Guest essay by Christopher Monckton of Brenchley
Once upon a time, the meetings of the World Economic Forum in Davos were gatherings of free-market economists and entrepreneurs. Not any more. Predatory corporatism and pietistic étatisme have moved in and captured the Davos event. Their dismal handmaiden, the Thermageddon cult, was not slow to follow.
This year’s WEF annual “insight report” on global risks bizarrely rates “climate change” and “extreme weather events” as two of the three global threats with the greatest combined impact and likelihood (Fig. 1).
Figure 1: As the “climate crisis” fades to a record low, the imagined threats from “climate change” and “extreme weather” have soared to a record high (top right) among the profiteers of doom in Davos.
As climate science becomes frozen in record Antarctic ice, as The Pause grows ever longer, and as the IPCC (another international bunch of crooks for which the racketeer-influenced criminal organization that is modern Switzerland provides a jurisdiction-free safe haven) slashes its near-term predictions of global warming to a record low, the Thermageddon cult has silently captured the World Economic Forum.
Remarkably, the date of the capture is highly visible (Fig. 2). Before 2011, environmental “threats” did not figure among the WEF’s top five global risks by impact (top) and likelihood (bottom). From 2011 onward, the green panels marking supposed environmental “risks” startlingly proliferate.
Figure 2. The WEF’s top five global risks by impact (top) and by likelihood (bottom) have been dominated by imagined environmental catastrophes (green panels) since 2011. Diagram based on the WEF’s 2014 Global Risks report.
Yet there was no particular reason for alarm about our effect on the climate in 2011. What had happened? Perhaps the usual suspects, having failed in their big push for a total shutdown of the West at Copenhagen in 2009, looked around for new international bodies to capture and eventually lit upon the politically-naïve World Economic Forum.
I use the word “naïve” advisedly. For the Davos risk report, even by the low standards set by climate-change bed-wetters everywhere, is an exceptionally hysterical and overblown document. The WEF has gone full stupid.
Its pompous global-risks report says: “Environmental risks also feature prominently in this year’s list, appearing as three of the top 10 global risks of greatest concern.
“Water crises, for instance, rank as the third highest concern. This illustrates a continued and growing awareness of the global water crisis as a result of mismanagement and increased competition for already scarce water resources from economic activity and population growth. Coupled with extreme weather events such as floods and droughts, which appears sixth on the list, the potential impacts are real and happening today.
“Climate change, ranked fifth on the list, is the key driver of such uncertain and changing weather patterns, causing an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as floods and droughts.”
Now, the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report makes it quite plain that one cannot yet attribute any extreme-weather event to “global warming”. It specifically states that there is no discernible additional risk of cyclones, storms, droughts, and floods. And analyses such as Dr. Ryan Maue’s Accumulated Cyclone Energy Index confirm this. Yet the report wails, “Typhoon Haiyan took a heavy toll on the Philippines, even as global leaders debated climate change in Warsaw in November 2013.”
It moans on: “Climate change features among the five most likely and most impactful risks. Among other environmental risks, extreme weather events are considered the second most likely, and water crises also appear high on the list.”
And the solution? “This suggests a pressing need for better public information about the potential consequences of environmental threats, given that collective action will need to be based on common understanding.”
Here we go again. The Davos Thermageddonites blame the continuing failure of the West to shut itself down on insufficient propaganda to convince the public that global warming that has not happened caused extreme weather that has.
The fashionable nonsense continues with a whine about third-world countries being most at risk: “Drought and flood could increasingly ravage the economies of poorer countries, locking them more deeply into cycles of poverty.”
The report winds itself up into the usual mannered frenzy with a panel luridly entitled “An Emerging Spectrum of Catastrophic Risks: Existential Threats”, contributed by the “Global Agenda Council on Catastrophic Risks”, of which more in a moment
“Climate change”, says the Global Armageddon Commissariat, “could tip into a self-reinforcing, runaway phase of rising temperatures.”
