Towards a theory of climate

By Christopher Monckton of Brenchley

I have just had the honor of listening to Professor Murry Salby giving a lecture on climate. He had addressed the Numptorium in Holyrood earlier in the day, to the bafflement of the fourteenth-raters who populate Edinburgh’s daft wee parliament. In the evening, among friends, he gave one of the most outstanding talks I have heard.

Professor Salby has also addressed the Parliament of Eunuchs in Westminster. Unfortunately he did not get the opportunity to talk to our real masters, the unelected Kommissars of the European tyranny-by-clerk.

The Faceless Ones whose trembling, liver-spotted hands guide the European hulk of state unerringly towards the bottom were among the first and most naively enthusiastic true-believers in the New Superstition that is global warming. They could have benefited from a scientific education from the Professor.

His lecture, a simplified version of his earlier talk in Hamburg that was the real reason why spiteful profiteers of doom at Macquarie “University” maliciously canceled his non-refundable ticket home so that he could not attend the kangaroo court that dismissed him, was a first-class exercise in logical deduction.

He had written every word of it, elegantly. He delivered it at a measured pace so that everyone could follow. He unfolded his central case step by step, verifying each step by showing how his theoretical conclusions matched the real-world evidence.

In a normal world with mainstream news media devoted to looking at all subjects from every direction (as Confucius used to put it), Murry Salby’s explosive conclusion that temperature change drives CO2 concentration change and not the other way about would have made headlines. As it is, scarce a word has been published anywhere.

You may well ask what I might have asked: given that the RSS satellite data now show a zero global warming trend for 17 full years, and yet CO2 concentration has been rising almost in a straight line throughout, is it any more justifiable to say that temperature change causes CO2 change than it is to say that CO2 change causes temperature change?

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The Professor headed that one off at the pass. During his talk he said it was not global temperature simpliciter but the time-integral of global temperature that determined CO2 concentration change, and did so to a correlation coefficient of around 0.9.

I had first heard of Murry Salby’s work from Dick Lindzen over a drink at a regional government conference we were addressing in Colombia three years ago. I readily agreed with Dick’s conclusion that if we were causing neither temperature change nor even CO2 concentration change the global warming scare was finished.

I began then to wonder whether the world could now throw off the absurdities of climate extremism and develop a sensible theory of climate.

In pursuit of this possibility, I told Professor Salby I was going to ask two questions. He said I could ask just one. So I asked one question in two parts.

First, I asked whether the rapid, exponential decay in carbon-14 over the six decades following the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests had any bearing on his research. He said that the decay curve for carbon-14 indicated a mean CO2 atmospheric residence time far below the several hundred years assumed in certain quarters. It supports Dick Lindzen’s estimate of a 40-year residence time, not the IPCC’s imagined 50-200 years.

Secondly, I asked whether Professor Salby had studied what drove global temperature change. He said he had not gotten to that part of the story yet.

In the past year, I said, four separate groups haf contacted me to say they were able to reproduce global temperature change to a high correlation coefficient by considering it as a function of – and, accordingly, dependent upon – the time-integral of total solar irradiance.

If these four groups are correct, and if Professor Salby is also correct, one can begin to sketch out a respectable theory of climate.

The time-integral of total solar irradiance determines changes in global mean surface temperature. Henrik Svensmark’s cosmic-ray amplification, which now has considerable support in the literature, may help to explain the mechanism.

In turn, the time integral of absolute global mean temperature determines the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Here, the mechanism will owe much to Henry’s Law, which mandates that a warmer ocean can carry less CO2 than a colder ocean. I have never seen an attempt at a quantitative analysis of that relationship in this debate, and should be grateful if any of Anthony’s readers can point me to one.

The increased CO2 concentration as the world warms may well act as a feedback amplifying the warming, and perhaps our own CO2 emissions make a small contribution. But we are not the main cause of warmer weather, and certainly not the sole cause.

For the climate, all the world’s a stage. But, if the theory of climate that is emerging in samizdat lectures such as that of Professor Salby is correct, we are mere bit-part players, who strut and fret our hour upon the stage and then are heard no more.

The shrieking hype with which the mainstream news media bigged up Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda, ruthlessly exploiting lost lives in their increasingly desperate search for evidence – any evidence – as ex-post-facto justification for their decades of fawning, head-banging acquiescence in the greatest fraud in history shows that they have begun to realize that their attempt at politicizing science itself is failing.

Whether they like it or not, typhoons are acts of God, not of Man.

