WUWT is the focus of a seminar at the University of Colorado

Dr. Roger Pielke Jr. sends word of this via email. I’m a bit amused, but not surprised, as we know WUWT has been pushing the traditional media envelope, and we often tackle subjects they can’t or won’t. I liked this statement about skeptical blogs:

They serve as extended peer communities as put forth by post-normal science, however, blog users themselves do not see post-normal science as a desirable goal.

She’s got that right. Just wait til she sees what is coming up next. – Anthony

CSTPR Noontime Seminar

Fall 2012 Series

Thursdays 12:00 – 1:00 PM

The Communications-Policy Nexus

Media, messages, and decision making

* Tuesday September 11, 2012

THE CONTRARIAN DISCOURSE IN THE BLOGOSPHERE: WHAT ARE BLOGS GOOD FOR ANYWAY?

by Franziska Hollender, Institute for Social Studies of Science, University of Vienna

CSTPR Conference Room, 1333 Grandview Avenue

Free and open to the public

The media serve to inform, entertain, educate and provide a basis for discussion among people. While traditional media such as print newspapers are facing a slow decline, they are being outpaced by new media that add new dimensions to public communication with interactivity being the most striking one. In the context of climate change, one question has arisen from recent events: what to do with the contrarians? Some propose that the contrarian discourse is merely an annoying sideshow, while others think that it is science’s responsibility to fight them. Blogs, being fairly unrestricted and highly interactive, serve as an important platform for contrarian viewpoints, and they are increasingly permeating multiple media spheres.

Using the highly ranked blog ‘Watts up with that’ as a case study, discourse analysis of seven posts including almost 1600 user comments reveals that blogs are able to unveil components and purposes of the contrarian discourse that traditional media are not. They serve as extended peer communities as put forth by post-normal science, however, blog users themselves do not see post-normal science as a desirable goal. Furthermore, avowals of distrust can be seen as linguistic perfomances of accountability, forcing science to prove its reliability and integrity over and over again. Finally, it is concluded that the climate change discourse has been stifled by the obsession of discussing the science basis and that in order to advance the discourse, there needs to be a change in how science as an ideology is communicated and enacted.

========================================================

http://cires.colorado.edu/calendar/events/index.php?com=detail&eID=605

Can anyone go? Pielke Jr. reports he will be traveling.

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jjfox
September 1, 2012 4:46 pm

Re:Jerome Ravetz says:
September 1, 2012 at 2:14 pm
Someone has asked for a definition of post-normal science. Let’s try: when facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent,,,
Jerome, when the facts are uncertain the decisions cannot ever be urgent because, well, you might just be dealing with a load of B.S.
This is the reason why the planet is not devoting the majority of the total GDP towards the defense against an invasion of evil, carnivorous space aliens. Because that fact is in uncertain.
“Post-normal science”, wotta joke. LOL

Merovign
September 1, 2012 4:48 pm

I would like to see a plot of exactly or even vaguely where things stopped being “normal,” before which things were “certain.”
When you form your argument around your desired conclusion, sometimes it’s pretty darned evident where you had to insert the “miracle step” that made the process coherent.

richardscourtney
September 1, 2012 4:49 pm

Steven Mosher:
In your post at September 1, 2012 at 4:27 pm you say

In Normal science, well science would just muddle along till the truth came out. But some people think we know enough to act. Other think we need to know more. Science cant settle this type of impass. Science can merely report. we are 65% sure, 94.9% sure. etc.
It’s simplistic for one side to say, well wait until we are convinced. Its simplistic for the other side to count heads and say, the consensus is convinced. Since everybody knows how to play the game of “prove it” we are stuck. One side likes being stuck. The other side doesnt.
One approach to the problem is to extend the “peer” review to include all stake holders.