Er, no, it can’t. I’m not sure that even the holy books of IPeCaC have ever suggested that runaway temperature feedback is even a possibility. In any event, elementary considerations in the mathematics of feedback amplification make runaway feedback an impossibility.
Figure 3 shows the plot of the IPCC’s 2007 estimates of climate sensitivity at CO2 doubling: y axis) against loop gain γ (x axis). The IPCC’s 3.26 [2.0, 4.5] K interval of estimated sensitivities is marked, showing its implicit loop gain values 0.64 [0.42, 0.74].
Figure 3. Climate sensitivity at CO2 doubling (y axis) against feedback loop gains γ = λ0f on the interval [–1, 3] (x axis), where λ0 is the Planck sensitivity parameter 0.31 K W–1 m2 and f is the sum in W m–2 K–1 of all unamplified temperature feedbacks. The interval of climate sensitivities given in IPCC (2007) is shown as a red-bounded region; a more physically realistic interval, consistent with Lindzen & Choi (2009, 2011) is bounded in green. In electronic circuitry, the singularity at γ = +1 has a physical meaning: in the climate, it has none. In the climate, therefore, the feedback-amplification equation requires a damping term that is absent in the models.
Process engineers designing electronic circuits intended not to oscillate adopt a maximum value γ = 0.1 for the loop gain (and usually an order of magnitude below this). Thus, in a stable circuit, everything to the right of the blue line is designed out.
For the past 750 million years, the climate has behaved as a stable circuit. The temperature-feedback loop gain cannot much have exceeded +0.1, for throughout that time, according to Scotese (1999) (and see Zachos, 2005), global mean surface temperature has varied by only 8 K, or 3%, either side of the long-run mean.
In the past 420,000 years the near-constancy of global temperature has been still more impressive (Fig. 4). Absolute global temperature reconstructed from the Vostok ice cores fluctuated by less than 3 K, or 1%, either side of the mean.
Figure 4. Global temperature reconstruction over the past 420,000 years derived from δ18O anomalies in air trapped in ice strata at Vostok station, Antarctica. To render the anomalies global, the values of the reconstructed anomalies (y axis) have been divided by the customary factor 2 to allow for polar amplification. Diagram based on Petit et al. (1999). Note that all four previous interglacial warm periods, at intervals of 80,000-125,000 years, were at least as warm as the current warm period. Data source: Petit et al. (1999).
Indeed, the feedback-amplification may be the wrong equation altogether. For in an electronic circuitry the striking singularity at γ = +1 describes a physical reality. At that point, the voltage – which had been striving to reach positive inifinity – flicks from the positive to the negative rail. In the climate, however, no such transition is possible. Temperature feedbacks that have been as strongly net-positive as the IPCC fancifully imagines they are cannot suddenly drive global temperature down rather than up. Besides, there is such a thing as negative voltage, but there is no such thing as negative temperature.
In short, a damping term is necessary to permit the Bode feedback-amplification equation to be applied to the climate at all. But any value sufficient to keep the loop gain well shy of the singularity would limit climate sensitivity to the interval marked “Probable” in green on Fig. 3, implying little more than 1 K global warming per CO2 doubling. There is, therefore, no climate problem: and, even if there were, the runaway feedback eagerly imagined by the WEF cannot exist, does not exist, and has shown not the slightest sign of having existed in the past 750 million years.
The WEF rants on to blame the war in Syria on global warming: “For example, while there is no doubt a number of reasons caused the devastating civil war, recent research is unearthing the hidden role that climate change, extreme weather events and a water crisis also played in Syria. Between 2006 and 2011, up to 60% of Syria’s land experienced one of the worst long-term droughts in modern history. Together with the mismanagement of water resources, this drought led to total crop failure for 75% of farmers, forcing their migration and increasing tensions in urban cities that were already experiencing economic insecurity and instability.”