I asked Professor Salby whether there was enough information in the temperature record to allow him to predict the future evolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration. He said he could not do that.

However, one of the groups working on the dependence of global temperature change on the time-integral of total solar irradiance makes a startling prediction: that we are in for a drop of half a Celsius degree in the next five years.

When I made a glancing reference to that research in an earlier posting, the propagandist John Abraham sneeringly offered me a $1000 bet that the fall in global temperature would not happen.

I did not respond to this characteristically jejune offer. A theory of climate is a hypothesis yet to be verified by observation, experiment and measurement. It is not yet a theorem definitively demonstrated. Explaining the difference to climate communists is likely to prove impossible. To them the Party Line, whatever it is, must be right even if it be wrong.

The group that dares to say it expects an imminent fall in global mean surface temperature does so with great courage, and in the Einsteinian spirit of describing at the outset a test by which its hypothesis may be verified.

Whether that group proves right or wrong, its approach is as consistent with the scientific method as the offering of childish bets is inconsistent with it. In science, all bets are off. As al-Haytham used to say, check and check and check again. He was not talking about checks in settlement of silly wagers.

In due course Professor Salby will publish in the reviewed literature his research on the time-integral of temperature as the driver of CO2 concentration change. So, too, I hope, will the groups working on the time-integral of total solar irradiance as the driver of temperature change.

In the meantime, I hope that those who predict a sharp, near-term fall in global temperature are wrong. Cold is a far bigger killer than warmth. Not that the climate communists of the mainstream media will ever tell you that.

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jimmi_the_dalek
November 10, 2013 2:49 pm

Viscount Monckton, says, in answer to question by Chris Wright,
Chris Wright asks whether CO2 concentration tracks the time integral of global mean surface temperature on all timescales. Is there, he wonders, any evidence for Professor Salby’s proposition in the ice cores?
Indeed there is, and the Professor specifically discusses ice cores in some detail. He has given considerable thought to that question, and has concluded that the diffusion of air trapped in ice increases with age, so that the further back one goes in the record the greater the degree to which the CO2 concentration in the samples understates the CO2 concentration that actually obtained.

Murry Salby is attempting to argue that the data rather than the theory is wrong. However his explanation requires a major coincidence. The long-term ice cores indicate that in each interglacial the peak CO2 is about the same (approx 280ppm) and in each glacial the throughs are approximately the same. If the gas is constantly diffusing through that period, then the original concentrations would have had to start at exactly the right amount, so that when we come to measure the concentrations, those peaks all come out the same. This is not plausible.
There are other series problems. For example, if the modern rise in temperature, which is less than a degree, is sufficient to produce a rise of ~100ppm in CO2, then the fall in temperature of about 5 degrees during the glacials, would give a negative CO2 concentration.

rogerknights
November 10, 2013 2:50 pm

Flamenco says:
November 10, 2013 at 7:35 am
Christopher, I would humbly ask you to reconsider the line “Whether they like it or not, typhoons are acts of God, not of Man.”
“Typhoons are acts of nature,” perhaps?
I say that only because the warmist blogosphere are likely to latch onto this and effectively dismiss anything else that you say. A belief in “god” is a personal option, IMHO, and discussing important stuff such as (the existence or not of) CAGW is too easily derailed by the opposition who would prefer not to debate the facts but smear their opponents.

He was probably using “act of God” in the sense the insurance industry uses it–as opposed to an act of man.

Flamenco
Reply to  rogerknights
November 10, 2013 3:56 pm

He was probably using “act of God” in the sense the insurance industry uses it–as opposed to an act of man.
I am sure you are right. My suggestion is to avoid handing the warmist opposition the opportunity to dismiss the argument without engaging it. They need no invitation.

donald penman
November 10, 2013 3:09 pm

I don’t think that climate models will tell us anything about how the climate works.I think that climate scientist relying on these are making a wrong assumption about the nature of the climate . There is nothing that we cannot observe about the climate, there is nothing important that is hidden from us that climate models will uncover.The climate is just what we observe and climate theory should be based on observations not on how well climate models fit reality in my opinion.