No! The only valid “approach to the problem” is to let politicians decide the politics and to let the scientists “just muddle along till the truth came out”.
Politicians make decisions about uncertain issues by assessing available information – including scientific information – every day. IT IS THEIR JOB. In democracies it is what we elect them to do. Nobody elects “all stake holders”.
Richard

DirkH
September 1, 2012 4:51 pm

Jerome Ravetz says:
September 1, 2012 at 2:14 pm

“Also, in such circumstances there is no possibility of results approaching truth to the same degree that is possible in traditional science; hence the debate will be about the quality of results. This is inevitably complex, since all scientific results depend on arguments where imperfect data and imperfect inferences are combined. Experience has shown that in such cases, which include all areas closely connected with policy, the ‘extended peer community’ plays a very positive role, not merely in legitimating accepted results but also in criticising controversial results. “

A wonderful opportunity to get WWF material into the IPCC reports, or any other propaganda one has produced, and grab the power, n’est-ce pas? No objective reality, how very nice indeed; a perfect playground for the post-positivist manipulator.
Unfortunately, you’ve left logic behind and ignore that other field called probability theory that deals perfectly well with uncertainty – but that is not so easy to manipulate, n’est-ce pas?
There’s one rule that Alinsky failed to mention: You should make sense if you want to convince people. CO2AGW science doesn’t.

Merovign
September 1, 2012 4:54 pm

In other words, in 1980, the environmentalists thought they could usher in a better, cleaner, smaller future if they only had more power and control, because their hearts and their philosophy told them it was so.
In 1991, Post Normal Science was introduced.
In 2012, the environmentalists thought they could usher in a better, cleaner, smaller future if only they had more power and control, because Post Normal Science told them it was so.
There is a persuasion of person for whom the answer is always “more power and control,” no matter what the problem or process is. The fact that the problem or process shifts does not address the appropriateness of their conclusion.

September 1, 2012 5:03 pm

Maus says:
September 1, 2012 at 4:08 pm
Well, no. ‘Is’ is an identity statement while ‘as’ is a rather unfortunate collection of differing things that are not the same.
Splitting hairs wrongly. “that sunset is beautiful’ does not use ‘is’ as an identity statement, but simply meaning ‘having the quality of’. There is no doubt in my mind that ‘science as ideology’ was meant to imply that science is an ideology. I don’t grok what other meaning you would ascribe to it.
I submit that nothing would be lost if the ‘scientific method’ were redefined such that science is only and always a hypothesis non fingo affair. To disagree one has to first commit to the idea that theories are Truth and have primacy over experiment.
In fact, some theories belong in that category. Perhaps the best example is Dirac’s prediction of antimatter. In the theory there was a square root. The square roots of 4 are +2 and -2. So on the basis of the beauty of the theory, Dirac postulated that both solutions described physical reality, and sure enough, antimatter was later discovered experimentally. There are several other examples.

Paul Coppin
September 1, 2012 5:14 pm

Oh dear, another doctorate to recall. Sociology continues to demonstrate its the kindergarten for basket-weavers in the intellectual curriculum. Her discourse isn’t even worthy of discussion, let alone consideration. Offer her another Zoloft and put her by the window, she’ll enjoy the bright colours in the sunlight.

Jeff Alberts
September 1, 2012 5:14 pm

Science isn’t an ideology, but it is filled with Ideologists, on both sides of this particular sceintific issue.

Paul Coppin
September 1, 2012 5:17 pm

WARNING: When ever you hear the word “stakeholder,” it is some corporations or corporate front group posing as, or renting itself as, an ngo working in the “public interest.” “Stakeholder” equals “B.S.”
No, “stakeholder” means “profiteer”. There no BS about that. Stakeholders always have a vested interest somewhere, and they’re most definetly not shareholders…

clipe
September 1, 2012 5:27 pm

Pending Doom!
http://www.horoscope.com/horoscope/resources/articles/pending-doom.aspx
The important thing to take away here is that these are all just theories, most of which are heavily disputed and have no real basis for happening. Like every day, stay safe and try not to worry.
Me

