Wind turbine payback period claimed to be within 8 months

IMG_20140524_195347[1]From Inderscience Publishers , something sure to make greens go “See, I told you!”, except for that little fatal mistake at the end. Read on.

Wind turbine payback

US researchers have carried out an environmental lifecycle assessment of 2-megawatt wind turbines mooted for a large wind farm in the US Pacific Northwest. Writing in the International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing, they conclude that in terms of cumulative energy payback, or the time to produce the amount of energy required of production and installation, a wind turbine with a working life of 20 years will offer a net benefit within five to eight months of being brought online.

Wind turbines are frequently touted as the answer to sustainable electricity production especially if coupled to high-capacity storage for times when the wind speed is either side of their working range. They offer a power source that has essentially zero carbon emissions.

Coupled lifecycle cost and environmental assessment in terms of energy use and emissions of manufacturing, installation, maintenance and turbine end-of-life processing seems to be limited in the discussions for and against these devices. “All forms of energy generation require the conversion of natural resource inputs, which are attendant with environmental impacts and costs that must be quantified to make appropriate energy system development decisions,” explain Karl Haapala and Preedanood Prempreeda of Oregon State University, in Corvallis.

The pair has carried out a life cycle assessment (LCA) of 2MW wind turbines in order to identify the net environmental impact of the production and use of such devices for electricity production. An LCA takes into account sourcing of key raw materials (steel, copper, fiberglass, plastics, concrete, and other materials), transport, manufacturing, installation of the turbine, ongoing maintenance through its anticipated two decades of useful life and, finally, the impacts of recycling and disposal at end-of-life.

Their analysis shows that the vast majority of predicted environmental impacts would be caused by materials production and manufacturing processes. However, the payback for the associated energy use is within about 6 months, the team found. It is likely that even in a worst case scenario, lifetime energy requirements for each turbine will be subsumed by the first year of active use. Thus, for the 19 subsequent years, each turbine will, in effect, power over 500 households without consuming electricity generated using conventional energy sources.

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Haapala, K.R. and Prempreeda, P. (2014) ‘Comparative life cycle assessment of 2.0 MW wind turbines’, Int. J. Sustainable Manufacturing, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.170-185.

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The mistake, or some might call it an inconvenient oversight:

Thus, for the 19 subsequent years, each turbine will, in effect, power over 500 households without consuming electricity generated using conventional energy sources.

The problem here is the assumption that a wind turbine is the equivalent of a conventional coal or nuclear power plant. It isn’t, and as we know wind is not a constant thing:

“My biggest fear is if you see 20 percent wind on your system, and then it comes off at a time period where you don’t have resources to replace it — that’s going to, could, result in a blackout situation,” he says.

If there was not a backup power source that could be controlled 24/7/365 for those 500 homes, they would be in the dark when the wind falls below minimum levels needed to operate the wind turbine.

For example, a popular wind Turbine, the Vesas V90-2.0 2 megawatt turbine says in the technical specifications:

VestasV90_specs

4 meters per second is equal to 8.9 miles per hour. By my own observation, I can say there are quite a number of days where wind is lower than that at ground level and even at tower height. Today for example, there is quite a number of areas with low or no wind in the United States. The blues are the low wind speed colors.

CONUS_Wind-6-16-14

Source: http://earth.nullschool.net/#2014/03/26/0900Z/wind/surface/level/equirectangular=-96.36,44.28,879

As we have seen before, when power is needed most, we can’t always count on the wind to blow at a level that will keep a wind turbine producing, requiring another power source to back it up. Thus, it is a blatant fallacy to claim:

…each turbine will, in effect, power over 500 households without consuming electricity generated using conventional energy sources.

 

 

 

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Karl Heuer
June 20, 2014 8:25 am

http://bergey.com/wind-school/articles/wind-electric-pumping-systems-for-communities-2
http://www.cprl.ars.usda.gov/pdfs/Wind-Electric%20Water%20Pumping%20Systems%20for%20Rural%20Domestic.pdf
as far as dependable baseload power — Stanford University did a study that proves through real world measurements at multiple farms that grid interconnected wind CAN be used as dependable baseload power — it is cited above
If you choose to not read it and remain ignorant regarding the efficacy of wind as baseload power that is your right.

