March 1st, 2019 by Roy W. Spencer, Ph. D.
I’ve received many more requests about the new disappearing-clouds study than the “gold standard proof of anthropogenic warming” study I addressed here, both of which appeared in Nature journals over the last several days.
The widespread interest is partly because of the way the study is dramatized in the media. For example, check out this headline, “A World Without Clouds“, and the study’s forecast of 12 deg. C of global warming.
The disappearing clouds study is based upon the modelling of marine stratocumulus clouds, whose existence substantially cools the Earth. These extensive but shallow cloud decks cover the subtropical ocean regions over the eastern ocean basins where upwelling cold water creates a strong boundary layer inversion.
Marine stratocumulus clouds off the U.S. West Coast, which form in a water-chilled shallow layer of boundary layer air capped by warmer air aloft (NASA/GSFC).
In other words, the cold water causes a thin marine boundary layer of chilled air up to a kilometer deep, that is capped by warmer air aloft. The resulting inversion layer (the boundary between cool air below and warm air aloft) inhibits convective mixing, and so water evaporated from the ocean accumulates in the boundary layer and clouds then develop at the base of the inversion. There are complex infrared radiative processes which also help maintain the cloud layer.
The new modeling study describes how these cloud layers could dissipate if atmospheric CO2 concentrations get too high, thus causing a positive feedback loop on warming and greatly increasing future global temperatures, even beyond what the IPCC has predicted from global climate models. The marine stratocumulus cloud response to warming is not a new issue, as modelers have been debating for decades whether these clouds would increase or decrease with warming, thus either reducing or amplifying the small amount of direct radiative warming from increasing CO2.
The new study uses a very high resolution model that “grows” the marine stratocumulus clouds. The IPCC’s climate models, in contrast, have much lower resolution and must parameterize the existence of the clouds based upon larger-scale model variables. These high resolution models have been around for many years, but this study tries to specifically address how increasing CO2 in the whole atmosphere changes this thin, but important, cloud layer.
The high resolution simulations are stunning in their realism, covering a domain of 4.8 x 4.8 km:
The main conclusion of the study is that when model CO2 concentrations reach 1200 ppm or so (which would take as little as another 100 years or so assuming worst-case energy use and population growth projections like RCP8.5), a substantial dissipation of these clouds occurs causing substantial additional global warming, with up to 12 deg. C of total global warming.
Shortcomings in the Study: The Large-Scale Ocean and Atmospheric Environment
All studies like this require assumptions. In my view, the problem is not with the high-resolution model of the clouds itself. Instead, it’s the assumed state of the large-scale environment in which the clouds are assumed to be embedded.
Most importantly, it should be remembered that these clouds exist where cold water is upwelling from the deep ocean, where it has resided for centuries to millennia after initially being chilled to near-freezing in polar regions, and flowing in from higher latitudes. This cold water is continually feeding the stratocumulus zones, helping to maintain the strong temperature inversion at the top of the chilled marine boundary layer. Instead, their model has 1 meter thick slab ocean that rapidly responds to only whats going on with atmospheric greenhouse gases within the tiny (5 km) model domain. Such a shallow ocean layer would be ok (as they claim) IF the ocean portion of the model was a closed system… the shallow ocean only increases how rapidly the model responds… not its final equilibrium state. But given the continuous influx of cold water into these stratocumulus regions from below and from high latitudes in nature, it is far from a closed system.
Second, the atmospheric environment in which the high-res cloud model is embedded is assumed to have similar characteristics to what climate models produce. This includes substantial increases in free-tropospheric water vapor, keeping constant relative humidity throughout the troposphere. In climate models, the enhanced infrared effects of this absolute increase in water vapor leads to a tropical “hot spot”, which observations, so far, fail to show. This is a second reason the study’s results are exaggerated. Part of the disappearing cloud effect in their model is from increased downwelling radiation from the free troposphere as CO2 increases and positive water vapor feedback in the global climate models increases downwelling IR even more. This reduces the rate of infrared cooling by the cloud tops, which is one process that normally maintains them. The model clouds then disappear, causing more sunlight to flood in and warm the isolated shallow slab ocean. But if the free troposphere above the cloud does not produce nearly as large an effect from increasing water vapor, the clouds will not show such a dramatic effect.
