From the UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER and the “I’m going to have a sandwich for lunch, just for spite” department comes this exercise in climate stupidity equating sandwich types to miles driven in a car. So for extra spite, I’m going to drive my car to the nearest Subway sandwich shop today and order a foot-long, with double meat. Like this one.
For the rest of you that embrace this guilt building exercise, have a Tofu on Rye.
When will they learn you can’t motivate people by trying to make them feel guilty about everyday foods? I do predict though, at some point, just like they require for cars, California will require foods top have a “global warming impact” sticker in the not too distant future as a way of taxing those “carbon footprints”.
Is your sandwich bad for the environment?
Do you take a packed lunch to work or buy a sandwich from the shop? The carbon footprint of your sandwich could be having a major impact on greenhouse gas emissions according to new research.
Researchers at The University of Manchester have carried out the first ever study looking at the carbon footprint of sandwiches, both home-made and pre-packaged. They considered the whole life cycle of sandwiches, including the production of ingredients, sandwiches and their packaging, as well as food waste discarded at home and elsewhere in the supply chain.
Altogether the team looked at 40 different sandwich types, recipes and combinations. They found the highest carbon footprints for the sandwiches with pork meat (bacon, ham or sausages) and those containing cheese or prawns.
Of the recipes considered, the most carbon-intensive variety is a ready-made ‘all-day breakfast’ sandwich which includes egg, bacon and sausage.
The researchers estimate that this type of sandwich generates 1441 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq.). This is equivalent to CO2 emissions from driving a car for 12 miles.
The sandwich with the lowest carbon emission equivalent is a simple home-made favourite, ham and cheese. The study also found that making your own sandwiches at home could reduce carbon emissions by a half compared to ready-made equivalents.
According to the British Sandwich Association (BSA) more than 11.5 billion sandwiches are consumed each year in the UK alone. Around half of those are made at home and the other half are bought over the counter in shops, supermarkets and service stations around the country. That means the UK spends nearly £8 billion a year on the breaded snack, at an average cost of £2 per snack.
Professor Adisa Azapagic, from the School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, said:
‘Given that sandwiches are a staple of the British diet as well as their significant market share in the food sector, it is important to understand the contribution from this sector to the emissions of greenhouse gases.
‘For example, consuming 11.5 billion sandwiches annually in the UK generates, on average, 9.5 million tonnes of CO2 eq., equivalent to the annual use of 8.6 million cars.’
The results show the largest contributor to a sandwich’s carbon footprint is the agricultural production and processing of their ingredients. Depending on the type, this can account for around 37%-67% of CO2 eq. for ready-made sandwiches.
Keeping sandwiches chilled in supermarkets and shops also contributes to their carbon footprint. This can account for up to a quarter of their greenhouse gas emission equivalent. Then there is the packaging material which comes in at up to 8.5 % and, finally, transporting materials and refrigerating sandwiches themselves adds a further 4%.
The study concludes that the carbon footprint of the snacks could be reduced by as much as 50 per cent if a combination of changes were made to the recipes, packaging and waste disposal. The researchers also suggest extending sell-by and use-by dates to reduce waste.
Professor Azapagic, who also heads up the Sustainable Industrial Systems research group, added: ‘We need to change the labelling of food to increase the use-by date as these are usually quite conservative. Commercial sandwiches undergo rigorous shelf-life testing and are normally safe for consumption beyond the use-by date stated on the label.’
The BSA also estimate that extending the shelf life of sandwiches by relaxing such dates would help save at least 2000 tonnes of sandwich waste annually.
The study also recommends reducing or omitting certain ingredients that have a higher carbon footprint, like lettuce, tomato, cheese and meat. Reducing ingredients, such as cheese and meat, would also reduce the amount of calories eaten, contributing towards healthier lifestyles.
###
Reference: The paper, Understanding the impact on climate change of convenience food: Carbon footprint of sandwiches by Namy Espinoza-Orias, Adisa Azapagic; Sustainable Industrial Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, The University of Manchester was published in the Journal of Sustainable Production and Consumption https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2017.12.002
Simon says jump…again.
How much CO2 was generated in gathering all the information for this study, meetings, travel, calculations, publication, etc., a study which will have zero impact on sandwich making and consumption? Whatever it was, the net effect is an increase in CO2 emissions. Please stop doing these kinds of studies. Go back and play with your models. Don’t try to worry me about what might happen 100 years hence. I’m busy worrying about what might happen 100 minutes hence.