June 20, 2014 9:26 am

Karl Heuer:
In your post at June 20, 2014 at 8:25 am you write

Stanford University did a study that proves through real world measurements at multiple farms that grid interconnected wind CAN be used as dependable baseload power — it is cited above
If you choose to not read it and remain ignorant regarding the efficacy of wind as baseload power that is your right.

Some stupid academic reports are published most days.
The wind can stop blowing for several days over large areas. Windpower produces no electricity when there is no wind. Wind cannot be stored, and electricity cannot be stored in significant amounts.
If you choose to pretend these facts are not reality and to believe in nonsense which suggests the wind can provide baseload power that is your right. But you should not be permitted to impose the effects of your irrational beliefs on others.
Richard

Karl Heuer
June 20, 2014 11:02 am

richard
It was published in the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, a well respected peer review required publication.
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2007JAMC1538.1
http://www.stanford.edu/group/efmh/winds/aj07_jamc.pdf‎ (paper)
Read the paper — assess the materials and methods (they actually used hourly and daily wind speed measurements) then —
Attempt to technically refute the study
Scientifically — the onus is upon you to refute with a technically sound argument

June 20, 2014 11:18 am

Karl Heuer:
At June 20, 2014 at 11:02 am you say to me

Scientifically — the onus is upon you to refute with a technically sound argument

No!
You tabled the paper, not me.
You claim it says something, not me.
Scientifically – the onus is on you to summarise its arguments if you want me to consider it.
At present I only know you claim the paper attempts to show from theoretical considerations that something is possible when I have good reason to understand it is physically impossible.
Baseload needs to be continuous. Wind and wind powered electricity are not continuous. Wind cannot be stored and electricity cannot be stored in large amounts.
I have much better things to do than to read something which is so unrealistic that you have failed to explain it. I always adopt this scientifically proper response when somebody tells me the onus is on me to study e.g. a perpetual motion machine that they have asserted but not explained.
Richard

Scott W
June 20, 2014 12:53 pm

Links 1 & 2 are about pumping water for farms, not base load power. They only claim wind-electric is better than wind-mechanical. If farmers want to play around in this niche area it’s there choice.
Link 3 talks about interconnecting wind farms to reduce transmission inefficiency and reduce issues when the wind doesn’t blow. Link 4 is broken.
Not impressed. It is common for a large weather system to halt the wind across the entire state. Occasionally the entire Midwest is windless. It doesn’t matter that it only happens once a year.
Linking the wind farms only means one can be back-up for the other, maybe (see above). Every KWH of wind still needs to be backed up by fossil. Wind can never be used for base load electric because it always has to be backed up.

Scott W
June 20, 2014 1:26 pm

Karl Heuer
These links are NOT what you claim.
The abstract to #3 states that an AVERAGE of 33% wind power can be used as base load. (That means on AVERAGE for 67% of the installed capacity in not producing electricity. )
The abstract also give a maximum of 47%. However, the ONLY important number is the minimum – because on the days when the minimum occurs back up power is needed for (100% – min).
Please re-read the paper and share with us the minimum value and how often it occurred.
And, then explain how anything more than that minimum can be claimed to be base load power?!

June 20, 2014 1:37 pm

Scott W:
Thanks for your post at June 20, 2014 at 12:53 pm but I am not surprised.
You went to the trouble of reading the paper and reporting it. I would not have bothered.
I always assume a paper is rubbish when it is asserted to make an extraordinary claim which its proponent does not explain but asserts must be true because the paper is peer reviewed.
I will examine anything – extraordinary or not – which is provided together with a plausible explanation whether or not it is peer reviewed.
Richard

Scott W
June 20, 2014 1:46 pm

Richard
I was doing data collection where it takes ~2 minutes to save and reload for the next run. The run itself takes ~5 minutes, not enough time to work on anything complicated. Checking out his links was a welcome distraction.
Academic studies are fine, but they are not PROVEN until someone in the REAL world takes the risk and implements them.
Scott

