Antarctic Ice shelf collapse – "worse than we thought"

Researchers Provide Detailed Picture of Ice Loss Following Collapse of Antarctic Ice Shelves

An international team of researchers has combined data from multiple sources to provide the clearest account yet of how much glacial ice surges into the sea following the collapse of Antarctic ice shelves.

The work by researchers at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), the Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at the University of Toulouse, France, and the University of Colorado’s National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colo., details recent ice losses while promising to sharpen future predictions of further ice loss and sea level rise likely to result from ongoing changes along the Antarctic Peninsula.

disintegration of Larsen B ice shelf The Larsen B ice shelf began disintegrating around Jan. 31, 2002. Its eventual collapse into the Weddell Sea remains the largest in a series of Larsen ice shelf losses in recent decades, and a team of international scientists has now documented the continued glacier ice loss in the years following the dramatic event. NASA’s MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) captured this image on Feb. 17, 2002. (Credit: MODIS, NASA’s Earth Observatory) › Larger image

“Not only do you get an initial loss of glacial ice when adjacent ice shelves collapse, but you get continued ice losses for many years — even decades — to come,” says Christopher Shuman, a researcher at UMBC’s Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Shuman is lead author of the study published online July 25 in the Journal of Glaciology. “This further demonstrates how important ice shelves are to Antarctic glaciers.”

An ice shelf is a thick floating tongue of ice, fed by a tributary glacier, extending into the sea off a land mass. Previous research showed that the recent collapse of several ice shelves in Antarctica led to acceleration of the glaciers that feed into them. Combining satellite data from NASA and the French space agency CNES, along with measurements collected during aircraft missions similar to ongoing NASA IceBridge flights, Shuman, Etienne Berthier, of the University of Toulouse, and Ted Scambos, of the University of Colorado, produced detailed ice loss maps from 2001 to 2009 for the main tributary glaciers of the Larsen A and B ice shelves, which collapsed in 1995 and 2002, respectively.

'flyover' view of the Larsen Ice Shelf The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA) provides this “flyover” view of the Larsen Ice Shelf’s long reach out into the Weddell Sea. (Credit: LIMA)

› Larger image

“The approach we took drew on the strengths of each data source to produce the most complete picture yet of how these glaciers are changing,” Berthier said, noting that the study relied on easy access to remote sensing information provided by NASA and CNES. The team used data from NASA sources including the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments and the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat).

The analysis reveals rapid elevation decreases of more than 500 feet for some glaciers, and it puts the total ice loss from 2001 to 2006 squarely between the widely varying and less certain estimates produced using an approach that relies on assumptions about a glacier’s mass budget.

The authors’ analysis shows ice loss in the study area of at least 11.2 gigatons (11.2 billion tons) per year from 2001 to 2006. Their ongoing work shows ice loss from 2006 to 2010 was almost as large, averaging 10.2 gigatons (10.2 billion tons) per year.

An animation showing ice edge changes for the Larsen B ice shelf and its adjacent tributary glaciers can be viewed at http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?3803.


Related Links

› Larsen B Ice Front Changes 2001-2009 (NASA SVS)

› Animation of Larsen B collapse (NASA Earth Observatory)

› Before and after Larsen A comparison (NASA SVS)


Goddard Release No. 11-046

=========================================================

UPDATE: The press liaison at NSDIC wrote to complain about  the “worse than we thought” title.

Dear Mr. Watts,

We noted that you republished a NASA/NSIDC press release regarding a new Journal of Glaciology paper. In the headline of your post, the phrase “worse than we thought” is in quotation marks. This makes it appear as if it is a quote from the press release, and a statement by the researchers. We request that you remove the quotation marks so that it is clearer that this is your headline.

NASA and NSIDC scientists are always willing to grant interviews to journalists if you have questions about their research.