Bloviating and awfulizing are heavy emitters of CO2, driving us ever closer to doomsday. Better slap strict controls on lip-flapping.
In other news, environmentalists are proposing a CO2 tax on meat.
https://www.atr.org/enviros-push-meat-tax
So. The Warmists are capable of breaking down a detailed climate-cost for a ham sandwich … but cannot do the same calculation for a shiny new Tesla? Or average wind tower made from cheap Chinese steel? Or solar farm supplied by cheaply dumped Chinese solar panels ?
Ham sandwiches … yep. EXACTLY the mentality of the GLOBALIST warmists.
Kenji, climate alarmists cannot break down the cost of a ham sandwich anymore accuracy than they can climate change.
Nobody is going to even bother to check their asinine analyses.
Utter waste of resources to conduct this study.
Mark W, thank you for the link to that ATR article.
“The study also recommends reducing or omitting certain ingredients that have a higher carbon footprint, like lettuce, tomato, cheese and meat. ”
FFS, what is left to go into a sandwich? They have discovered that if you put nothing in a sandwich it has a smaller “carbon footprint”. WOW, Nobel peace prize is waiting.
Next they suggest removing the butter and half the bread. That would drastically improve things. Then they suggest starving to death, which is what they are really trying to get us to do.
Only removing half the bread, Greg? That’s optimistic of you 🙂
Hmm. Climate Nihilism: Everything in life must be rejected because it all causes global warming. When these extremes are reached, you know the end of the meme is near.
“End is near” like dessert maybe?
Just stop eating, because eating supports life, and life is bad. That goes for everything, even busy bees. They give off CO2, too. Bees should be ashamed of themselves. They already wear the hair shirt (all that fuzz) but they don’t self-flaggelate enough.
The beatings will continue until morale improves.
In this case the 1/4 pound breakfast sandwhich (1/8 Kilo) 125 grams produces 11 times the ammount of CO2 than the sandwhich weighs?
Next time I’m getting the 2fer
So basically a sandwhich should be Bread and Mayo
Only if the bread was baked at home from ingredients you harvested yourself, ground yourself and baked yourself using wood cut from trees growing outside your back door. Chicken Little anyone?
I always said the sky is falling to these guys.
Mayo contains eggs, so no mayo – just dry bread.
well at least these noble researchers can sleep well at night knowing that they done their bit to destroy capitalism and save the planet.
Good work guys, we need more like you !
/sarc
Dry bread? Drying bread takes energy. So does baking.
How about wheat sprouts instead?
How many carbon-spewing sandwiches = 1 private jet flying to Davos?
Try telling our prisoners that their diet has to change because of carbon restrictions. There will be prison riots all over the land.
They need to give everybody breath-rate monitors so everybody can constantly remember to moderate their breathing rate, thus decreasing CO2 emissions. Keeping out oxygen levels down will decrease our metabolic rate and save the planet. Passing out from low oxygen is even a plus as while passed out one does not generate much CO2.
Did I misread this? Did they just say that the least carbon intensive sandwich was a home made ham and cheese sandwich and then turn around and say ham was the most carbon intensive meat, and that meat and cheese should be eliminated to lower carbon intensiveness? Is there some sort of logic here that I missed?
I read it the same way as you, Tom O.
But The First law of global warming alarmism states that your arguments don’t need to be self consistent.
The Second law of global warming alarmism states that your arguments don’t need to be consistent with other global warming alarmists.
Consistent with the Second law, The Third law of global warming alarmism states that blaming something new on global warming makes it more likely to be published (this way all possible events ultimately get to be covered by global warming).
And I almost forgot. The ‘Zeroth’ law of global warming states, of course, that “It is worse than we thought”.
you know……these schools have run out of material….maybe we do know it all now
Latitude, I have cappocollo or prosciutto with apple-smoked cheddar. Which would you prefer?
dang!….I love both!!!
You planted the seed….I just made a ham sandwich for lunch……….
My wife made chicken salad sandwiches for my lunch.
And no, I’m not sharing.
Well , they’ve all had free sandwiches for the last year: it all went onto accounts are research materials.
who says there’s not such thing as a free lunch ?
I wondered just how long it would be until we had to start protecting sandwiches from these maniacs. Now I know.
#Sandiwchesmattermost!
