This is strange. Usually we see the geomagnetic Ap Index increase with increasing sunspots and 10.7 cm radio flux. But the Ap index (the third graph below) has crashed to the third lowest level since January 2000, matching what it was a year ago. This is the second month of decline, and the decline is steep.
Maybe Livingston and Penn are right and while sunspots may still occur, they’ll be mostly invisible to observers due to low magnetic flux. This may be what happened during the Maunder Minimum.



Here’s the L&P plots of Umbral Intensity and Magnetic Field. Once the Umbral magnetic field gets below 1500 gauss, sunspots will no longer be visible.
Graphs from Dr. Leif Svalgaard – Click the pic to view at source
Be sure to bookmark WUWT’s Solar reference page: http://wattsupwiththat.com/reference-pages/solar/
What happens if the Solar minimum is prolonged (The Livingston and Penn Minimum?)….the oceans cool….oceans absorb more CO2 (cold water is a better CO2 sink than warm)….what happens when Mauna Loa has to report a downward trend in CO2 ppm? Somebody please tell me these are good honest scientists and not part of “the team”.
Atmospheric CO2 follows warming and not the other way around…how many good scientist will this vindicate?
Where’s Leif when you need him? Probably rubbing his chin and going “hmm…”
@ur momisugly Dennis Nikols, It is based mostly on observations of the sun not models of the sun. There is a bunch of speculation of what it all could mean.
The big difference is that nobody is saying that the science is settled here or calling anybody a denier.
Holocene temperatures started an overall downtrend about 2000 years ago. The medieval warm period was not as warm as the Roman warm period. The Roman warm period was not as warm as the Minoan warm period. The current warm period has not yet been as warm as the medieval warm period. Each warm period is a little cooler than the previous. Each intervening cold period has been a little cooler than the previous with the LIA being a doozy, the coldest period of the Holocene since the Younger Dryas. I would say that the Holocene began ending about 2000 years ago.
I am guessing that the very quick slip into glaciation has to do with the oceans or cloud cover. To slip into glaciation in a period of only a fraction of a century … well within the lifetime of a human being … means something had to reach a very dramatic “tipping” point from which it was impossible to recover. The coming out of these ice ages is extremely fast as well, faster than the going into them. Most of the warming out of the Younger Dryas happened in a single decade. Places that had been tundra were suddenly temperate savannah and then seedling forest in the span of one human’s lifetime.
People have no idea of the scale of thing nature can dish out (or absorb). I’ll tell you what this looks like to me: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Five_Myr_Climate_Change.svg
It looks to me like two frequencies beating against each other that are very close but not exactly the same. So imagine we have a 100K orbital dynamics cycle here with earth and imagine the sun also has a 100K cycle (say active for 10K years on average, quiet for roughly 90K years). But imagine the two are not exactly the same period. They are close, but not quite. Now imagine that one or the other cycle has a little drift … it is slowly changing. Ever “zero beat” a carrier with a radio? As you begin to drift onto the frequency you hear a faint high pitch and as you get closer the frequency drops and becomes stronger. That graph reminds me of that. The frequency of the oscillation is becoming lower but greater in amplitude. If this is what is happening the frequency will shift again, to an even lower frequency with an even more pronounced extreme difference until the cycles line up perfectly in either a very long, very warm period or a very long, very cold period and only very slowly flip a few times between extremely cold and extremely warm, then begin to increase a bit a the drift continues and they lose sync.
I am not putting forth a hypothesis of what I think is happening, only giving a cartoon picture of what that signal reminds me of. It reminds me of what one might see on an oscilloscope measuring the audio as they zero beat one frequency with another. It looks to me like two signals of slightly different frequency where one is drifting toward the other and we are looking at the result.
Incandescatrons
.
Shedding light on Mysteron darkness – apologies to Mr Anderson
I often look at the SOHO sun pictures and note the apparent size of spots is very much smaller than sunspots on the previous peak yet they assign the same number value. Is there an archive of actual pictures, not graphics, of sunpots at different cycles?
Re the opening comment link: anyone who can write “is the Sun is” gets a look in not.
Polar fields not only are not reversing but for the last 12 months have been heading in the wrong direction:
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/LFC6.htm
Tim C has put up a post this morning which may help shed some light:
http://tallbloke.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/looks-like-we-are-at-solar-max/
Looks to me like it is doing the same thing now it did in 2008 according to this picture:
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/PF-latest.gif
Leif Svalgaard says:
December 6, 2011 at 7:37 pm
But the Ap index (the third graph below) has crashed to the third lowest level since January 2000
It is low, BUT
1) it is almost always low in November-December [there is a reason for that – mainly the semiannual variation]
Is there an idiots explanation why it didn,t in 2006 ?
