Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach (@weschenbach on X, my own blog at Skating Under The Ice)
Folks ask why I describe climate alarmism as a “grift”, a lovely English word meaning a swindle. I describe it that way because it’s making people rich while accomplishing nothing.
Here’s one example among hundreds. California’s CO2 “Cap And Trade” program, recently renamed the “Cap-And-Invest” program, is now primarily a multi‑billion‑dollar revenue machine whose costs land squarely on consumers while delivering meaningless reductions in greenhouse gases. Politicians, not the planet, are the clear winners.
Let’s start with the sticker price that no one voted on. The program is pulling in about $5 billion a year in auction revenue, with roughly $33 billion raised since inception. That money does not appear out of thin air; it is baked into the price of everything covered entities sell, with gasoline being the most obvious example.
It’s estimated that about 30 cents per gallon in cap‑and‑trade costs is embedded in California gasoline pump prices, roughly consistent with the California Air Resources Board’s own estimate of about 27 cents per gallon for the cap‑and‑trade component. California consumes on the order of 13–14 billion gallons of gasoline per year, so that 30‑cent skim works out to something like $4 billion per year transferred from motorists’ pockets to Sacramento without a line item on the tax bill. That is before counting similar pass‑through costs in diesel, electricity, concrete, and industrial products.
So what does all that pain at the pump buy in terms of carbon dioxide? The governor’s office and CARB boast that the ~ $33 billion in cap‑and‑trade proceeds have funded projects claimed to cut emissions equivalent to taking 1.3 million gasoline cars off the road. Using a standard figure of about 4.6 metric tons of CO₂ per year per typical passenger vehicle, that “cars off the road” metric translates to on the order of 6 million metric tons of CO₂ avoided per year if those reductions are durable and additional.
However, California’s cap‑and‑trade program covers roughly three‑quarters of state greenhouse gas emissions, and total state emissions have fallen about 14 percent since the program began, largely due to other policies like the renewable portfolio standard and vehicle efficiency rules. A federal review estimates that projects funded by cap-and-trade auction proceeds account for roughly 110 million metric tonnes of CO₂‑equivalent reductions cumulatively.
WOW! Over a hundred million tonnes of CO2, that must be a lot, right? So, how much difference has that made in the real world?
For that, we need a few facts. First, current CO2 levels are about 420 ppmv (parts per million by volume).
Next, for each 17,355 million metric tonnes of CO2 emitted, the atmospheric CO2 goes up by 1 ppmv (part per million by volume). This means that for the $33 billion dollars taken out of my and other California taxpayers’ wallets, the atmospheric CO2 level is lower by 110/17,400 = 0.006 ppmv … six thousandths of one part per million of CO2.
Be still, my beating heart …
And IF the IPCC is correct (which is a very big if), that would have reduced the current temperature by log2(420.006 / 420) * 3 = 0.00006°C …
Seriously. Californians have spent $33 billion dollars to reduce the temperature by not a tenth of a degree, not by a hundredth or a thousandth of a degree, not even by a ten-thousandth of a degree, but by less than a ten-thousandth of a degree.
And before you claim that we are “leading by example” and that the world will follow, most countries are not that stupid. At that rate, to reduce the world’s temperature by 1°C (again, IF the IPCC is correct) would cost $533 TRILLION dollars, a number so large it defies comprehension. It’s more than a hundred years of all the annual US Federal Tax revenue.
For. One. Degree. Of. Cooling.
So clearly, this has NOTHING to do with the climate.
Meanwhile, the spending priorities tell you what the real game is. The renamed “cap‑and‑invest” scheme locks in a billion dollars a year for the “railroad to nowhere”, Governor Newsom’s doomed high‑speed rail project, regardless of how many years it stays an expensive hole in the Central Valley.
Even the High‑Speed Rail Authority’s own projections concede that, if the system were ever fully completed, it would shave automobile emissions by only about 1 percent, while construction itself adds emissions up front. In other words, no emissions gain at all.
This insane boondoggle was sold as a San Francisco to LA high-speed train costing $33 billion. Now it’s been cut back to a Modesto to Bakersfield line for $40 billion or so. Despite billions spent already, there hasn’t been a full mile of track laid.

And if you don’t know where Modesto is … neither do most Californians. However, like nearly all the cities in Democrat-destroyed California, Modesto and Bakersfield need lots of things.
Sadly … a high-speed rail link connecting the two is not one of them.
