January 2010 UAH Global Temperature Update +0.72 Deg. C
by Roy W. Spencer, Ph. D.
UPDATE (4:00 p.m. Jan. 4): I’ve determined that the warm January 2010 anomaly IS consistent with AMSR-E sea surface temperatures from NASA’s Aqua satellite…I will post details later tonight or in the a.m. – Roy
YR MON GLOBE NH SH TROPICS
2009 01 +0.304 +0.443 +0.165 -0.036
2009 02 +0.347 +0.678 +0.016 +0.051
2009 03 +0.206 +0.310 +0.103 -0.149
2009 04 +0.090 +0.124 +0.056 -0.014
2009 05 +0.045 +0.046 +0.044 -0.166
2009 06 +0.003 +0.031 -0.025 -0.003
2009 07 +0.411 +0.212 +0.610 +0.427
2009 08 +0.229 +0.282 +0.177 +0.456
2009 09 +0.422 +0.549 +0.294 +0.511
2009 10 +0.286 +0.274 +0.297 +0.326
2009 11 +0.497 +0.422 +0.572 +0.495
2009 12 +0.288 +0.329 +0.246 +0.510
2010 01 +0.724 +0.841 +0.607 +0.757
The global-average lower tropospheric temperature anomaly soared to +0.72 deg. C in January, 2010. This is the warmest January in the 32-year satellite-based data record.
The tropics and Northern and Southern Hemispheres were all well above normal, especially the tropics where El Nino conditions persist. Note the global-average warmth is approaching the warmth reached during the 1997-98 El Nino, which peaked in February of 1998.
This record warmth will seem strange to those who have experienced an unusually cold winter. While I have not checked into this, my first guess is that the atmospheric general circulation this winter has become unusually land-locked, allowing cold air masses to intensify over the major Northern Hemispheric land masses more than usual. Note this ALSO means that not as much cold air is flowing over and cooling the ocean surface compared to normal. Nevertheless, we will double check our calculations to make sure we have not make some sort of Y2.01K error (insert smiley). I will also check the AMSR-E sea surface temperatures, which have also been running unusually warm.
After last month’s accusations that I’ve been ‘hiding the incline’ in temperatures, I’ve gone back to also plotting the running 13-month averages, rather than 25-month averages, to smooth out some of the month-to-month variability.
We don’t hide the data or use tricks, folks…it is what it is.
[NOTE: These satellite measurements are not calibrated to surface thermometer data in any way, but instead use on-board redundant precision platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) carried on the satellite radiometers. The PRT’s are individually calibrated in a laboratory before being installed in the instruments.]
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NOTE: Entire UAH dataset is here, not yet updated for Jan 2010 as of this posting
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Henry Poole, first of all it is irrelevant that Co2 is a trace gas, it’s climatological effects are greatly disproportionate to it’s percentage amount of the atmosphere.
Secondly, it has increased by far more than 0.01% in the past 50 years. In 1950 Co2 was at around 270-280ppm in the atmosphere, today it is approaching 390ppm, an increase of around 40%.
Thirdly, you are asked to ignore all the other main drivers of climate because these things have been more or less static, or have at least not been significantly anomalous to the extent that they could be the cause of the observed warming. Co2 levels have not been static.
Water vapor is completely ignored because first of all, we are not pumping water vapor into the atmosphere that has been out of the system for millions of years as fossil fuels, thus it is not accumulating in the atmosphere in greater amounts, and also because water vapor actually falls back out of the sky as rain, and doesn’t stay there for hundreds and hundreds of years like Co2 does.
The argument that Co2 is not a cause for warming is absurd.
Smokey (04:13:40) :
Not opinions, or computer models, but actual evidence.
There’s no evidence as you would put it that the theory of evolution is true. We can’t run and expriment and test it as it occurs over a much longer time scale than we can observe. That doesn’t mean it wrong though.
I guess you can not argue that it is warmer at 14,000 ft above sea level. I mean, how many population centers or surface temperature stations are there at 14K.
Satellite data does not lie, only man made algorithms and adjustments can do that. And calibrated thermometers on board a satellite stay calibrated for the life of the satellite and prove what, that the temperatures being directly measured on board are accurate?
More important, what does a temperature anomaly of 0.72 deg at 14,000 ft mean to heat at the surface. Given the lower density, an equivalent heat increase at the surface equals a temperature increase of 0.36 deg.
I have to imagine that cloud variability at this altitude has to be adjusted for. How accurate are these adjustments.
