Guest Opinion: Dr. Tim Ball
“You can have brilliant ideas, but if you can’t get them across, your ideas won’t get you anywhere.” Lee Iacocca
In his essay, “Reflections on Mark Steyn’s ‘A Disgrace to the Profession’ about Dr. Michael Mann” Rick Wallace wrote,
Tim Ball, Fred Singer and others have been countering the AGW meme for a few decades, but to little avail.
He is correct. Yes, there is a slight increase in the number of skeptics as evidenced by the increased readership at WUWT, but it is a fraction of even total Internet users. Even those who read and comment on WUWT articles on the site often say they are not scientists or don’t fully understand the topic. Others demonstrate their lack of knowledge and understanding without the caveats.
Wallace continues,
But why is this? Why haven’t their voices carried? And, conversely, why was The Team so successful in getting their message out? Was it because, possibly for quite other reasons, there was already a receptive audience at hand? That there was an existing matrix of attitudes and beliefs to which the AGW belief system could adhere? And this matrix served to amplify some messages while it filtered out other, conflicting messages.
In a preface to the essay, Anthony Watts wrote,
“Given what happened today in live testimony before the House Science Committee where Dr. Mann was testifying, this review seems germane and timely.”
We can add to the timeliness the recent Washington D.C Heartland Climate Conference held (March 23-24, 2017). The conference was held with the opt
imism created by the election of President Trump and appointment of Scott Pruitt as head of EPA. By some accounts, it was a successful conference that spoke primarily to the science issues and some of the economic ramifications. In doing so, it overlooked, as skeptics have consistently, Iacocca’s challenge. These events will have little impact on effectively slowing the anthropogenic global warming (AGW) juggernaut. It will join the list of events, which I and others expected would crash the vehicle. Just a few key examples
· The 1988 claim by James Hansen before Senator Timothy Wirth’s orchestrated piece of theatre that he was 99 percent certain that humans were causing global warming.
· The 1997 Byrd-Hagel Resolution asked US Senators whether they wanted to vote to ratify Kyoto Protocol. They voted 95-0 not to vote on ratification.
· The 2009 Heartland Institute Climate Conference was presenting skeptical views on a world stage.
· The 2009 leak of 1000 emails from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU). These emails were clearly carefully selected to provide evidence of wrongdoing that the public would likely understand. It didn’t help.
· The 2010 release of 6000 more CRU emails further documented the malfeasance, which Mosher and Fuller summarized in their book Climategate: The Crutape Letters;
“The Team, led by Phil Jones and Michael Mann, in attempts to shape the debate and influence public policy:
Actively worked to evade (Steve) Mcintyre’s Freedom of information requests, deleting emails, documents and even climate data
Tried to corrupt the peer-review principles that are the mainstay of modern science, reviewing each other’s’ work, sabotaging efforts of opponents trying to publish their own work, and threatening editors of journals who didn’t bow to their demands
Changed the shape of their own data in materials shown to politicians charged with changing the shape of our world, ‘hiding the decline’ that showed their data could not be trusted.”
The juggernaut survived these charges that would have shut down completely any other program. The CRU and the IPCC are still operating. This was the same Michael Mann who appeared before a US Congressional House Committee on Science and Technology Hearing titled “Climate Science: Assumptions, Policy Implications, and the Scientific Method along with Judith Curry, John Christy and Roger Pielke Jr. The event received praise from skeptics and people who know and understand what has been going on. They focused on Mann’s character, manner, methods. Julie Kelly wrote a National Review article titled “Michael Mann Embarrasses Himself before Congress” that summarizes most of the skeptic’s perspective. She observes,
‘If the climate-change evangelist can’t be bothered to take a House hearing seriously, why should anyone take him seriously?”
This is incorrect. Mann took it very seriously, was well prepared and exploited it for every political opportunity – he dominated the entire proceedings. He had the advantage of not caring or having to care about the truth. His performance was designed for most of the public who have no idea about what is true. He knows this works because that assumption has driven the juggernaut from the start.
