UPDATE: I received a reply tonight from Pieter Tans, who is the manager for the MLO data, it is another error in presenting the data, similar to what happened with GISS in October, a monthly data value was carried over. In this case, November to December. – Anthony
From: “Pieter Tans” <Pieter.Tans@xxxxx.xxx>
Sent: Sunday, January 11, 2009 7:24 PM
To: “Anthony Watts ” <awatts@xxxxx.xxx>
Subject: Re: Questions on currently posted 2008 MLO data
> Anthony,
>
> The posted December figure is an error. It will probably be fixed
> tomorrow. The error does not appear on my computer. Our web site is
> run by a separate server dedicated to communicate outside the firewall.
> At this moment I don’t know why it repeated the November value for December.
>
> Sorry about this mishap.
>
> Pieter Tans
The year end CO2 data for the Mauna Loa Observatory is out, and it shows that the trend of Co2 increase has slowed. This year saw the lowest increase in the annual mean growth rate ever in the Mauna Loa Co2 Record: 0.24 parts per million.
Whether this is real, a data error, or something else remains to be seen. As we’ve learned previously, the Mauna Loa record is not infallible and can be adjusted post facto. To MLO’s credit, they have been responsive to queries from myself and others, and have pledged to make improvements to the process. They now have a change log, but there is no mention of the December 2008 data in it.
Here is the graph recently posted by MLO. Notice the two dips in 2008.
The blue line represents the mean value, while the red line is the monthly values. Note that the red line shows seasonal variance related to earth’s own processes that emit and absorb CO2. In the case of the 2008 value of 0.24 ppm/yr it comes on the heels of 2007’s strong year of 2.14 ppm/yr which by itself isn’t that remarkable, being only the seventh highest year in the record.
What is interesting though is the correlation of lower CO2 to a cooler 2008, suggesting that natural mechanisms, particularly the oceans, played a role in the the lower Co2 value for 2008. There are also other likely drivers of this change. For the layman reader, this is essentially the “soda pop effect”. As anyone knows, warm soda pop tends to ‘fizz’ vigorously, while cold soda pop is more tame. This is because colder water can absorb more Co2 than warmer water, and warmer water releases it more easily, especially when agitated. Lesson here, and citing from experience; don’t leave a 12 pack of Coke in your car on a hot summer day. 😉
Here is a graph of Carbon Dioxide solubility in water versus temperature:

Here is the entire annual mean growth rate MLO data set:
year ppm/yr
1959 0.95
1960 0.51
1961 0.95
1962 0.69
1963 0.73
1964 0.29
1965 0.98
1966 1.23
1967 0.75
1968 1.02
1969 1.34
1970 1.02
1971 0.82
1972 1.76
1973 1.18
1974 0.78
1975 1.10
1976 0.91
1977 2.09
1978 1.31
1979 1.68
1980 1.80
1981 1.43
1982 0.72
1983 2.16
1984 1.37
1985 1.24
1986 1.51
1987 2.33
1988 2.09
1989 1.27
1990 1.31
1991 1.02
1992 0.43
1993 1.35
1994 1.90
1995 1.98
1996 1.19
1997 1.96
1998 2.93
1999 0.94
2000 1.74
2001 1.59
2002 2.56
2003 2.25
2004 1.62
2005 2.53
2006 1.72
2007 2.14
2008 0.24
Here a copy of the CO2 values of the last three months:
| Month | Mean | Interpolated | Trend(seasonally corrected) |
| 2008 10 | 382.98 | 382.98 | 386.34 |
| 2008 11 | 384.11 | 384.11 | 386.19 |
| 2008 12 | 384.11 | 384.11 | 385.03 |
Source data from MLO is here
Note the identical months of November and December. It could be a GISS October2008 kind of carryover error, it could also be real. The global values for December 2008 are not yet out. Mauna Loa is only one of many CO2 reporting stations.
If the data is real, there is a dead stop in the monthly numbers, which results, when seasonally corrected, in a considerable decrease, not seen in previous Decembers through the entire record.
As MLO points out:
“The last year of data are still preliminary, pending recalibrations of reference gases and other quality control checks.”
As I previously mentioned, some reasons could be cooling of oceans. In particular the Pacific where we’ve had a La Nina event. See this guest post from Dr. Roy Spencer on how the oceans could be driving the observed Co2 changes. The other possibility is the global economic crisis. This has led to lowered consumption of fossil fuels, particularly gasoline, which saw a significant drop in miles driven this past year due to high prices and other economic uncertainties.
Most probably it is a combination of events or possibly an error. Stay tuned.
h/t to Werner Weber and many other people who notified me
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CO2 increse ended as I predicted in the spring 2008. If global temperature anomaly for 2008 would be 0C the CO2 increase rate would become 1.2+-0.4ppm. Now the temp anomaly was slightly higher, ~0.09.