Add to that, $1.25 billion shifted to wildfire suppression to ease pressure on a deficit‑ridden general fund, plus another $1 billion put into a legislative “discretionary” pot—that is, money that our corrupt Democrat leadership can steer to whatever pet projects or political deals they fancy. Those three buckets alone consume most of the annual auction take while having no measurable effect on atmospheric CO2 levels.
The Legislative Analyst’s Office, not exactly a bomb‑throwing outfit, dryly notes that cap‑and‑trade (now cap‑and‑invest) revenues “can continue to be viewed as akin to tax revenues and be legally available to expend for any purpose.” Translate the bureaucratese and you get this:
Cap‑and‑trade has become a backdoor tax on energy, largely invisible to voters, that can be spent on any damn thing the governor and legislative leadership wish, no matter how useless or corrupt.
Politically, that is a dream scam—billions per year off‑budget in the colloquial sense, routed to high‑profile projects, deficit patches, and discretionary slush, all defended under the halo of “climate action.” From the standpoint of the average Californian buying gasoline, electricity, or manufactured goods, it is a classic heads‑they‑win, tails‑you‑pay arrangement: higher prices now, no meaningful change in emissions, and a guaranteed windfall of flexible cash for the political class in Sacramento.
And tragically, the people getting hit the hardest by this backdoor tax on energy are the poor. It’s a regressive tax that hits the poor the hardest of all.
And that, dear friends, is just one of the multitude of ways that politicians and alarmist scientists are lining their pockets by scaring you about the climate, and all the while shafting the poor.
The good news? People are coming to their senses and noticing that of the trillions spent on “climate”, the overwhelming majority goes to politicians and their friends, NGOs, meaningless feel-good “green” initiatives, and alarmist scientists.
The bad news? The scammers are going to scam until they’ve pried the very last possible dollar out of your wallet.
I repeat my proposal that ANY climate-related expenses by the government should be forced to reveal to the public how much they will theoretically reduce the temperature. If you asked California taxpayers, “Should we spend $33 billion to reduce global temperatures by 0.00006°C?”, I can tell you what the answer would be …
My very best to all on a foggy December morning,
w.
Clarity Alert: When you comment, please quote the exact words you are discussing. It avoids endless misunderstandings.
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How much CO2 equivalent did they import from coal-powered goods production in Asia and how much did the amount increase over time? FYI, China just recorded a $1 trillion trade surplus.
CARB makes a good living off its underspecified carbon models.
Eschenbach may know many things about many subjects, but if he knew the first thing about HSR construction he would know this one:
The track is laid last and it takes almost no time to do, in comparison to all the civil engineering work, all the power line installations, all the signalling etc etc, which all have to be done first before track is laid down.
That includes all tunnelling and cuttings necessary, it might well include vents to make tunnels safe in the case of fire etc etc.
The budget for a railway line track laying is minimal compared to the total cost of the project. It is the second last thing that gets done (the last thing is testing the line before allowing passenger services to commence).
So if you have a 15 year project to completion, expect to see the track laid in year 13 or even year 14.
But the end of life as we know it will occur before that high speed train to Hell will ever be completed….they have been telling us that every 5 years since 1968.
HSR: another future key technology that the US is losing out on. Must be fun being stuck in the 50s.
The application is the issue. The route for this GRIFT is absurd.
It should now be obvious to everyone that MUR is an advocate for grift.
Air is much more economically sensible when you have cities very wide spread.
The economics of passenger rail requires high patronage.
That is why Gruesome’s railway from nothing to nowhere is such a moronic virtue-seeking idea.
This is not a new idea. High speed rail was first proposed by the demented Governor Jerry Brown in 1979. It was rejected back then because it had no business case whatsoever without enormous government construction support and ongoing operating subsidy.
There is quite literally no business case for it whatsoever. Just as there is no business case for the proposed high speed rail link in Canada from Windsor to Quebec City. The nature of North America is such that there is no business case for any high speed rail anywhere in the continent. North America is NOT Europe. If MUNR likes high speed rail so much, he should pay for it himself.
Oh my god. He dared to select his own way to measure the speed of progress, a privilege reserved for Democrats only.
Thanks, RTJ. I fear you’ve missed my point, likely my lack of clarity.
The project was funded in 2008. They’ve been working for 17 years on creating a pathetic 120 miles of high-speed rail on perfectly flat ground, so they’re way past your “fifteen-year project”. No major tunnels. No vents to make tunnels safe. Only one major bridge. This is the simplest HSR project on the planet, and it is WAY over budget and WAY behind time.