Mann also understood the political and manipulative nature of Congressional hearings. They are charades supposedly seeking the truth, but are really designed to make the politicians look good. They use the opportunity to put material on the official record that supposedly supports their position in the form of appeal to higher and wider or popular authority. Often, the politician simply read their staff-written position paper and don’t even bother with the expert.
My challenge to skeptics is to view the hearing as an uninformed citizen. From that perspective, I would argue that Mann was the most effective and persuasive. He was assertive, apparently provided hard evidence, had the backing of most scientists and scientific societies. He turned the minority status role the organizers gave him into the base for his victimization role. It wasn’t a debate, but he turned it into one and clearly believed, as would most uninformed observers, that he won.
He also believes he won because he marginalized his three opponents by calling them deniers in the pay of corporate entities. They believed they deflected this challenge with the help of the Chair, but that added to his victimization because it placed the Chair against him. The deniers said he was wrong, but because of time constraint offered no alternate explanations. They said the computer models were wrong but didn’t explain how or why. Their answers were properly vague because there are few definitive answers, but that contrasted with Mann’s confident assertiveness. Their vague answers underscored that they were a fringe group, thus justifying their denier label. They said Mann’s claim of increasing severe weather was incorrect but offered no graphs to prove it. They clearly had personal animosity to Mann but denied it when challenged. They provided no motive or even an explanation for why all these thousands of scientists would present false material and information and offered no explanation for their inferred claim that Mann was cheating.
Mann presented his latest research relating changes in the changes in the Jet Stream with severe weather. Nobody at the hearing pointed out that his claims were scientifically incorrect and the result of false computer model simulations. It is evident that Mann and his fellow authors did little historical research on the vast amount of data and literature beginning with the discovery of the Jet Stream during WWII and the work of Carl-Gustaf Rossby. The format of the hearings prevented any cross examination of Mann’s material, so it again made him more authoritative that the “deniers.” Overall, by trying to control the hearings and achieve their result the organizers played right into the hands of a person determined to disrupt the proceedings.
A major reason it appeared to the uninformed observer that Mann ‘won’ was the inability of the “deniers” to provide definitive answers. They are correct but think of the contradiction this creates for the uninformed. This small group of deniers is saying we don’t know the answers, but Mann is wrong.
The sad part is most skeptics would not have done any better. I watched another group of skeptics make a similar disastrous, unable to see the forest for the trees performance, before the Canadian parliament. They were asked questions that none of them could answer all the questions. The answers they gave were scientific jargon that few in the room understood. Worse, their answers indicated bad science by the AGW proponents. If so, was it bad because of incompetence or deliberate malfeasance? Either way, it raises several questions that if left unanswered or unexplained only give Mann credibility. If the science was wrong why and how did it pass peer review and go unchallenged? If it was deliberate malfeasance, how could so few people fool the entire world? Either way, if you make or infer the charge, you must provide an explanation and a motive. I did not hear that in the Ottawa or Washington hearings.
I did not attend the Washington Conference, partly for lack of funding, but primarily because I saw nothing to slow the political juggernaut that is global warming. I offered to make a presentation bringing everybody up to date with my legal situation, but also providing the political context for the lawsuits. Why did three prominent IPCC members, Gordon McBean, Andrew Weaver, and Michael Mann, bring, what amount to SLAPP lawsuits against me. I think there are two fundamental reasons. They could not say I wasn’t qualified, although they tried. I also had an ability to explain the complexities of climate and climate change in a way most could understand. I honed these skills by
- Instructing basic weather knowledge and forecast skills as an operations officer in Atlantic Canada and sub-Arctic and Arctic Canada.
- Teaching a first-year university climatology course for 25 years.
- Teaching a required Science credit university course for Arts students for 25 years.
- Teaching a non-credit university course for Seniors titled “The Way the Earth Works” for 25 years.
- Giving hundreds of public presentations to professional groups in primary industry like farmers, foresters and fishermen whose economies are directly impacted by weather and climate over 40 years.
- Writing a monthly column, Weather Talk” for Canada’s largest circulation farm magazine Country Guide. I was fired after 17 years because of action by a single Board member.
- Writing a monthly column for The Landowner for the last seven years.
- Giving hundreds of open forum public presentations over 40 years.