Karl Heuer
June 25, 2014 10:42 am

Scott — Denmark did — they get 28% of their electricity from Wind — I’m not doing the search to find what the continuous baseload power contribution was.
The FACTS are that storage systems today: compressed air energy storage, pumped water storage, underground flywheel storage, ultracapacitors, and high density lI-ion batteries with charge discharge cycles in the tens of thousands — EXIST , and can easily ameliorate any “dead wind” time.
Large Scale, Community, and Home based PV and Wind can and will supplant Centralized thermal power stations — it is inevitable both from a continuity of service, and national security standpoint.
FYI — you can now get UL Listed PV panels for $0.34 per watt — 5 years ago the price was $5/watt
http://sunelec.com/

BDK
June 29, 2014 10:45 pm

Calculations may be off.
Transport may not rely on windpower.
Renewable power may not give you the stability you need.
US power grids may be so poorly designed it hard to use.
That does not mean its useless.
http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/04/electricity-prices-fall-europe-german-renewable-energy-increases/

June 29, 2014 11:22 pm

BDK:
At June 29, 2014 at 10:45 pm you say in total

Calculations may be off.
Transport may not rely on windpower.
Renewable power may not give you the stability you need.
US power grids may be so poorly designed it hard to use.
That does not mean its useless.
http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/04/electricity-prices-fall-europe-german-renewable-energy-increases/

That depends on your definition of “useless”.
A vehicle is not made “useless” if it is provided with additional wheels that are made from solid gold. But the addition is expensive, pointless, reduces fuel efficiency, and has additional risks.
Similarly, adding windpowered subsidy farms to an electricity grid system is expensive, pointless, reduces fuel efficiency, and has additional risks.
Richard

Adam
June 30, 2014 3:37 am

I will install three tomorrow and hand in my resignation at work. You can catch me in Alcapulco sipping cocktails by the sea.

inane
June 30, 2014 7:33 am

Read the article and you might notice that they assume “A 2.0 MW wind turbine would generate 6.12 GWh per year, assuming a 35% capacity factor”. Please correct your article accordingly.

thecrud
June 30, 2014 8:42 am

The only person you need to listen to are the people who have bought them installed them and are making money. Everyone else is a poser.

BDK
June 30, 2014 8:43 am


You can call it golden wheels or whatever you want. Meanwhile ill be laughing my ass off here in Europe as my electricity bill just got cheaper.

June 30, 2014 8:59 am

BDK:
At June 30, 2014 at 8:43 am you say


You can call it golden wheels or whatever you want. Meanwhile ill be laughing my ass off here in Europe as my electricity bill just got cheaper.

Cheaper!? What part of Europe are you in?
Here in the UK our electricity bills are soaring and we have thousands of excess deaths each winter as a result of fuel poverty. The windfarms are a significant contribution to this.
Windpower is several times more expensive than thermal power and it is less reliable. That is why the power of the wind and the power of the muscles of animals and slaves were displaced when the great energy intensity in fossil fuels became available by use of the steam engine.
Richard

June 30, 2014 9:02 am

thecrud:
At June 30, 2014 at 8:42 am you say

The only person you need to listen to are the people who have bought them installed them and are making money. Everyone else is a poser.

OK. So you own some turbines and are reaping the subsidies that are obtained from people too poor to buy some turbines.
Richard

June 30, 2014 12:45 pm

Great info! It’s a shame most people don’t understand the numbers although the truth how I see it is oil, gas, coal and nuclear companies, investors and EMPLOYEES, don’t want to see sustainable energies dominate the market because the people in or affiliated with the aforementioned industries feel their financial securities at risk instead of seeing the massive opportunities available when we live in a world with cheaper energy prices!
If sustainable energies takeover forget the the environmental benefits it’s the new economy that gets me the most excited! A technological revolution would follow when energy prices fall. It’s a shame brainwashed people are still looking at things in a backwards fashion!
Anyway if it’s meant to be it will happen!