These people really have nothing useful to do when they start something like this. What’s next? The cornbread I make to go with Tuscan bean soup? Am I going to be told to NOT make a healthy bowl of soup with chard or kale included using ingredients that are good for me because these layabouts in white coats have no real purpose in life, other than annoying the people whose taxes go into their grant moneys?
If they want my sandwiches, they can just molon labe! I doubt they’ll last five seconds, never mind five minutes.
I’m telling Mom, too.
Telling Mom!!!!! You’re really serious about this, aren’t you? 🙂
Damn straight, I am!
watch out for that tuscan bean soup it can be a methane producer
… “watch out for that tuscan bean soup it can be a methane producer” … try adding some caraway seed to keep it down to a dull roar.
This bunch of slackers in white lab coats have me on a roll. Next time, I’m making 15-bean soup with ham (ham bone if I can find one) and whopping big chunks of cornbread.
They are nutz. They serve no useful purpose. I will see if I can find a junkyard that will take them for a nominal fee.
I tell people I’m telling my teddy bear about the bad things they did to me, he sits on my bedside table and I’ve had him since I was a baby.
As for their research…..
Of the recipes considered, the most carbon-intensive variety is a ready-made ‘all-day breakfast’ sandwich which includes egg, bacon and sausage.
Is one of my favourites and this ain’t going to stop me having one when I want.
James Bull
7 Bean (Hobo) Stew
1 can white beans
1 can pork and beans
1 can kidney beans
1 can pinto beans
1 can black beans
1 can baked beans
1 can butter beans
2 cups favorite BBQ sauce
10 sausages (around 2 pounds) Polish, Italian (mild or spicy to your liking) Hot Link??
1 lb browned ground beef
6 strips of bacon browned and crumbled
1 onion chopped
Using a large slow cooker
Drain 1/2 of the liquid from the cans and pour remainder into the crock pot
Lightly Brown sausages (not thoroughly cooked), slice and place in pot
Cook bacon, crumble and place in pot
saute diced onion in Bacon Grease, add ground beef and brown/crumble beef
Add beef/onion mixture and all liquid contents to pot
Stir contants
Cover and cook over medium for 6 hours
Serve over rice
Can accompany with Biscuits or Cornbread if desired
BryanA, I’m going to try that!
It is actually really good, though I did forget to mention adding the BBQ sauce prior to cooking
And 1/2 tsp liquid smoke
Get rid of the soup as well. Those beans are racist!
Are they “has beans”
James Bull
They are suggesting that we omit lettuce, tomato, cheese and meat from sandwiches. What have we left to put in? Tuna? Otherwise we are left with just a bread stick, and aren’t carbohydrates meant to be bad for us as they upset the insulin balance?
And if we don’t eat sandwiches maybe we will have to stick to tofu and French fries.
No tuna! Remember, eating tuna results in dead dolphins, you don’t want that on your conscience, not only a bigger carbon footprint but killing lovable, brilliant cetaceans too!
PMK
They don’t kill dolphins anymore. That is why the tuna is so tasteless now
They say they don’t kill dolphins anymore, but can they back up that claim? I’ll bet they sell the delicious dolphin meat to sushi bars now…that would account for the lack of flavor in the canned tuna….
Almost all tuna in the USA came from San Diego. All the Tuna companies were headquartered there and the fleet was mostly Italian fisherman in Little Italy. Then came the dolphin free laws – which made fishing more dangerous for fisherman and caused insurance to go through the roof. They all shit down and now we get our “dolphin free” tuna from Indonesia – where I can be pretty sure that no one is really paying attention to whether dolphins are really dying – they just provide the logo.
“They all shit down”
That was pretty shitty for the fishermen.
Last time I checked, Tuna was meat. Just Bread and Mayo perhaps pickels too
No worries, it appears bacon is environmentally friendly…
Vegetarian and “Healthy” Diets Could Be More Harmful to the Environment
Carnegie Mellon Study Finds Eating Lettuce Is More Than Three Times Worse in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Than Eating Bacon
https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2015/december/diet-and-environment.html
GO BACON
Bacon wrapped Bacon sandwhich on Bacon Bread with Bacon Hananero sauce
YUMMMY
Bacon – hickory smoked, pan-fried to a nice, crisp finish, added to the bottom, middle and top layers of a classic bacon-lettuce-and tomato sammich on dark pumpernickel (hard to find around here) or 12-grain thick-sliced pan bread… or just put it all on a plate, fork it and down it goes.