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

Katherine Leitzell Science Communications National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences 449 University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309

I replied:

Dear Ms. Leitzell

The “worse than we thought” is a cliché that reverberates through the climate science community and is well understood by my readers. It is a satirical statement, intending to convey the oft repeated science by press release position that climate change is an escalating series of alarming press releases, each worse that the other.

Quotation marks also serve to delineate a satirical statement, and is often visualized in person by the person taking two fingers (index and middle) and bending them. It has also been described as being a snowclone in the vein of.

X is  “worse than we thought”.

Thus, since satire is protected by free speech, and this is a fair use application of a publicly funded study and press release, the headline stands. I will however make a footnote at the bottom of the story stating that NSIDC has complained, and the title are my satirical words. You should know that the press release is not being well received. http://tomnelson.blogspot.com/2011/07/antarctic-ice-allegedly-declining-at.html

Thank you for your consideration.

Anthony Watts

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Gneiss
July 26, 2011 3:38 pm

More from Vaughn 2008 not rejecting the “so-called Mercer hypothesis”:
“Indeed, all of the elements of the positive-feedback cycle that would, according to Mercer, lead inexorably to collapse, have now been observed on Pine Island Glacier: thinning of the ice shelf, inland migration of the grounding line, acceleration of the main trunk of the glacier, and thinning rates on the interior basins. In short, if 30 years ago Mercer and his colleagues had described the changes they would have expected as diagnostic of emergent collapse, this is the list that they might have written. Furthermore, the recently observed changes are occurring in the area of WAIS – precisely the area considered to be most vulnerable to collapse. Mercer himself noted that unlike, the Weddell and Ross sea sectors which drain through ~500-km wide ice shelves, the Amundsen Sea sector has only narrow ice shelves that might provide less buffering against collapse. Also, the Amundsen Sea sector rests on a deep bed and comparatively little thinning would be required cause widespread floating of previously grounded ice sheet. The Amundsen Sea sector was, perhaps over-dramatically, described by Hughes (1981), as “the weak underbelly of West Antarctica”. At least from the presently available observational evidence, an emergent collapse of this portion of WAIS seems distinctly more likely, than it did just 5 years ago when IPCC began their last (the third) assessment.”

Gneiss
July 26, 2011 3:48 pm

Hector M writes,
“it appears indeed that Greenland has been losing ice in net terms, at least in a few years around 2000, but not Antarctica.”
Greenland experienced record ice loss in 2010. Recent studies describe Antarctic mass loss as well.
Rignot et al. (2008) Nature Geoscience,
“In East Antarctica, small glacier losses in Wilkes Land and glacier gains at the mouths of the Filchner and Ross ice shelves combine to a near-zero loss of 4±61 Gt yr-1. In West Antarctica, widespread losses along the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas increased the ice sheet loss by 59% in 10 years to reach 132±60 Gt yr-1 in 2006. In the Peninsula, losses increased by 140% to reach 60±46 Gt yr-1 in 2006. Losses are concentrated along narrow channels occupied by outlet glaciers and are caused by ongoing and past glacier acceleration. Changes in glacier flow therefore have a significant, if not dominant impact on ice sheet mass balance.”
Chen et al. (2009) Nature Geoscience,
“Here we use an extended record of GRACE data spanning the period April 2002 to January 2009 to quantify the rates of Antarctic ice loss. In agreement with an independent earlier assessment4, we estimate a total loss of 19077 Gt yr-1, with 13226 Gt yr-1 coming from West Antarctica. However, in contrast with previous GRACE estimates, our data suggest that East Antarctica is losing mass, mostly in coastal regions, at a rate of -5752 Gt yr-1, apparently caused by increased ice loss since the year 2006.”