@crosspatch says:
December 6, 2011 at 11:26 pm
/////////////////////////////////////////////
Crosspatch
You have to bear in mind that the average temperature of the ocean is about 4 deg Cs. This relatively low temperature comes back to bite relatively quickly if for example there is more cloud cover reducing the solar radiance inputted into the tropiclcal oceans.
It is important to bear in mind that after about 4.5 billion years of solar input, this has only managed to heat the oceans to an average temperature of about 4 deg C and it is because of this that in the geological past ice ages seem to dominate past history, If the average ocean temperature was say 15 degs, I would suggest that ice ages extending over a large area of the land mass would be very rare since ocean temperatures would tend to a;ways keep warm winds circulating.
I consider that there are strong arguments that suggest that it is not correct to consider that the Earth is 33degC warmer with its atmosphere/GHGs than would be the case if GHGs were removed. These arguments would sugggest that some weighting should be given to reflect that the average ocean temperature is only about 4 degC . In other words, these arguments suggest that we should review the average temperature of the Earth over a period of say a billion years and it is this average temperature against which comparisons should be made noyt against its present average temperature which present temperature is no more than a blip in the context of geological time..
This report only goes to show that we know less than we thought about the sun. Solar cycles that we know about are perhaps of up to 200 year rotation, longer cycles that may include the behavour we are currently seeing, are not in the text books.
We live in interesting times. Now all eyes are on the sun for the next surprise.
“Shocked Scientists Ask: Is The Sun Is Dying?”
I’ve read many articles about changes in solar activity, including emissions of a newly discovered particle that alters radioactive decay on Earth. But, seldom have I seen such overhyped, sensationalistic writing about scientific subjects–except, of course, for climate science.
“I think that because the Sun is losing its magnetism, the tides are weaker (there is lots of iron in ocean water so under normal circumstances, a higher magnetic reading on the surface of the Sun helps the tides), therefore the sloshed warm water in the western tropics doesn’t have the strong tides it needs to go back over the cold water underneath, leaving it exposed and cooling us all off. So the Sun has been directly affecting the ocean surface, leading to the cooling trend.”
Could I have a side order of data/evidence to go with that theory? Perhaps a graph showing a correlation between the average height of the tides and the smoothed AP index? Perhaps a computation showing that the field strength of the sun, modulated by and mixed with the field of the earth, is powerful enough to exert a measurable force on an iron atom immersed in seawater? Perhaps a comparison of the energy of the iron atom in the solar field to kT, plus some argument for why a force acting on iron atoms in a dilute solution would actually affect the background fluid instead of differentially (and slowly!) migrating in the direction of the force, a direction that constantly changes and averages out to zero on a daily basis?
Not that I don’t love theories and hypotheses, but this one doesn’t seem to me offhand to be likely to be physically plausible within many orders of magnitude. I’d be happy to look at numbers or back-of-the-envelope computations that suggest otherwise, of course.
rgb
So the sun is behaving strange, maybe that is the reason fot the extreme temperatures in Europe?
No snow in the alps untill December 5: too hot,
Almost no snow in Scandinavia, too hot
Autumn never hotter than in 2011 in northern Sweden and northern Norway + series of station records.
Extreme late snow in Sweden in November, up to 25th all stations without snow, never occurred before.
2nd warmest November in UK.
More counties in Europe will follow publicing about the hot autumn and hot November.
Of course this has nothing to do with greenhouse gases.
The map with average temperatures in Sweden:
http://www.smhi.se/polopoly_fs/1.19037!image/1111temperaturavvikelse.png_gen/derivatives/fullSizeImage/1111temperaturavvikelse.png
Bloke down the pub says:
December 7, 2011 at 2:33 am
“1) it is almost always low in November-December [there is a reason for that – mainly the semiannual variation]”
Is there an idiots explanation why it didn,t in 2006 ?
Yes, occasionally, but rarely, there is a very large magnetic storm, which can happen any time, and did: http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=22778
Scorle says:
December 7, 2011 at 3:31 am
All the cold weather moved to the USA, leaving the warmer air form southern Europe to move north and keep us all warm.
@WUWT
> … sunspots and 10.7cm radio flux up,
> but the solar magnetic Ap index crashes
Anthony, I know you’re a journalist, and you want to attract the reader’s attention, but I think your title is a bit hyped up.
The Ap index is not a direct measure of solar activity (like sunspots or flux). It is a geomagnetic index which reflects small fluctuations (on the order of 1nt to 500nt) in the Earth’s magnetic field (nominal 50,000nt).
Yes, solar activity has a very big influence on the Ap, but the coupling between Sun and Earth is complicated. And there is a lot of geophysics going on here too which has an effect on the Ap.
So it’s a bit simplistic to blame this Ap decline entirely on the Sun. I suspect there are other ‘sensitivity coefficients’ lurking in the background which may further explain it.
