Guest Post by Bob Tisdale
The UKMO issued their most recent 5-year global temperature forecast about a week ago. See their Decadal forecast press release for 2015. It has been getting a little press recently. The forecast description wasn’t as clear as it could have been, but the UKMO openly displayed the failure of the forecast from 2009 sea surface temperatures.
SUMMARY
The summary includes three bullet points. The first reads:
Averaged over the five-year period 2015-2019, forecast patterns suggest enhanced warming over land, and at high northern latitudes. There is some indication of continued cool conditions in the Southern Ocean, and of a developing cooling in the North Atlantic sub-polar gyre. The latter is potentially important for climate impacts over Europe, America and Africa.
This suggests that the UKMO’s models are capable of regional forecasting, yet at the end of the forecast they openly discuss factors that prevent this.
The second bullet point is:
Averaged over the five-year period 2015-2019, global average temperature is expected to remain high and is likely to be between 0.18°C and 0.46°C above the long-term (1981-2010) average of 14.3°C. This compares with an anomaly of +0.26°C observed in 2010 and 2014, currently the warmest years on record.
In other words, over the next five years, their models forecast that global surfaces may be a little warmer or a little cooler than 2014, as much as 0.2 deg C warmer or as much as 0.08 deg C cooler. [Sarc on.] That narrows it down. [Sarc off.]
Also, that second bullet point is basically the same as the 5-year forecast from 2014. See the WaybackMachine archive here:
Averaged over the five-year period 2014-2018, global average temperature is expected to remain high and is likely to be between 0.17°C and 0.43°C above the long-term (1981-2010) average. This compares with an anomaly of +0.26°C observed in 2010, the warmest year on record.
The final bullet point from the 2015 forecast reads:
Although the forecast generally indicates that global temperatures will remain high, it is not yet possible to predict exactly when the slowdown in surface warming will end.
The phrase “global temperatures will remain high” is curious. It leads one to believe that global surface temperatures might somehow return to “normal”.
Also, remarkably, the UKMO acknowledged in that bullet point (1) that the “slowdown in surface warming” continues and (2) that they still have no idea when the “slowdown” will end.
I suspect in response to that “slowdown in surface warming” statement we might see some flawed arguments that global warming continues, along with some graphs that show long-term (1900 to 2014) and short-term (1998-2014) trends are comparable. See my Figure 1. Similar graphs have appeared around the blogosphere.
My Figure 1
Why is that a flawed argument?
Predictions of gloom and doom are not based on warming rates of 0.06 to 0.08 deg C/decade. The climate models used by the IPCC for their recent 5th Assessment Report simulate much higher warming rates for the short-term. That is, the recent CMIP5 model estimates of short-term (1998-2014) warming and the projections of future global warming initially align with the warming rate from 1975 to present, not from 1900 to present. See the two graphs in my Figure 2.
My Figure 2
THE FORECAST FROM 2009 GLOBAL SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES WAS A CATASTROPHIC FAILURE
Under the heading of Verification, the second paragraph of the 2015 UKMO 5-year forecast reads and includes the following illustration:
The maps in Figure 4 compare observed (A) and forecast (B) surface temperatures (°C) for November 2009 to October 2014 relative to the 1981-2010 long-term average. Forecasts were made starting from November 2009 using the latest system based on HadGEM3. Stippling shows regions where the observed temperatures do not lie within the 5-95% range of the forecast.
Their Figure 4
Just in case you’re having difficulty seeing the differences and the stippling, see Animation 1. I’ve darkened the illustrations to bring out the stippling, which covers most of the globe. That means for much of Earth’s surface the observed global surface temperatures were outside the range of the multiple climate model runs used in the forecast. In other words, the 2009-based forecast was an abysmal failure.
Animation 1
The closing paragraph begins:
The decadal forecast system predicted enhanced warming over high northern latitudes, and cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sub-polar gyre. These are in broad agreement with the observations, although there are differences in the precise magnitude and location of anomalies.
“Broad agreement” is an odd phrase to use when stippling indicates the observed temperatures in much of the Southern Ocean and in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic did “not lie within the 5-95% range of the forecast”.
UKMO goes on to explain why the models failed in other regions:
However, the forecast did not predict the cooling in the eastern tropical Pacific associated with the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the cooling over parts of China associated with a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO). This is consistent with the fact that decadal prediction systems are not yet capable of predicting the PDO or the AO for the coming five years.