That passage nicely illustrates the problem posed by the lack of anything that our ancestors from the late Middle Ages to the Second World War would have recognized as an education on the part of the “world leaders” who flatter themselves by attending the Davos junket.
For if every drought is blamed on global warming, and every flood is blamed on global warming, and every heatwave is blamed on global warming, and every circumpolar-vortex cold snap is blamed on global warming, two conclusions follow. First, that global warming has been relentlessly increasing for 4567 million years, entirely accounting for every climatic event that has ever occurred, is now occurring, or will ever occur. Yet if global warming has been increasing for that long, how can we tell whether the small warming that ceased 17 years 4 months ago was anything much to do with us?
Secondly, if every change in the weather is held to be our fault, how can the hypothesis that manmade warming is a problem be falsified? A hypothesis that cannot be falsified is little more than a curiosity. It is not science, and no policy action may legitimately be taken on the basis of unless and until it is first modified to make it testable and is then tested and not disproven.
At least the Davos dirge admits, albeit in a roundabout way, that its take on climate science goes beyond even that of the generally extremist IPCC: “The risk multiplier that climate change presents to water shortages, biodiversity loss, ocean damage and deforestation also creates a complex ‘heterarchy’, rather than a simple hierarchy, of environmental risks, often with non-linear patterns of change and self-fuelling feedback mechanisms. This heterarchy is not contained within IPCC models, but could encompass the greatest economic risk of all from climate change.” Runaway feedbacks again.
The report maunders on: “Climate change could tip into a self-reinforcing, runaway phase of rising temperatures”. Runaway feedbacks for the third time. It ain’t gonna happen. Back to Process Engineering 101, boys!
But the Wild Extremists and Fanatics are not done yet. They go on to talk of climate change as threatening “to make the Earth increasingly uninhabitable”. Oh, pur-leaze! Some 90% of the world’s species of flora and fauna live in the tropics, where the last time I looked (on a recent visit to the avian paradise that is Colombia) the weather is somewhat warmer than at the poles, where around 1% of the world’s species live.
An elementary knowledge of high-school geography ought to have been enough to make the Davos dunderheads think twice before musing that the Earth would become “increasingly uninhabitable” as it warmed.
The “Global Agenda Council on Climate Change” contributes a second box to the report, this time entitled “Poor Countries Are Losing Ground in the Race to Adapt to a Changing Climate”
It says: “The year 2014 is likely to be crucial for addressing climate risks, a point made by United Nations (UN) climate chief Christiana Figueres at the Warsaw Climate Change Conference. Countries made only limited progress on issues such as emissions reduction, loss and damage compensation, and adaptation. Greater progress is urgently needed to create incentives and mechanisms to finance action against climate change while efforts are made to keep temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius.”
There is no scientific basis for the notion that global temperature in 1750 was ideal and that anything more than 2 Celsius degrees above that temperature is less than ideal. What is the ideal global temperature interval, and on what scientific basis is that interval determined? The WEF fails to enlighten us on either question.
Who has captured the World Economic Forum? One clue lies in the membership of the “Global Agenda Council on Climate Change”, a title that sounds uncannily like one of the thousands of KGB-funded front groups furtively set up throughout the West by the Soviet Union as its sock-puppets to peddle disinformation in the bad old days.
The members of the Commissariat are Swiss Re (a reinsurance broker as notorious as Lloyds of London for exploiting non-existent global warming to talk up premiums); Notre Dame Global Adaptation Institute (taxpayer-funded me-too academic rent-seekers); Yvo De Boer, KPMG International Cooperative (he once ran the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change); Yara International (“sustainable agriculture”); Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (taxpayer-funded); Carnegie Institution for Science (me-too); Christiana Figueres, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (’nuff said); Connie Hedegaard, European Commission (’nuff said); Tokyo Institute of Technology (taxpayer-funded); HSBC Asia Pacific (me-too); Deutsche Bank (long-term global-warming fanatics); Aecom Technology Corporation (architects and builders “Dedicated To Making The World A Better Place”); Qatar Foundation (they hosted the 2012 UN climate summit at which I inadvertently represented Burma); Ministry of Water and Environmental Affairs, South Africa (taxpayer-funded); Federal Ministry of Germany for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (taxpayer-funded); Baker & McKenzie (“Global Corporate Sustainability” law firm); World Bank (unelected international racket profiteering from every fashionable scare); and Climate Group (the usual suspects, including New York State).