HaroldW
July 26, 2011 4:11 pm

Consider the estimated 10 Gtonnes of Antarctic glacial ice loss per year. That sounds like a lot, doesn’t it? Well, it is. But take it in context. As klem pointed out earlier, that translates to 10 cubic km of meltwater. Spread that meltwater over the 360 million square km of ocean. All things being equal, those 10 Gtonnes per year would cause a rise in sea level of 0.3 cm — about 0.1 inch — per *century*.
It’s far less than the loss in Greenland glaciers, which has been estimated at 200 to 300 Gtonnes per year. And even that doesn’t add up to much sea level rise.

rbateman
July 26, 2011 4:17 pm

How absolutely insulting. This ice shelf/glacier on the peninsula is supposed to do what, grow until it reaches Tierra Del Fuego? If that’s the case, the article is bemoaning that Earth isn’t going straight down the frozen slope into the Ice Age, and it’s all your fault for using energy.

pk
July 26, 2011 4:20 pm

two things:
if you squeeze an ice cube with a c clamp it will melt faster and deform with additional pressure until it fractures.
there is an occurance where if a piece of metal has a tiny bit of the protective covering removed a bit of corrosion forms and moves away by the circumstances (for the engineers among us see fretting corrosion) this continues until the circumstances are changed or until a pocket is formed where the corrosion bits have gone away.
just for grits i wonder if there are large pockets between the lower surface of the ice and the ground that the glaciers are resting on that have “gone away” and are throwing the learned calculations off.
C

R. Gates
July 26, 2011 4:20 pm

I find it absolutely amazing that anyone would be confused about whether or not, taken as a whole, both Antarctica and Greenland are losing mass. This reminds me of those who want to argue as to whether CO2 is a greenhouse gas or not. Please do some reading folks, if you really want to understand what’s going on. This is not an issue of attribution at all, but simply knowing the facts so you can at least speak intelligently on the issue. Suggest you begin here:
http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/files/calottes-fondent.pdf
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2011/2011GL047879.shtml
ftp://soest.hawaii.edu/coastal/Climate%20Articles/Greenland%20melting%20acceleration%20Bevis%202010.pdf
ftp://soest.hawaii.edu/coastal/Climate%20Articles/Greenland%20melting%20acceleration%20Bevis%202010.pdf
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI3482.1
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.U34A..01Z

Gary Hladik
July 26, 2011 4:39 pm

Assuming ice shelf breakup leads to faster glacial flow and a new ice shelf, then won’t the glacial flow decelerate again when the new shelf has formed? Presumably “all this has happened before and will happen again”, as they put it on TV’s “Battlestar Galactica” (the 21st Century version).
So this story is basically a big yawn.

Matt G
July 26, 2011 4:44 pm

renewable guy says:
July 26, 2011 at 2:14 pm
The rate of increased sea levels are declining over the decades so this contradicts the increasing loss in glaciers. The Antarctic glacier loss quoted with data from the gravity project estimation would result in much bigger yearly sea level rises than detected so far. (300Gtons) I have read a while ago about this gravity method being poor and not reflecting reality. This is a very good example so I wouldn’t have too much faith in this data.
Regarding sea ice, the Arctic had a period of positive AO especially during the 1990’s and early 2000’s. This caused stronger oscillation and therefore winds circulating around the north pole with cooler temperatures, especially around Southern Greenland and Iceland for example. Yet the sea ice during this period was declining, but when the AAO has a positive period causing stronger oscillation apparantly caused by ozone (no conclusive evidence at all) this causes increased sea ice. Virtually anyone can see what a problem exists here with this big contradiction. Why isn’t there a big ozone hole over the Arctic when the AO was positive?
This then goes further, so we have cooler temperatures via positive AAO and stronger winds because this tends to increasingly cut off warmer air from the North. Yet we have supposed to be losing ice at an accelerated rate. Temperatures are remaining well below zero virtually all year, so what is causing this glacier loss in Antarctica if it exists at all? Are you suggesting it is becoming drier, as this wouldn’t make sense either with positive AAO?
Finally you have a cheap shot about AGW being dead from this gravity data period, that is less than supposingly too short a period where global temperatures have remained stable. None of these natural calving/collapsing episodes from Antarctica distinguish between AGW or GW or even GC.