So the CO2 still is tightly connected to temperature and not to anthropogene emissions as shown on the graph I have made, see below. 2008 not added yet.
I need to improve my html skills….
link didnt work above so posting it again here:
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2056/2471196255_c3318ee700_o.jpg
I see the corrected 2008 value is 1.85ppm. The lowest increase since 1993.
Forgetting for a moment changes in US demand, the fastest growing CO2 emissions are from China and India. Those emissions growths are going to continue to swamp any reduction in US emissions.
A little over 6.5 million additional passenger cars were sold in China last year. Automobile ownership was up over 30% in 2007. In absolute numbers of cars, China is in the top 10 of world markets and accounted for about half of all world car advertising.
Americans might be putting off buying new cars but they aren’t giving their cars up. If anything, not buying newer more efficient cars is resulting in higher consumption of fuel than we would have if the older cars were taken off the road and replaced with newer models.
And I am not noticing any great decrease in automobile traffic around here. California’s recent increases in unemployment seem to be driven more by California’s jacking up of the state minimum wage throwing lower wage earners out of work. Every time California raises the minimum wage, unemployment rises.
Often I wonder what the significance is of taking a current value and seeking out as far back as possible a matching value to say look, the sea ice is now the same as 1979″, forgoing that weather is weather influenced by ENSO, PDO,Vulcanic eruptions, stratospheric ozone depletion, ABCs and whatnot. Moreover, these far back “lows” are often one-off anomalies, whereas the current decades are nothing but anomalous.
The 2008 value is 1.86 ppmv matching 2007. 2004 was 1.74 ppmv so, not “look, 1993” which according to my simple spreadsheet had a mean increase of 0.68 ppmv
The short series: Second last column isthe annual mean and the last is year on year mean increase
1990 12 1990.958 354.21 354.21 355.15 30.00 354.16 1.26
1991 12 1991.958 354.98 354.98 355.91 31.00 355.48 1.32
1992 12 1992.958 355.39 355.39 356.27 31.00 356.27 0.79
1993 12 1993.958 356.7 356.70 357.59 31.00 356.95 0.68
1994 12 1994.958 358.74 358.74 359.65 31.00 358.64 1.68
1995 12 1995.958 360.42 360.42 361.29 30.00 360.63 1.99
1996 12 1996.958 361.96 361.96 362.78 31.00 362.37 1.74
1997 12 1997.958 364.12 364.12 364.89 31.00 363.47 1.11
1998 12 1998.958 366.87 366.87 367.61 27.00 366.50 3.03
1999 12 1999.958 367.86 367.86 368.59 29.00 368.15 1.65
2000 12 2000.958 369.62 369.62 370.33 30.00 369.40 1.26
2001 12 2001.958 371.11 371.11 371.83 31.00 371.07 1.67
2002 12 2002.958 373.71 373.71 374.45 30.00 373.17 2.10
2003 12 2003.958 375.97 375.97 376.71 30.00 375.78 2.61
2004 12 2004.958 377.51 377.51 378.23 31.00 377.52 1.74
2005 12 2005.958 380.07 380.07 380.78 30.00 379.76 2.24
2006 12 2006.958 381.85 381.85 382.55 31.00 381.85 2.09
2007 12 2007.958 383.90 383.90 384.60 29.00 383.71 1.86
2008 12 2008.958 385.54 385.54 386.28 30.00 385.57 1.86
But, possibly we’re talking a different data set, than that coming from the ESRL
RJ Hendrickson — re U.S. fuel consumption.
You are correct, it did drop noticeably in September according to EIA reports. But for the entire year, the decrease was around 3 percent less than 2007.
I also noticed the much decreased traffic, and lower speeds for about two or three weeks. Then prices came down rather quickly.
What is intriguing to me is the Detroit Auto Show currently underway. Lots of hybrids and electric vehicles there. Should have a measureable downward impact on U.S. fuel consumption for the next few years. Assuming anyone can get a loan to buy a car! But any reduction in the U.S. will likely be more than offset by increased auto sales in other countries.
Roger E. Sowell
Marina del Rey, California
Lulo and others,
Pieter Tans is the boss, and therefore the errors made by his staff are his responsibility. The fact that, like some other understaffed groups, they put out data without doing any kind of “data rationality” checks IS HIS FAULT.
This is the type of thing that a programmer could write a warning error for in 5 minutes or less.
If this was data that was not being used to educate the public on issues that are making major transformations to society I might agree that it is not that big a deal. This data is and it IS a big deal. Repeatedly issuing data that happens to have problems shows little professionalism and undermines our reason to trust the WHOLE record!! Repeatedly issuing corrections to data only in one direction makes the appearance even more dismal.
If it’s not too late for interest, have a look here for general CO2 info.