- Publishing a first-year university textbook on climatology.
A good example of the latter is important because it illustrates the challenge and explains why groups have been so ineffective, as Wallace identifies, in “countering the AGW meme.” Recently, I gave a public presentation in Mount Vernon in Washington State. The organizer warned me that people were in attendance who planned to disrupt the proceedings. There was no disruption, and when I asked what happened, the organizer told me that they left with one person commenting, we have never heard any of this before.
The solution to breaking the AGW meme is not in the science, good or bad because the public doesn’t know the difference. It is in showing how the science was created to achieve a predetermined result, namely the demonization of CO2. Then you must provide a motive. Why would scientists pervert science as David Deming identified in his letter to Science and congressional testimony?
“With the publication of the article in Science [in 1995], I gained significant credibility in the community of scientists working on climate change. They thought I was one of them, someone who would pervert science in the service of social and political causes. So, one of them let his guard down. A major person working in the area of climate change and global warming sent me an astonishing email that said, we have to get rid of the Medieval Warm Period. “
I made this challenge to explain climate in a way the public can understand the main theme of my presentation at the First Heartland Climate Conference in New York in 2009. I know from many discussions during the conference that few understood. Those that did were already in the education and communication business; people like Marita Noon who is now working for the Heartland Institute. A major point in my presentation was to accept that whether you like it or not Al Gore’s movie was a remarkably effective piece of propaganda. His latest effort is not even that, but most of the public won’t know. It is ineffective because Gore’s motives and hypocrisy have been exposed, not because public understanding of the science has improved.
Wallace’s charge that Tim Ball, Fred Singer, and others have challenged the AGW meme to no avail is correct. This, despite all the scientific evidence presented over the years up to and including Heartland’s 12th Conference and the recent Congressional Hearing. Little or nothing has changed. What is the solution?
Trump won in the minds of working and middle-class people, which is where the climate war must be won for lasting victory. They only need to understand enough science to know how it was corrupted, but they must know the motive. Until that happens, all the AGW proponents need to say is that Trump is acting to line the pockets of his billionaire friends. Mann demonstrated the technique in his congressional presentation.
benben commented: “…A friendly comment from an actual environmental scientist…”
Sounds like you are full of yourself BenBen. Become an expert to have an opinion? BS. 100% of the forecasts/predictions/estimates/incantations from the alarmists have been wrong. “You don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.”
haha, hey I responded to an article lamenting the fact that climate change skeptics are failing to convince people that they’re right. And your response is a perfect example of why: skeptics not being able to have a conversation that involves two way communication. Enjoy your stay at the fringe I guess?
So tell Mr. “Two Way Communications” a single prediction by the alarmist crowd that has been realized and is directly related to the burning of fossil fuels? 99%+ of the people affected by policies enacted to mitigate global warming will never have (and don’t care about) the science but they do understand the failures of the science quite well and that’s all that concerns them. Just name one.
behold, a tome of knowledge that knows no equal!
https://www.amazon.com/Atmospheric-Chemistry-Physics-Pollution-Climate/dp/1118947401
I know you’re not going to actually read it. It’s quite sad really. I’m just trying to make the point that in order to win a war you need to know your enemy. Reading the introductory textbook is a good start. Have fun!
Just as I thought. You don’t have one example so you deflect. Aren’t you embarrassed that you can’t come up with a single prediction by the warmist crowd that has come true since they first started making them 40 years ago? Every single one has failed so the answer was to move the predictions so far into the future that there would be no day of reckoning. Can’t come up with one can you? This is why we don’t all need to be experts and all we need to know is when someone is blowing smoke. The warmists are like the guy with the sandwich board on the corner saying the world is going to end.
fine fine. Based on the physics of our atmosphere, you would expect the effects of climate change to be uneven: faster warming around the poles and slower warming around the equator. And obviously there is evidence for this:
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-38417198
While at the same time among others this wonderful website has pointed out that the warming around the tropics is less severe than expected based on global average warming rates.
A tome of knowledge that knows no equal? WOW. Is that on the back cover?