And the fact that the decadal prediction systems are still not able to predict the Arctic Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (an aftereffect primarily of El Niño and La Niña events) highlights a couple of cold realities: 5-year forecasts from the past that are more successful are based solely on luck, not skill, and all future regional forecasts are basically valueless until the UKMO is capable of forecasting natural variability such as El Niño and La Niña events, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, etc.
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Cartoon on the vagaries of signal processing:
http://www.maxphoton.com/digitization/
The prediction will be wrong as I expect a lower trend in global temperatures starting this year.
Steve Mosher is offering 2:1 against on it being 0.1 deg cooler. If he’s serious you have a chance to make back your judgement with hard cash.
No they won’t. HadCRU 4 + n will see to that.
UAH trend is higher than HadCRU.
Below is my completed version of how I think the climate changes. I had sent something similar but it was in haste and did not do it justice. My fault. I hope if anything this at least will accomplish thought on this subject. I pose some questions which I feel need to be answered in order to predict the climate going forward. Don Easterbrook also makes many valid points in regards to this.
This approach I have done is comprehensive which I think is missing to a great degree when explanations come out as to why/how the climate may changes. The one dominating item hence the climate change scenario does not cut it, which so many papers allude to.
This is what I have come up with.
Here is what I have concluded. My explanation as to how the climate may change conforms to the historical climatic data record which has led me to this type of an explanation. It does not try to make the historical climatic record conform to my explanation. It is in two parts.
PART ONE
HOW THE CLIMATE MAY CHANGE
Below are my thoughts about how the climatic system may work. It starts with interesting observations made by Don Easterbrook. I then reply and ask some intriguing questions at the end which I hope might generate some feedback responses. I then conclude with my own thoughts to the questions I pose.
From Don Easterbrook – Aside from the statistical analyses, there are very serious problems with the Milankovitch theory. For example, (1) as John Mercer pointed out decades ago, the synchronicity of glaciations in both hemispheres is ‘’a fly in the Malankovitch soup,’ (2) glaciations typically end very abruptly, not slowly, (3) the Dansgaard-Oeschger events are so abrupt that they could not possibility be caused by Milankovitch changes (this is why the YD is so significant), and (4) since the magnitude of the Younger Dryas changes were from full non-glacial to full glacial temperatures for 1000+ years and back to full non-glacial temperatures (20+ degrees in a century), it is clear that something other than Milankovitch cycles can cause full Pleistocene glaciations. Until we more clearly understand abrupt climate changes that are simultaneous in both hemispheres we will not understand the cause of glaciations and climate changes.
My explanation:
I agree that the data does give rise to the questions/thoughts Don Easterbrook, presents in the above. That data in turn leads me to believe along with the questions I pose at the end of this article, that a climatic variable force which changes often which is superimposed upon the climate trend has to be at play in the changing climatic scheme of things. The most likely candidate for that climatic variable force that comes to mind is solar variability (because I can think of no other force that can change or reverse in a different trend often enough, and quick enough to account for the historical climatic record) and the primary and secondary effects associated with this solar variability which I feel are a significant player in glacial/inter-glacial cycles, counter climatic trends when taken into consideration with these factors which are , land/ocean arrangements , mean land elevation ,mean magnetic field strength of the earth(magnetic excursions), the mean state of the climate (average global temperature), the initial state of the earth’s climate(how close to interglacial-glacial threshold condition it is) the state of random terrestrial(violent volcanic eruption, or a random atmospheric circulation/oceanic pattern that feeds upon itself possibly) /extra terrestrial events (super-nova in vicinity of earth or a random impact) along with Milankovitch Cycles.