November 10, 2013 3:46 pm

John Whitman says:
November 10, 2013 at 2:48 pm
Can you provide some context for your fundamental position on the carbon cycle? Is your position basically that of AR5 and possibly inclusive of AR4?
I use mostly the basic data from NASA at:
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/
but all the carbon cycle estimates are quite similar.
While there may be huge differences with real life, like far higher local exchanges between rotting debris under trees and night/day respiration/photosynthesis, much of that probably doesn’t reach the bulk of the atmosphere.
The estimates in general are based on the d13C/oxygen balances over the seasons and the solubility of CO2 in seawater at different temperatures. The estimated 150 GtC/yr total exchanges fits different estimates of the residence time of CO2 in the atmosphere of ~5 years in the currently 800 GtC as CO2 in the atmosphere. Thus probably not far off for the bulk atmosphere.
I made my own estimate for the partitioning of ocean exchanges, based on the difference between theoretical and observed changes in d13C over time:
http://www.ferdinand-engelbeen.be/klimaat/klim_img/deep_ocean_air_zero.jpg
That is important as there is a huge delay between output to and input from the deep oceans and the atmosphere, which makes that the excess decay of 13CO2 and 14CO2 is much faster than of an excess amount of 12CO2…
The exchange with the ocean surface layer is much faster with an equilibrium rate with the atmosphere of 1-3 years, but with a limited capacity: about 10% of the change in the atmosphere because of the buffer (Revelle) factor.
That makes that about 60 GtC is exchanged back and forth between the oceans surface over the seasons, mainly temperature related and some 40 GtC/year is continuously exchanged between the upwelling places in the warm equatorial (Pacific upwelling) waters and the cold (NE Atlantic) polar sinking waters, mainly pressure (difference) related.

Greg Goodman
November 10, 2013 4:00 pm

Vuc’ : “If in the unlikely event either Lord Monckton or Dr. Brown consider above worth of a further attention ”
I’d be interested to see that data, drop me a link comment if you would. 😉
http://climategrog.wordpress.com/about/

Greg Goodman
November 10, 2013 4:13 pm

Ferdi: ” The estimated 150 GtC/yr total exchanges fits different estimates of the residence time of CO2 in the atmosphere of ~5 years in the currently 800 GtC as CO2 in the atmosphere.
…..
The exchange with the ocean surface layer is much faster with an equilibrium rate with the atmosphere of 1-3 years, but with a limited capacity”
These are the same , you still have not corrected you ideas about the first part.
150 Gt in 6 mo going in ; then 150 Gt in 6 mo going out. that’s an exchange rate of 300 Gt/a in a reservoir of 800 Gt
800 Gt / 300 Gt/a = 2.7 years.
That’s your 1-3 years.
.

Greg Goodman
November 10, 2013 4:19 pm

jimmi: “Murry Salby is attempting to argue that the data rather than the theory is wrong. However his explanation requires a major coincidence. The long-term ice cores indicate that in each interglacial the peak CO2 is about the same (approx 280ppm) and …This is not plausible”
I also have serious doubts about that part of his presentation. It just does not ring true to me. He may not be totally wrong in the short term but the way he spins it out orders of magnitude does not stand up, even of a cursory hearing.
“There are other series problems. For example, if the modern rise in temperature, which is less than a degree, is sufficient to produce a rise of ~100ppm in CO2, then the fall in temperature of about 5 degrees during the glacials, would give a negative CO2 concentration.”
Sorry, that’s silly. You can’t just linearly project everything over unlimited range.

Greg Goodman
November 10, 2013 4:26 pm

http://www.ferdinand-engelbeen.be/klimaat/klim_img/dco2_em3.jpg
That’s good , could you post a link to the up to date emissions data?

Gliese 581 d
November 10, 2013 5:16 pm

If CO2 follows temperature:
1) why did 6-7 C of warming that ended the recent ice ages lead to only +100 ppm CO2, but now 1 C of warming has created +120 ppm CO2?
2) where is the evidence of higher CO2 during the MWP?
3) how did Venus get so hot?

Gliese 581 d
November 10, 2013 5:19 pm

If CO2 follows temperature, then:
1) why did 6-7 C of warming that ended the recent ice ages lead to only +100 ppm CO2, but now 1 C of warming has created +120 ppm CO2?
2) where is the evidence of higher CO2 during the MWP?
3) how did Venus get so hot?