This rogues’ gallery is a revealing illustration of the convergence of large corporations and taxpayer-funded groups who have adopted an extremist stance on the climate question not because it is scientific but because it is fashionable.
Finally, Fig. 5 gives the list of the Top Ten Global Risks as imagined by the World Economic Forum.
Figure 5. The WEF’s Top Ten Global Risks. Its report says: “Climate change, ranked fifth on the list (see Box 1.4), is the key driver of such uncertain and changing weather patterns, causing an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. It is important to consider the combined implications of these environmental risks on key development and security issues, such as food security, and political and social instability, ranked eighth and 10th respectively.”
It is difficult to decide whether the authors of this childishly extreme document genuinely believe the anti-scientific fantasies and fatuities they peddle or whether the global classe politique has at last realized that global warming is never going to occur at anything like the previously-predicted rate. If CO2 goes on rising and the temperature goes on not rising, everyone will know the governing class was wrong when it told us it was 95% confident it was right. So its best escape route is to bully scientifically-illiterate governments into vastly reducing global CO2 emissions and then to claim that the continuing failure of the world to warm is their noble achievement rather than what would have happened anyway.
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The greenies are almost right except they left off one key word …global warming and climate change ALARMISM represents one of the biggest global risks to future economic well being. Maybe it was a typo!
When we come out of a full-glacial period, we come out at a very fast pace melting miles of ice in only a few thousand years. Positive feedback is clearly very strong during the temperature rise. The rise stops very abruptly though (on a dime if you will). This is not typical of most systems and usually only occurs if one reaches saturation (we’ve hit the limit of the system). The other option is a new MUCH stronger negative feedback mechanism kicks in. I’m dismayed though that few (none?) consider that one of these scenarios MUST be the case (what else could stop warming in it’s tracks like that?).
My theory is the strong positive feedback is albedo. The snow and ice melts revealing an much darker absorbing layer. Temperatures rise as a result, more snow and ice melts … and so on. Saturation would occur when there is no more ice, but we never get to that point though anymore (Earth in the past probably did).
The strong negative feedback must be clouds. At a certain threshold temperature clouds start to appear as a new source of light reflection. A small temperature increase is now met with higher albedo. One can theorize as much as they want how clouds might be positive feedback or negative feedback, but in order to stop the rise of temperatures out of a full-glacial period the MUST be negative feedback, and very strong negative feedback at that.
If this is true then global warming is necessarily limited and a non-issue. Does anyone have a third possibility that explain the shapes of ice-age temperature graphs?
When I was designing feedback amplifiers for a living, it was fashionable to sum (with correct polarity) the “feedback signal” as a sample (perhaps modified by some linear process (filter)) , with the “input signal” to get an effective input the actual amplifying gain system.
To build a climate analog of such a system, taking atmospheric CO2 as the “sampling” means that gathers a sample of the “climate output”, namely the “global Temperature” and its resulting surface emitted LWIR radiant emission; one would then sum that effect, with the original system input signal, that causes the earth surface temperature to rise above some very cold temperature; and that input signal would be the sun input. It certainly would not be the LWIR radiation, that might be returned to the surface, from that CO2 sampling process.
But when one looks for a CO2 feedback to the solar input, one can only find a miniscule CO2 absorption of incoming solar spectrum energy, I seem to recall in the 2.5 micron region.