What I think happens is land /ocean arrangements, mean land elevation, mean magnetic field strength of the earth, the mean state of the climate, the initial state of the climate, and Milankovitch Cycles, keep the climate of the earth moving in a general trend toward either cooling or warming on a very loose cyclic or semi cyclic beat but get consistently interrupted by solar variability and the associated primary and secondary effects associated with this solar variability, and on occasion from random terrestrial/extra terrestrial events, which brings about at times counter trends in the climate of the earth within the overall trend. While at other times when the factors I have mentioned setting the gradual background for the climate trend for either cooling or warming, those being land/ocean arrangements, mean land elevation, mean state of the climate, initial state of the climate, Milankovitch Cycles , then drive the climate of the earth gradually into a cooler/warmer trend(unless interrupted by a random terrestrial or extra terrestrial event in which case it would drive the climate to a different state much more rapidly even if the climate initially was far from the glacial /inter-glacial threshold, or whatever general trend it may have been in ) UNTIL it is near that inter- glacial/glacial threshold or climate intersection at which time allows any solar variability and the associated secondary effects no matter how SLIGHT at that point to be enough to not only promote a counter trend to the climate, but cascade the climate into an abrupt climatic change. The back ground for the abrupt climatic change being in the making all along until the threshold glacial/inter-glacial intersection for the climate is reached ,which then gives rise to the abrupt climatic changes that occur and possibly feed upon themselves while the climate is around that glacial/inter-glacial threshold resulting in dramatic semi cyclic constant swings in the climate from glacial to inter-glacial while factors allow such an occurrence to take place.
The climatic back ground factors (those factors being previously mentioned) driving the climate gradually toward or away from the climate intersection or threshold of glacial versus interglacial, however when the climate is at the intersection the climate gets wild and abrupt, while once away from that intersection the climate is more stable. Although random terrestrial events and extra terrestrial events could be involved some times to account for some of the dramatic swings in the climatic history of the earth( perhaps to the tune of 10% ) at any time , while solar variability and the associated secondary effects are superimposed upon the otherwise gradual climatic trend, resulting in counter climatic trends, no matter where the initial state of the climate is although the further from the glacial/inter-glacial threshold the climate is the less dramatic the overall climatic change should be, all other items being equal.
The climate is chaotic, random, and non linear, but in addition it is never in the same mean state or initial state which gives rise to given forcing to the climatic system always resulting in a different climatic out-come although the semi cyclic nature of the climate can still be derived to a degree amongst all the noise and counter trends within the main trend.
QUESTIONS:
Why is it when ever the climate changes the climate does not stray indefinitely from it’s mean in either a positive or negative direction? Why or rather what ALWAYS brings the climate back toward it’s mean value ? Why does the climate never go in the same direction once it heads in that direction?
Along those lines ,why is it that when the ice sheets expand the higher albedo /lower temperature more ice expansion positive feedback cycle does not keep going on once it is set into motion? What causes it not only to stop but reverse?
Vice Versa why is it when the Paleocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum once set into motion, that being an increase in CO2/higher temperature positive feedback cycle did not feed upon itself? Again it did not only stop but reversed?
My conclusion is the climate system is always in a general gradual trend toward a warmer or cooler climate in a semi cyclic fashion which at times brings the climate system toward thresholds which make it subject to dramatic change with the slightest change of force superimposed upon the general trend and applied to it. While at other times the climate is subject to randomness being brought about from terrestrial /extra terrestrial events which can set up a rapid counter trend within the general slow moving climatic trend.
Despite this ,if enough time goes by (much time) the same factors that drive the climate toward a general gradual warming trend or cooling trend will prevail bringing the climate away from glacial/inter-glacial threshold conditions it had once brought the climate toward ending abrupt climatic change periods eventually, or reversing over time dramatic climate changes from randomness.
NOTE 1- Thermohaline Circulation Changes are more likely in my opinion when the climate is near the glacial/inter-glacial threshold probably due to greater sources of fresh water input into the North Atlantic.
PART TWO
HOW THE CLIMATE MAY CHANGE
Below I list my low average solar parameters criteria which I think will result in secondary effects being exerted upon the climatic system.
My biggest hurdle I think is not if these low average solar parameters would exert an influence upon the climate but rather will they be reached and if reached for how long a period of time?
I think each of the items I list , both primary and secondary effects due to solar variability if reached are more then enough to bring the global temperatures down by at least .5c in the coming years.
Even a .15 % decrease from just solar irradiance alone is going to bring the average global temperature down by .2c or so all other things being equal. That is 40% of the .5c drop I think can be attained. Never mind the contribution from everything else that is mentioned.
What I am going to do is look into research on sun like stars to try to get some sort of a gage as to how much possible variation might be inherent with the total solar irradiance of the sun. That said we know EUV light varies by much greater amounts, and within the spectrum of total solar irradiance some of it is in anti phase which mask total variability within the spectrum. It makes the total irradiance variation seem less then it is.