Gail Combs
September 1, 2012 5:32 pm

Ally E. says:
September 1, 2012 at 2:56 pm
So they have read your blog without actually reading your blog. How can they do that? These people seem to have their heads so far up their assets, they can’t tell real science from ideology, nor recognize rational discourse, nor the right to even question. I’ve said it before, I’ll say it again. WHAT IS THE MATTER WITH THESE PEOPLE?
___________________________________
They have a completely different mindset. They were never taught the Scientific Method or Logic. This was intentional. In a totalitarian state you do not want independent thinkers or CONTRARIANS as they now see fit to call us.
You are seeing the result of over one hundred years of education as formulated under John Dewey, Father of American Progressive Education where the whole idea behind education is to produce good little conformist slaves.
You can read about John Dewey’s (founding member of the American Fabian Society) “Hegelian idealism and socialist materialism” here: The Philosophy Of Karl Marx: The Hegelian Basis

…As a student, Marx accepted the philosophy of Hegel as the only sound and adequate explanation of the universe….
Hegel accepted as real only that which existed in the mind. Objective phenomena and events were of no consequence; only the conceptions of them possessed by human minds were real. Ideas, not objects, were the stuff of which the universe was made. The universe and all events therein existed and took place only in the mind, and any change was a change in ideas. Therefore, to account for these changes in ideas was to account for change in the universe.
..If an idea were labeled a thesis, its opposite would be its antithesis. Consequently, in this realm of the mind within which the universe had its only real existence, innumerable theses and antitheses existed. Struggle or conflict was the en-evitable fact in such a universe—conflict of the thesis with its antithesis. In this struggle thesis and antithesis acted and reacted on each other, and a new phenomenon—synthesis—was created. All action or change occurring in the universe was, under the Hegelian philosophy, the product of thesis, antithesis, and resulting synthesis—all in the realm of ideas, since objective reality could exist only in that sphere. Since this process was universal and never ending, it offered a complete explanation of the causal processes creating all phenomena within the universe.
In the Hegelian philosophy no idea could exist without an opposite…
http://www.economictheories.org/2008/12/philosophy-of-karl-marx.html

This is the fundamental belief system Marx modified. This idea of the struggle between thesis and antithesis to produce a new phenomenon— the synthesis, is the philisophical basis of all these people, especially the non-scientists.
As far as they are concerned the struggle between thesis and antithesis is done, the consensus or synthesis has been reached and now it is time to get on with discussing the social, political and physical implementation of that consensus. A new thesis has been formed and we are, like Mitt Romney is, supposed to engage in the next part of the dialog, implementation. This is why we are “Deniers” and “CONTRARIANS” this is why there is so much frustration on their part that we “distrust accountability, forcing science to prove its reliability and integrity over and over again.”
Notice the comment about ” Finally, it is concluded that the climate change discourse has been stifled by the obsession of discussing the science basis and that in order to advance the discourse, there needs to be a change in how science as an ideology is communicated and enacted.”
They LITERALLY can not see our side of the debate at all because to them facts are not hard and fast but relativistic. From wiki

Relativism is the concept that points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration. …the doctrine that there are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture…

This is the intellectual type of philosophy that is now seen in our schools.

… John Dewey who is usually characterized as the father of progressive education. Yet the change of the teaching of reading is probably Dewey’s greatest contribution to the tranformation of American education from an academically oriented process to a social one.
The progressives were a new breed of educator…. Indeed, men like G. Stanley Hall, James McKeen Cattell, Charles Judd, James Earl Russell traveled to Germany to study the new psychology under Prof. Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig. It was these men who later imposed the new psychology on American education and transformed it permanently from its academic function to one dedicated to behavioral change.
In 1894, Dewey was appointed head of the department of philosophy, psychology and education at the University of Chicago which had been established two years earlier by a gift from John D. Rockefeller. In 1896, Dewey created his famous experimental Laboratory School where he could test the effects of the new psychology on real live children.
Dewey’s philosophy had evolved from Hegelian idealism to socialist materialism, and the purpose of the school was to show how education could be changed to produce little socialists and collectivists instead of little capitalists and individualists. It was expected that these little socialists, when they became voting adults, would dutifully change the American economic system into a socialist one.
In order to do so he analyzed the traditional curriculum that sustained the capitalist, individualistic system and found what he believed was the sustaining linchpin — that is, the key element that held the entire system together: high literacy. To Dewey, the greatest obstacle to socialism was the private mind that seeks knowledge in order to exercise its own private judgment and intellectual authority. High literacy gave the individual the means to seek knowledge independently. It gave individuals the means to stand on their own two feet and think for themselves. This was detrimental to the “social spirit” needed to bring about a
collectivist society….
And so, high literacy had to go. Dewey wrote in 1896, after the Laboratory School had been in operation for nine months:

It is one of the great mistakes of education to make reading and writing constitute the bulk of the school work the first two years. The true way is to teach them incidentally as the outgrowth of the social activites…

Note Dewey’s suggestion that what was needed first was a “full and frank statement of conviction … from physiologists and psychologists” that could be used to convince teachers of the need to downgrade literacy in the primary grades. This need was actually met by one Edmund Burke Huey, a professor of psychology who had studied under G. Stanley Hall at Clark University and did his Ph.D. dissertation on the psychology and physiology of reading….
http://www.ordination.org/dumbing_down.htm

IMHO, thanks to John Dewey, we are moving from the age of enlightenment back into the dark ages of superstition and serfdom. Unfortunately people no longer have the necessary education to detect this and are embracing it as some sort of utopia.- A first class Brainwashing job.

Billy Liar
September 1, 2012 5:34 pm

Paul Coppin says:
September 1, 2012 at 5:14 pm
Oh dear, another doctorate to recall.
She hasn’t got one yet; she’s a grad student.

tallbloke
September 1, 2012 5:34 pm

richardscourtney says:
September 1, 2012 at 4:49 pm
No! The only valid “approach to the problem” is to let politicians decide the politics and to let the scientists “just muddle along till the truth came out”.
Politicians make decisions about uncertain issues by assessing available information – including scientific information – every day. IT IS THEIR JOB. In democracies it is what we elect them to do. Nobody elects “all stake holders”.
Richard

If the world was as it should be, I’d agree. However, we are in a situation where the scientists tell the politicians what they want to hear and the politicians pay them fat grants to do that.
So we either sit on the sidelines complaining about it, or we enter the fray and try to actually affect the outcome. Ravetz presciently pointed out, long before climategate, that the extended peer review community was entitled to bring leaked documents to the table and be heard.
Well, here we are, damning emails in hand. So, do you now want to sit back and let politicans decide how to tax us into the ground, or do you want to fight for your right to not be abused?
Good honest scientists are in the majority, but it seems they are too well controlled by the chain of command extending up through departmental heads to funding bodies controlled by mandarins. I think we have to take up the challenge and form the vanguard in the fight to save objective science.

clipe
September 1, 2012 5:41 pm

Sagittarius Chinese/Scottish Counterparts: rat/clipe.

Manfred
September 1, 2012 5:48 pm

“post normal” – a bizarre and arrogant term to justify the imposition of an extreme agenda, which lacks a strong scientific foundation and which may be described as totalitarianism by any other name. As far I as understand it, the null hypothesis of CAGW craves the empirical disproof. If I’ve missed something here, someone provide the key sentinel reference that turns the world on its collective head.

September 1, 2012 5:59 pm

No, “stakeholder” means “profiteer”. There no BS about that. Stakeholders always have a vested interest somewhere, and they’re most definetly not shareholders…
Rather shortsighted. If I invest in a company, buy shares of their stock, I expect a return on my investment. What my return is depends on how well that company does. How does that make me not a “stakeholder?”
Do you honestly think that I would (willfully) put my money someplace where it does not guarantee its return, or at some level of risk, a greater return? I guess that make me an evil “profiteer.”
So be it.

clipe
September 1, 2012 6:09 pm

One thing, however, does not change. Clyping is still against the unofficial school moral code and swift retribution will be heaped by their peers on anyone who is so foolish as to clype. Clype (pronounced to rhyme with ripe and having the alternative spelling clipe) is a Scots verb meaning to tell tales, in other words to tell a teacher about a piece of wrongdoing carried out by another pupil. For once, something is known about the origin of the word. Clype is related to the Old English word, meaning to name or call.
caledonianmercury.com/2010/08/26/useful-scots-word-clype/0010208

September 1, 2012 6:11 pm

A ‘stakeholder’ is specifically not a shareholder. That’s why the different term.