You’re talking like they’re almost there. Here’s the pathetic progress to date.
In addition to no track being laid, only 60% of the guideway is ready for rail installation. 18% of it hasn’t even been started. Of the 92 structures required, only 58% of them are completed, and 5% of them haven’t even been started.
At present, the ~ 120-mile segment is unofficially supposed to be done in seven years. The officials in charge don’t have the balls to announce an official completion date because they know whatever lies they tell, it will take longer and cost more.
They also don’t have the balls to release the official projections for how much of the operating expenses will be covered by the fares paid by the riders. They will only say it will be “less than 100%” … sane people think it will be FAR below that. Get real. How many people will be commuting from Modesto to Bakersfield?
Estimates from external sources yield an illustrative total annual operating and maintenance cost of about 86.8 million dollars (2019 USD) for the Merced–Bakersfield initial operating segment scenario. The same table pairs this with projected annual revenues of 37.4 million dollars, implying an annual operating loss of about 49.4 million dollars. Presumably to be paid by the taxpayer. Forever.
Meanwhile, in China, they’ve completed an additional ~ 16,000 km (~ 10,000 miles) of high-speed rail in the last four years …
My point was simple. No matter the metric, the project is a typical California boondoggle—far more expensive than we were told, far slower to construct than we were promised, doing NOTHING for the climate, going to be a burden on the taxpayer forever, and going from nowhere to nowhere …
But it’s all OK, I hear, because it’s going from nowhere to nowhere really, really fast …
Best to you and yours,
w.
At the rate they’re going, by the time they are ready to buy trains, the current technology will be obsolete and they’ll be out of money to buy trains anyway. This is the phase of major projects where you say time to wind it down and cut our losses.
Meanwhile in China…
Wasn’t the San Francisco to Los Angeles high speed train planned to be completed by 2018? With reduced expectations, what is a ridership estimate for Merced-Bakersfield? Ticket price estimate?
“high speed train planned to be completed by 2018”
That’s 5 years after the Arctic will be ice-free in summer.
.
So we have a completion date … 5 years after the Arctic is ice-free in summer.
Merced or Modesto?
A railway from nowhere to nowhere is of very little use especially when it costs a great deal of money!
I recall a road to nowhere in Alaska.
Well, Modesto and Bakersfield aren’t exactly nowhere, but you can see it from there.
You’ve got to be kidding. You clearly know nothing about this debacle.
I agree with you. Eschenback knows a lot of good stuff about the atmosphere, but high speed trains is an area he should steer clear of.
The transcontinental railroad took 6 – years to build. The entire interstate road system has about 46,000 miles of road and took about 30 years to complete. 30 years for the whole damn thing. This whole thing is a boondoggle. Near me a major thoroughfare was closed for a year while two roundabouts were built. Governments and contractors are raping the taxpayers these days. There is no excuse other that grift and not holding contractors accountable for doing a promised job.
Heavily researched does not guarantee correct. Even one erroneous assumption in common renders pages of references, papers and citations useless. CAGW’s GHE contains three such assumptions.
GHE claims without it Earth becomes 33 C cooler, a 255 K, -18 C, ball of ice.
Wrong.
Naked Earth would be much like the Moon, barren, 400 K lit side, 100 K dark.
TFK_bams09 heat balance graphic uses the same 63 twice violating GAAP and calculating out of thin air a 396 BB/333 “back”/63 net GHE radiative forcing loop violating LoT 1 & 2.
Wrong.
Likewise, the ubiquitous plethora of clones.
GHE requires Earth to radiate “extra” energy as a BB.
Wrong.
A BB requires all energy leaving the system to do so by radiation. Per TFK_bams09 60% leaves by kinetic modes, i.e. conduction, convection, advection and latent rendering BB impossible.
GHE is bogus and CAGW a scam so alarmists must resort to fear mongering, lies, lawsuits, censorship and violence.
If you click on the figure, it will expand and become clear. To contract the figure and return to comments, click on the “X” in the circle.
The greenhouse effect is real but is highly variable, and is a function of local humidity. Search “corn sweat”. In summer in Danville, IL, my hometown, the nights were muggy with high humidity which made sleeping uncomfortable.
That is not a “greenhouse effect.”
That is weather.
The expression “greenhouse effect” is made up, used in social, common language applications with context derived definitions (and there are many different spins of the definition).