Now water vapor is also a GHG absorbing means, and surface warming leads to more atmospheric water vapor (7% more per 1 deg C warming, per Frank Wentz) but water vapor absorbs significant incoming solar energy starting around 700 nm, and that absorbed solar spectrum energy never makes it to principally, the deep ocean energy storage pool. Instead, it gets down shifted to the LWIR region and emitted isotropically, so only half of it even returns to the surface, where it has little chance of adding to the deep ocean storage.
So viewed in this way, it seems to me that H2O is the real feedback to the solar input, and not CO2, and the feedback is definitely negative, since more solar input energy, leads to more water vapor, which absorbs more solar energy, which thus tends to cool the surface.
I can’t fathom, why someone would build a feedback amplifier, where the output signal (surface temperature) which leads to more LWIR radiation, that is sampled by the feedback mechanism (CO2), but the feedback signal (LWIR radiation) is sent to someplace other than the input (the solar input, or its energy storage pond; the deep oceans.)
No; sounds like a lousy amplifier design to me.
Ian Schumacher says: @ur momisugly January 24, 2014 at 11:56 am
A set of linked posts:
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2012/12/15/d-o-ride-my-see-saw-mr-bond/#comment-44196
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/lunar-cycles-more-than-one/
https://chiefio.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/lunar-resonance-and-taurid-storms/
And a paper
http://ansatte.hials.no/hy/climate/defaultEng.htm
Or two
http://joannenova.com.au/2013/06/can-the-moon-change-our-climate-can-tides-in-the-atmosphere-solve-the-mystery-of-enso/
http://joannenova.com.au/2012/03/the-moons-influence-on-the-australian-climate/
more explanation: http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Saros_cycle
Well you did ask :>)
Gail Combs January 24, 2014 at 12:25 pm
Yes I find the theory of ‘super tides’ interesting, and while it may explain the synchronization of Milankovitch cycles and ice-ages, it doesn’t address the temperature graph shape exactly. No doubt the steep rise of temperatures could be ‘triggered’ by super tides, and the onset of an ice-age could be ‘allowed’ by it’s disappearance, but this wouldn’t explain the very linear temperature rise out of a full-glacial period, or the sudden abrupt temperature cutoff at the end.
HT from Small Dead Animals blog:
http://www.economist.com/news/international/21595032-whos-magic-mountain
Funny, on another WUWT thread, we learn that climate science is disproportionately from the rich west, but what do we know of this summit:
“Of the 2,622 hobnobbers invited to this year’s World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, just 15% are women. Two-thirds of the delegates hail from Western countries that are home to just 12% of the world’s population.”
“Michel” says that if a prosecution were initiated every time the UN or the IPCC told a lie the courts of New York and Switzerland respectively would be kept busy. Well, the way it works in the UK is that if a supranational entity headquartered on its soil commits an offense it is treated just as though it were a national entity and can face prosecution, unless there is some treaty by which it is granted immunity.
A few years ago, I reported Rajendra Pachauri and a bogus charity of which he was the chief trustee to the Charities Commission in England because there was a very large discrepancy between the income reported by the “charity” and the grants given to it by the UK Government. Pachauri was furious that he had been caught out in what appeared to be false accounting, and made various uncomplimentary references to me in several speeches shortly after I had reported him. However, I had given him fair warning that he would be reported for his personal defalcations unless he showed willing to address the bogus graph about which I eventually had to complain to the Bureau de l’Escroquerie. The Commission did not prosecute anyone as it should have done, given that the evidence of erroneous accounting in circumstances that could not by any stretch of the imagination be accidental was clear, but at least it responded to my complaint within 48 hours and subsequently ordered Pachauri to present accurate accounts in future. Several of the trustees were sacked.
Now, I have no idea whether Switzerland has signed some kind of treaty that exempts the IPCC from prosecution for its crimes. If it has, it should not have. My concern is that Switzerland provides a safe haven for far too many questionable supranational rackets which rely not only on the commendable stability of its political system and its famous international neutrality but also – alas – on its willingness to look the other way when the institutions from whose presence it profits perpetrate serious crimes. I have watched close members of my own family shivering in homes they can no longer afford to heat, and a very large part of the additional cost they face is in various levies to subsidize useless windmills and other such nonsenses that are indulged in by a scientifically-illiterate government because the IPCC has lied and lied and lied again, and the Swiss Government has – as usual – buried its head in the snow.