Eric Barnes
September 1, 2012 6:15 pm

Steven Mosher says:
September 1, 2012 at 4:27 pm
It’s not a marxist plot.
No, it’s not Steven, but the proposed solution is central and authoritarian and attracts those who would profit from that shift in resources/power/money. Compromises are assiduously avoided or claimed as ineffective. That lack of compromise and willingness to negotiate is a clear indication it’s not about CO2, it’s about a shift in power in America and the world.

Gail Combs
September 1, 2012 6:24 pm

Follow the Money says:
September 1, 2012 at 4:43 pm
…It’s not a marxist plot.”
Duh. It’s a fascistic one. “Stakeholders” is the new-nice term for the usual business and government parasites and their fellow travelers.
WARNING: When ever you hear the word “stakeholder,” it is some corporations or corporate front group posing as, or renting itself as, an ngo working in the “public interest.” “Stakeholder” equals “B.S.”
_____________________________
You are correct the word “Stakeholder” should set of loud alarm bells whenever you see or hear it. However there is a more ominous use of the word that livestock farmers figured out a long time ago. In all the dealings with farmers, we are referred to as “stakeholders.” Do you know what a “stakeholder” actually is?

…. The USDA, in their original documents regarding NAIS, refers to participants as “stakeholders” repeatedly, twenty one times in the Draft Strategic Plan alone. They also use the term “national herd” and tell us that NAIS is necessary to protect the health and marketability of the “national herd”. First let’s look at the PIN and then at animal identification with official NAIS compliant tags.
The USDA claims to “own” the PIN (page6 A User Guide) and when one is assigned a PIN either through truly volunteering for it or being rolled into it via other disease control programs, it stays with the property forever (Draft Program Standards pg 16-read the whole section on PIN) and the person who owns the property becomes a stakeholder.
The definition of stakeholder is as follows:
“The term stakeholder, as traditionally used in the English language in law and notably gambling, is a third party who temporarily holds money or property while its owner is still being determined.”
Yep. While it’s owner is still being determined. It doesn’t make me feel all warm and fuzzy. Now let’s look at the definition of ownership as a comparison. Wikipedia defines the term as follows:
“Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive possession or control of property, which may be an object, land/real estate, intellectual property or some other kind of property. It is embodied in an ownership right also referred to as title.”
So, if you have exclusive possession or control of the property in question, how can you be a stakeholder? Well, you can’t be. Either it’s your property, or it’s someone else’s property. With the NAIS, it’s not your property once you have a PIN making you a stakeholder and putting you under the jurisdiction of the Area Veterinarian In Charge or AVIC. (“A User Guide” is loaded with ‘consult your AVIC’ with any questions about anything.)
This brings about some very serious questions regarding not only livestock but also real estate. Since the USDA “owns” the Premise Identification Number (page 6 “A User Guide”) and the number can only be ‘inactivated’ and not expunged or completely annihilated, does it create an encumbrance on property with the PIN? Should that be part of the disclosure on the property? What happens if someone who doesn’t want to be in NAIS in any way buys property with a PIN?…
Doreen Hannes

The term Premise when applied to property also has some serious legal connotations. “The word premises is a synonym for the word tenement. A definition of the word tenement in law is: “Property, such as land, rents, or franchises, held by one person leasing it to another.
In Black’s Law Dictionary, premises, in the context of estates and property, means: lands and tenaments, buildings, an estate, the subject matter of a conveyance, land and appurtenances thereto.”

I mention this because a goal of Agenda 21 is to transfer effective ownership of land from individuals to the government.

The United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (HABITAT I) met in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1976. Agenda Item 10 of the conference report was entitled simply “Land.” Here is an excerpt from the Preamble to that item:

“Land…cannot be treated as an ordinary asset, controlled by individuals and subject to the pressures and inefficiencies of the market. Private land ownership is also a principal instrument of accumulation and concentration of wealth and therefore contributes to social injustice; if unchecked, it may become a major obstacle in the planning and implementation of development schemes. Public control of land use is therefore indispensable….”