It is not a scientific expression.
It is based on a comment made more than a century ago. A box with a glass lid, filled with CO2. The temperature went up and the comment was, “sort of like a greenhouse).
Once again, over simplification, control knob definitions, to spoon feed a population that has given up thinking for themselves.
That’s a nice picture of the should be named “Gavin Christopher Newsom Hi-Speed Rail Memorial Bridge”. There should be a statue of Newsom every furlong along the train route to remind everyone of the grift and who is most responsible for it.
It is a very nice bridge, though 😉 and, like Newscum… totally USELESS
Compare that to what little old Newcastle NSW has managed in just a couple of years…
M1 Extension to Raymond Terrace crosses the Hunter River November update Australian construction
Newcastle Inner City Bypass and City Construction update Hunter region NSW Australia
note.. With the Hexham bypass, the original opening was listed as late 2028…
That may be able to be brought forward, they are “getting things done” in a very timely fashion. 🙂
(That’s the top one, not sure of scheduling on the lower one)
But the train, reportedly, moves faster than a furlong per fortnight.
How many cubits per Hiroshima is that?
“… to reveal to the public how much they will theoretically reduce the climate.”
Should that be “reduce the temperature.”?
Thanks, DRH, fixed.
w.
Since we’re talking California gas prices, this interview of USC Professor Michael Mische is particularly relevant. Prof. Mische published a paper earlier this year essentially demonstrating that California policies are solely to blame for high gas prices no matter how loudly Gavin Newsom screams about price gouging. Incidentally, the Philips 66 refinery near LA is closing this month and the Valero one in Benicia next April. Together those refineries provide about 17% of California’s gasoline. The prices are high now… but just wait.
https://youtu.be/mlLa7INf0lI
And now a word from the Doobie Brothers on the subject of the never-to-be-completed High Speed Train to Hell.
https://youtu.be/m4tJSn0QtME
Ahhhh, those chords! One of my favourites.
“For. One. Degree. Of. Cooling.”
Not quite correct.. It is “to stop one degree of warming”. 🙂
And once again we’re glossing over the threshold issue.
Why the hell would we want to stop the climate from IMPROVING?!
WARMER IS BETTER.
WIllis –
Insightful, as always. I do have one question: You state, “for each 17,355 million metric tonnes of CO2 emitted, the atmospheric CO2 goes up by 1 ppmv (part per million by volume).” The weight of the atmosphere is about 5.15 x 10^15 tonnes. CO2 is about 0.0006% by weight and 0.0042% by volume. The weight fraction translates into about 3.1 x 10^12 tonnes of atmospheric CO2. Then 1 ppm by weight is 3.1 x 10^12 / 420 = 7.4 billion tonnes, not 17.355 billion tonnes. Or have I missed something obvious in your calculation?
Thanks, Jonathan. Note that my statement (which you’ve quoted, thanks) says “17,355 million metric tonnes”, not “17.355 billion tonnes” as you state.
w.
Willis – apologies for changing the number to billions. You did not address my question, however. Is my calculation incorrect? Thanks! J.
A distinction without a difference?
It’s the grift that keeps on grifting.
When 50K+ people appear at the end of the world at a meeting,
then the grift must be absolutely gigantic.
Like EVERYTHING mentioning the word “climate” as part of its “justification.”
Washington State’s law, the Climate Commitment Act, is a similar thing. One estimate is that it raises the gas/diesel tax about 65¢/gallon. Average State price of regular gasoline is $4.027/gal. CA is 30¢ higher. Of course everything else has an increased price too.
Terminology follows something called The Climate Pledge. They even renamed “Seattle Center”, the site of the 1962 World’s Fair, as Climate Pledge Arena.
Brain dead idiots in Washington are following California off a cliff. I’ve been pointing out for decades that it’s mathematically impossible for reductions there to have a measurable impact on Earth’s temperature. Especially when most of the world are increasing their emissions by far more than the tiny reductions they are achieving.
Very nice Willis. The US/California do not have a climate/science problem they have a government problem. California government is truly disgraceful. All the good science in the world can’t make up for dishonest government. This mess will only end when the taxpayers and ratepayers finally stand up and say no. They need to be educated, people like you can do that.
Californians have paid…to have government spend…
Californians have been robbed…
Re top cartoon…
If you think using a fan to drive a train is a new idea.. nope. !! 🙂
What would the Health & Safety officials have to say about THAT these days?
Well, how about this one?