Louis Hissink
July 26, 2011 4:48 pm

Pretty impressive ice-making machine down there – keeps overflowing – someone should turn the compressor down a fraz so not so much unnecessary spillage occurs – who knows, those expensive tourist boats might end up doing a Titanic, and Greenpeace might be able to hide behind one to sneak up on Japanese fishing vessels.

Montjoie
July 26, 2011 5:02 pm

I’m not a scientists by any stretch, so I could be way off. But shouldn’t the seas have gone up a bunch if this is true?

Gneiss
July 26, 2011 5:16 pm

Adriana Ortiz writes,
“Just wait another 2 weeks we can really rub it in the AGW’s.”
Help me out here, what do you predict that DMI graph will show in 2 weeks, so you can “really rub it in AGW’s”?
I don’t understand your other comments either, care to explain? I’ve looked at all the same graphs but apparently saw different things.
“Of course only trust Scandinavians when it comes to NH ice extent.”
Looks like RC is putting its foot in mouth again LOL!
So Antarctica is melting????
Pleeuuuuzzz!
Even pro AGW CT can’t hide i”
Personally, I predicted months ago on WUWT a NH extent minimum of 4.6. I’m still comfortable with that, What’s your guess?

John Robertson
July 26, 2011 5:42 pm

FLOATING ice shelfs won’t change the world’s water level at all even if all of them broke off. They are already displacing Their volume/mass of water. Watch a floating ice cube melt in a glass – measure the height of water before and after…quibblers may say that fresh water is lighter than salt water (ice being fresh water) but I doubt it would amount to much.

Gneiss
July 26, 2011 5:53 pm

John Trigge writes,
“As with most discussions regarding climate, we have all descended into school-yard taunts of “my scientists can beat up your scientists”, ‘Oh, yeah?”, etc, etc, etc with no chance of finding common ground or an agreed position.”
Where do you see that on this thread? It seemed relatively civilized, with newer studies getting cited to supercede older, as happens in science.

Brian
July 26, 2011 6:19 pm

It’s amazing that people will continue to ignore Gates evidence.
There is enough proof out there, but people want to continue in their own little fantasy land.

Mike Jowsey
July 26, 2011 6:23 pm

R. Gates – thank you for adding nothing to my understanding, just a snide comment. Typical of a troll. You link to a bunch of alarmist press clippings, not peer-reviewed papers. The first has a couple of interesting points:

They warned their 2100 figure can’t be considered a projection because of “considerable uncertainty in future acceleration of ice sheet mass loss.”

Because the study covers less than 2 decades of data it is not at all surprising that this caveat is appended.

“That ice sheets will dominate future sea level rise is not surprising — they hold a lot more ice mass than mountain glaciers,” said Rignot, also a researcher at the University of California, Irvine. “What is surprising is this increased contribution by the ice sheets is already happening.”

So why is the rate of sea level rise decelerating? In his recent paper, P.J. Watson includes the following in his conclusion (emphasis mine):

The longest continuous Australasian records, Fremantle and Auckland, situated on the western and eastern periphery of the Oceania region, respectively, exhibit remarkably similar trends in the relative 20-year moving average water level time series after 1920. Both time series show a rise in mean sea level of approximately 120 mm between 1920 and 2000 with strong correlation (R2 ≥ 0.93) to fitted second-order polynomial trendlines that reflect a tendency toward a general slowing in the rise of mean sea level (or deceleration) over time on the order of 0.02–0.04 mm/y2. The Fort Denison water level time series after 1940 similarly reflects a decelerating trend in sea level rise at a rate of 0.04 mm/y2 based on a strongly correlated fit (R2 = 0.974) to the second-order polynomial function.
This decelerating trend was also evident in the detailed analysis of 25 U.S. tide gauge records longer than 80 years in length (Dean and Houston, pers. comm.) and a general 20th century deceleration, driven predominantly by the negative inflexions around 1960 evident in many global records, are well noted in the literature (Douglas, 1992; Holgate, 2007; Woodworth, 1990; Woodworth, Menédez, and Gehrels, pers. comm.).