TomRude
November 10, 2013 5:20 pm

IPCC Vice President Jean Jouzel in a colloque recently claimed the IPCC predicted not more hurricanes but more powerful ones… Funny how the goal posts were again adjusted to fit the date. I imagine that should next year show more hurricanes less powerful, the same clown will claim the opposite…

Bart
November 10, 2013 5:20 pm

Ferdinand Engelbeen says:
November 10, 2013 at 12:59 pm
“No, that is mathematical fitting of a curve, not based on any law of physics and violating about all known observations…”
No, it is an explanation of how steady upwelling of CO2 rich ocean waters creates a steady flow of CO2 into the atmosphere, and is further modulated by temperature, producing a relationship of the form
dCO2/dt = k*(T – Teq)
You are completely wrong at that point: Henry’s Law shows an increase of 16 μatm in seawater for 1 K temperature increase.
You are completely wrong. Henry’s Law demands that continuous upwelling of CO2 enriched waters produces a steady rise in atmospheric concentration at the interface between oceans and air. In addition, the proportionality factor in Henry’s Law is temperature dependent, which leads to temperature modulation of the flow.
It is like this. Suppose that the surface layer of the ocean is increasing in concentration, due to upwelling of CO2 rich waters, according to
CO2(surface ocean) = a + b*t
where a and b are constants, and t is time. Then the atmosphere at the boundary will be increasing according to
CO2(atmosphere@ocean) = k*(a + b*t)
where k is Henry’s constant. But, k is temperature dependent, and while temperature T was rising approximately linearly, it became
k = k0 + k1*t
Thus,
CO2(atmosphere@ocean) = (k0+k1*t)*(a + b*t) = a*k0 + (a*k1+b*k0)*t + b*k1*t^2
The curvature was 2*b*k1. It is fully accounted for by the temperature relationship.
But, then in about 1998, T stopped rising, so it became
CO2(atmosphere@ocean) = (k0+k1*1998)*(a + b*t)
and its rise became linear. That is what we are seeing now, even as emissions keep increasing.
Temperature doesn’t match the trend (or it gives a too low amplitude of the wiggles) or it does match the wiggles, but then the trend is too high.”
If it is too high, then you have a problem – humans would have to be removing CO2 to make it balance. Since we obviously aren’t, there are either other forces involved, or the data are simply not precise enough to make a conclusion. Actually, the data are not precise enough to make a conclusion, but if CO2 needs to be taken out, then other forces are involved, and they aren’t human.
“No matter what you think, you can’t decrease the 13C/12C ratio in the atmosphere by adding CO2 with a higher 13C/12C ratio from any source. This effectively rejects your theory of a huge source of CO2 from the (deep) oceans. No way to reject that on any physical ground.
Narrative, not proof.
“If you reject every single evidence that your theory is wrong only on the ground that it doesn’t fit your theory, then your theory never can be disproven…”
Hardly. I simply demand that your “evidence” have a unique explanation. When there are multiple possibilities, it is not proof.
“As repeatedly said to Bart: by using different units for similar variables, he creates a false impression.”
There is no difference. If I took away the label on the left hand side, you would have the same plot.
“Here is the real ratio between human emissions and the growth rate in the atmosphere, where halve the human emissions still completely fit within the natural variability:”
This just shows the robust nature of least squares fits. I fit mine to the first half to find the affine parameters, then carried that forward. But, you still cannot explain why the rate of change basically screeched to a halt in line with the halt in temperatures of the last 15 years, while the emissions curve is continuing to rise. Even your fit is diverging. If/when temperatures take a downturn, you will be hard pressed to keep fooling yourself.
Ferdinand Engelbeen says:
November 10, 2013 at 2:16 pm
“To be right, the increase of the natural emissions must mimic the increase in human emissions at exactly the same ratio in exactly the same time frame…”
No. If the sinks are very active, the increase of natural emissions must dwarf the increase in human emissions. This allows for a much greater set of possibilities, and is, in fact, the usual way in which feedback systems work.
Andrew McRae says:
November 10, 2013 at 1:33 pm
“…which means leaving only one repository with “unknown” rate of change…”
Yes, that is the classic error in the “mass balance” argument. The problem it implicitly assumes that the sinks are static – that they are wholly natural and only sink naturally produced carbon.
But, that is incorrect. The sinks are dynamic. They expand in response to both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Thus, there is a natural portion of the natural sinks, and an anthropogenicially produced portion of the natural sinks. In effect, there are natural and artificial sinks. That makes two unknowns and one equation. You cannot solve it uniquely.

