Weather Post by Dr. Ryan Maue
The Atacama desert in Chile described as the driest place on Earth just got walloped by an extreme cold front (climate change) and was buried in snow.
From NDTV: (with video coverage)
According to the national emergency centre in Chile, the area had not seen this amount of snow in close to 20 years. Some areas received up to 80 centimeters (32 inches) of snow, leading to closed roads and stuck vehicles. The temperature in Santiago, Chile dropped to as low as -8.5 degrees Celsius on Wednesday. Other countries in Latin America such as Uruguay and Argentina have also been affected by the cold front.
Indeed, temperatures over much of middle-latitudes South America have been averaging 5°-10° C below normal for the past week.
From Wikipedia’s excellent article on the Atacama Desert:
Some parts of Atacama Desert, especially, surroundings of the abandoned Yungay town(in Antofagasta Region, Chile) are arguably the driest places on Earth,and are virtually sterile because they are blocked from moisture on both sides by the Andes mountains and by the Chilean Coast Range. A coastal inversion layer created by the cold Humboldt Current and the anticyclone of the Pacific is essential to keeping the climate of the Atacama dry. The average rainfall in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just 1 millimetre (0.04 in) per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain. Evidence suggests that the Atacama may not have had any significant rainfall from 1570 to 1971. It is so arid that mountains that reach as high as 6,885 metres (22,589 ft) are completely free of glaciers and, in the southern part from 25°S to 27°S, may have been glacier-free throughout the Quaternary, though permafrost extends down to an altitude of 4,400 metres (14,400 ft) and is continuous above 5,600 metres (18,400 ft). Studies by a group of British scientists have suggested that some river beds have been dry for 120,000 years.
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In order to get moisture into the desert, it must get into the so-called rainshadow. A possible route is from the NNW, which would require a slug of high-precipitable water or moist air to travel poleward along the South American west coast. Currently, a cut-off low or upper-level potential vorticity anomaly is spinning happily off the Chilean coast — and the clockwise flow (cyclonic in the Southern Hemisphere) is distinctly opposite to the typical anti-cyclone situated in that location. From the most recent week of Precipitable Water animation: all sorts of extreme weather can be found, including Tropical Storm Arlene, it’s landfall and remnants flooding the American Southwest (thunderstorms fueling haboobs), as well as the Atacama snowfall. Click on the image to watch the last week (Java Animation) of precipitable water and low-level wind flow from FSU Maps site.
The July 7, 00Z NCEP GFS global model forecast has additional snowfall for Chile during the next week: Image Link…
Complete Nonsense ! no snow and very little rain fell over the Atacama Desert – as you can see in the following links
http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/SCCF/2011/7/5/WeeklyHistory.html
http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/SCFA/2011/7/7/WeeklyHistory.html
-8.5 C & Sub zero freezing in Santiago, Chile ?? bullshit !! :
http://www.cybercenter.cl/html_cyber2/live_cam/live_cam.php
Why are there any literate, numerate, scientific, people who still believe this CAGW baloney?
I went to Arica in northern Chile a few years ago and read that it had never rained there in records going back decades-centuries. The first morning I was there there was a little cloud and it started raining, yes drops falling from the sky- for about 10 minutes, enough to wet the pavement but probably not register. I tend to doubt these ‘never happened’ stories.
In other words, “same thing happened 20 years ago”. So … not all that unusual.
ATTN: R.Gates
FYI: Since 1900, the 40% increase in the concentration of CO2 in a cubic meter of bone-dry air at sea level and at 0 deg C is 0.0002 kg (110ml) of CO2. One cubic meter (1,000,000 ml) of dry air at STP has a mass of 1.29 kg. The climate scientists are claiming that the addition of 0.00012 kg of CO2 to a cubic meter of dry air at STP since 1975 to present is the main cause of “global warming.” Real air always has water vapor and in it the conc of CO2 is less and is a function of specific humidity.
Go to Universal Industrial Gases Inc.’s web page at: http://www.uigi.com/air.html and study the tables and learn how temp, pressure and humidity affect the properties of air.
The amount ( i.e., mass) of CO2 in real air and in particular in tropical air is much less than is indicated by gas analysis. Moreover in real air there is no uniform distribution of mass in space and time as shown by weather maps.
You will never ever convince this chemist that CO2 has any significant influence on weather and climate.
The Antarctic dry valleys have no long term weather stations, so the claim that it gets less precipitation than, say, Quillagua in Chile is unproven. Quillagua reportedly received only 5mm of rainfall in 37 years.
Harold Pierce Jr says:
July 7, 2011 at 4:25 pm
“ATTN: R.Gates
You will never ever convince this chemist that CO2 has any significant influence on weather and climate.”