July 26, 2011 6:56 pm

dtbronzich wrote:
Physically, this isn’t very different from loading up one end of a cheap paper plate with too much potato salad, eventually, something’s got to give.
Except in the case of the dropped potato salad, it’s a terrible waste. The normal calving of ice, not so much…

July 26, 2011 7:00 pm

R. Gates,
I’m not so sure about Greenland losing ice; measurements of the ice sheet height, corrected for isostatic rebound, show the “spatially averaged increase is 5.4 cm per year over the study area”. That includes the edges which are losing ice, and the center which is gaining ice.
Seems Greenland is getting thicker in the middle (like many of us as we age), and it more than compensates for the losses on the edge.

AusieDan
July 26, 2011 7:25 pm

I have a clever solution to the dreadful news that the glassiers are losing ALL their ice.
Let’s build a large concrete wall complelely around Anartica to keep whatever small remenents of the former ice glory safe, while we turn the refrigerator down really low.
But that takes time.
so we need a very large, high, strong wall so any visiting polar bears can sleep safely tonight.
And yes, I am serious, just as serious as our dear green government is to save the world.
Come on Ausies – we can do it all by ourselves if we try.
We Ausies always punch beyond our weight (so to speak).

July 26, 2011 7:34 pm

@- Mike Jowsey says:
July 26, 2011 at 6:23 pm
“So why is the rate of sea level rise decelerating? In his recent paper, P.J. Watson includes the following in his conclusion (emphasis mine):”…
It might be unwise to give too much credence to the Watson paper. As others have already pointed out it has problems with the use of a 20yr moving average up to 2000. This largely removes any signal of acceleration after 1980 making the data inadequate for comparison with the satellite data which shows an acceleration since then.
Looking at the raw data from both the Watson and Houston & Dean papers shows a common pattern. A clear rise from ~1900 to 1950s, then stasis followed by another rise from the late 1970s.
This pattern of rise/flat/rise seems strangely familiar – it is of course a parallel with the temperature record. This is surely unsurprising, there is an obvious physical link between temperature and ocean volume both by expansion and melting land ice. All the mathturbation trying to match the data to complex mathematical functions – second order quadratics? It seems a little pointless when the best correlation is with the temperature record.

R. Gates
July 26, 2011 7:58 pm

Shanghai Dan says:
July 26, 2011 at 7:00 pm
R. Gates,
I’m not so sure about Greenland losing ice; measurements of the ice sheet height, corrected for isostatic rebound, show the “spatially averaged increase is 5.4 cm per year over the study area”. That includes the edges which are losing ice, and the center which is gaining ice.
Seems Greenland is getting thicker in the middle (like many of us as we age), and it more than compensates for the losses on the edge.
_____
You need to be careful about the sources you pick. That article is from 2005, which is pretty old in light of the vast amount of new research out there. More recent research indicates unequivocally that Greenland as a whole is definitely loosing ice mass. See:
http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/files/calottes-fondent.pdf
And by the way, for those who really would like to understand the current state of sea ice from a true long-term scientific perspective, this is some of the best research out there. (far better than a picture of a submarine coming up in a polynya in the 1950’s and claiming it proves anything).
See: http://bprc.osu.edu/geo/publications/polyak_etal_seaice_QSR_10.pdf

July 26, 2011 8:51 pm

Let me get this straight.
NASA. The National Aeronautical & Space Association.
The Goddard Space Flight Center.
In a day when we mothball space shuttles, rather than build more….what the HELL does NASA and the GSFC have any business (and at the taxpayer’s expense) studying sea ice and glaciers?
Oh….right….they are trying to prove “Ice Shelf Collapses of My Grandchildren”. I get it now.
Will the old NASA and GFSC please stand up??
Chris
Norfolk, VA, USA