I’m sorry, but I do hope “Michel” appreciates I’m not simply trying to be rude about his country. Switzerland’s international reputation suffers very greatly because it simply does not deal with crookedness on the part of the international rackets to which it gives a home. I have twice spoken to the Swiss point of contact for the IPCC to explain its wilful deception on the important matter of whether the rate of global warming is accelerating (hint: it isn;t), but he, like the Bureau de l’Escroquerie, did absolutely nothing about it. So,”Michel”, do get in touch with the authorities in Switzerland and see whether you, as a Swiss national, have any more success than me at persuading them to break the habit of inaction and actually investigate a crime by the IPCC. If they do not even reply to you, you will begin to understand why it is that I and many like me hold your nation’s prosecuting authorities, and your government, in contempt.
@Monckton of Brenchley
Governmental institutions like the IPCC cannot be prosecuted in criminal matters. I don’t know if civil laws (tort and the like) can apply to them. I don’t know if its representatives are protected by diplomatic immunity, some are.
But you can’t put to jail an institution, only individuals.
And it’s futile to try to go this way since the heart of the matter lies elsewhere. Someone following such path behaves like a querulous complainer.
On Switzerland:
We are getting used, and tired, of the kind of assertions that you make. In making them repeatedly, exactly as warmists do in the climate issue, one will be led to believe that all of it is true.
And it’s not.
Calomniez, calomniez, il en restera toujours quelque chose.
This change in focus at WEF in 2011 may well be because the Norwegian Borge Brende was appointed as Managing Director of the organisation in that year, a post he help until he was made Norway’s Foreign Minister late last year when a new Conservative government was formed.
One of his previous actions, while a Member of the Norwegian Parliment was the nomination of Al Gore and the IPCC for the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. Borge Brende was Norway’s Enviromental Minister from 2001 to 2004 under the previous Conservative government.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Brende
The Greatest Threat To Humanity = the stupidity and hubris of marginally educated, monied, position-of-power-occupying, political class narcissist ideologue elitist Morons.
As the evidence mounts that climate is less sensitve to CO2 forcing than assumed in most models, the decibel level has climbed with it. With the facts evaporating before them, climate alarmists have taken to shrieking ever louder and demonizing ever stronger.
What will the history books say about this one hundred years hence?
Agree Børge Brende is lost and cauth deep in an environmental radical political agenda.
If the rest of the “Høyre” party, supposed to be right side, follows they will pay dearly in the next election.
rabbit says: @ur momisugly January 24, 2014 at 2:14 pm
…What will the history books say about this one hundred years hence?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
It depends on who wins. History is written by the winners not the losers and they have the MSM. money and power on their side.
I know of two separate events where I and/or friends were at ground zero and the “Official History” you find on the web and in books bare no resemblance to what actually happened.
In this case since a lot of people know the history it might not get buried. But don’t bet on it. They are already erasing the Ice Age scare of the 1970s.
Just a word to the numbskulls who still use the redundant, information-free phrase, climate change. We have climate. Tha’s it! That includes all changes all cycles for all eternity, Now shut up about the friggin’ climate change.
Timetochooseagain, Terry Oldberg and george e. smith:
Your posts at January 24, 2014 at 8:48 am, January 24, 2014 at 9:00 am and January 24, 2014 at 12:20 pm, respectively, provide new perspectives on the subjects of climate sensitivity and its determination by feedbacks.
I feel sure that many would be pleased if you were to further the development and promotion of your individualistic ideas by the three of you debating and synthesising them together. And I am certain that very many would be delighted if you were to report back to WUWT to present the results of your deliberations after they are completed.
