North Dakota Floods Aggravated By "Global Warming"

Guest post by Steven Goddard

Global warming has predictably struck again.

White said climate change caused by global warming likely is changing ice conditions and adding to the unpredictability.

Kate White is a civil engineer at the Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N.H., and one of the nation’s leading experts on ice jams.

UPDATE: President Obama has also weighed in.
“I actually think the science around climate change is real. It is potentially devastating. … If you look at the flooding that’s going on right now in North Dakota, and you say to yourself, ‘If you see an increase of 2 degrees, what does that do, in terms of the situation there,’ that indicates the degree to which we have to take this seriously.”

From the Scientific American Blog

North Dakota's Red River Valley prepares for flooding

River ice generated by global warming in North Dakota

LA Times Photo

The Red River in Fargo, North Dakota had been expected to crest as high as 43 feet on Saturday, but instead it peaked at less than 41 feet due to freezing springtime temperatures.

The river crested in Fargo at 40.82 feet (12.44 meters) shortly after midnight yesterday, never reaching the 42-foot forecast the weather service expected, which would have put it at the top of some city dikes. The crest broke the record of 40.1 feet set in April 1897.

The river was at 40.27 feet as of 4:15 a.m. local time this morning and was forecast to recede to 38.1 feet as of 1 a.m. on April 5, according to the National Weather Service.

Freezing Temperatures

Temperatures as cold as 7 degrees Fahrenheit froze water running into the river and are responsible for turning back the flood, said David Kellenbenz, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Grand Forks, North Dakota, about 80 miles north of Fargo.

The weather service had said earlier that the Red River could crest as high as 43 feet.

In fact, temperatures in North Dakota have been running about 5-10 degrees below normal for the entire winter and spring.

http://www.hprcc.unl.edu/products/maps/acis/hprcc/nd/Last3mTDeptHPRCC-ND.png

http://www.hprcc.unl.edu/products/maps/acis/hprcc/nd/MonthTDeptHPRCC-ND.png

NOAA’s Center for Climate Prediction had incorrectly forecast a warm winter for the region last autumn.

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/archives/long_lead/gifs/2008/200810temp.gif

Using AGW logic, it all makes perfect sense.  The models forecast a warm winter.  The models were wrong, and instead it was extremely cold and snowy.  All that late melting snow caused a flood, so the flood must be blamed on the global warming predicted by the models.  AGW Commandment #1 : Reality must never take precedence over computer models.

Author’s Note : Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) is now known as “climate change” because the scientists were just kidding when they gave it the original name.

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E.M.Smith
Editor
March 31, 2009 11:12 am

FWIW, I found a map of hydrology of the Fargo / Moorhead area. It looks to me like a very “doable” project to cut a bypass from south of the towns over to the Buffalo River system (though I don’t know it’s capacity to carry more water, at least it looks rural with plenty of room to cut a wider channel if needed). The map is fairly large so if you do ‘click through’ you will likely need to scan over to the right and down to find Fargo. See:
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/03/31/fargo-bypass/
for more detail.

hotrod
March 31, 2009 11:17 am

Paul R (13:13:48) :
“And for 100 year floods to be happening twice with just over a decade between them, that’s not normal, I don’t care if you “believe” in gloal climate change or not.”

The concept of a 100 year flood is widely misunderstood. It does not mean that the floods will only occur once each 100 years it means that a flood of that severity has a 1/100 chance of occurring in any given year. As mentioned above these are random events and just like tossing double sixes with a pair of dice, you can figure out the odds of throwing double sixes in an infinite series of throws. That said if you throw a double six your odds of throwing another one on the next throw are exactly the same as they were on the first throw. Independent random events do not influence each other so you could easily have more than one 100 year flood in a single season.
The methods of flood mitigation are well known and there are lots of things communities can do to reduce their risk. The big mistake most towns make is building their flood control dikes right along the normal river channel. That gives the river no where to go as it enters flood stage. It is much better to condemn a swath of property a 1/4 mile wide or so on each side of the river and build the flood control structures set back by a 1/4 mile from the channel. You then zone the area inside this flood plain for uses that are little effected by flooding. Things like parks, golf courses, soccer fields, ball fields, City parking lots, elevated river side restaurants etc.
In some cases rather than force relocation, the property owners are offered a choice. If you relocate, we will provide a relocation incentive, but if you get flooded out, you will get no reconstruction benefits (all on your dime) and you will be on your own during the flooding period.
By providing that extra flood impoundment, you greatly slow the flood water flow rates and give it a chance to spread out and it lowers the peak crest at the exchange of a slightly longer period of flooding.
In a town north of Denver, they are built on very flat ground and during heavy thunderstorms they whole area floods. The local community has a simple solution for the problem. Instead of having to put sand bag barriers around the whole town or every structure, all the homes are surrounded by low walls with narrow access areas set up so a simple board could be slid into the gate way, and a couple sandbags is all that is necessary to prevent flooding of the homes yard.
In a known flood area, they could use landscaping to pre-place segments of a flood control structure in critical locations and during flooding their sand bag requirements would be reduced by an order of magnitude.
This has all been done in may communities, it is not rocket science, all you need is the political will and public will to work out a solution that fits the local conditions and minimizes the predictable flood losses every time it floods.
Larry