November 10, 2013 5:21 pm

rgbatduke says:
“then the bulk of the rise we observe and its positive curvature could be due to the fact that we are still in the “transient” associated with the 20 year rapid rise that apparently ended with the 1997/1998 ENSO event.”
I think you’ll find that the rapid rise is from the 97/98 Nino and not leading up to it:
http://snag.gy/Hckag.jpg

milodonharlani
November 10, 2013 5:37 pm

Gliese 581 d says:
November 10, 2013 at 5:16 pm
You’re kidding, right?
But just in case you’re not, might I ask how did Mars get so cold, with 950,000 ppm of CO2?
Granted, its solar irradiance is about 44% of Earth’s, but still, gimme a break, with so much magic gas in its atmosphere, how can it possibly be so much colder than Earth? For Pete’s sake, CO2 there forms ice at the poles.
Did you know that at the point in the ocean-like atmosphere of Venus at which pressure is the same as at sea level on Earth, the temperature is also about equal? This despite the fact that Venus receives about twice as much solar irradiance as Earth.

Gliese 581 d
November 10, 2013 5:44 pm

milodonharlani: No, I’m not kidding, especially about questions #1 and #2.
Re: Mars — see “pressure broadening”
Your last paragraph about Venus & Earth temperatures at 1 bar is only true if you set the albedos of Venus and Earth equal to one another, or equal to one. Neither is the case.

milodonharlani
November 10, 2013 5:54 pm

Gliese 581 d says:
November 10, 2013 at 5:44 pm
As for Venus, albedo only matters as it might affect TSI at that point. TSI, temperature & pressure on Venus all come together at about terrestrial numbers at the same place in the Venusian atmosphere, Jim Hansen’s home planet.
Thanks for bringing up your other questions again. Do you really imagine that average global ocean delta T during the onset of the Holocene & the Medieval Warm Period were the same as the difference in air temperature? If so, why?
I’d urge you to study the Eemian & previous interglacial phases. The usual best guess for CO2 concentration during the early, especially warm portion of the Eemian is 330 ppm. It could have been higher & IMO probably was. I’m willing to accept that human activity during the Modern Warm Period might have added to CO2 levels, which of course is a good thing, but IMO all the evidence suggests that warming oceans release more gas, as of course simple physics would predict.
Do you have any other questions?

Greg Goodman
November 10, 2013 6:18 pm

Ferdi “Temperature doesn’t match the trend (or it gives a too low amplitude of the wiggles) or it does match the wiggles, but then the trend is too high.”
No, there are different time constants and capacities in different sinks and different rates of change at different time-scales since a deeper water volume is connected.
http://climategrog.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=233
The inter-annual change is 8ppmv/K/a but inter-decadal is about half that. It takes time for CO2 and heat to diffuse to lower, larger sinks.
I suspect centennial sensitivity will be of the order of single ppmv/K/a but since we are forever chasing a new equilibrium, that rate of change is potentially there every year for 100 years.
Now if it’s 2ppmv/K/a it would account for just about all the post industrial CO2 increase (I think that unlikely).
If it’s 0.2 ppm/K/a it will be about the 16 ppmv figure you seem to favour.
It’s going to need some serious systems analysis and good data to pin it down more accurately than that.

November 10, 2013 7:03 pm

anyways.
You can’t expect to weald supreme executive power just because some watery tart threw a sword at you.
So there.
I feel better getting that off my chest.