The data is spliced from many different satellites over 30 years, so I guess intercalibration of the various satellites data is a possible issue.
In any event, when data does not match observation, it should be questioned.
None of this means squat anyways, the issue is not whether we are warming or cooling, but is more to do with what is causing it. Natural variation or mans CO2?.
Henry Pool (04:24:50) :
An enhanced greenhouse effect from CO2 has been confirmed by multiple lines of empirical evidence. Satellite measurements of infrared spectra over the past 40 years observe less energy escaping to space at the wavelengths associated with CO2. Surface measurements find more downward infrared radiation warming the planet’s surface. This provides a direct, empirical causal link between CO2 and global warming.
I have yet to see anything in the way of a sampling strategy for these temperature reconstructions. Specifically, a sampling strategy which ensures these signals are not aliased.
This point covers both spatial and temporal aliasing. I feel slightly more relaxed about the temporal sampling frequency, but very uncomfortable about spatial sampling and the scope for aliasing across each sample of the temperature field.
Design of a sampling regime needs to kick off with a detailed survey of the temperature field and to determine the temporal and spatial “bandwidth”. Theoretically, we can sample at a minimum of twice the bandwidth, but in practice the sampling rate needs to be about 10 times the bandwidth.
Until this quenstion is convincingly answered, my inclination is to dismiss all trends in the global temperature reconstructions as being unreliable and possibly completely misleading.
A nasty feature of aliasing is that it can produce a plausible-looking signal. And averaging does not help – there is not a lot of purpose in taking the average value of a signal which has been completely distorted by aliasing.
This is not a question of statistical sampling error. It is firmly in the realms of discrete signal processing, and is well based in mathematics.
Two short videos to help illustrate the phenomenon:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy9dJgGCWZI&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVwmtwZLG88&feature=related
MattN said: “Correct. However, if you look at global SSTs, I think you’ll see the reason January is so warm is there is a HUGE warm pool in the south Pacific, unassociated with any El Nino region, and the Atlantic seems to be warmer than normal. Add it all up, and I’d wager there might be another “warmest month ever for the oceans” articles soon….”
Is this extra warmth upwelling from the deep or a lack of convection cooling by the atmosphere?(Through cold air being parked over land)
SNRatio (03:44:44) :
John Finn: “but all 4 have warmed at virtually the same rate over the past 20 years ”
Yes, but looking the 1980-2009 trends for GISS and UAH, the UAH rate is somewhat slower. Contradicting hypotheses about the troposphere warming faster than the surface.
The UAH warmed at a lower rate than all other datasets between before 1990. That is true. Whether that’s a problem with UAH or the other datasets is not clear. You are correct that the very close agreement contradicts the troposphere amplification hypothesis for the time being .
Which simply may indicate that transport phenomena are more important than we thought – typically, UAH reacts more to strong El Nino episodes than GISS.
I accept that UAH responds more sharply (and a bit later) to ENSO hence we sometimes get ‘mismatches’ in the anomalies. With this in mind, though, I don’t know why people don’t accept that the surface may sometimes be more sensitive to certain events than the troposphere and that GISS readings may be genuine and not ‘fudged’ to show warming.
My main point is that if GISS were really fudging data to show warming they’re not doing a particularly good job.
I agree with this:-
” Harold Blue Tooth (Viking not phone) (17:07:41) :
Cam (14:34:07) :
we’re at the peak of the current El Nino event. JAMSTEC…
Would that mean there will be a precipitous drop in temps by the end of the year as happened after the peak in el Nino in 98?
”
Peak of El Nino, at the moment, so when it subsides such as after 1998 and 2007, we will see a BIG drop in global temperatures as measured by UAH due to a La Nina.
My understanding is that El Nino is the upper layers of the Pacific ocean giving out heat to the atmosphere. This heat will disssipate into space and sharp cooling after that will occur.
Don’t panic folks, EL Nino is just weather, it is PDO and solar activity that drive the climate. And the long term trend for those is down.
There are several reasons why certain ares of the planet were cooler than might be expected during this warm El Nino. Here’s a couple:
1) Blocking high pressure systems have kept cool air patterns across much of the US and Europe.
2) The addition snow cover provides it’s own cooling effect. When warm air does return to these areas, it cools, condenses into fog or low clouds and limits the daily highs from reaching levels they might reach without snow cover. While the lows remain warm most people don’t associate the lows with how warm it is.
Also keep in mind that the UAH surface readings were also high for January which calls into question the theory that the warm air was pushed upward.