I also think the .1% variation that is so acceptable for TSI is on flimsy ground in that measurements for this item are not consistent and the history of measuring this item with instrumentation is just to short to draw these conclusions not to mention I know some sun like stars (which I am going to look into more) have much greater variability of .1%.
I think Milankovich Cycles, the Initial State of the Climate or Mean State of the Climate , State of Earth’s Magnetic Field set the background for long run climate change and how effective given solar variability will be when it changes when combined with those items. Nevertheless I think solar variability within itself will always be able to exert some kind of an influence on the climate regardless if , and that is my hurdle IF the solar variability is great enough in magnitude and duration of time. Sometimes solar variability acting in concert with factors setting the long term climatic trend while at other times acting in opposition.
THE CRITERIA
Solar Flux avg. sub 90
Solar Wind avg. sub 350 km/sec
AP index avg. sub 5.0
Cosmic ray counts north of 6500 counts per minute
Total Solar Irradiance off .15% or more
EUV light average 0-105 nm sub 100 units (or off 100% or more) and longer UV light emissions around 300 nm off by several percent.
IMF around 4.0 nt or lower.
The above solar parameter averages following several years of sub solar activity in general which commenced in year 2005.
IF , these average solar parameters are the rule going forward for the remainder of this decade expect global average temperatures to fall by -.5C, with the largest global temperature declines occurring over the high latitudes of N.H. land areas.
The decline in temperatures should begin to take place within six months after the ending of the maximum of solar cycle 24.
Secondary Effects With Prolonged Minimum Solar Activity. A Brief Overview.
A Greater Meridional Atmospheric Circulation- due to less UV Light lower Ozone in Lower Stratosphere.
Increase In Low Clouds- due to an increase in Galactic Cosmic Rays.
Greater Snow-Ice Cover- associated with a Meridional Atmospheric Circulation/an Increase In Clouds.
Greater Snow-Ice Cover probably resulting over time to a more zonal atmospheric circulation. This circulation increasing the aridity over the ice sheets eventually. In addition to adding more Dust to the atmosphere over time.
Increase in Volcanic Activity – Since 1600 AD, data shows 85 % approximately of all major Volcanic eruptions have been associated with Prolonged Solar Minimum Conditions. Data from the Space and Science Center headed by Dr. Casey.
Volcanic Activity -acting as a cooling agent for the climate and enhancing aerosols possibly aiding in greater cloud formation.
Decrease In Ocean Heat Content/Sea Surface Temperature -due to a decline in Visible Light and Near UV light.
This in turn should diminish the Greenhouse Gas Effect over time, while promoting a slow drying out of the atmosphere over time. This may be part of the reason why aridity is very common with glacial periods.
Well, as for me, I am not believing any of that unless you have a model 🙂
Thanks Salvatore, You mentioned extraterrestrial events and gave them a nod. Can such events be as cyclical as for instance the annual meteor showers we have but on a slower (much slower) “cosmic” scale?. The event in Russia was completely unpredicted and if it had been at a slightly different angle would have had a huge impact. I am not an expert but our knowledge of asteroids, comets or Kuiper Belt objects are as limited as sensors in our oceans and some of THAT data is extrapolated into all kinds of predictions and models right or wrong. I personally believe our sun has an huge impact on our climate that impact is very little understood by most people, the effect of electrical and magnetic influences on our earth’s climate our tectonic plates, etc are just now starting to get attention.
Someone needs to track and compile the predictions of UKMO and others since rational error evaluation seems to be lacking in climate science as a rule. The habits of forgetting weather prediction error have been copied onto climate science. That is not acceptable when there is a global policy push based on its predictions.
You really have a problem with the year 1998, haven’t you?
1998 is commonly used as the start year of the slow-down in surface warming, Francois, even in scientific papers.
Isn’t their confidence interval 2.5% – 97.5%, not 5% – 95%?
this is the money quote. global warming will continue, except in places where people live.
Playing computer games – YAWN (but, of course, they get paid for it).
UKMO = Climatastrologist Agnotologists making the world more ignorant one forecast at a time.
Re: the graphs that show the 1900-2014 trends are similar to the 1998 to 2014 trend – does this not provide evidence that the most recent warming is not man made but part of a long term climb out of the Little Ice Age? After all the pre 1950 period is generally considered (even by the Warmists) to be not influenced by man, so if the long term trend (which includes 50 years of non AGW) equals the recent trend then the whole thing is most likely to be non AGW, isn’t it?
