governmental regulation or as otherwise provided in this Ethics Code. (See also Standards 8.02, Informed Consent to Research; 9.03, Informed Consent in Assessments; and 10.01, Informed Consent to Therapy.)
By Dr. Lewandowsky’s active concealment of his involvement in the survey, followed by published psychological diagnoses of the climate skeptics he supposedly studied via that survey, I believe that he has failed to obtain “Informed Consent” in his communications.
Regarding the premise of the LOG paper, the idea that I would deny the moon landing took place is ludicrous, especially since I count Dr. Harrison Schmidt, the only scientist (geologist) to walk on the moon amongst my professional friends. I have spoken at conferences with Dr. Schmidt sharing space on the dais with him.
While I’m reasonably certain the LOG authors would be quick to count these suggestions above and below as proof of my belief in “conspiracy theory”, I suggest to you the following has occurred:
1. The data sampling was conducted erratically, with the method of contact almost guaranteeing participation of the friends and acquaintances of Dr. Lewandowsky, while likely excluding climate skeptic blogs.
2. Most data was gathered at climate activist blogs, representing a biased sample consisting mostly of non-skeptics.
3. The LOG questions themselves were so poorly worded, they tended to preclude the few climate skeptics who did encounter the survey from finishing it, further biasing the sample.
4. The resultant data, while known to the LOG authors as being a highly biased sample due to the flawed gathering methodology, was used to gauge the opinions of the minority of climate skeptic participants as being central to the paper.
5. The results are used by the LOG authors as a license to libel myself and others, to paint us with absurd and ludicrous opinions we do not hold.
6. The publication of the LOG paper in Psychological Science has given it a credibility by association, and essentially PS becomes a party to the libel that is now occurring.
7. Legitimate complaints of impropriety and flawed methodology in the LOG paper data gathering process are being held up by the LOG paper authors and others as “proof” of climate skeptics embracing the conclusions of their paper.
8. Multiple willful ethics violations have occurred in Dr. Lewandowsky’s work.
Based on what was published, it seems to me that the Psychological Science journal was unaware of the background and circumstances involved in the data gathering, and it seems clear that these issues were not flagged for scrutiny during the peer review process. Whether this occurred due to non-disclosure by the LOG authors or by flaws in the review process, or both, is unknown to me at this time.
Therefore, given the issue I have described and detailed, I respectfully suggest these accusations and allegations as a result of the LOG paper are untrue, are unsupported by the data gathered, are defamatory and malicious to myself and others, and with the publication in Psychological Science are being used as a justification for the correctness of such claims by Dr. Lewandowsky and others.
As a 25 year veteran of the television and radio media, I am sensitive to the issues associated with libel and slander as it pertains to news stories. Given that the LOG paper has become news in itself, It is my opinion that Psychological Science has enabled such actions by a peer review process that completely missed (or ignored) the gross abuses of ethics and data gathering methodology resulting in a clearly biased data set from which erroneous conclusions were drawn. Those erroneous conclusions are being used to harm the careers and reputations of people that Dr. Lewandowsky has disagreements with. Essentially he is using his position at UWA and the publication in Psychological Science as a tool to denigrate people that he studied. I cannot imagine a more egregious and obscene breach of ethics by a psychologist.
Therefore, I formally request that you investigate my claims, and temporarily retract the LOG paper during the investigation, while considering if permanent retraction is warranted.
Due to the complex timeline of this issue, I reserve the right to amend this complaint as additional issues are discovered and documented. Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Anthony Watts
Chico, CA, USA
cc: CCH Esq.
UPDATE: 4/5/14
Some readers were a bit confused about the date, this all transpired one year ago. Others wondered if I had submitted the same letter to Frontiers in Psychology, and I did, but first I asked them not to share it with Lewandowsky but to investigate independently. They asked me to reconsider my position. So to be clear, I submitted the letter to UWA and Psychological Science as well as Frontiers in Psychology, though I had to wait a couple of days on Frontiers in Psychology regarding their desire to share it with Lewandowsky. Some correspondence on that follows.
It should be noted that I give Frontiers in Psychology high marks for doing what they said they would do. I took them at their word, and this is what I wrote back:
Also, it should be noted that UWA never responded to my complaint, not even with an acknowledgement of receipt as requested, but we now know that they did in fact receive it, and it was published as part of the FOIA documents on DeSmog Blog recently.
Eric Eich, editor at Psychological Science responded with a brief note, see below.
There has been no further communications from the journal since then.
I have published my emails to Professor Maybery and Professor Lewandowsky reporting an specific error in the ‘NASA Moon Hoax’ paper and my request for the raw data here:
http://unsettledclimate.org/2014/04/05/i-requested-data-from-the-university-of-western-australia/
Very good letter, Anthony. I especially commend the way you can write such clear and cool-headed prose when you must have been spitting tacks at the time. And as usual, the thought crossed my mind, when you quoted Lewandowsky’s purple prose, that his “stream of consciousness” might be of interest to a real psychologist – if I found myself turning out weirdness like that in public it’d be time for a v-e-r-y long break indeed.
(Shakes head) I must be getting old. BS business like this had no place in the world I grew up in.