“It is important to bear in mind that after about 4.5 billion years of solar input, this has only managed to heat the oceans to an average temperature of about 4 deg C and it is because of this that in the geological past ice ages seem to dominate past history, If the average ocean temperature was say 15 degs, I would suggest that ice ages extending over a large area of the land mass would be very rare since ocean temperatures would tend to a;ways keep warm winds circulating.”
Yes, but… Water attains its greatest density at 4C. The ocean is clearly first order stratified by density. With large portions of the northern and southern oceans spending large amounts of the year at temperatures at or lower than 4C, there is a constant replenishment (and the complex “conveyer belt” associated with both thermal density and salinity that appears to drive both oceanic currents and heat transport). The time required for the ocean to just come into “equilibrium” in a uniform environment is order of 1000 years, and the environment itself is not stationary over that kind of time frame.
If water attained its greatest density at 0C, the oceans would freeze from the bottom up, not the top down (coldest water, greatest pressure, on the bottom). The Earth would be a big ball of ice. Because it stratifies with the warmest water on top and the depths UNfrozen, and freezes only on the surface (where it does freeze), heat transport never shuts down, the annual temperature variations are limited to around 1 km from the surface, and 90% of the ocean remains very cold, wrapped as it were in insulation from upwelling geothermal heat below and relatively untouched by surface warming.
I suspect that the ocean is very susceptible to negative feedback cooling. Even modest increases in Arctic and Antarctic ice strongly increase the albedo and prevent the active delivery of solar energy into the region above the thermocline. Combatting that is active transport of heat, but the Younger Dryas suggests that any century-scale interruption of the transport can kick us back to millennium-scale cooling even when all other factors favor interglacial warmth.
This is indeed one of the 800 pound gorillas that CAGW folks don’t want to even think about. We do not know all of the factors that regulate global climate, however much they wish to pretend that we do. The Earth is almost certainly possesses multiple locally stable attractors and is capable of what amount to first order phase transitions between them, periods where things relatively suddenly swing from one phase to the other, and such fluctuations can even occur when the strict statistical mechanics favor the other attractor(s). The most important climate catastrophe we can foresee, the one we should be most worried about, is the end of the Holocene. Lacking an explanatory model capable of explaining T_avg for the last (say) 5 million years or hell, the last 15,000 years, one is stuck with numerology, which suggests that the chances that we are within 1000 years of the end of the Holocene are well over 50% at this point (order of 80-90% based on maximum ignorance). This, in turn, suggests that there is very likely a gradually emerging cold phase attractor, and the warm phase system is increasingly unstable with respect to it.
The relatively rapid emergence of a cold phase (beginning of the next ice age) would probably kill several billion people in depressingly short order. CAGW enthusiasts are asserting that there is yet a third locally stable attractor, one with T_avg some 3-10C warmer (where the latter is really highly speculative and rather unlikely based on the 5 MY temperature record). The transition to that attractor might well kill people as well, but probably not kill billions of people quickly (barring that 10C extreme). What it might also do is stabilize temperatures and reduce our vulnerability a cold phase transition.
rgb
richard verney says:
December 7, 2011 at 2:40 am
It is important to bear in mind that after about 4.5 billion years of solar input, this has only managed to heat the oceans to an average temperature of about 4 deg C and it is because of this that in the geological past ice ages seem to dominate past history,
I seem to remember reading that there was a time some hundreds of millions of years ago when the ocean was a lot warmer all the way to the bottom. According to paleo work on marine fossils. I’ll try to find a reference.
Your point about the Earth’s average temperature is well taken.
I was wondering, not to get off topic, but does anybody think this drop in the Ap Index will allow for this incredulous regime of the current + Arctic Oscillation associated with the near record low 30-70 mb stratospheric temperatures to finally start waning? I believe Scorle covered the implications of this +AO regime, Late Snows/warm Temps in Mid Latitudes except maybe siberia / recently the U.S. West Coast/Upper Plains. Chicago is going to be in the top 5 latest accumulating snows ever as well, I believe. Will the rubber band snap back?
Cosmic ray count is increasing http://cosmicrays.oulu.fi/webform/query.cgi?startdate=1964/11/07&starttime=00:00&enddate=2011/12/07&endtime=17:15&resolution=Automatic%20choice&picture=on It has done that before at a SS maximum only to fall off again, so this may not mean anything. However it bears watching.
As was predicted the La Nina and warm Atlantic are producing a warm east coast in the US and a warm Europe due to the circulation of air from lower latitudes. The AO was nasty to Europe last winter, but appears to be kinder this one.
too funny!
I confess. Love playing Balderdash. Absolutely love that game. But throw out the cards it comes with. Too easy. It’s much more fun to play Warming Theories Balderdash.