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Of course it won’t make a difference in “global warming.” With 24 years of deductive reasoning under my belt as a chemist, I already knew that! And predicted all this in my novel GOING GREEN: http://chrisskates.com/novel-becomes-energy-crystal-ball/
The marine organisms have plenty of CO2 (in form of -bi-carbonates) available for them: CO2 is not a limiting factor for photosynthesis in the oceans. Trace elements like iron are the main limiting factor: there is abundant life where deep ocean upwelling brings a lot of trace elements to the surface…
Thus while more CO2 has its measurable influence on land plants, it hardly changes the uptake by sea plants.
ferdberple, October 14, 2014 at 6:04 am
[…] “Which suggests that:
1. CO2 is not well mixed” […]
====================
Ferdinand Engelbeen, October 14, 2014 at 11:45 am
“ferdberple,
About your points:
1. A maximum of +/- 2% of full scale difference between any two stations anywhere in the world, where about 20% of all CO2 is exchanged with other reservoirs in halve a year each direction, I call that well mixed. If you have a different definition for “well mixed”, I like to hear that” […]
=====
Ferdinand,
Do I have this right…
You don’t like stomatal density as as a proxy for past concentrations of CO2 because CO2 isn’t well mixed in the areas where plants grow.
But you like ice cores because CO2 is well-mixed in the places where ice grows.
?
Khwarizmi ,
For 95% of the atmosphere CO2 is well mixed. It is not well mixed in the first few hundred meters over land, where a lot of (mostly natural) sources and sinks are at work. That is where land plants grow and thus the stomata index (SI) data are biased by the local/regional CO2 levels which are influenced by sinks and sources in the main wind direction.
One can remove the bias by calibrating the SI data against ice cores, firn and direct CO2 measurements over the past century, but there is no guarantee that the local/regional bias didn’t change over the previous centuries due to landscape changes and even the main wind direction might have changed during certain periods (LIA vs. MWP).
See the difference in local CO2 levels (with nightly inversion) of Giessen (semi-rural), mid-west Germany and the same days at a few official stations, all raw, uncorrected data:
http://www.ferdinand-engelbeen.be/klimaat/klim_img/giessen_background.jpg
Even the average of the Giessen data is about 40 ppmv higher than the “background” data and the monthly averages are wildly variable.
There is hardly any CO2 variability in Antarctica, where most ice cores were drilled and very few CO2 sources and sinks are interfering. Only a continuous growth of CO2 levels is measured there.
Thus indeed, SI data are good indications of rapid changes, thanks to their better resolution, but their absolute CO2 levels must be taken with a grain of salt…
However, who cares if they underestimate CO2 absorption by plants. Co2 cannot do what they say, so this is more of an agricultural observation for the crop growers.
NO gas at any concentration in the atmosphere can warm the climate. During a sunny day, CO2 and water vapor are saturated with IR radiation and the absorption and emissions of IR are a wash, having no effect.
BUT, at night these gases are radiative gases, effectively converting atmospheric heat energy to IR radiation which is lost to space. This is why the air chills so rapidly when the Sun sets and why breezes pick up so rapidly on a partly cloudy day, as the air in shadows cools so rapidly that it creates small high pressure zones that then blow outward.
The are RADIATIVE gases and there is no such thing as a greenhouse gas.
I believed initially the AGW theory as it made some sense. The data seemed to back it. However, even then I totally disagreed with the prognosis that things would get worse as a result. Factually, 7 times more people die for a 1C change in temperature down than up. Therefore increasing 2C would produce a lot of saved lives not dead people. It would save lives. That’s only from the causes of pneumonia and other diseases and problems associated with colder weather. The fact is that negatives associated with warming temperatures are extremely cheap. For instance, France had 15,000 deaths from a heat wave 15 years ago. The next year there was a similar heat wave (even hotter) and 10 people died. Simple measures like drinking more water, having a fan or going to an air conditioned building occasionally, checking on relatives almost 100% eliminated deaths. The cures for deaths from colder temps are not nearly as easy to mitigate. Further as many of you are quite aware this 16% less change in CO2 than expected is clearly a result of increased biotic plant life. A LOT MORE PLANT LIFE. To generate that kind of CO2 absorbtion there must be a lot more plants. With more plants generally comes more animals. NASA satellites show a 50% increase in biotic life on the planet in the last 40 years. Measuring specific frequencies that plants absorb they are able to calculate overall the increase in plant life. This is in stark contrast to what we hear that the planet is dying. Quite the contrary all scientific evidence contradicts this. Some particular plants or animals may be suffering but one must consider the natural extinction and species introduction rates. There are 37 million species of all living things on the earth estimated. We don’t know what the natural number that die or are created every year. Therefore it is impossible to calculate an extinction rate that is abnormal or bad. It is not clear what is bad or good. How do you make judgement calls on nature? If we assume everything that man does must be bad then we still don’t know if the numbers have changed much or if any groups are changing much. Previous theories of extinction have proven 10-100 times too scary. It seems like AGW is probably about 5-10 times too scary than reality.