The New York Central once strapped a jet engine (from a B-36 bomber) to the top of a railcar.
183.68mph in 1966.
That implies that adding CO2 to air makes thermometers hotter. It doesn’t, and there is no “theory” that says it should. “Climate related” expenses is a bit vague – maybe you meant expenses related to expected weather events – flood barriers, buildings to cope with winds, roads to withstand extreme temperatures, etc.
In regard to a high speed rail line, I’m surprised that “True high-speed rail has not yet made it to the U.S., but that will change soon.”, according to the New York Times. HS rail
HS rail exists in Asia and Europe, although Uzbekistan’s 600 km of HS only manages 250 km/hr.<g> Maybe California should get advice from Uzbekistan?
In conclusion, politicians are only beauty contest winners, so you can’t really blame them for appearing ignorant and gullible. Their constituents might have wrongly assumed that the politicians are smarter than the people vote them in.
All good fun.
Harold The Organic Chemist Says:
ATTN: Willis and Everyone
RE: Carbon Dioxide Has Not Caused Warming Of Air Since1930!
Shown in the chart (See below) are plots of the average seasonal temperatures and a plot of the average annual temperature at the Furnace Creek weather station in Death Valley from 1922 to 2001.
In 2001 the average annual temperature from the chart was 25.1° C
In 1922 the concentration of CO2 in dry air was ca. 303 ppmv
(0.60 g CO2/cu. m. of air), and by 2001, it had increased to 371 ppmv
(0.73 g CO2/cu. m. of air), but there was no corresponding increase in
air temperature at this remote desert. The simple explanation for no warming of air in this arid desert is that there is just too little CO2 in the air to absorb out-going long wavelength IR light to cause warming of air.
The real reason for no warming of air is due to saturation of absorption of out-going IR light emanating from desert surface by CO2. The threshold for the saturation effect is 300 ppmv. In 1921 the concentration of CO2 was ca. 301 ppmv. For info on the saturation effect see:
“The Saturation of the Infrared Absorption by Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere” by Dieter Schildknecht available at:
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.00708v1.
For an update on Death Valley temperatures, I went to:
https://extremeweatherwatch.com/cities/death-valley/average-temperature-by-year. The Tmax and Tmin data from 1964 to 2025 are displayed in a table. The annual temperature data for 2025 are:
Tmax: 32.6° Temperatures are° C
Tmin: 19.6°
Tavg: 26.1°
After 24 years the Tavg in Death Valley has increased by only 1° C which is probably due natural variation in temperature (See Chart) or a move of the weather station. In summary the empirical data show that CO2 does not cause warming of air and there is no need to regulate the emission of CO2 from the use of fossil fuels.
NB: The chart was obtained from the late John L. Daly’s website:
“Still Waiting For Greenhouse” available at http://www.john-daly.com. From the home page go to end a click on the selection: Station Temperature Data.” On the “World Map” click on “NA”, and page down to U.S.A.-Pacific. Finally, scroll down and click in “Death Valley”. John Daly found over 200 weather stations that showed no warming up to 2002.
If you click on the chart, it will expanded and become clear. Clear on the “X” in the circle to contract the chart and return to “Comments”.
The real reason is IR absorption and emission of IR does not add kinetic energy to the molecule and therefore does not cause any warming.
FYI CERES recently changed their energy imbalance from about 3.6 W/m^2 to about 0.7 W/m^2 when the extended the bandwidth of the CERES sensor suite.
As an aside, the CERES error budget is 0.5% for outgoing total EM and 1.0% for cloud and ground reflected light. 0.5% of 342 W/m^2 is….. drum roll…. 1.7 W/m^2.
In other words, the calculated energy imbalance falls withing the instrumentation measurement error.
https://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/science/#global-mean-energy-budget
Note, the listed error for incoming solar EM is +/- 0.1 W/m^2 but the error for outgoing EM is +/- 2.0 W/m^2. The listed error for reflected solar EM is +/- 1 W/m^2.
NOTHING. CO2 concentration in the atmosphere as measured at the Mauna Loa observatory keeps rising.
California is the griftiest state in the union and still has budget deficits. One must wonder why a state that has been exclusively run by competent legislative democrats since 1958 is in such a condition.
How times have changed!
And back then they did it with hand tools!
All this concern about greenhouse gas and global warming is as the late Senator Everettt Dirksen of Illinois often said: “That is just so much hogwash”. We do not have worry about global warming, but we will always have to worry about winter