Like I said before, this event is a great learning experience and some real clever scientists have a chance to learn more about our complex climate system. We shall see if this happens.
I hope someone computes a land only anomaly for last month from GISS or HadCru. If it actually does show the cooling as most people seem to think, that means there’s a real question about the historic record and whether it has any meaning relative to Earth’s total energy.
http://www.remss.com/msu/msu_data_monthly.html
RSS global: +0.64
http://www.remss.com/data/msu/monthly_time_series/RSS_Monthly_MSU_AMSU_Channel_TLT_Anomalies_Land_and_Ocean_v03_2.txt
@Frederick Michael (20:23:22) : Why shouldn’t the recovery from the Little Ice Age still be ongoing? If sunspots are the driver, there may be a huge lag.
Well, how long does it take to cool a few quadrillion gallons of water?
It’s fortunate for some areas that there is warmth & El Nino. The SW US is getting badly needed precip that prb’ly wouldn’t have occurred otherwise. California, NM, Arizona and west Texas should consider themselves lucky.
Well, reading through this thread just proves to me that no-one has the foggiest idea how this weather and temperature thingy works. All speculation and guesswork. Here in Cape Town we seem to have had a very mild summer/January. Some deciduous trees appear to be already donning autumn colours, which seems way too soon. I have needed the AC in my home office (normally a sauna at this time of the year) only once or twice. My daughter in UK has had scary cold weather, as has much of the northern hemisphere. Does anyone have any idea where exactly have sufficiently warm temperatures been recorded on the ground to offset all the cold? Seems to me this temperature measurement is just totally unrelated to what happens on the ground. Quite frankly, I trust it no more than any off the other questionable “science” that has been thrust down our throats of late.
Has the El Nino peaked?
Compare the infrared presentation of SSTs over the past month.
Here is 7 January.
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/data/sst/anomaly/2010/anomnight.1.7.2010.gif
And here is the most recent presentation, 4 Feb.
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/data/sst/anomaly/2010/anomnight.2.4.2010.gif
The El Nino would seem clearly to have waned in the sectors closest to the South American coast, with small spots of blue now appearing. The current Nino-ish anaomaly is more concentrated in the 3,4 sectors. Further south, the ‘hot spot’ mid-ocean, directly west of the coast of Chile seems to have diffused and abated somewhat. In general, there seems to be more blue appearing.
The SOI, however, has spiked radically negative.
http://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/SeasonalClimateOutlook/SouthernOscillationIndex/30DaySOIValues/
Does this represent the atmosphere’s delayed reaction to the build-up of heat in the tropical Pacific?
Joe Bastardi of AccuWeather uses such steep negative spikes in the SOI as teleconnecting, in winter, to a strong southern jet over North America. Given a negative AO and NAO, and a pool of tapable Arctic air, you have an ideal scenario for major snowstorms in the eastern U.S.
Unfortunately, for a weather weenie in the NYC area, this means the disappointment of seeing storm after storm concentrate its glory a hundred miles to your south. This is about to happened with the latest in the train. When the last flake is measured Washington, D.C. may be snowier this winter than Boston.
AnnaV: “I think that the satellites should give energy balance plots: energy in energy out, if they can. It is the only way we could see if we are heating up or cooling down really.
Well said.
Chris
Norfolk, VA, USA
Peter Miller (14:32:55) :
Does anyone know exactly where we are in the current El Nino cycle?
According to the weekly report put out by NOAA, we are at on near the peak.
See pages 27-28 of
http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/lanina/enso_evolution-status-fcsts-web.pdf
Looking at the graphs in the report is enlightening.
These make it look like the peak has passed:
Equatorial Pacific sea surface temps (pg.4)
El Nino region SST departures (pg.5)
Change in SST departures (pg.8)
Equotorial Pacific sub-surface temp departures (pg. 11)
Equatorial Pacific heat content evolution (pg. 16)
Come on you guys!
There is 70% of the ocean by area,where most of the El-Nino is from.While the 30% of the land surface has unusually favorable blocking patterns that funnel cold air farther south than usual,mostly staying on the continental areas.
I do not think Dr. Spenser’s data release for January is bad,just indicative of a strong release of energy from the ocean (it is cooling because of it).
In all this there is obviously no discernible AGW effect going on.
Calm down.
magicjava (18:43:10) : ..It’s possible the satellite readings are wrong…
Fascinating stuff. Perhaps Dr. Spencer can give you access to the source code??