Kjetil Nesheim
June 30, 2014 3:36 pm

> steve (@RichinWriterss) says:
>how I see it is oil, gas, coal and nuclear companies, investors and EMPLOYEES, don’t want to >see sustainable energies dominate the market
None off the listed think that wind and/or solar energies will ever dominate the market. Storage system needed will cost much more than the wind and solar farms needed. Together with storage you’ll also need generators that can produce the same amount as the wind and solar farm can do.
The math is simple when you can regulate the energy source you need 1 system. When the energy source is variable you need at least 3 systems. A singel system is a lot cheaper than a multisystem at equal capasity.

Maury Markowitz
July 1, 2014 9:39 am

Hmmm. The original statement seems to be correct, or near it. The original statement was:
“Thus, for the 19 subsequent years, each turbine will, in effect, power over 500 households without consuming electricity generated using conventional energy sources.”
According to the EIA, the average US household burns about 10 MWh per year (wow, here in Cannuckia it’s 2.5 times that!). A 2 MW wind generator with a CF of 0.25 will generate (24 x 356) x 0.25 x 2000 = 4,380,000 kWh a year. If a house burns 10,000, that’s 438 houses. Actually I’m not sure where that 0.25 number came from (it’s in the comments), as the average here in Ontario is .30, which gives us 5,256,000 kWh, which is indeed “over 500 households”.
Every watt-hour that comes from a renewable really is a watt-hour that isn’t coming from a non-renewable. That’s pretty much the definition. So on that basis, the original statement is absolutely correct. Of course the argument here then shifts goalposts, to something the original authors did not say, or even imply. I see nothing in their work that suggests wind power *replaces* other forms, simply supplants it, and the conclusion quoted here doesn’t say what is being claimed. You do see that part about “in effect”, right? That’s what “in effect” means.
So let’s examine the concern being raised here, using the example from the post that appears directly above this editing area:
“Together with storage you’ll also need generators that can produce the same amount as the wind and solar farm can do”
This is true, but it’s also true for practically all other forms of power. For instance, coal plants take hours to spool up or down, which is why they always relied on additional sources like hydro or natural gas to help out. Nuclear plants, at least the majority of them, have very little throttling capability, and relied on a battery of backup systems to provide averaging-out. Here in Ontario, for instance, we get just over 50% of our power from nuclear, which demanded we also build the largest coal plant in the western world (Nanticoke) to power through the daily peaks.
In spite of the difference in technical terms being really nothing more than a matter of degree, in the larger debate nothing could be more blown out of proportion. Note, for instance, that no one mentions anything about storage or peaking issues for coal plants, which have reduced efficiency when changing load. But when discussing renewables, according to the detractors it is an insurmountable problem that will bankrupt the planet.
As always, the truth lies between the extremes of the wedge. The grid always has lots of spare peaking capacity these days, thanks to the rapid uptake of NG turbines as a primary power source, so we have lots and lots of room for additional PV and wind. In the US the deployment curves are basically identical, between now and 12 months from now, new PV+wind ~= new NG. Either one of the sides of that equation is far, far larger than all other new generation sources put together.
You can complain all you want, but you really are tilting at windmills. Wind, solar and NG are the fastest growing power sources on the planet, by far, and this growth shows no signs of changing any time soon. Complain all you want, but the power companies appear too busy actually fixing real problems to worry too much about made-up concerns.

July 1, 2014 10:27 am

Maury Markowitz says:
Wind, solar and NG are the fastest growing power sources on the planet, by far, and this growth shows no signs of changing any time soon.
I agree. So long as immense taxpayer subsidies are shoveled into these extremely inefficient power sources, they will continue to grow. But the plain fact is that they would wither on the vine if the subsidies were cut off. That makes them completely different from conventional power sources such as coal or natgas.
Really, the subsidies are unconscionable. They should be ended. Fossil fuels are by far the best power sources. The ‘reason’ for demonizing coal is because the enviro groups were convinced that CO2 — “carbon” — causes global warming. But since there is no evidence of that, and because global warming stopped 17+ years ago, it is time to stop the ‘alternative power’ nonsense.

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