The bottom line is that marine stratocumulus clouds exist because of the strong temperature inversion maintained by cold water from upwelling and transport from high latitudes. That chilled boundary layer air bumps up against warm free-tropospheric air (warmed, in turn, by subsidence forced by moist air ascent in precipitation systems possibly thousands of miles away). That inversion will likely be well-maintained in a warming world, thus maintaining the cloud deck, and not causing catastrophic global warming.
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I will not resist the temptation to cite the old Joanie Mitchell song, that climate models don’t know clouds at all. As Dr Spencer notes, these clouds are very affected by ocean upwelling of cold water, so models using one meter deep water with no external circulation give defective results.
Common sense rides again!
Damn it Tom! I wasn’t going to post this, and then you “triggered” me with your well targeted comment.
With my sincerest apologies to Joni Mitchell…
Both Sides Now
Woes and blows to warmist scares
Excise schemes now in cross hairs
And weather claxons now despair
I’ve looked at clouds that way
We all know that they block the sun
And rain and snow on everyone
So many things frauds would have done
But clouds got in their way
We’ve looked at clouds from both sides now
From cool and warm, and still somehow
Warmist delusions I recall
They really don’t know clouds at all
Loons and goons with feckless deals
Are busy advancing their ideal
And so their fairytale reveal
We’ve heard them yack away
But now it’s not supposed to snow
So we’re laughing as they eat crow
And polar bears, their numbers grow
Hint: check the Hudson bay
We’ve looked for signs of high tides now
From near and far, no rise somehow
Warmist delusions we recall
They really don’t know squat at all
Tears and fears and feeling proud
To say “It’s bullshit!” right out loud
Dreams and schemes of circus clowns
The crooks’ in disarray
This now transends just acting strange
We shake our heads, they’re so deranged
They’re data’s lost, still unexplained
United Nations way
We’ve heard their crap, their sacred cow
From kin and news and still somehow
It’s Mann’s delusions I recall
He really don’t crap at all
I’ve looked at clouds from both sides now
From cool and warm, and still somehow
Those warmists really are dirt balls
They really don’t know clouds at all
I think I may send this to my small town local paper for the editorial page. Will make sure to credit “Gator”
Definition of a climate model:
A predetermined outcome, supported by little to no data, or supported by fake data, in a computer program so tortured until it finally caves in and cries, “Global Warming! Bad! Not good! Polar bears dead!
Every single thing in the universe that is yucky”
That damm Bear …… It’s all Poo’s Fault !!!!!!!
Detailed complex models of limited spatial coverage often run into those nasty boundary condition problems. Modelers often do not like to present how many difficulties those boundaries can cause.
Can’t the modelers add a boundary layer flux of cold water from below?
BTW – daughter in Bozeman, MT told me this am that they received 27″ snow in Feb w/ average of 4″ (current temp -3F). Similar stories across N America.
Yes, they could. But then they wouldn’t get all this press plus a guarantee of future government funding.
Plus 97%
You’ve hit the nail on the head.
There was a naive phase in past centuries where responsible scientists pursuing knowledge and comprehension of the natural world, attempted to falsify any thesis created.
But were’s the necessary and essential commitment to falsifying models which generate such absurd future predictions of the natural world, and are presented as a quasi-scientific ‘thesis’, when the model being used is clearly bunk, and does not represent the natural world with fidelity, at all?
There’s just no such commitment to developing useful knowledge and comprehension, because tax-payer $$$ sugar is being doled out to corrupt ‘scientists’.
But we’re expected to just continue to pretend (as we have for decades now) that profound corruption does not abound within science today when there’s so much evidence of it in papers.
Muck like this research never should have gotten out of the researcher’s back-office broom closet, except an equally corrupting influence of ‘pop-science’ media/journalism fame seeking and ad-selling ensured it went out to a global audience any way.
Get a real job.
They mentioned about cooling from the top of the cloud so they didn’t even get the mechanism right in the first place.
Indeed. And the protein-folders can achieve the same with their computer models, yet it brings them no nearer to the holy grail of making successful predictions without ‘cheating’.
“Without thermal controls, the temperature of the orbiting Space Station’s Sun-facing side would soar to 250 degrees F (121 C), while thermometers on the dark side would plunge to minus 250 degrees F (-157 C). There might be a comfortable spot somewhere in the middle of the station,
but searching for it wouldn’t be much fun!”
https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1/
Guess what, space is not cold, it’s HOT!!
Like standing next to a campfire, hot on the fireside, cold on the back side and without the atmosphere’s 0.3 albedo (or clouds) earth gets hotter not colder.