Psychological Science is the flagship journal of the APS:
http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications
“Psychological Science, the flagship journal of the Association for Psychological Science, is the leading peer-reviewed journal publishing cutting-edge empirical research spanning the entire spectrum of the science of psychology.”
The vast amount AGW ‘true believers ‘ who are also 9/11 truthers , opposed to GM and Nuclear on ‘principle ‘ and never mind the science and are convinced that the ‘governments are out to get them ‘ and that ‘cooperation’s rule the world’ All of who are ‘proud ‘ to say this on public blogs , suggest that even Lews’ basic premise , that its sceptics who are conspiracy nuts, is completely wrong .
Is there actual anything in his work which is any good ?
Hello Royal Society . . .
Hello Bristol University . . .
Are you paying attention?
—————
Although I had followed various discussions here and elsewhere, until now I had not fully appreciated that Lew had sunk so Low. Admirably restrained AW letter in the circumstances.
Anthony: I’m astonished that a whole year after writing this you have not received a reply. Not even the courtesy of an acknowledgement?
It just occurred to me how ridiculous the whole premise of LOG really is. Just because someone may believe the moon landing was a hoax doesn’t mean their belief that AGW doesn’t exist is wrong. What’s more, a person’s disbelief in any fact like the moon landing doesn’t make the “fact” of AGW correct.
If you’re wrong about one thing it doesn’t mean you’re wrong about everything.
There has to be a name for this logical fallacy.
Erich Eich was appointed to the Editorial Board of Psychological Science in 2007. In 2012 he was Editor in Chief but in 2014 his name has disappeared from the list of editors, Robert. V. Kail being the Editor in Chief. There is no list for 2013.
http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/journals/psychological_science/editorial-board
‘
And the Guardian comes to the rescue featuring the psychologist‘s paper urging ‘action’ on climate. The headline is an absolute, illogical hoot.
Soooooo more certainty (97% consensus) means there is less urgency to tackle global warming???? LOL. What garbage and utter spin from the Guardian. This paper is highly suspect bearing in mind the past antics of Mr. Lewandowsky. He is a disgrace to his chosen field of parapsychology and anomalous psychology.
The real conspiracy theorists are Warmists. They keep going on about a well funded denialist machine, Koch brothers, creationism, tobacco etc. yet time and again sceptic blogs are reduced to asking for donations, putting up adsense advertising and selling books – Tim Ball, Tisdale, Steyn, WUWT Jo Nova etc. The big six oil companies would only need to contribute $50 million a year each (chicken change) for sceptics to be lowly funded.
Warmists please read about why sceptics cannot be well funded – Notes From Skull Island
Here is a sample.
Sceptics CANNOT be well funded. It’s a conspiracy theory dreamed up by the likes of Michael Mann and Lewandowsky. Get over it!
“I cannot imagine a more egregious and obscene breach of ethics by a psychologist.”
That sums it pretty up in one sentence and is the logical conclusion, very well argued and clarified.
What quality has an academic institution that supports such behaviour in its ranks?
It might be a good idea to put the date the letter was written? My apologies if I have missed it.
Jimbo says:
April 5, 2014 at 4:58 am
It might be a good idea to put the date the letter was written? My apologies if I have missed it.
Yes, you missed it:
(BY FAX to Washington DC office) April 4th, 2013 4:15PM Pacific Standard Time
The 2011 “Dragons of Inaction” article linked to in the sticky post complains that “emotion, including fear, plays an important role in denial” and that so-called “balanced coverage’ encourages denial.
One of the examples given of unacceptable media coverage is cited as the reaction of the “host of a popular talk show on a leading US television network” upon the release of the 2009 APA Task Force Report on the Interface between Psychology and Global Climate Change we have been discussing. What was cited as completely unacceptable? Why the host “held up a copy of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and said, ‘The shrinks are trying to brainwash us again.'”
Mustn’t be allowed to call a spade a spade in public in other words.
Mindert Eiting says: April 5, 2014 at 3:51 am
Well, it seems that the APS website is suffering from a need to clean-up its act! As I recall, when Hoax was still in its circa July 2012 “recently published … forthcoming” paper state (according to Lewandowsky at the time), Kail was not the EIC of Psychological Science, but, perhaps equally misled by the same link you had found, Anthony had asked Kail to investigate Hoax (and received no response).
However, perhaps this lack of response from Kail was a consequence of the fact that Eric Eich became EIC sometime in 2011, and is still the EIC. Maybe Kail failed to fwd the E-mail?! As I had noted at CA last week, Eich, who resides on my patch and is based at UBC,
[begin]
was interviewed for a November 2013 piece in the APS’ Observer on the occasion of the second anniversary of his ascension to the position of Editor in Chief of the APS’ “flagship” Psychological Science. An excerpt [paragraph break inserted for ease of reading and emphasis added -hro] :
Considering the obvious limits to Eich’s own “critical-reasoning abilities” – as evidenced by the eventual publication of Lewandowsky’s et al‘s Moon Hoax paper – I do find it somewhat, well, alarming that he should be teaching such a course.