Let’s assume that you HAVE read it and actually own a copy of it. I ask you to highlight ANY point in the book referencing scientific processes in atmospheric chemistry or physics that you believe that everyone here disagrees with. I mean, surely you know YOUR enemy right? Give it a go. Let’s talk science!
Aphan, that tome thing was a joke.
The question in this post is why are skeptics so bad at communicating their concerns, rather than what are their concerns. So another little skirmish far down in the comments section has no relevance. What I’m trying to say is that IF you want to actually communicate with scientists you should put in the barest little bit of effort and read the basic textbook, so that at least everyone starts from the same basic physics. It seems that nobody here is actually interested in doing so. Which is absolutely fine, I’m not here to tell you what to do. Just: if you want to reach my colleagues, here is what I suggest you do.
But, sure, if you want to discuss, I’d say y’all should take a good look at chapters 7, 12, and 21 – 26. It should be available in any university library.
benben, why don’t you debate a specific point of atmospheric chemistry and physics that you’re certain the skeptics have wrong, as already suggested? Although most of us are already familiar with what M.W.Plia said, we could use some education by the new assistant professor, who surely has more knowledge and experience than most everyone here. Please, proceed. You’ll no doubt say many things that few here have heard before, and you can thusly– using the tome of knowledge that knows no equal– lead us to the light. I do hope you’ll follow through, and not just throw out insults and proclamations and then leave us hanging.
Look, it’s not that outlandish to refer to a textbook for a basic understanding of physics and chemistry. If you don’t want to do that, fine, just don’t complain that the scientists are ignoring you, as mr. Ball does in the above. If you are interested, then by all means, read the chapters I mentioned above and we can talk further.
Cheers,
Ben
also, please don’t say that I throw insults at the people here. There are no insults in the above comment thread by anyone, except perhaps your attempt at mockery .
I was only asking you to take an example and show how misguided we are. You said we were wrong, and I apologize if I assumed that you can demonstrate this. Take water vapor feedback, for example. Or explain how it doesn’t matter that mid-tropospheric temps don’t match model predictions, using basic atmospheric physics and chemistry that you assert no one understands.
Or are you going to imply again that we’re too dumb to understand?
reactions like these always make a laugh a bit. Atmospheric chemistry just isn’t something you can debate about in the comments section with a completely random person. You’d need a basic common understanding on the (not necessarily climate change related) fundamentals before you go to the juicy debatable bits. It’s just painfully obvious many people here haven’t done that. Neither have you Don132. Again, it doesn’t matter to me. I don’t want to debate anyone. My point was: if the skeptics ever want to convince scientists, they’ll just need to do the work. It’s like writing an introduction section in a paper. Nobody likes to do it but you’re not taken serious if you don’t.
Have a good day!
Why are you guys feeding this troll? He doesn’t actually have any knowledge about the topic, or he’d have demonstrated it by now. All he has are veiled insults about the average commenter’s level of intellect… when they’re veiled at all.
To be fair, the more times he comments, the closer his statements regarding said average come to being true…
*sigh* only on WUWT would a friendly suggestion to read a scientific textbook on the topic under discussion be considered trolling. Note that I said I would happily discuss the contents of several of the chapters, but the response to that was… crickets. So what do you want me to do? Copy paste the contents of the book? Spend 5 hours writing everything just so I pass your test of competency? If you denounce anyone who doesn’t share your opinion as a troll, no wonder nobody takes you serious (which was the topic of the article posted above I point out)
No one asked for an entire textbook; we asked for ONE POINT supporting your view — you’ve provided none.
Instead, you’ve insulted everyone here by saying none of us has ever read such a textbook — an assertion self-evidently false if you’ve actually read through any other WUWT comment sections, let alone the articles themselves. In fact most of us on here are actually scientific &/or technical experts in our own particular fields (some of them, gasp, actually having to do with climate & related fields of study, shocking I know) so your assertion that we “read a textbook” is doubly insulting.
“If you denounce anyone who doesn’t share your opinion as a troll, no wonder nobody takes you serious.”
Here’s the pot calling the kettle black, for sure: if you, Sir, denounce everyone you’re talking to as an idiot & offer no scientific evidence to support your view, why should we listen to you?