Without the atmosphere the earth will get 20% to 40% more kJ/h depending on its naked albedo. That means a solar wind 20 to 30 C hotter w/o an atmosphere not 33 C colder. The atmosphere/albedo is like that reflective panel behind a car’s windshield.
Because of the significant (>60%) non-radiative heat transfer processes of the atmospheric molecules the surface of the earth cannot radiate as a black body and there is no “extra” energy for the greenhouse gasses to “trap”/absorb/radiate/“warm” the earth.
No greenhouse effect, no CO2 warming, no man caused climate change.
No problem.
(NOAA says w/o atmosphere earth becomes a near zero frozen ice ball. https://sos.noaa.gov/Education/script_docs/SCRIPTWhat-makes-Earth-habitable.pdf
(slide 14)
As long as ‘climate models’ use CO2 to identity future temperature trends, they will be wrong. For the same reason earth would he warmer with no atmosphere, it would be warmer with no CO2 as well, since there would be no absorption by CO2, thus more energy on the surface. That, in turn, would increase the RATE of radiation, which would attempt to equilibrate as before, except with a higher energy absorption, there would have to be a warmer surface.
To validate such ideas, one would have to go to the no-CO2 vs ALL CO2 vs NO ATMOSPHERE situations, and compare the expected results.
John,
“…since there would be no absorption by CO2,”
Never was, never is, never will be.
The specific heat of air is in direct opposition to the forcing by CO2. As you add more CO2 the mass and specific heat of CO2 require more energy to reach the same temperature.
Anthony’s CO2 jar experiment demonstrated that. Until they change the specific heat of air it is all a crock.
Perhaps part of the problem with climate science is that they are using meteorological science and trying to apply it to the big picture, which has lead to a downplay in the importance of convective/conductive processes in the structure of the atmosphere.
Take this statement by Dr. Spencer for example, “The resulting inversion layer (the boundary between cool air below and warm air aloft) inhibits convective mixing”. That’s no doubt 100% accurate when applied to explaining the cloud layer and local meteorological phenomenon, but it doesn’t explain the big picture. The atmosphere above the cloud layer doesn’t quickly lose all of its kinetic energy and fall due to gravity because convection was cut off. Kinetic energy transfer within an open atmosphere does not only occur within convection zones and eddys, though this appears to be the only forces that climate science applies to their theory of atmospheres.
Just take this for example:
https://physicsworld.com/a/rain-drains-energy-from-the-atmosphere/
it wasn’t until recently that they even considered friction from falling rain, but they still don’t have it quite right. Notice they don’t mention gravitational potential energy, and only refer to frictional heating and seem to ignore the kinetic energy transfer into the gases.
You actually have it back to front. The climate models don’t use convection, they use “Radiative Forcing”. This combined with the fact that they model a flat Earth and a bunch of other problems, explains why that have never been right.
Hivemind,
No, they don’t model a flat earth.
They take a discular cross section which is a correct model and turn it into a spherical average which is unealistic. Sphere of r has 4 times the area as a disc of r.
1,368 discular / 4 = 342 spherical ToA ISR * .7 = 240 ASR.
They model the earth as evenly heated at a ToA spherical average.
What I refer to as a ball suspended in and evenly heated by a bucket of warm poo.
Equally useless model.
A correct energy balance is worked in kJ/h.
W/m^2 is used to convert to temps w/ S-B.
Another dumb than to do.
NASA determined that objects in space maintain an average temperature of approximately 45°F with neutral albedo and a constant rotation at the distance of Earth’s orbit.
Prjindigo
Averages are meaningless.
355 K lit side, 155 K dark side, 255 K average K, 200 C range.
260 K lit side, 250 K dark side, 255 K average, 10 C range.
Exactly same average, entirely difference worlds.
What the heck is a “neutral” albedo?
I think it has something to do with glaciers in Switzerland. The exact details escape me at the moment.
“neutral” albedo seems to be a statistical, homogenizing reduction of data for easier prozessing:
https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-samsung&ei=EBt7XOHgPO33qwHQ86v4AQ&q=geophysics+%E2%80%9Cneutral%E2%80%9D+albedo&oq=geophysics+%E2%80%9Cneutral%E2%80%9D+albedo&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-serp.
here’s equation with graphics:
https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-samsung&ei=TyF7XOKcO8n1qwHTmLT4CQ&q=geophysics+equation+neutral+albedo&oq=geophysics+equationneutral%E2%80%9D+albedo&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-serp.