AJ
March 31, 2009 9:42 pm

Thanks for the great article and the pdf file. i would like to post about it to my blog http://abhi.com.np/blog/

matt v.
April 1, 2009 10:48 am

In my opinion, the flood threat for FARGO in the next several decades continues to be present if AMO and PDO both continue to be negative or cool. Such a pattern existed previously from 1964-1976 and may repeat for the next decade or two if past PDO AND AMO patterns repeat and they last for 20-30 years once they start.[ however, sometime they fluctuate with shorter cycles] The average flow 1965-1976 was 1740m3/sec. , six years had a flow of 1800 m3/sec and four years with 2209-2718 m3/sec. This well above the normal

E.M.Smith
Editor
April 1, 2009 11:27 am

Just a small update on the Fargo Bypass idea. from:
http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nd/nwis/uv/?site_no=05054000&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060
we get that the delta from ‘very high’ to ‘record flood’ is about 10,000 cfs.
That’s a capacity almost the same as the California Aqueduct. So a concrete ditch about 20 feet x 150 feet (or 30 x 100) would carry all the ‘flood excess’ past Fargo. What’s that, 20 miles? Almost trivial in size compared to the California aqueduct. That’s the ‘cost of mitigation’…
For the inevitable complaint about the downstream effects:
ALL that water is going downstream anyway. Unlike a levee (that makes it worse) a bypass adds capacity, slows velocity, lowers the peak (downstream too!) and restores some of the natural ‘spreading out’ behaviour (it just does it in a controlled place and time). So it makes it better downstream, not worse.
I do like the idea of using a tunnel boring machine to put the whole thing underground, but it adds a lot of cost…

matt v.
April 1, 2009 1:39 pm

EM SMITH
The web page you referenced shows maximum flows of 19800 cfm, which translates to about 560m3/s.[1m3/s=35.3146 cf/s ]This is much lower than the 3000-6000m3/s peak flows we talked about earlier at Winnipeg. The difference must be the flow at FARGO and the flow at Winnipeg . The latter receiving the flow from a much larger drain basin? Is this your understanding?

matt v.
April 1, 2009 1:43 pm

I meant to say maximum flow of 30,000 which is 850m3/sec at FARGO

AnonyMoose
April 4, 2009 6:22 pm

Greg Gladen’s Blog has an interesting, long, post about this at “The Ice Ages Matter (Even Today)”

Joel Wallach
April 11, 2009 5:53 pm

E.M.Smith (11:27:47) :
Just a small update on the Fargo Bypass idea. from:
http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nd/nwis/uv/?site_no=05054000&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060
we get that the delta from ‘very high’ to ‘record flood’ is about 10,000 cfs.
That’s a capacity almost the same as the California Aqueduct. So a concrete ditch about 20 feet x 150 feet (or 30 x 100) would carry all the ‘flood excess’ past Fargo. What’s that, 20 miles? Almost trivial in size compared to the California aqueduct. That’s the ‘cost of mitigation’…
For the inevitable complaint about the downstream effects:
ALL that water is going downstream anyway. Unlike a levee (that makes it worse) a bypass adds capacity, slows velocity, lowers the peak (downstream too!) and restores some of the natural ’spreading out’ behaviour (it just does it in a controlled place and time). So it makes it better downstream, not worse.
I do like the idea of using a tunnel boring machine to put the whole thing underground, but it adds a lot of cost…
Great Ideas,
Lets build a toolkit for deealing with the following;
Flooding adjacent to rivers:
If flood stage is low enough AND there is enough land available, low lndscaped berms could be built around the structures… with a removable floodgate allowing access.
If flood stage is higher than berms can handle, stuctures could be raised to above expected flood levels – except that accessibility for function and ADA would present another issue.
If flood stage is higher than berms can handle and we desire to actually use the structures after modification – we have two choices – move the strctures out of the way of the water OR move the water out of the way of the structures.
I see great benefits to moving the water and letting it silt out its minerals to form more growing land, and eventually provide drinking water.
I certainly hope farmers are replacing all of the 70 some odd minerals in the soil, unfortunately I do not think that they are, why not let mother nature take care o the issue for us.
Obviously, attempting to use ‘historical’ flood data without considering physical changes over time is just as ridiculous as neglecting heat islands in temperature measurements.
We could build a few more great ditches to siphon off EXCESS water in wet years, but we need to be very careful so that we allow all downstream human, animal and vegetable life to continue normally.
I agree that the entire ‘Climate Change’ phenom is little more than a massive distraction from REAL issues that require REAL TALENT to solve… the talent needs to come back in from the Mann-Hansen-Obama-Gore-UNIPCC Lunacy and get back on a real discussion based on science –
Back to designing buildings.

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