Ah, you see, you hit the nail on the head there. You seem to be under the impression that because you read any engineering textbook you don’t have to read this particular one. That is like me saying that because I know my atmospheric physics, I can now design an airplane. Sure, the very basic physics are the same, but I still won’t have a clue what I’m talking about. So let me amend my statement: if you want to debate a atmospheric scientist, do the very basic work of reading an atmospheric physics textbook. If you want to debate a metallurgist, do the basics of reading an introductory metallurgy textbook, etc. etc.
So dear , smokey, do you want to come out here and now and state publicly that you have already read seinfeld & pandis?
Pointing out that you have not read the classic climate related textbook is just pointing out a fact, not an insult. Once again, I don’t care if you don’t want to read it. Just don’t expect scientists to listen to you if you don’t. And I can’t help but make the connection that many on the american right seem to find facts offensive in general and prefer their alternative facts 😉
Darling benben, you don’t get to go back after the fact to clarify your condescension as though you never intended it; you write far too well for it to have been anything else. In fact, the only reason I began conversing was to attempt to goad you (a much better ‘speaker’ than the average troll-op) into revealing whether you actually did have anything of scientific or intellectual value to add to the conversation. Sadly, that has yet to occur.
To be frank, your textbook is just a red herring — no one needs it to understand the difference between (e.g.) diabatic & adiabatic lapse rates, nor insulation vs insolation, nor LWIR vs IR, nor black-body vs gray-body radiation, nor Raleigh waves vs Kelvin waves, et cetera, ad nauseam. Any reasonably talented computer programmer can look at the code used in the climate models and see that they barely reflect reality, let alone have any hope of prediction/projecting it (no, your textbook isn’t needed to explain the difference between those words either). Furthermore, any history student can read in the New York Times alone — to say nothing of the scientific literature — at least half a dozen times in the last 150 years where “scientists warn” that the recent climate change is alarming, unprecedented, & likely due to mankind’s activity, regardless of whether the change was toward hot or cold. The observations of those days bear out that we are in no way in any sort of “unprecedented” period (other than global quality of life, which is better than it’s ever been), any high school student can see that the outputs of those models clearly do not match observed reality, & to conclude the pronouncements of doom to date regarding the consequences of a warming climate are even less in line with observation than the models, so I’m not sure even a high school student of average ability is needed there.
Thus, your continued insistence we all must read some textbook (preferably yours) before we can even hope to understand someone on your level is purely another dose of the poisoned pen which has permeated your posts from the beginning of this little conversation, nothing more.
Perhaps I shouldn’t have mentioned that there are climate experts on this board, some of whom even sympathize with you? Is it possible that I’ve caused you to worry that whatever “science” you do present will be shot down by experts in your own field? Or have I assumed too much and you aren’t actually an expert in a field relating in any way to climate? You haven’t actually said, directly, so I suppose it’s possible your assistant professorship is in English Literature, e.g.? Not that there’s anything wrong with that; some of my best friends are fine arts majors, nor do I believe an English major can’t understand the basics of climate science — the question at hand is whether YOU do.
I’m truly sorry, little one, but without proof your claim of expertise, special knowledge & appeals to authority are not accepted as intellectual currency. Instead, your continued refusal to engage in even the most basic of scientific exchange while simultaneously demeaning en masse & at every opportunity the readers of this board does nothing but uphold my earlier pronouncement. To put it simply, if one sounds like a troll & acts like a troll, one is likely to be a troll in fact, & you, adorable benben, show all the pertinent symptoms.
So until you begin speaking science, I feel no pressing need to continue… which is truly a shame, as I’d so looked forward to an eloquently written pro-CAGW opinion on this board. Good day, Sir.
I think I love you Smokey. 🙂
A good writer! Thank you for that compliment. You are unfortunately a moderate reader 😉 My first message in this comment thread clearly states I’m an environmental scientist. Majored in chemical engineering, if that helps. Furthermore, writing things like darling benben, little one and adorable benben… well, let’s just say that it doesn’t help your claim that somehow I am the one being offensive here.