And all along, I thought numerical values of albedo fell on the line of all real numbers between zero and one. I was never taught in either mathematics or physics that there was a real number value of “neutral.”
Well, g-o-o-o-o-l-l-y!
oh yeah that must be why the moon is a frozen iceball, oh wait
“ No greenhouse effect, no CO2 warming….” your understanding of infrared absorption and radiative heat transfer is incorrect. However, the usual meme of Earth being 33 C colder without the greenhouse effect is only correct if Earth’s albedo remains at the generally assumed 0.3, but without water vapour, there would be no 0.7 albedo clouds to cover half the sky. Thus without greenhouse gas water, albedo is lower, and Earth would be much warmer in the resulting extra sunny days. So you aren’t entirely wrong. So it is the albedo of clouds, not CO2, that directly controls the planet’s temperature. But the additional CO2 does cause a couple of watts more back radiation than does water vapour alone, overwhelmed by the hundreds of watts/sq.M of sunlight reflected back onto space by clouds.
When you say there is no CO2 effect, you simply are labelled a “denier” instead of someone with a valid point of view.
Nick S
There is a greenhouse effect due to radiative gas behaviour. It is easily demonstrated.
What is wrong with your analysis is you are comparing the current Earth with a planet that has no atmosphere. Why? How can you describe the influence of GHGs on the atmospheric temperature? That implies you should consider the planet with an atmosphere in two conditions: with and without GHG’s, not with and without an atmosphere.
This same error is made by the IPCC which is why their documents refer to the supposed quantification of GHG influence based on the difference between a bare planet and one with an atmosphere that includes GHG. And then they claim to calculate the influence of the CO2.
There is a GHG effect, but it has been incorrectly quantified. The atmosphere without GHG will be heated by the hot surface to a temperature much higher than the current 15 C.
Crispin,
“What is wrong with your analysis is you are comparing the current Earth with a planet that has no atmosphere. Why?”
Because that assumption, 288 K with – 255 K without = 33 C cooler, is the keystone of greenhouse theory.
Refer to the Dutton/Brune Penn State METEO 300 chapter 7.2: These two professors quite clearly assume/state that the earth’s current 0.3 albedo would remain even if the atmosphere were gone or if the atmosphere were 100 % nitrogen, i.e. at an average 240 W/m^2 OLR and an average S-B temperature of 255 K.
That is just flat ridiculous.
NOAA says that without an atmosphere the earth would be a frozen ice-covered ball.
That is just flat ridiculous^2.
Without the atmosphere or with 100% nitrogen there would be no liquid water or water vapor, no vegetation, no clouds, no snow, no ice, no oceans and no longer a 0.3 albedo. The earth would get blasted by the full 394 K, 121 C, 250 F solar wind.
The sans atmosphere albedo might be similar to the moon’s as listed in NASA’s planetary data lists, a lunarific 0.14, 390 K on the lit side, 100 K on the dark.
And the naked, barren, zero water w/o atmosphere earth would receive 23% to 43% more kJ/h of solar energy and as a result would be 19 to 33 C hotter not 33 C colder, a direct refutation of the greenhouse effect theory and most certainly NOT a near absolute zero frozen ball of ice.
Nick S.
https://sos.noaa.gov/Education/script_docs/SCRIPTWhat-makes-Earth-habitable.pdf
(slide 14)
With 30 % albedo: 957.6 W/m^2, 360.5 K, 87.5 C, 189.5 F
With 14% albedo: 1,176.5 W/m^2 (22.8%), 379.5 K, 106.5 C (19), 223.8 F
With 0% albedo: 1,367.5 W/m^2 (42.8%), 394.0 K, 121.0 C (33.5), 250.0 F
Don’t mix it up with Dr. Roy!
Surely you also construct arguments that INCREASE such cloud cover if the global temperature increases and hence increases the temperature in the source region of the warm air in the upper level of the inversion.
So the grant money would have been better used to give to chimpanzees to see if they start wearing suits and drive sports cars if you hand them a fist full of $100s.
If you do the experiment in the right way, you CAN get chimpanzees to wear a suit and drive a sports car after giving them a fist full of $100s.
That doesn’t prove the $100 bills caused the chimpanzees to drive, and it probably isn’t good for the sports car.
Yes!
What an excellent example of GIGO.
I am reminded of a favorite example.
So many times we see basic errors in elementary science and bad assumptions that invalidate the whole paper. Of course, when you point that out to the authors, they dismiss it because it sounds too simple. That’s because pseudo intellectuals can’t differentiate between complexity and profundity.