But what about my BLT’s? A nearly balanced meal between 2 slices of bread and tastes good as well.
You will have to settle for
Bacon
Bacon
and
Bacon
Nix the BLT and have a BBB
No tuna if you are a woman of reproductive age. The mercury!
No french fries. They’re just carbohydrates coated in vegetable oil. You have to eat the vegetable oil neat now.
The number of people who will pay any attention to actually doing this will be 0.00000000001% (+/-)
I bet even they won’t.
Until the doogooders enact laws. As an example in California there is a proposal to put waiters behind bars for 6 months for the crime of giving a straw to a customer – even those eco paper straws.
California sucks in so many ways. Thank GOD I don’t and never will, live there.
Ironically banning straws was an attempt to counter the claim that California sucks !
You may all substitute large helpings of beans for sandwiches….until further notice.
just use the stairwell, not the lift. !!
Man who eat beans before church sit in own pew
These folks just gave me a clue about the origin of the old saying for someone who isn’t playing with a full deck: they are “one sandwitch short of a picnic”.
I’ve posted The Goons version of this before so here’s a different one for today
James Bull
Notice how the view of CO2 is always negative in these studies. If you want to locate the most important self and life sustaining material – it’s CO2. Trying to convince folks to change their lifestyle
and providing illiterate arguments like “one sandwich is worth 12 miles of gas powered travel” is just plain incompetent. Any conceivable reductions of CO2 WRT sandwiches is totally insignificant, as is this pointless study.
I’m going to make a special trip to Subway today. I’ll take the full size SUV and leave the compact car at home.
The sandwich tax could generate several more miles of high speed rail line for Jerry Brown.
Shhhhhh! They are everywhere.
Meanwhile, the first Earl of Sandwich no longer has a carbon footprint. So consider the alternative…
Actually, I prefer my sandwiches “de-constructed” (that is the correct SJW restaurant term isn’t it)
Nice bread roll with butter, some different cheeses and some quality ham (or other meat) on the side.
Bit of salad tossed in a separate bowl.
Every year I celebrate Earth Hour in terms of how wonderful is the bounty we enjoy and take for granted during our lives, such as energy delivered to our doorstep, being able to live in Canada (where 90% of the country would be uninhabitable for most of the population were it not for our wonderful power and transportation systems), AND going to the grocery store to buy a package of sliced ham, or Wendy’s for a burger and fries.
Instead of turning off all the power in my home for an hour on Earth Day, I turn ON all of the lights, interior and exterior, take a picture of the house from across the street, and send copies to my friends and colleagues. (with a note that marvels at all of the wonders of modern technology, engineering, and society).
Full disclosure: I’m a retired Field Development Petroleum Engineer. P.Eng. (Alberta)
Last time I even bothered about Earth hour, I set up 3600w of stage lighting in the back yard. (all the house circuits can take)
Pretty reds and blues. 🙂
disclosure….. . I have nothing to do with the coal, gas, oil industry except to use their products. 🙂
You should also fly on a chartered G6 (alone) to visit a fellow climate denier on a different continent.
I know of nobody who even knows about earth hour.
Just when you think they’ve jumped the shark, they find a bigger one to jump.
This reminds me of something you’d see in a vintage episode of Monty Python’s Flying Circus.
And in California a bill has been introduced in the state legislature to fine up to $1000 and imprison for up to 6 months, any waiter who brings an unrequested plastic straw with a drink.
I wonder if it is possible to somehow get all the crazies to live somewhere all together, so they do not bother the rest of us. California seems to be trying to put this into practice already. As someone else asked recently, forget about California seceding from the USA – is it possible for them to be ejected?
Good idea.
I nominate South Sandwich Islands.
You have to build an enclosure around the place they inhabit, walls too high for them to climb and leaning slightly inward, and no escape hatches, either.
No straws except on request, huh? Well, drinking straws are a necessary sanitary item, just like soap for used dishes. Without drinking straws, the possibility of transmitting nasty things like bad colds and mumps and the epizootic increase exponentially in the population. That means that, from now on, you’ll have to bring your own drinking vessel.
It includes the paper eco straws as well 6 months for any straw.
And so I always ask for two straws with every drink. If you ask they must bring.
They do. It’s called California.