You might think that you don’t need to know the finer points of thermodynamics to understand climate models. I think you do, and people that claim they don’t are just afraid to admit they can’t follow the math. And with me every other climate/environmental/etc. scientist. As dr. Ball pointed out in the above article, it’s not your fellow WUWT readers you have to convince. Rather it’s scientists like me. So… play ball or don’t play at all. It’s all the same to me!
Cheers,
Benben
Speaking of being a “moderate reader”…you really should not chastise others for something that you obviously have not mastered yourself.
You state: “As dr. Ball pointed out in the above article, it’s not your fellow WUWT readers you have to convince. Rather it’s scientists like me.”
But ironically, nowhere in the above article does Dr. Ball say anything at all about convincing “scientists like you”. He doesn’t say anything about convincing scientists at all. Even a US High School student can tell you how to write, and therefor read, a proper essay:
Creating an Outline for an Essay
I. Introduction. Sentence to get the attention of your readers: One-sentence thesis statement:
II. Body. First main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the first idea: b. Supporting evidence for the first idea: …
III. Conclusion. Restatement of your thesis: Insightful sentence to end your essay.
Dr Ball’s conclusion is:(bold mine)
“Trump won in the minds of working and middle-class people, which is where the climate war must be won for lasting victory. They only need to understand enough science to know how it was corrupted, but they must know the motive. Until that happens, all the AGW proponents need to say is that Trump is acting to line the pockets of his billionaire friends. Mann demonstrated the technique in his congressional presentation.”
How exactly does someone who “majored” in “Chemical Engineering” become an assistant professor of public management ? Does that qualify as a “scientist” in the Netherlands?
Ben, I read some pages from your recommended book online. In the chapter on climate the authors give a brief, simplified explanation of “the scare” where the water vapor feedback/amplification “triggered” by AGW will cause unprecedented warming, possibly melting enough ice to flood the coasts. IMHO this is fear mongering, and I don’t understand the reasoning behind such an extraordinary claim, there is no evidence, and if there is I welcome your explanation.
The problem with the CO2 control knob hypothesis is clouds, they really are the elephant in the room. As I said upthread, more water vapor from the supposed increased evaporation (itself a profound cooling effect) means more daylight clouds in the lower atmosphere which reflect incoming solar while shading the surface, thus a significant cooling effect to counter the AGW effect along with the nightly warming effect of the low-level clouds.
The burden of proof remains with the warm side. The following is from an article about Steve McIntryre, who runs the blog “Climate Audit”:
A man who has become the arch-enemy of climate scientists for exposing serious flaws in a United Nations study on global warming believes the issue has been greatly overstated. Vilified by global warming zealots, Canadian Steve McIntyre, who was passing through Auckland this week, told NBR ONLINE the impact of global warming is likely to be “about half” of what current scientific models are showing.
Mr. McIntyre, who is a mathematician and former mining company executive, says:
“The onus is on the people arguing it’s a big problem to really show in an engineering quality report why it’s a big problem. There’s too much arm waving in the reports and in all the years I’ve been doing this you get scientific models which have inherent assumptions in them. The observations indicate to me that the models are probably running hot, that the impact is about half of what they are showing. I do view that as a black mark against the models.”
Asked how much damage has been caused to the environment so far from global warming, he said:
“That’s a good question and is the acid test between the broad group of sceptics who are not very hardline and activists. Activists will tend to say that carbon dioxide emissions in the last 50 years have caused serious negative impacts. But from my point of view I would say I don’t know what they are and certainly on balance there’s been no serious impact. I view that more as a matter of good luck than good management because we have certainly been increasing carbon dioxide levels without thinking about it. But, nonetheless, societies are clearly wealthier and are more active now than they were 50 years ago, so one way or another the impact has not been as much as all that or we’ve coped with it rather well.”
Regards, M.W. Plia.
References Plia, in this case include exact pages read and page on which you found the offending paragraphs.
From:
https://books.google.ca/books/about/Atmospheric_Chemistry_and_Physics.html?id=YH2K9eWsZOcC&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=falsegoogle books.ca
In “Chapter 1: The Atmosphere”, sub section “1.2 Climate”, first or second page.