Richard
A couple more risks for WEF to worry about:
– the economic and social costs of anti-carbon policies (a) while they are being actively pursued, and (b) when their futility and irrelevance is recognised and they begin to be dismantled.
– the reputational impact on typical WEF participants (politicians, bankers, UN, EU and other apparatchiks, international miscellaneous economic and ‘environmental’ gurus, etc) of (b) above…
@richardscourtney- Hm, really? I mean, I probably do have some ideas to suggest…Well, if anyone else is interested in such a discussion, I’d be willing to engage in one.
David G. The reason they do not shut up about it is because it brings in unlimited amounts of money. Bad weather has now changed to extreme weather, just changing the word bad to extreme also brings in unlimited amounts of money. Money for old rope.
Ed Mertin says:
January 24, 2014 at 6:01 am
###
And what univerese do you live in? Does Spock have a beard?
“””””…..richardscourtney says:
January 24, 2014 at 3:38 pm
Timetochooseagain, Terry Oldberg and george e. smith:
Your posts at January 24, 2014 at 8:48 am, January 24, 2014 at 9:00 am and January 24, 2014 at 12:20 pm, respectively, provide new perspectives on the subjects of climate sensitivity and its determination by feedbacks……””””””
Richard, I’m happy that you found my post of interest. It is an idea, that I have written about several times here at WUWT, but never quite like the one today.
All the talk about water (cloud) feedback being a positive feedback, because clouds reflect (no they actually absorb and re-emit) LWIR back to the surface and cause warming (or slowing of cooling) has always bothered me; including the claim that the higher the clouds, the greater the warming (Meteorology 101).
The text book (famous one) says that low altitude clouds cause cooling, mid level clouds cause neither cooling nor warming, and high level clouds cause warming, and the higher, the more warming. 6PM weather report: “It will be warm and muggy tonight because of the high clouds.”
No ! it was jolly warm and humid today, so by late afternoon clouds started to form, often at vapor trail altitudes, as all that moist air rose to the level of the dew point.
And the hotter it was today, the higher will be the dew point altitude, because of the usual lapse rate. And if the humidity was a bit lower today, then the dew point will also be lower, and hence at a lower altitude..
So the warm night and the high clouds at night, are CAUSED by a hot day with plenty of moisture; but it will still cool down at sunset, and be colder still by sunrise. the clouds DID NOT cause the warm balmy night. And the water droplets or ice crystals in clouds, are generally big enough that 300K LWIR wavelengths are completely absorbed, as the reflected radiation is still going to be in the few percent range.
But by far the biggest effect of ANY cloud is the daytime reflection (actually refractive scattering) of solar spectrum energy, back into space as a diffuse, virtually isotropic source (of SOLAR SPECTRUM energy (albedo).
Remember, when talking about THE CLIMATE EFFECT of clouds, we aren’t talking of LAST NIGHT’S WEATHER. We are talking about a CHANGE for some climatically significant period of time (why not 30 years) in the total global cloud cover. So no fair talking about more clouds tonight when the sun is asleep, but no more clouds in daylight. it’s a climate change in cloudiness; and it has to cause cooling, by reducing SURFACE INCIDENT (ocean) solar spectrum energy.
@george e. smith-“But by far the biggest effect of ANY cloud is the daytime reflection”
Not true. One can measure the effects of particular clouds. For example:
http://climate.ewha.ac.kr/paper/Choi2006GRL.pdf
“The cloud radiative effect (CRE) shows a positive sign for optically thin cirrus (total-column cloud
optical depth: t 10), regardless of the region and season”
In other words, one can explicitly *measure* the fact that the net effect of sufficiently optically thin effects is *dominated* by the longwave “greenhouse” effect, not their albedo effect.
But putting that aside, there is no reason to think *all* clouds would respond the same way to a temperature change, *or* that said effect would necessarily involve increases. It is certainly true that the total cloud forcing for *all* clouds negative, though. So that, *if* one presumed that clouds would increase with warming, and basically maintain their various proportional properties, that would, in fact, constitute a cooling effect and a negative feedback.