Joel Shore (19:46:51) :
You may very well be right and if so, it will be the second time in the last 4 months that such an error has caused data for the public release to be incorrect. – Anthony
Not to forget the SWPC’s incorrect plot of F10.7 at:
http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/SolarCycle/
This paper http://www.cspg.org/conventions/Gussow2008/abstracts/003.pdf is much more interesting than regurgitating errors on web pages.
Sekerob, papers like those will be much more interesting when they include data more recently than, say, 2002 or 2003. It will be papers that include data from after 2005 that are going to upset the apple cart.
Joel Shore
“Well, most economists believe that the time to tighten the federal government belt is not when the economy is in what may be the worst freefall since the Great Depression and the federal government is the only entity that can take up some of the slack. Of course, the fact that we spent the last 8 years building up additional debt after having erased the deficit during the Clinton years is clearly a lost opportunity.”
————————————————————-
Your expression, “most economists,” is analogous to the expression, “most scientists.”
Anyone who has read the Constitution understands that all spending legislation originates in the House of Representatives, is modified in the Senate, gets its final form in a conference between the two legislative bodies, and is then forwarded to the president for signing into law.
It has been apparent that the Congress absolves itself from all responsibility of the catastrophic effects that their ill-conceived legislation creates. Diversion and blame are two attributes of an irresponsible Congress.
“Only the federal government can take up the slack.”
The federal government does not create wealth, it is a net tax and debit on the productivity of its entrepreneurial citizens. Its “productivity,” if it can be called that, is in printing fiat money that creates further debt on the citizenry. In essence, the “bail-out” stimulus package is nothing more than a “theft” of the future productivity and wealth through the subtle taxation by inflating the money supply and a redistribution of that wealth. The government creates nothing but debt.
Recalling the original “emergency” stimulus package of US$700 billion, it was defeated in the House of Representatives. The Senate “stimulus” legislation of US$850 billion was passed, the additional US$150 billion was for “earmarks,” characteristic of a “caring” and “responsible” Congress.
Of the “emergency” bailout funds, only US$350 billion has been allocated. The only emergency was the bailing out of the financial cabal in and around the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The discussion is now about how to “spend” the remaining US$350 billion.
The incoming administration wants to create jobs. The federal government does not create anything but debt.
crosspatch, (13:02:16)
Given the extensive x-ref, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/429689 to include the very Svalgaard posting in this threat it does not seem to have lost it’s credibility. The current data just is a continuation of a trend set in around 1950 with an ever so slight down slope all the more questioning the solar weight on global warming.
crosspatch (13:02:16) :
It will be papers that include data from after 2005 that are going to upset the apple cart.
http://www.leif.org/research/LeanRindCauses.pdf
Re: “Ah, OK the ol’ “close enough for government work” thinking makes it OK then if data is released for public consumption, and then fixed. Why not simply do it right the first time? I can think of lots of venues when this sort of sloppiness in posting data that others use would get people fired, cause product recalls, cause accidents, or get people killed. So why should climate science get a free pass for sloppiness? – Anthony”
Because this isn’t a venue where it can “cause product recalls, cause accidents, or get people killed”. Who uses the freshly released monthly data other than blogs for no purpose whatsoever than hobby number watching? How can an error in release cause people to be killed? It’s simply not as important as you seem to think it is. The records yes, the recently released data on a website no.
REPLY: Hobby number watching? Go tell that to Gore, or to Hansen. Rubbish, trillions of dollars of world economic policy hinge on these numbers, and you don’t think it is important that it be done right? Sorry but your argument just doesn’t wash. There is no excuse for sloppiness, especially here. – Anthony
One of the readers here posted the link to a graph I presented here over at Tomino’s site. It was in response to a thread mentioning an acceleration in the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase. After seeing Tomino’s response to it I decided to have a look at the ‘rate of increase’. I have produced several graphs and created a thread : Trends in Yearly CO2 Increase
I fail to see a trend from recent years showing increases are accelerating in rate.
They were once…. but not now.
Leif Svalgaard (13:52:10) :
Thanks, same charts, same author, the original paper where my link refers to a 2008 presentation on that said. No upset of apple carts that I can discern.
So unless missing something in a big way, Crosspatch, you were saying?
Who was it said that if you can’t do arithmatic you don’t know what you are talking about.
Observe the dot by dot red curve above; which is an approximation to the real data, since it is only a one per month “measurment”; no doubt the result of some actual daily real data after being processed through some AlGorythm.
One can also see that the data consists of a somewhat sore tooth cycle superposed on a more or less straight line ramp.
The saw tooth signal has a p-p amplitude of about 7 ppm, and looks for all the world like an RC integration of a rectangular wave, with a 2:1 on off duty cycle.