Apologies Ben, that’s the best I can do, books.google does not allow cut and paste and there are no page #s. In my own words I’ve described what is said. I think you should trust me. If you have a copy you should have no trouble finding the “offending paragraphs”.
Apologies for the interruption Aphan, I did not mean to intrude. When I posted your reply wasn’t there.
No apology necessary M.W. Plia.
I’ve no desire to engage with benben more than I have. His behavior in this thread is typical and does nothing more than annoy. He may have “majored” in chemical engineering or not, but he doesn’t actually speak any demonstrable “science” on his own. He’s also not an assistant professor in any of the physical/atmospheric/environmental sciences (obviously) so why he called himself an “actual environmental scientist” is beyond me. I believe he’s a social scientist, and so he thinks he has the expertise to lead and advise people.
Dear Plia, I don’t know whether to laugh or cry, but you are aware that you just read the introductory paragraphs to the introductory chapter, right? What you are looking for is chapter 7 and 12 and then 21-25. You see the problem here? All the engineering quality info is in the book. But then, sadly, even when opening the book you’re refusing to go to the index and look up the correct chapter. How bizarre is that? I’ll copy below the index of chapter 7 so you have an idea.
I strongly believe that all information should be available to everyone so if you can’t afford the textbook, leave your e-mail address here and I’ll lend you a pdf copy of my copy of the textbook. Or alternatively, ask one of the moderators to give you my e-mail address. I don’t feel comfortable putting my info here on this board, because of all the crazies (you’re obviously not included Plia)
Chapter 7: Chemistry of the Atmospheric Aqueous Phase
7.1 Liquid Water in the Atmosphere 284
7.2 Absorption Equilibria and Henry’s Law 286
7.3 Aqueous-Phase Chemical Equilibria 291
7.3.1 Water 291 7.3.2 Carbon Dioxide-Water Equilibrium 292 7.3.3 Sulfur Dioxide-Water Equilibrium 294 7.3.4 Ammonia-Water Equilibrium 299 7.3.5 Nitric Acid-Water Equilibrium 299 7.3.6 Equilibria of Other Important Atmospheric Gases 302
7.4 Aqueous-Phase Reaction Rates 306
7.5 S(IV)-S(VI) Transformation and Sulfur Chemistry 308 7.5.1 Oxidation of S(IV) by Dissolved O3 308 7.5.2 Oxidation of S(IV) by Hydrogen Peroxide 311 7.5.3 Oxidation of S(IV) by Organic Peroxides 312 7.5.4 Uncatalyzed Oxidation of S(IV) by O2 313
7.5.5 Oxidation of S(IV) by O2 Catalyzed by Iron and Manganese 314 7.5.6 Comparison of Aqueous-Phase S(IV) Oxidation Paths 316
7.6 Dynamic Behavior of Solutions with Aqueous-Phase Chemical Reactions 318 7.6.1 Closed System 319 7.6.2 Calculation of Concentration Changes in a Droplet with Aqueous-Phase Reactions 321
Appendix 7.1 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data 325
Appendix 7.2 Additional Aqueous-Phase Sulfur Chemistry 328 7.A.1 S(IV) Oxidation by the OH Radical 328 7.A.2 Oxidation of S(IV) by Oxides of Nitrogen 334 7.A.3 Reaction of Dissolved SO2 with HCHO 334 Appendix 7.3 Aqueous-Phase Nitrite and Nitrate Chemistry 336 7.A.4 NOx Oxidation 336 7.A.5 Nitrogen Radicals 337
Appendix 7.4 Aqueous-Phase Organic Chemistry 338 Appendix 7.5 Oxygen and Hydrogen Chemistry 339
Should the statement, “They only need to understand enough science to know how it was corrupted, but they must know the motive.” instead read as “They NOT only need to understand enough science to know how it was corrupted, but they must know the motive.”?
Your revision sounds reasonable.