In one of my biology courses, a scenario was outlined that began with a massive earthquake causing California to separate from the continent. I do not remember the point of the exercise (something about population demographics or genetics), but this kind of insanity makes me think that such an occurrence might not be such a bad thing. Clearly the legislature has already separated from reality and reason.
I have to wonder, is the problem the straw or that it was “unrequested”? The fact that a “requested” straw is apparently acceptable indicates that the bill is not really about straws at all…
At least not drinking straws.
No, it is about the straw that broke the camel’s back.
If I make my own bread, shoot the deer in my yard, raise the duck meat, the tomatoes, ect, would I win any points with the AGW crowd? No? Thought so.
Shoot the deer anyway. Otherwise, it will eat your vegetables.
Nine foot fence around the garden prevents that. Deer repellent in the winter helps save the trees. However, the darn things like to hang out on the east side of the house right under a window, lazing around. I figure they owe me one or two corpses when hunting season rolls around.
There was/is a school (for 5 to 11 year olds) somewhere here in England that recently took upon itself to police what the children brought in for their lunches. Obviously to impose ‘good health’
Kids of that age cab be ‘determined little critters’ and the story went of one young lad who brought a sausage roll to school in his bait-box intended for lunch.
Oh he11 no. Verboten. The offending sausage roll was confiscated.
Of course, hapless kid is left with nothing for lunch so the education brain boxes that we now employ presented the young lad with a ham sandwich – to replace the sausage roll.
Much healthier innit
Let analyse this..
Sausage roll = pastry (wheat flour combined with fat) wrapped around some precessed meat
Ham sandwich = wheat flour (to make the bread), fat (margarine or butter) of some sort and then some processed meat (the actual ham) slapped in the middle.
Exactly the same ingredients so how precisely is one of those recipes healthier than the other?
Even worse is the ‘ham’ in the sandwich = a nice pink colour brought on by the use of nitrites – the new bogey men of human nutrition.
And the people who call themselves ‘teachers’ actually pulled off this blinding feat of intelligence then, at going-home time, gave the kid his sausage roll back.
Awww hark at me, I’ve just worked it out – we’ve a new Donald Trump here ain’t we?
It was device used by the kid to get a free lunch.
beautiful
From the article: “Altogether the team looked at 40 different sandwich types, recipes and combinations.”
Good God!
Once you do the basic math for the ingredients, additional sandwich types are a few minutes at most.
This one study may have broken the logjam in Brexit negotiations. Let them leave at no cost and we won’t look back.
It was fun while it lasted and further research on other foods is needed.
Consider that the materials in a fried egg and bacon sandwich are mostly of local origin, and are fairly dense, so have low air miles for transportation. Now consider your bowl of cornflakes – ignoring any plastic toys. Materials imported from the corn producing states of the USA several thousand miles to the processing centre in the UK, ground up, liquefied and flattened and then dried to produce a very low density material, which needs very large boxes to contain 1 kg (you could probably get 10 kg or perhaps even 20 kg of sandwiches in the same sized box) and then transported a fair distance to somewhere else in the UK for you to buy, needing large lorries to carry a small load because of the low density. At least the milk is fairly high density, bing mostly water, and if you sprinkle sugar on it – it is only a small amount – it is local from the sugar beet fields of East Anglia, or wherever.
I reckon that the fried egg and bacon sandwich beats the cornflakes hands down in the amount of beneficial fat, protein and vitamins, not to say the low air miles and cost, compared to the minimal amount of carbohydrate of the cornflakes, negligible vitamins (unless processed high vitamin milk) and small amount of carbohydrate of the added sugar.
And remember that all carbohydrates are broken down in the body to sugars – I quote from
Wikipaedia:
“Although humans consume a variety of carbohydrates, digestion breaks down complex carbohydrates into a few simple monomers for metabolism: glucose, fructose, and galactose.[4] Glucose constitutes about 80% of the products, and is the primary structure that is distributed to cells in the tissues, where it is broken down or stored as glycogen.[3][4] In aerobic respiration, the main form of cellular respiration used by humans, glucose and oxygen are metabolized to release energy, with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.[2] Most of the fructose and galactose travel to the liver, where they can be converted to glucose.[4]”
So there!
Even better, eat the fried eggs and bacon and forget the bread.
I think the creator of the study just really likes sandwiches and figured out how to get someone else to pay for them.