The honest practitioners will say something like “Yes, we know it’s crap but we have to start somewhere.”
The ones in the middle will say “Well, we’ve made a little bit of progress, but we need to say something positive in order to keep the funding flowing for future work”.
And the worst ones say “We now know enough to say that you need to completely revise world government and economic structures according to our instructions, while giving us lots more money for no significant results, you idiots.”
You had me at “modelling of marine stratocumulus clouds.”
Thanks for the paper dissection. Fatally flawed by ignoring the thermohaline circulation that enables marine stratocumulus in the first place. Distilled to a simple soundbite
I agree; thank you very much Dr. Spencer.
The fact that supposedly credentialed scientists/researchers/modelers can and do miss such fundamental issues is appalling, Rud. When living on the CA coast, even I knew about upwelling cool water and its effects on the cloud layer.
To model a climatological feature and ignore its genesis is scientific malfeasance, if not outright fraud. Who the hell do they have reviewing scientific paper submissions? Who the hell do they have editing that rag Nature? It seems to be nothing but ideology all the way down over there.
Why is it unpaid researchers and citizen scientists must continuously uncover such scientific malfeasance? What is it about CliSci that allows its practitioners to turn a blind eye to obviously flawed papers? Also, what is it about CliSci that allows its practitioners to turn a blind eye to obvious political misuse of its work?
Not only the above, but what is it about CliSci that encourages its practitioners to actively hound people personally and professionally for the sin of questioning the scientific basis of obviously flawed or otherwise questionable positions/papers? To me, Michael Mann is the ugly public face of the dysfunctional CliSci. Additionally, I do consider Mann to have both an ugly personality and an ugly physiognomy. So sue me.
Maybe in their next paper they will include some of the ocean dynamics. Except that would probably invalidate their present conclusions.
wouldn’t the atmosphere and ocean temp increase in sync?
…that would be like for like and nothing really changes
a hot world without clouds.
That won’t be Venus, then.
Do these people ever bother to think anything through? No. They use a state-of-the-art supercomputer simulation which cannot actually model clouds, and uses an average cloudiness fudge factor in each grid cell.
The fact remains that it is currently impossible to simulate the ever-changing structure of clouds in a completely realistic way.
https://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/clouds/articles/predicting_cloud_power.pdf
Must be another 97% confidence thing.
Funny, I keep reading about disappearing clouds, and yet each time I look to the sky clouds are all over the place. Guess I ain’t a lookin’ hard ‘nough! This ranks up there with the lament that we are cutting down all the trees. I travel across 1/2 the US a couple times a year. From I 79 in western PA to I 95 in NYC we drive through vast tracts of forest. From I 79 west and south to I 10, again, we drive through vast tracts of forest. Even within the metro areas we pass through there are trees everywhere.
People read or see on “news” that the clouds are disappearing or all the trees are disappearing, then they go outside and see clouds and trees all over the place and those spreading these Chicken Little fantasies wonder why everyone calls them fake news and fake science.
A those are just the trees you can see from the road. Vast forests exist that can’t be seen from the road.
Many sections of I 80 through PA you can see forest for miles and whole valley systems covered by farms and cattle, same with I 70, I 65 and I 59 heading west and south. People who don’t travel much really don’t get how much of America is covered in forest, and seeing it from 30,000 does not really bring it home. And don’t even get me started on the vast expanses of corn, wheat, soybeans, millet, hay and timothy and clover you pass on US interstate highways! 😉 America is green already, don’t need any GND from Congress.
On a positive note, solar panels would become more reliable.
In any case, the projection that CO2 would be 1200 ppm in 100 years is ludicrous.
If CO² hit 1200 ppm we would be in a cycle of rain, sun, plant growth ending with record harvest and green deserts.
The current trend would get the ppm to near 612. Now it is about 412.
They need, starting now, about 4X the current trend (2) to get to 1200 in 100 years.
Will it get to 8 ppm? In 2019? What year then?
If the increase starts later than 2019, it will have to ramp up much more later.
For each of the next 100 years, place your bets.
Cold Mississippi River flood waters produce a lot of fog. Modelers should have to find their way out of a fog bank. Good training. Take your carbon dioxide meter.
The Oceans are only a meter deep!
No wonder they had to adjust the ARGO data…….
The global warming scare rests on assumptions, built from assumptions. And it is assumptions all the way down.