This current climatic interval we are in is similar to the climatic interval just before the Little Ice Age which started in a rather abrupt fashion around 1300ad.
The exact temperature deviation and extent of the Little Ice Age very unknown with all different values and extents given depending upon what source one looks at.
Nevertheless it was real and came on in an abrupt fashion.
My explanation for this in general is in the article I just posted. I think a repeat of this event is likely going forward.
Isn’t it time to look for more sophistication than linear regression over the most convenient period of time?
The worlds most powerful super computers are incapable of accurate
“Weather” forecast beyond 7-days.
How and why, would anyone presume
we can forecast aggregate “Climate”
5, 10, or 100-years into the future.
Indeed. I live on the northern Oregon coast. Recently there was a forecast for a very powerful storm with high winds, heavy rain, huge seas… the works. The warnings were dire, right up to the last moment. Now, forecasters have satellites looking right down on us, real-time; there are ships at sea giving a continuous stream of reports; there is an extensive offshore buoy network sending signals directly to the nerve center; there is the extensive Pika extinction derivative monitoring system 😉 …
What happened? It was mild with gentle winds and a delicate spritzing.
So much for 100 year forecasts.
I am south of you in No California. It has been a steady/moderate rain for around 12 hours. In the last hour it has tapered off to a light rain. I noticed yesterday that the Weather Channel had a fed flag warming for this area. That looks like over-hype now. This is nothing but a typical coastal/mountain rainfall.
“The decadal forecast system predicted enhanced warming over high northern latitudes, and cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic sub-polar gyre. These are in broad agreement with the observations, although there are differences in the precise magnitude and location of anomalies.”
It seems that standards of “agreement/disagreement” are not specified in advance. Are there quantitative measures of agreement, such as overall (or regional) integrated mean square error? (“integrated” across time and space) Is there any way to determine whether the next forecast “improved upon” the last forecast?
I think that if people viewed the chart of absolute temperatures , rather than just the changes the global warming debate would swing. The chart which is sometimes reproduced in blogs here show that the change in the last century is actually hard to see, whereas of .01 one year to .02 in year 2 represents a 100 percent increase in the rate of change. I think that by representing global temperature changes only as the rate of change rather than in the context of the total temperature pictorially people think it is warming quickly. Even a change of 1 degree is inperceptible to humans so why even talk about these smaller changes as being relevant .
When I have discussions on global warming I remember even as a child 55 years ago the weather was hot in February and January and most years since. I guarantee if the AGW movement hadn’t been created there would be no realisation that temperatures had changed. In fact by a process of brainwashing and manipulation AGW movement has indoctrinated people that it has warmed. I have no doubts ( especially those in the Northern Hemisphere) that if the AGW movement had been a AGC movement they could have manipulated and brainwashed people into believing that it had actually got cooler and was going to do so in the future.
So much time and money has been wasted on this bullshit and the sooner we can stop it the better everyone will be!
It’s UKMO speak. They are all endowed with it. You just need to be able to BS before training starts. After a short period you to will be able to BS like Betts, Pope a,d Slingo.
BFL
February 5, 2015 at 9:27 am
Well, as for me, I am not believing any of that unless you have a model 🙂
That is one of the points which is there is NO model that can predict climate change because of what I have presented.
I a trying to convey this through what I have presented and the questions I have posed.
BFL was being facetious.
Thanks, Bob. Good detection.
The longer the pause, the greater their problem.
I continually see the following in this forum: “if they can’t forecast weather accurately more than 7 days out, why do they think they can forecast the climate for the next 30 years?”
The answer from warmists is that it can be difficult to forecast short term phenomena, but long term trends are different. The analogy that I read (here) was that we can’t predict exactly how a bucketful of water would flow down a hill (that is, exactly what path it would take), but we can predict with reasonable confidence that it WILL flow down the hill.
From Dr. Norman Page,
The sharp drop in solar activity seen at 2005-6 in Fig 13 should result in a noticeable cooling and a steepening of the cooling trend in 2017 -2018.
I expect that within the next 5 years the MET office will have to acknowledge that their forecasting models and methods are useless.
My reply it is can be even sooner.
One point I had tried to make in my paper I just posted, and I am still trying to make when it comes to why/how the climate may change is the following:
The problem with so many in climate science is that they try to prove their points with specific items they want to try to convince us may or may not change the climate in ISOLATION ,rather then in the context of the entire picture.