Of course, the prescient observations you provide will not make it into any Associated Press release. I can see it now: “The World is Burning Up” etc ad nauseum…
Chris
Norfolk, VA, USA
We should all know better than to read too much into a single month’s global temperature data point. On a month to month basis, the data is very noisy. But smoothed out, over time, there is a clear and indisputable pattern of natural climate variation in which global temperature rates of change rise and fall on a decadal time scale. So I think it would be of interest to know where we are with respect to this decadal climate cycle. Are we in the early part of an ascending phase, so that we might expect temperatures to demonstrate a tendency to keep on rising, or are we nearing the end of one, in which case we can expect the rate of temperature increase to moderate, and then begin to decline?
I think the answer is very clear from the following graph:
http://i47.tinypic.com/woc9.jpg
This is a graph of the HadCRUT3 monthly global temperature anomaly, seasonally differenced, and then smoothed. The approximately decadal cycles are clear and indisputable (even if they vary in terms of frequency and amplitudes). The last trough occurred in September of 2006. The (approximately) decadal cycles have an average frequency of 110.8 months. For a ballpark guesstimate, figure 55 months from last trough to peak, and that moves us out to April 2011, or about 15 months from now.
So expect the current warming cycle to begin to moderate over the next year, and then start back down.
@Basil (07:01:14) : So expect the current warming cycle to begin to moderate over the next year, and then start back down.
One way to quantify that expectation:
http://tamino.wordpress.com/2008/01/31/you-bet/
“Hay Mutt, what’s everybody so concerned about?”
“Jeff, I think it has something to do with a satellite.”
“But… I don’t understand Mutt, who cares about a stupid satellite.”
“Not sure Jeff. Maybe it cost a lot of money?”
“Mutt, these folks sure like to talk and worry about nothing. Don’t they?”
“Jeff, they’re bored and have nothing better to do.”
“Mutt, why are some of them more worried than the rest?”
“That’s easy Jeff, the people who are most worried think the satellite is telling them something important. The people who aren’t worried know the thing is just telling them something.”
“Mutt?”
“Yes, Jeff”
“Want to go get something to eat at the Dinner?”
“No, Jeff. There’s a Nor’easter out there that’s going to knock the city’s socks off. Let’s have some fun and order a pizza, we’ll bet on how long it takes the kid to get here. The one off by the most pays for the pie. OK?”
“OK!”
Missingno (04:56:26) :
“…The argument that Co2 is not a cause for warming is absurd.”
Every point in your post is either wrong, or wrongly argued. I’ll just summarize it by saying that you’re trying to correlate CO2 with different causes.
As Mr. Spock would say “Fascinating”. What this really shows is that we really don’t know as much about how the climate works as we think we do. I just finished a book by Arnd Bernaerts about the warming in the Arctic between 1919 and 1939. What stood out was that during this time of warming, the southern oceans, Indian Ocean and Atlantic actually cooled. Records of the past suggest that periods of “cooling” have been associated with stormy, extreme weather in Northern America and Eurasia but I haven’t found much on the proxy records of the oceans during these climate shifts like the cooling episodes of the “Little Ice Age”. One of the benefits of the AGW hysteria has been the development of the network of monitors (land based CRU, NOAA and GISS temps currently excepted) that allow us to observe temperatures, sea levels, clouds, ice etc. Only with accurate data over a period of time and minds open to the observations can we say we understand our climate.
sunsettommy (06:44:15) :
Come on you guys!
There is 70% of the ocean by area,where most of the El-Nino is from.While the 30% of the land surface has unusually favorable blocking patterns that funnel cold air farther south than usual,mostly staying on the continental areas.
I do not think Dr. Spenser’s data release for January is bad,just indicative of a strong release of energy from the ocean (it is cooling because of it). In all this there is obviously no discernible AGW effect going on.
Calm down.
Yes, I agree that what you say is probably true. But why not state where the heat is coming from and confirm your (and my) analysis? Leaving the statement the way it stands opens the door to the propagandist.
Mike Ramsey
SteveE (05:01:31) :
“There’s no evidence as you would put it that the theory of evolution is true.”
Of course there is. I recall a paper in Science [IIRC], showing pictures of black moths whose ancestors were white to match the color of the tree trunks they spent a lot of time on. The moths turned black through natural selection because of the heavy use of coal, which turned the tree trunks very dark grey, making the white moths easy targets for predators.
I also recall experiments done with bacteria showing the effects of natural selection. And Charles Darwin took copious notes on his observations of the effects of evolution by natural selection.