The temperature 5000 years ago called the climactic optimum was several degrees warmer by every estimate including AGW adherents. During this time human kind found enough plants that were able to be grown and produce food that several populations of humans around the world simultaneously established civilization and became agricultural allowing man to climb out of our hunter gatherer nomadic existence, allow specialization and civilization. It therefore seems unproven that 2 C rise is necessarily associated with negative environmental consequences. Descriptions of life at that time seem to have the nile river twice as big for instance. Predictions of droughts, massive storms don’t aren’t consistent with this. I would like to understand why the earth will react differently than it did 5,000 years ago?
Lastly, the earth over the last 300 or so years has been rising in temperature and even longer we know since the last ice age. So far every degree change that is upward has been associated with increasing human success and improvement of life. I don’t know if we can say the same for animals but our prosperity I would argue is helpful to animals as we are more enlightened and richer to help them and there is evidence that the environment and our treatment of all animals and plants increases beneficially as wealth increases. As a mathemetician, physicist there is no reason to believe that this next degree or two suddenly are bad. For that to be the case it means we are currently at the optimal temperature of the earth now. Probabilistically I am skeptical of statements that say our current situation is perfect and any variation up or down would be bad. I find that unlikely just on the face of it. No proof has been given or significant evidence that we happen to live at the “perfect” temperature.
Change produces negative and positive consequences. The probability that when studying the change the results are all negative is unbelievable. When the motivation of the authors of studies is to create alarm or their belief is that there is cause for alarm there is a virtual certainty they will find only negatives. This is the case and requires a skeptical mind to studies which show only negative or largely negative consequences. I simply don’t believe them. I wouldn’t vote a penny for any of these people to have additional funds to study things based on the quality of research we are seeing. I think we should fire the whole bunch and get a new batch of scientists to study this without an axe to grind and a objective skeptical opinion which is the “default” best position any scientist should take.
I am pretty sure any logical, scientific person would not believe the AGW theory nor the idea of negative consequences and that is why I engage scientists whenever I can to discover if they truly believe this stuff. So far I have not found many scientists who have an opinion or willing to defend an opinion. I took a global warming class at stanford and there was not any proof given for any large or catastrophic change in climate, the world or anything. All that could be explained in those weeks was some basic physics about co2 absorption and a few “facts” about this or that. No solid “science” was offered that could show any significant climate change. The professors were frustrated with my questions and they tried to change lectures to counter my points but none of them was curageous enough or capable of showing anything “provable” or even roughly like a proof that temps would climb 2-3C. No attempt was made to replicate Hansens paleontological analysis which I find extremely flawed and they must also because they didn’t even bother to try and use it. The models were clearly unprovable and consisted of unsupported unproven conjectures with high levels of errors built in. The head of Lawrence livermore climate modeling said in fact the models were bad and didn’t predict. When the class looked stunned he repeated his statement. They were bad. They didn’t work. He admitted the idea of averaging models had no statistical basis that made any sense.
Overall this whole thing is very upsetting in terms of what it means about science and science funding and science debate in the US.
Global climate models have underestimated the amount of CO2 being absorbed by plants, according to new research.
Scientists say that between 1901 and 2010, living things absorbed 16% more of the gas than previously thought.
The authors say it explains why models consistently overestimated the growth rate of carbon in the atmosphere.
But experts believe the new calculation is unlikely to make a difference to global warming predictions.
The research has been published in the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Working out the amount of carbon dioxide that lingers in the atmosphere is critical to estimating the future impacts of global warming on temperatures.
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29601644
Understanding and accurately predicting how global terrestrial primary production responds to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations is a prerequisite for reliably assessing the long-term climate impact of anthropogenic fossil CO2 emissions. Here we demonstrate that current carbon cycle models underestimate the long-term responsiveness of global terrestrial productivity to CO2 fertilization. This underestimation of CO2 fertilization is caused by an inherent model structural deficiency related to lack of explicit representation of CO2 diffusion inside leaves, which results in an overestimation of CO2 available at the carboxylation site. The magnitude of CO2 fertilization underestimation matches the long-term positive growth bias in the historical atmospheric CO2 predicted by Earth system models. Our study will lead to improved understanding and modeling of carbon–climate feedbacks.
The research has been published in the journal, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Impact of mesophyll diffusion on estimated global land CO2 fertilization
Abstract
In C3 plants, CO2 concentrations drop considerably along mesophyll diffusion pathways from substomatal cavities to chloroplasts where CO2 assimilation occurs. Global carbon cycle models have not explicitly represented this internal drawdown and therefore overestimate CO2 available for carboxylation and underestimate photosynthetic responsiveness to atmospheric CO2. An explicit consideration of mesophyll diffusion increases the modeled cumulative CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) for global gross primary production (GPP) from 915 to 1,057 PgC for the period of 1901–2010. This increase represents a 16% correction, which is large enough to explain the persistent overestimation of growth rates of historical atmospheric CO2 by Earth system models. Without this correction, the CFE for global GPP is underestimated by 0.05 PgC/y/ppm. This finding implies that the contemporary terrestrial biosphere is more CO2 limited than previously thought.
Source: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/10/10/1418075111
h/t to WUWT reader PhilW