Note that it takes a mere 4 months for the ML CO2 to drop by 7 ppm. If you had the pole to pole three dimensional plot which NOAA has hidden from prying eyes, you would see that at the south pole, the annual cycle is reveres, and no more than 1 ppm p-p amplitude, while at the north pole the cyclic amplitude has built up to what a CO2 expert aquaintance for Scripps Inst. in La Jolla CA tells me is actually an 18 ppm p-p amplitude; and it is actually maximum amplitude at the north pole. So tell me again about how the ocean water takes up all that CO2, given that it is under perpetual ice at the north pole.
But the key thing is that whatever it is that is capable of removing CO2 from the atmosphere at the north pole, it can remove 18 ppm in just four months. and if the excess ovber the stable value was 100 ppm, it only takes 5.5 times 4 months or 22 months to remove at a straight line rate. But assuming the decay is actually an exponential integration of a square pulse, then it takes five time constants to remove 99%, so that would be 110 months, or about nine years.
So remind me again how the CO2 remains in the atmosphere for 200 years, once it escapes our tail pipes; when 99% of it is capable of being removed by natural processes in just nine years.
I wish somebody had a month to label each of those 12 dots per cycle, so I could phase the saw tooth, with the fruit growing cycle down in the California central valley.
It seems to me, that in the spring time, bare trees and fields return to lush greenery in a week or two, and then that enhanced bio-mass gets to work removing CO2, for four months; and then for late summer and fall, the green turns to brown and dead “greenery” and CO2 take up stops.
It would appear to me from the missing three-D graph, that the southern ocean take up of CO2 is pretty much constant 12 months out of the year with almost no cyclic change at all, but the increased and still increasing bio-mass in the northern hemisphere accounts for most of the cyclic variation throughout the year.
I’ve seen passing references but no clear indication of something I’ve been trying to understand. One of the critical assumptions and an underpinning of the GCM’s is a long lifetime for emitted CO2 in the atmosphere, i.e., decades up to a century. Does anyone know or have a link to the official IPCC assumption for this?
I’ve seen other abstracts that refer to a lifetime around the range of a decade which makes a BIG difference on the outcomes of the models. Where does this debate stand? Any links to good studies on this subject would be appreciated.
Lee Kington (14:43:43) :
Nice charts on CO2 increases.
http://penoflight.com/climatebuzz/?p=182
One thing that struck me, is the chart from 1998 on. It looks like a dampening cycle, with shorter frequencies and reducing amplitudes.
Anyone here with expertise in this?
Arn: Thats part of the problem, knowing CO2 and its half life in the atmosphere.
The IPCC assumes long half-life’s, with 50-200 years given.
Some sources show half-life’s of less than a decade.
Therein lies the problem. If there is a problem with CO2 induced warming, and if the longer estimate is correct, we need to start cutting back now, for our grandchildren to see any results.
If the shorter period is correct, and we need to make cuts, we can start cuts in a decade or two, and still see results in our lifetime.
half life
you can not have a half life unless you know the mass fluxes from ocean and land to atmosphere and then back again. and you know where it started from. i dont know what t one half is
you can try, by plotting ln[co2] vs year assuming a net unidirectional flux
you get co2= exp([.004176*year]-2.436) where .004176 is the rate constant in calendar years eg 1967. you cant get a real half life from this data, but if you want to its .693 / .004176
George E. Smith (15:00:06) :
at the north pole the cyclic amplitude has built up to what a CO2 expert aquaintance for Scripps Inst. in La Jolla CA tells me is actually an 18 ppm p-p amplitude
….whatever it is that is capable of removing CO2 from the atmosphere at the north pole, it can remove 18 ppm in just four months. ”
Have a warm damp mass of air filled with 390 ppm CO2 and cool it . The pressure drops and water in liquid form condenses. It absorbs CO2. Absorbing CO2 lower the freezing point of water cools and absorbs more CO2. The water turns to snow and lands in the ocean. Co2 is scrubbed from the air.
Looking at the Hawaii data, I get a t 1/2 for atmospheric CO2 of 9-11 years and a human input of about 35% the natural rate of efflux.
You must understand that what ever the rate of geological release of CO2 is, it must also be matched by the mineralization rate. Every now and again a huge volcano erupts and will cause a spike in the atmosphere, the plant has a mechanism to clear it. Of it didn’t we would have much more regular extinctions of sensitive species, like large carnivores and frogs.
Arn: The atmospheric lifespan of CO2 is very complicated, because it can very from seconds to thousands of years. It could be respired by vegetation or soil and taken up by surrounding vegetation almost immediately, or it could end up in the atmosphere for centuries or even millenia. I don’t know offhand of a reference where the frequency distribution of CO2 lifespan has been graphed, and if I saw one, I would treat it with a grain of salt. I think the important thing is that, on average, the lifespan would be very long compared to (say) CH4 or most sulphur-containing aerosols.
That was not vary good spelling.