But with regard to the optically thin clouds that would cause a warming effect by increasing, it doesn’t look like they do (or if they do, something else must be canceling it out) with increasing temperatures.
Ugh, apparently including less than and greater than signs messed up that quotation. Well, you can find it in the abstract, anyway.
Ed Mertin:
I believe you need to educate yourself on the impact FATCA is having on ordinary Americans who live overseas – altho the law was “intended” to catch U.S. persons resident in the U.S. “hiding” money offshore. Suddenly we find ourselves accused of this even though our banks are onshore for us – maybe just down the street. Although we cannot open bank accounts anymore, let alone get mortgages, etc. We also are not allowed accounts in the US.
The costs of compliance are far higher than the amount of tax considered to be recoverable – the 300 billion is vastly overestimated – and then there’s the matter of turning sovereign nations into an enforcement arm of the Treasury Department and the FBI.
Here are some websites to start you off: americansabroad.org (aca.ch), le lobby des citoyens: lldc.ch and a real eye-opener is the Isaac Brock Society in Canada – not exactly a tax haven: isaacbrocksociety.ca.
Everyone I know who has dual citizenship, as I do, is renouncing U.S. citizenship. Everyone who is a USP (an acronym probably unknown to you but very well-known to us in the last couple of years, as is a CLN. The former is short for U.S. Person for Tax Purposes, an extremely broad category; the latter is Certificate of Loss of Nationality – the acquisition of which brings sighs of relief) is divesting themselves of that category. We are not wealthy people. We do not owe any taxes – at least as long as there is an Earned Income Exclusion or Foreign Tax Credit – which some of the same who are pushing FATCA also are in favor of abolishing – hello, double taxation. But we cannot afford several thousand dollars for specialists (keeping in mind the specialists themselves often make mistakes for which we are liable). A simple mistake on one of the endless forms can carry a fine of 10,000!
The irony is that the real Fatcats (haha, Fatca, geddit?) can afford the best accountants and lawyers. Those who wish to evade taxes will still be able to afford the advice on how to do it. So the whales will be fine but us minnows are to be soaked. Heard of FBAR? OVDI?
There are some 6 to 7 million of us overseas. We were the goodwill ambassadors on the ground, no matter our politics. Now we are embittered. We have been demonized and – yes – criminalized. Declared traitors for living abroad, enemies of the state even.
What about those who work for U.S. companies or represent U.S. products abroad? What happens to your trade balance then?
I haven’t renounced yet – I was once a patriot and I still have a very strong emotional attachment to the U.S. Oh, and there’s a “small” matter of the punitive 450 fee. Well, for the time being, I get by on cash handouts from my husband and the use of his debit card. If he dies before me and I haven’t renounced, I suppose I can keep any small inheritance under the mattress and hope inflation isn’t too high.
Nice article Lord Monckton of Benchley. Thank you. It is nice to know what the world’s elite of rock stars, grafting politicians, and other burdens to the working class are up to. If we were to describe the real potential problems it would either be over their heads or against their leftist beliefs.
Many Swiss would agree with Monckton. Switzerland has been dominated politically by the Liberal Party (old school liberal) in the past, which valued economic gain above moral purity. Many crooks still set up camp in Switzerland today , as the fractured political system and small-town political-judicial cozyness often make prosecution difficult.
Nevertheless, one would be hard up to find a better place to live in, as long as one is willing to ignore the dreadful TV, etc., etc..
Well, what a revelation from Sir Christopher! There’s corruption in the world’s institutions! Shock!!
“I have twice spoken to the Swiss point of contact for the IPCC to explain its wilful deception on the important matter of whether the rate of global warming is accelerating (hint: it isn;t), but he, like the Bureau de l’Escroquerie, did absolutely nothing about it.”
The thought ever crossed your mind that they (and others) may consider you a time-wasting court jester?