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So Fred, what you are saying is we could remove all CO2 from the atmosphere (and except for all plant life dying) it would have no significant effect on our weather and climate. Is that your contention? Essentially CO2 is there just to support plant life?
Oddly, CO2 is the primary non-condensing greenhouse gas on earth. This feature makes it very useful as its greenhouse properties are not diminished over the normal pressure and temperature changes found on this planet, which is not true for water vapor, which gets increasingly thin in the atmosphere with cooling, so that over places like the desert and Antarctica, we’ve hardly got any water vapor at all whereas we’ve got about the same level of CO2 over these regions as we have anywhere else.
As you are so into chemistry, perhaps you ought to do a post about the difference between condensing (i.e. water vapor) and non-condensing (i.e. CO2) GH gases, and while your at it, perhaps add the rock weathering-CO2 connection in there so explain how CO2 is regulated by rock weathering over millions of years. Odd that something that has no effect on the weather and climate would be regulated so well (excluding the current human addition) via negative feedback mechanisms that inhibit CO2 from getting beyond certain levels.
I’m a bit perplexed The Wikipedia article says is so dry here they’ve never recorded rain, yet, the article indicated this is the greatest snowfall in 20 years?
One thing i noticed today in driving between Rachel and Caliente, Nevada. There were several places with an absolute hoard of very young Joshua trees mixed in with very old ones with no “middle aged” ones in between. I know you can’t tell the exact age of a Joshua tree by looking at it, but what I mean to say is, there were dozens of small ones with only a single spike maybe knee to belt high. There were also several that were very old with large trunks and several branches. But there were none to only a very few with maybe only a few branches in addition to the central spike.
This would seem to imply that conditions in that area are currently very good for Joshua trees as they must have been some time ago in the past, but there has been an intervening period where conditions must not have been good for them to take root. I did not see many dead trees. I did see a few, but they were in too poor of a condition to be able to judge their age as I drove past them.
Also, if anyone is interested in some tree rings for rain proxy, there was apparently a fire at some point in the not so distant past in the Inyo National Forest on hwy 120 between Mono Lake and Benton. The forest service has several good size trees cut down and cut in chunks. Would be a nice place to collect an entire cross section maybe up to three feed in diameter from the Eastern Sierra,.
Looks like it was 8 deg F below freezing at the Santiago airport this week. Could have been a little colder at other locations. Has been well below average for 95% of the time for at a couple of weeks. Look at the graph and see for yourself.
http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/SCEL/2011/7/5/WeeklyHistory.html
Their are no villages or weather stations in the driest regions of the Atacama. It is a region that is much larger than the Mojave. Border areas do get some rain and snow. It is like Sequim in Wa. state. It almost never rains there. Fifteen or twenty miles in any direction, and it rains MOST of the time.
Well, if it did snow, I’m sure it’s dry, rotten snow! ;o)
“Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain.”
And they have been there how long? If i’d started my own weather station here at the weekend i’d also have had a weather station with no recorded rainfall in it’s history.
Another round of winter weather hopscotch, and a foreshadowing of what’s to hit the N. Hemisphere this winter. What was it last year? Oh yeah, Antarctic Blast made it 2 degrees north of the Equator, killing people, livestock, and jungle animals (to the tune of hundreds, tens of thousands and millions respectively).
We recall a Natural Geographic feature some years back that distinguished between actual precipitation and light dew within the Atacama. As Pacific Ocean airs evaporate, rising winds sweep up the western Andean escarpment to absorb heat from the Atacama’s desert sun, briefly depositing a moisture-laden film sufficient to nourish well-adapted insects and small-scale plants another day.
Brutally cold and lifeless Antarctic valleys experience no such surcease. Despite the Chilean desert’s appearances plus desiccation over geophysical time-spans, we’d accordingly put Antarctica before the Atacama in terms of “driest region.”
Harold Pierce Jr says:
July 7, 2011 at 4:25 pm
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Nice page, but it would be a lot better if they had CO2 and H2O IR absorption spectra data.
That web page doesn’t say that, near as I can tell. Why do you refer to space and time I don’ think there is any dispute that CO2 levels at Mauna Kea are rising. and year over year values are increasing.
I mostly agree with that sentiment, but the reason for that stance has less to do with CO2
concentrations and more to do with convection and cloud cover.
Steve R says:
July 7, 2011 at 6:11 pm
You get what you pay for.
Maunder Minimum here we come.
All rainfall stations in the Atacama Desert HAVE recorded rainfall .The driest is 0.6 mm per annum at Quillagua but the year when all rainfall stations in Chile recorded rainfall but we had no reports from this station implying that this station gets slightly higher mean rainfall .Moreover it should be mentioned that that this station was situated in a school .