Other than the meat, most sandwich ingredients sequestered carbon dioxide.
A good point. Same logic that deforests for wood chip powered generation. Mind you I think meat should be included; but a complex issue.
Meat sequesters CO2 as well, just not as directly or as efficiently.
Not that there is any reason to sequester CO2.
“Not that there is any reason to sequester CO2”. Not only is carbon sequestered, but so is oxygen.
Two for the price of one.
I wonder what the climate impact of climate studies is.
Condider the whole production chain – building the factory/university, then administering it, raising and training the academics for 20-30 years, the carbon costs of having people (awash with carbon!) doing the research and so on.
This would have a much greater impact than store-bought sandwiches!
Let’s fix this and start by removing thr people (carbon sinks!) From the universities, beginning if course with the climate researchers 😀
I support this idea. I thought of it, too, but in order to be all-encompassing and all-inclusive, you must include the carbon footprint of the crowd of people who support them but do not comply with the whole carbon reduction thing on a day-to-day basis.
I submit cheerfully that by investigating the carbon generated by their use of computers, commuting whether by POV, bus, train or cab or walking, use of the very things they excoriate in others (fridges, furnaces, electricity, for examples), and an endless list of examples that expose their apostasy, we can easily demonstrate that not only are they adding exponentially to the carbon load in the atmosphere; they are also engaging in what appears to be fraudulent behavioral posturing and demands for more money for silly brain fart exercises.
They should first have all their computers taken away from them and learn to use pencils and paper and their brains. There are other things that follow, but that’s a start. And no sandwiches for them, either. Eat the sandwiches right in front of them, or the mandarin beef with rice and egg rolls, and take them to task if they aren’t eating stone-cold tofu, no flavoring allowed.
If you wander about the web you will find various internet forums where questions come up like “What can I do personally to help combat global warming?”
It’s quite entertaining to engage with these as with a bit of careful banter you can get the point across that instead of giving up meat and cycling to work they will make a massively bigger contribution if they stop going on holiday abroad and get themselves castrated/sterilized. Then ask them if they will commit to doing these 2 things.Can be very funny!
Excellent!
OH, yes – please!!! Have your politicians/environtmentalists spay and neutered. I wrote an article on that a while back, posted elsewhere. Make sure they have all their shots, that they’re dewormed and possibly declawed, and also make sure they are ear-tipped and microchipped. Perhaps tattooed on the inside of one leg, or the upper lip like they do with racehorses?
And the bread, you know that stuff is made to rise with CO2 bubbles !
Should we switch to unleavened bread for sandwiches ?
I don’t know about that. I use crackers for a lot of things. And flatbread is THE oldest food item in use by humans, going back 10,000 years or maybe further. There’s also something they used to call hardtack which now comes in many flavors and sizes as Krisp flatbreads.
Maybe we should use the Host wafers from Sunday communion? Before or after the Blessing? (Was that naughty of me?)
Say 3 Hail Marys, please.
2 our fathers
and do the stations of the cross
When I was 4, I thought people were saying ‘And with a carrot’. But now, it should be let us go forth for pizzas.
I will make them a carbon-free sandwich. It will consist only of air.
I tried determining the amount of CO2 produced by driving a car 12 miles, and I think 1441 grams is erroneously low, more like driving a car 7 miles. I figure that if a car that gets 40 MPG is driven 12 miles while burning gasoline with a density of .719 g/ml and a chemical formula oversimplified to (CH2)n, the amount of CO2 produced is nearly 2600 grams.
Some of the combustion results in the production of carbon monoxide (CO), so that may be why you think the value is low.
Not if the car is properly tuned, and little if any of what is produced by the engine will survive the trip through the catalytic converter.
Not to mention unburned VoCs, NOx, and black carbon.
Gasoline is a blend of a number of different molecules. Not to mention some additives put in by the refiner.
I don’t think you are using the VW software correctly. If you do, it will come out quite a bit lower than expected. 🙂
Do I need the sarc tag?
SteveT
I would like to think that this is a student prank; but suspect not; being an example of current university “SatanicCO2 Meme Groupthink” now gone viral in our educational establishments. Heaven help us and more importantly our children. Mental stress — Here we come if we take this seriously.
PS: Exercise produces extra CO2. – Well known fact. Cyclists produce about 15 g/ kilometre. Now that IS something to worry about.😙🤥
I guess the tacos got off light today. But not for long Pedro.