Here’s my suggestion for the motive. It may hit close to many on this site who are clearly so well educated. I recently graduated university with a BS and I noticed a distinct elitism among my instructors, all of whom held PhD’s and were conducting research. These are very smart people. They have worked very hard to master their disciplines and are rightly praised for their accomplishments. They have also spent immense amounts of time on university campuses where a break from their endeavors was very likely to include attending some left wing themed talk or event. These very smart people then look around them and who do they see sitting as mayors, city council people, school board members, even their own school administration? They see people with degrees in business, education, facilitation (whatever that is) or no degree at all, just a person good at getting into such positions. The story is the same for state and federal government law makers (look at the current US president). These far “less qualified” people are making decisions of great import about societal matters and not listening to the “smart” people. Climate alarmism is the vehicle that allows/forces the policy people to listen to their academic “betters”. It is a base, corrupt but nonetheless powerful motive common to humans condemned as jealousy by moral and religious thinkers. The president was elected in part because of his willingness to call out such elites on their unworthy selfishness. He could be very effective at countering the prevailing climate change push if he would turn that criticism toward the alarmists.
The AGW hysteria may be regarded as a revolt of the “elite” because the sole rationality of switching to solar and wind energy is cutting of the power from the lower- and middel classes which makes them servants or worse. But then: who are these elites. Not only the PhD ‘s in science , also the bankers. Anyhow, the cries for less (consumption) and austerity will not hurt the rich.
Unfortunately the only way to win is to keep up a robust defense to prevent permanent regulations to combat CO2 pollution from being enacted so as to allow enough time for everyone to see that CO2 is not the bogeyman some claim it is. Eventually people will see that temperatures have either been stable, rose insignificantly, or even cooled. What we really need is a long cold spell (low solar activity, volcanic activity induced) to put a chill on the global warming alarm. In the rules of military warfare it requires three times the forces to attack as compared to those who defend.. A robust defensive action must be rigorously maintained.
Kreuz KruziTürken, was wird das nun wieder.
https://www.google.at/search?client=ms-android-samsung&ei=KSrmWJDmGIjvaqX3nuAK&q=Kuruzzi+T%C3%BCrky&oq=Kuruzzi+T%C3%BCrky&gs_l=mobile-gws-serp.
welcome home.
http://www.searchtruth.com/tv.php
you really got me.
https://youtu.be/FLCxFzED89w
https://youtu.be/KlSMaewtq-0
The publication of a couple of forthcoming skeptical peer-reviewed papers will pack some persuasive punch:
1. Monckton’s exposé of two computational errors in the IPCC’s / consensus’s narrative.
2. Watts “2012” (on the far-too-high temperature record of USHCN).
Even though warmists will attempt to minimize the significance of these, the consensus will look biased and/or incompetent not to have corrected these matters themselves for decades.
Scientists need to keep plugging away but the AGW movement is really a political one rooted in hard-left (Marxist) and soft-left (guilt-based) hostility towards Western prosperity, which was at its relative peak when the movement took off. To a large extent you have to NOT be a scientist to understand what is really going on, because many of the fundamental issues involved in the cultural disaster that is climate alarmism (hostility to the West, hostility to capitalism, the corruption of science, group-think, low media standards, intolerance of alternative points of view based on the Marxist freedom of speech suppression technique of political correctness) would be the same and just a problematic even if the climate alarmists were right about the science.
Green fundamentalism as a whole will probably fade away when the average white person is poorer than the average Asian, which will happen this century if the quality of government in Western countries doesn’t improve, especially if it is obvious by that time that the global population is levelling off.
I regard climate alarmism as a revolt of the “elites”
Human behaviour is basically controlled by fear, it was the church that controlled this fear by putting the future “in God’s hands” . God being transmutated into nature projects fears on natural phenomena such as the climate. Another fear is resoure shortage which is the lack of trust in human ingenuity.
Consider: windmills and solar panels never are able to generate enough energy for all so their application serves the purpose of creating a new class of servants. Consider: the rejection of nuclear power which may produce abundant energy, so freedom, for all. Consider: the appeals for austarity which will not hurt the rich, of course. Everybody wants to be part of this new elite which is the reason that higher educated people endorse climate alarmism unconditionally.
Rules for Climate Radicals; “Accuse the Other Side of That Which You Are Guilty”
https://co2islife.wordpress.com/2017/04/09/rules-for-climate-radicals-accuse-the-other-side-of-that-which-you-are-guilty/