Bart
November 10, 2013 7:19 pm

Bart says:
November 10, 2013 at 5:20 pm
Andrew McRae says:
November 10, 2013 at 1:33 pm
I’m sure the argument will not end with the rather simple observation above that you have one equation with two unknowns. But, I will not have much time tomorrow, and would like to tie this conversation off.
The key point is that the sinks are dynamic, that they expand in response to forcing. If they can expand very rapidly, then you must have a very powerful input to budge things. But, the natural forcing is not at all well known, and can be arbitrarily large. You can think of it as the two unknowns being the expansion sensitivity of the sinks, and the input from nature. You have to solve for the unknown parameters and inputs of the system, and there are more than can be done with a single equation.
Allow me to give an analogy. Suppose you have one of those old fashioned lavatory sinks with two faucets, one for cold water, and one for hot. The cold one is turned on and water has begun to collect. It rises to the point at which the rate of water coming in is the same as the rate draining out.
Let’s call the level of water L, and the input rate of cold water C. The differential equation governing the flow is
dL/dt = -L/tau + C
where tau is a time constant associated with the size of the drain. In the steady state, dL/dt = 0 and L = C*tau.
Let us call this equilibrium level L0, and the input flow for C producing this level is C0. At some time later, we are going to increase C to C0 + deltaC, and we are going to turn on the hot water faucet so that we have a new flow H coming in. The differential equation now becomes
dL/dt = -L/tau + C0 + deltaC+ H
At time t later, assuming H and deltaC are constant, the observed level will be
L = L0*exp(-t/tau) + tau*(C0+deltaC+H)*(1-exp(-t/tau))
so, the increase has been
dL = L – L0 = tau*(deltaC+H)*(1-exp(-t/tau))
Consider time 5*tau. We make an observation that, at this time,
dL = 0.5*H*(5*tau)
That is less than the total virtual accumulation of H. Does this mean the rise is wholly due to H? Of course not. We have
2.5*H= (deltaC+H)*(1-exp(-5)) = 0.9933*(deltaC+ H)
which means deltaC = 1.52*H, which is to say that greater than 60% of the rise was due to deltaC, and not to H.
In general, if tau is very short, then we can solve the differential equation approximately as
L = L0 + tau*(deltaC+H)
for general bandlimited H and deltaC. Suppose deltaC= (0.5*H/tau)*t. Then, because tau is small, the increase is almost completely due to deltaC, and very little due to H.
But, this is just a long-winded way of stating the obvious. If the drain is very powerful (small tau), it takes a huge input to budge the water level significantly. Since deltaC is unknown, and therefore arbitrary, it can be as large as needed, and the input due to H simply drains rapidly away.
It is the same with CO2 in the atmosphere. If the sinks are very active, then human forcing cannot account for the rise.

Bart
November 10, 2013 7:22 pm

“If the sinks are very active, then human forcing cannot account for the rise.”
And, it is very apparent that the sinks are very active, because the temperature relationship accounts for essentially all of the CO2 in the atmosphere, and there is very little room for human inputs to affect things significantly.

November 10, 2013 7:23 pm

Fantastic post! 7.8 clownshoes on the KoKo scale.
Would have scored higher but for the unfortunate confusion between Theorem (a mathematical statement based on other established statements) and Theory (an explanation of a natural process developed through repeated observation).
Recommend, as per previous oft-repeated advice, completion of basic undergraduate courses in mathematics and physics to avert error recurring.

RoHa
November 10, 2013 7:46 pm

Love the term “samizdat lecture”.

milodonharlani
November 10, 2013 7:53 pm

Margaret Hardman says:
November 10, 2013 at 10:15 am
Apparently you’re unaware that the third viscount Christopher’s grandfather, Walter Turner Monckton, Anthony Eden’s Minister of Defence 1955–56, was the only cabinet minister to oppose Eden’s Suez policy, & for this transgression was demoted to Paymaster-General in 1956–57. Thus, arguably, it was Lord Christopher’s grandfather’s opposition to the Middle Eastern adventure to which you allude that secured for his descendants the viscountcy.

milodonharlani
November 10, 2013 8:17 pm

And while on the provenance of His Lordship’s title, let us consider for the nonce the life of his granddad’s benefactor Anthony Eden, first Earl of Avon. Disparage as you will his mistakes as Prime Minister, yet here was a man who served with honor as a company officer in the horrors of the Western Front in the Great War, in which conflict his older & younger brothers perished, & whose oldest son died in the Second World War, a man who after experiencing the squalor of the trenches returned to academia to learn French, German, Russian, Persian & Arabic, who between the wars, despite his understandable hatred of war, came to recognize the need to resist Hitler, & tried to the best of his ability to serve his nation, Crown & Western Civilization.

November 10, 2013 8:33 pm

remember how we make CO2 free water (for standard solutions)?
HCO3- + (more) heat => (more) CO2 (g) + OH-
likewise the CO2 sinks according to:
CO2 + 2 H2O + (more) cold => (more) HCO3- + (more) H3O+
the two reactions must balance out if energy in stayed the same.
hence, if, as shown in the graph on top of this post, temps. have remained “unchanged” over the last 17 years, then we can say at least that the warming and cooling cancelled each other out over the period of the graph.
hence, there has been a net gain of 396-362=34 ppm due to human emissions 1996-2013
So what?
The proposed mechanism for AGW implies that more GHG would cause a delay in radiation being able to escape from earth, which then causes a delay in cooling, from earth to space, resulting in a warming effect. Clearly, as the graph shows, that is not happening.
So now what?
What does the extra CO2 do?
It is like dung in the sky!!!
The Dutch tomatoes growers add CO2 in their greenhouses to get bigger tomatoes.
Don’t worry. Be happy. More CO2 is OK!
God is good!!

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