[end]
I believe that it’s also worth noting that the (non peer-reviewed) APS Observer was also the vehicle of choice for the début of the newly-formed dynamic duo of Lewandowsky and Mann, in which – last November – they had planted the seeds of the “intimidation and bullying of publishers” meme that “blossomed” circa Mar 20/21 this year, when the Frontiers “retraction” first came to light. Pls. see:
Frontears of mediocrity: Lewandowsky & Mann on the march
Anthony
An excellent well professional crafted request for redress of egregious misconduct and obvious libel. Thank you for seeking to restore scientific integrity. This episode exposes severe noble cause corruption by Lewandowsky et al.
“Leading edge research in psychology” ties into the unappreciated actual definition of adaptation in Chapter 20 of the new IPCC report. It is also the sense used by APS in this quote from page 53 of their Task Force report:
“What is distinctive about psychologists’
use of the term
adaptation,
particularly when it’s used to refer to
adaptation processes, is that it includes a focus on intrapsychic
conditions (e.g., appraisals of situations, affective responses,
and motivations) and social processes (e.g., sense making,
social comparison, social construction, and social amplification
of risk) that influence how individuals and communities respond
to challenging circumstances and includes a variety of types of
psychological responses as adaptive responses (e.g., cognitive
reappraisals, disengagement, and emotion management). ”
All of this matters a great deal because it is this cutting edge psychology work and this transformation of individuals psychically, from the inside-out, that is the constant theme of K-12 and higher ed reforms being put into place now all over the world. In the US it is called the Common Core, Australia it is Core Skills, and Canada it is usually just called 21st Century Learning. It always tracks back though to shifting from the transmission of knowledge to targeting values, attitudes, and beliefs and especially altering each student’s Worldview.
It’s no accident that the Tyndall Centre in the UK has shifted to pushing this Integraied Worldview focus that deemphasizes what it pejoratively calls a positive view of the natural sciences.
And Lewandowsky being chums of Cook and Nuccitelli (especially cook) means that it’s highly probable that some of the same “methodology” rubbed off on the 97% consensus paper. The study is along the same lines after all… “opinions”.
No matter what Cook and Nuccitelli claim they will be tarred with the same brush however “light” the tarring is.
When a group gets to ‘the end justifies the means’ statements & publications and thinks that lying or even silencing/jailing opponents (or worse) is OK, you know they have become fanatics without good reasons for their cause. Skeptics are winning on science, if they can survive the hailstorm of certain warmist’s hate for being shown wrong. [I am NOT saying all warmists are haters; with many it is true scientific disagreement on interpreting evidence and models. It is the clique with blinders on and/or afraid to lose the grant money gravy train we need to fear. ]
The LOG paper is absolutely Brilliant. (read to the end before you decide to flame this) It was a masterful work conceived by a slightly twisted genius mind. The posting on Pro- AGW Blog sites and almost virtual exclusion from skeptic Blog sites creates a situation where the Data can be skewed. Without Data access and a lack of ability to scientifically verify and replicate the findings, the conclusions almost have to be accepted.
The problem is, If it WAS designed to be statistically manipulated and the targeted audience was specifically designed to create the data that was needed to form the papers conclusion then there is a conspiracy afoot. But how can you complain about this potential Conspiracy without being labeled as a Conspiracy ideationist?
A real piece of work
As I recall from a very basic statistics course I took, calculating a mean and standard deviation from a rank scale (1 – 5) is not kosher.
REPLY: OK then, what would YOU do with it? – Anthony
Thanks. I should stop skimming. 🙂
“REPLY: OK then, what would YOU do with it? – Anthony”
Allude to the 98% consensus…
🙂
Bryan A,
I disagree with your definition of brilliance. Lewandowsky is a despicable ass. But he has his enablers. That is the problem that Anthony’s letter addresses.
About your ‘conspiracy’ comment: The term “conspiracy theorist” and similar terms were popularized during the Sen. Joe McCarthy era. McCarthy had waved a paper during a speech, on which he claimed were written the names of hundreds of Communist spies working in the State Department.
It turned out that the paper was only McCarthy’s laundry list, and when that fact came out he was discredited. At the time there were hundreds of Communist sympathizers in the newspaper business, and McCarthy handed his head to them on a silver platter.
But when the Berlin Wall came down and thousands of documents were released by the old Soviet Union, McCarthy’s accusation was confirmed — and then some. The entire U.S. government was infested with Soviet agents. [And anyone who believes that they just applied for unemployment when the Wall came down is exceedingly naive.]
So the term “conspiracy theorist” is used to discredit anyone who can see that there is an anti-American, anti-West agenda at work. As Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, there is hardly an instance when a butcher or baker get together, where they don’t conspire to fleece the public.
People are conspiracy-prone, and Lewandowsky is part of a conspiracy. No one has to prove it, all it takes is watching what is happening, and understanding human nature.
“Psychological Science” is an oxymoron.
Little more need be said.
Let us hope that any readers currently at Bristol University will bring this to the attention of those who matter. Whatever we think of Lewandowsky, Bristol is a fine university and I cannot believe they would accept such shoddy behaviour from one of their own.