Again a given force and magnitude changes of that force have to be taken into account against the entire spectrum of items that are exerting an influence on the climate at that given time ,along with the state of the climate at that given time in order to get a sense of what impact that specific force may or may not exert on the climate.
This is why it is so hard to prove and show a simple cause and effect relationship between the climate and items exerting a force upon the climate even though it does exist..
Their global temperatures are falsified. Starting with 1980 (or maybe earlier) they have given their temperature curves an upward boost amounting to 0.1 degree Celsius in an 18 year interval. As a result, the eighties and the nineties that preceded the super El Nino of 1998 are all shown as a warming region when in fact there is no warming there. Comparison with satellite temperatures [1] shows that global mean temperature in this region did not change from 1979 to 1997, an 18 year stretch. This is a no-warming period equivalent in length of the current “hiatus” of warming. The current hiatus in their graph is also afflicted by the same phony warming as the eighties and nineties.The total amount of no-warming time, obtained by adding the 18 years of the current hiatus plus the 18 years of no-warming in the eighties and nineties is 36 years. That is three quarters of the time that the IPCC was even existed. It follows that lack of warming is the normal way global temperature should be expected to exist.It leaves only 15 years since 1988 to accomplish all the alleged global warming that has happened since. The CMIP5 graphs shown are also prettu worthless. They show two major temperature drops built into their code and intended to signify the volcanic coolings from Pinatubo and El Chichon. It does not exist [2]. All volcanic cooling shown by IPCC exists in their imagination only. What is in their data-sets is a misidentification of La Nina valleys that have been hijacked to stand in for non-existent cooling. When an eruption coincided with an El Nino peak it was possible to do that as in the case of Pinatubo. But when the eruption coincided with a La Nina valley it was followed by an El Nino peak and the poor volcano was cheated out of a cooling of its own. Like the case of El Chichon, for example. Those “volcanologists” who invented volcanic cooling to this day are scratching their heads about it. All they had to do to learn the facts was to read my book [2]. This is true of “climate” scientists in general who are incompetent to do a literature search for a scientific paper.
[1] Arno Arrak, “What Warming? Satellite view of global temperature change (CreateSpace 2010), figure 15, page 32
[2] Ibid., pp. 17-21
Warmest snow evrrr:
http://m.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31159889
The average temperature of Earth is a nearly worthless statistic in the absence of real visible evidence that climate change has caused negative effects on people, animals and/or plants.
.
No such evidence exists (scary predictions are not evidence).
Therefore, the collection and analysis of the average temperature of Earth is a waste of taxpayer’s money.
Forecasts of the future average temperature of Earth are a waste of time even if the people making the forecasts work for free.
Temperature anomalies are meaningless random variations that do not predict the future climate.
100 years of temperature data are not enough to determine a long-term trend, and do not tell us when the current warming or cooling trend will end.
People who predict the average temperature for the next five years should be ignored for five years — and then after five years we can look at the predictions vs. actuals, and see if they were accurate … but since the average temperature of Earth seems to be in an uptrend since about 1850, it would not require much talent to predict that uptrend will continue for the next five years — extrapolating an existing trend is a meaningless “analysis” when there is no scientific explanation of exactly what is causing the trend.
If there are any local climate changes that seem unusual, those could be valuable to study, although every climate change trend in the past 4.5 billion years was natural, and could not be changed by humans, so studying the local climate doesn’t mean there’s anything we could do about it.
I understand there is a big dispute over whether the climate change from the late 1970s to late 1990s was natural, or the first climate trend in 4.5 billion years caused solely by manmade CO2.
Since the average temperature seems to have stopped rising in 1998, the claim that rising CO2 causes rising average temperature is losing credibility.
Predictions of the future climate, or future anything else, NEVER had credibility to me — I have no idea why so many other people take predictions of the future seriously.
We don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows, and we don’t need to know the average temperature of Earth to tell us if where we live has been usually hot or cold.
My blog, at the link below, has a report of why the average temperature of Earth is not an important statistic, and other articles on related subjects, such as how to discipline liberals by swatting them with a rolled up New York Times: :
http://www.elOnionBloggle.Blogspot.com
This winter will be long, as the solar cycle.
Current polar vortex at the height of 27 km.
http://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/isobaric/10hPa/orthographic=-97.92,82.45,395