rbateman
July 26, 2011 9:00 pm

R. Gates says:
July 26, 2011 at 7:58 pm
Oh, you mean THIS picture that I remembered from back when Science was respected, and was bringing us views of ours and other worlds never imagined:
http://www.robertb.darkhorizons.org/0857806.jpg
THAT picture put finished to the wild speculation of AGW causing ice-free holes in the Arctic in winter.
It proved that memory of past conditions trumps fact fudging.
I’m proud to say that I first saw that picture in a magazine, when the ink was fresh from the presses, and it was delivered to my parents doorstep. In fact, I was 6 years old, and we were having Bean with Bacon soup made about 4 miles away.
You know what Art Linkletter used to say about kids. Don’t you?

JPeden
July 26, 2011 9:11 pm

renewable guy says:
July 26, 2011 at 2:14 pm
Adding more co2 to atmosphere is ignoring what you don’t want to look at. A warmer world.
Oops, except for example, the existence of inconvenient facts such as the at least two divergences of atmospheric temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the first being the increasing atmospheric temperatures starting well before the rise of CO2 concentrations, as per usual according to the ice core data, and the latest being the rise of CO2 concentrations without any increase in atmospheric temperatures over at least the past 15 yrs..
In other words, renewable man, using CO2 concentrations as a proxy for atmospheric temperatures turns out to be about as reliable as using Briffa’s and Mann’s tree rings.
Then there’s also the mere fact that the CO2=CAGW hypotheses have not yielded an empircally confirmed prediction yet, to say the least – with instead even the opposite empirical phenomenon having often occurred instead – nor indeed the production of any new climate, or now even weather event in need of any explanation via an invocation of the CO2=CAGW GCM “physics”.
Only according to Climate Science’s CO2=CAGW “method” can a complete abscence of evidence along with the existence of directly contradictory evidence be things which don’t throw its own “hypotheses” into at least the categorey of being of insignificant use, if not even extremely dubious as compared to the realities according to real scientific method and principle science – things which you don’t want to look at, renewable man.

rbateman
July 26, 2011 9:15 pm

savethesharks says:
July 26, 2011 at 8:51 pm
You have a very important point there, Chris.
What the hell is Space Administration doing studying Antarctic Ice? Sounds suspiciously like money being wasted. Last I heard, Antarctica still has Terran atmophere over it, and it is still attached to planet Earth.
I don’t mind seeing new eye-popping pics taken by satellites that they launch, but the studying part is best left to the proper researchers in thier respective fields.

Interstellar Bill
July 26, 2011 9:31 pm

Gates is DFAA – Desperate For Any Apocalypse
Far-fetched doesn’t begin to describe this bunch, pathetically rooting everywhere for any alleged ‘evidence’ that will convert the taxpaying sheep to True Believers.
Just remember Mr. R., Al Gore lies and Eagles Die, the new Sacrifical Lambs of Eco Death-Worship.
Windmills use 5 times the per-Watt load of cement, steel, and rare-earths than nuclear reactors, and they kill far more people every year than Chernobyl. They’ll never last long enough for energy-payback.
Damnable windmills annually slaughter more birds and bats than DDT or oil slicks ever dreamed of doing in a thousand years. Aren’t you Warmistas proud?
Big Climate has squandered over $100 Billion, robbed from innocent taxpayers, and all we got was slick propaganda-lies and gulled kindergardners.
You babble endlessly about hypothetical ‘tipping points’ while not even one actual tipping point in Earth’s past has ever been computer-modeled.
These same Lefties blindly promote social policies that have triggered a plethora of disastrous societal tipping points – illegitimacy, govt-dependance, fatherless gang members, job-destruction, capital flight, and a hyper-beaucracy that reaches out to stifle children’s lemonade-stands.
Amercia is nearly choked to death already, perhaps past salvaging.
The likes of Gates are willfully blind to to the social tsunamis unleashed by the vile Left, as they hopefully gaze blankly upon their hypothetical climate fantasies to rescue their mad statism.
We all feel sorry for you, dude. Get a life.