Edward Lorenz would immediately recognize the animation as “fracticality” and possibly a multifractal system.
He, and others well-versed in Chaos Theory and its practical aspects, would not be surprised to see such a system, based on non-linear functions suddenly change to a totally different pattern — including the total lack of clouds. This does not mean that the real world system would ever undergo such a transformation — it is an artifact of chaos in numerical modelling of non-linear systems.
There is a very simple example, May Island Squirrel Population, in my essay “Chaos & Climate – Part 2: Chaos = Stability“. In that illustration, it is the GREEN trace that exhibits the behavior of wildly shifting, then drops to ZERO (only in numerical processing, however — in real life populations, the population almost always drops very low, but then can slowly recover — in some cases though, extinction of the local population can occur).
Nothing like hearing a sound explanation from an expert to put this paper to rest. Once the assumptions that the model starts with are explained, the results are equally ludicrous.
So at what point does CO2 increase in the air begin to decrease in cloud cover? Does it only start at 1200 ppm?
The obvious data to look at to verify a significant change in cloud cover is Earth’s albedo. Unfortunately, different measring techniques give wildly different results, some showing increased albedo, some decreased. Perhaps some of the vast sums spent on modeling should be shunted towards real data gathering and techniques.
It seems reasonable to model weather and climates in attempt to better understand our world. But we know the system is so complex that it is likely we will never be able to understand it completely. And to base our policies that are so radical on modeling that is so questionable is foolish. Period.
Because the system is so complex, modeling has proven to be inadequate. Efforts should go to measurement and observation instead. Only models project doom. Observations reveal only improvement.
SR
Can’t sell fear without the fear.
“The chance is high that the truth lies in the fashionable direction. But, on the off-chance that it is in another direction — a direction obvious from an unfashionable view of field theory — who will find it? Only someone who has sacrificed himself by teaching himself quantum electrodynamics from a peculiar and unfashionable point of view; one that he may have to invent for himself.”
Richard Feynman, “The Development of the Space-Time View of Quantum Electrodynamics,” Nobel Lecture (11 December 1965)
That was then, and pertained to QED, but applies to climate scientology now, as well. Now “the science is settled” and all dissenters must be tried under the RICO act and either jailed or culled.
When the world discovers that the climate scientologists have been dragging them down the wrong path for *decades*, right at the time that the world has started to cool at the fastest rate in recorded history; when people discover that their store shelves are bare and their furnaces won’t light because the eco-whackos had the world preparing for warming and thus limited agriculture and fossil fuel extraction by fiat, right at the time when cold-weather crop losses were increasing and heat was needed in many places just to stay alive; when people discover that they’ve been forced to waste money on a destructive-to-life fairy tale meant only to empower socialist totalitarians who want to import third-world illegal immigrants across their open borders so the totalitarians get more votes (a calculated and devious grab at the levers of power while subverting the democratic process)… heads will roll.
We see the beginnings of this in November 2018 in France’s Yellow Vest movement, which spread to Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Taiwan, Tunisia, the UK and Spain.
When the socialist totalitarians unveil their next egregious assault upon humanity and the people rise up in protest, this process will expand successively with each new assault. Of course, the totalitarians, being totalitarians, will respond with increasingly-deadly force, as we’ve seen in some of the protests already.
The only way we can attain any peace is to dispense with the socialist totalitarians once and for all. Whether that be via the democratic process or via extra-democratic means remains to be seen, but eventually this will take place.
We didn’t fight two world wars, shed blood, forfeit lives and waste treasure fighting their type, only to roll over and let them now take over the world. They will lose, as they always do, because they seek to subjugate all of humanity to their whim. Humanity will die fighting for their freedom, if need be. And there are more of us than there are of them, so in a war of attrition (as this sort of thing generally becomes), we will eventually prevail.
The only question which will remain… “Will we learn our lesson *this* time that we can never let the socialist totalitarians get near the levers of power?”
I find it interesting that the same people who think lower taxes = budget failure also think higher CO2 = climate failure. They seem unable to realize the multiple factors involved in complex systems are always interdependent in some way. “All else being equal…” never exists.
SR
The UK Met office historical records show that from about 1985 the UK average temperatures started to increase in parallel with hours of sunshine. If the hours of sunshine have increased this could be caused by reduced cloud cover.
that’s exactly what I thought as well!
rubbish!
there is no influence of CO2 on the weather
in fact, more CO2 is cooling the world, rather than warming..