This policy document was agreed to by the United States. Among the U.S. delegates were William K. Reilly, former EPA Administrator, and Carla Hill, former Trade Negotiator in the Bush Administration. Since the mid 1970s, both the United Nations and the United States have been moving toward ever-tightening “public” control of land use. Land Use Control

Brendan H
September 1, 2012 6:26 pm

Richard Courtney: ‘Brdan H’:
Sorry, that should be ‘Brendan H’.
‘PNS excuses (deliberately adopts?) confusing science and politics.’
I don’t see it that way. I don’t think PNS argues that science and ideology should be confused. Rather, it argues that ideology is embedded in the way some scientific subjects are framed and presented, not how the science is actually done (the scientific method).
So the message I get is that these ideological, or political, or worldview elements are a reality in the climate debate and should be acknowledged as a factor. I don’t see that as an attempt to confuse science and ideoogy, but rather as an attempt to clarify the relationship beween the two.

David Ross
September 1, 2012 6:44 pm

tallbloke wrote:

The guy who invented the term posted an essay on my blog:

Tallbloke, do not take anything this guy says at face value.

Jerome Ravetz: PNS, Truth and Science
I would not be at all surprised at the misunderstandings and harmful interpretations of PNS. That’s the price I pay for injecting my ideas into a debate.
http://tallbloke.wordpress.com/2011/02/08/jerome-ravetz-pns-truth-and-science/

I think that sowing “misunderstandings and harmful interpretations” is exactly what Ravetz intends. He is a new New Left Marxist and disciple of Herbert Marcuse. Marcuse was the guru of the student protest movement in the late 1960s. These two articles are on the right track.

Post-Normal Claws, Teeth, and Slime
By Norman Rogers
http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/11/post_normal_claws_teeth_and_slime.html
[…]
Post-Normal Science aims to change people’s consciousness so that they will accept politicized science.
Postmodernism: A Unified Theory of All the Trouble in the World
By M.J. Braun
May 2, 2010
http://www.americanthinker.com/2010/05/postmodernism_a_unified_theory.html
[…]
That’s where post-normal science (PNS) comes in. According to the “inventors” of PNS, Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, it is supposedly a scientific method of inquiry appropriate for cases where “facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high and decisions urgent.” What they describe however is more accurately recognized as politics than science, which is precisely the point: In postmodernism, everything is politics. And the aberration from “normal” science to post-normal science is designed for the purpose of manipulating and controlling high-stakes political artifice like “man-made global warming.” This is not about determining “truth,” which the advocates of post-normal science don’t believe in — it is about the power and control of politics.

This article (from the Egyptian weekly Al Ahram of all places) includes a good description of Marcuse’s legacy.

According to Nicolas Sarkozy, France’s current right-of- centre president, many of the country’s present ills, from the economic malaise to the crisis in the suburbs, can be laid at the door of the events of 1968.
“In this election,” Sarkozy told French electors during last year’s presidential elections, “what is at stake is the question of whether the heritage of May 1968 should be perpetuated or whether it should be got rid of once and for all.”
This heritage “has imposed a moral and intellectual relativism upon us,” he said, its inheritors having “imposed the idea that everything has the same value and that there is no difference between right and wrong, between true and false, or between what is ugly and what is beautiful.”
http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/898/fe3.htm

If terms like “Post-modern” or “deconstructivist” leave you confused or you have difficulty finding a straightforward definition from those who use them most. Don’t be surprised. Confusion is the point. They are off-shoots of “Cultural Theory.” The New Left version of Orwell’s Ministry of Truth on steroids. You are supposed to re-assess everything you believe in; every aspect of your (dominant) culture. Heroes become villains. Certainty becomes doubt and suspicion.
What is the point of all this? -so that people come to despise their society enough to want to change it utterly i.e. revolution. “Smash the system” is so old fashioned. “Smash the culture” is the new mantra.
Marcuse realized the potential of the nascent environmental movement just before his death.

…authentic ecology flows into a militant struggle for a socialist politics which must attack the system at its roots, both in the process of production and in the mutilated consciousness of individuals…
Herbert Marcuse

September 1, 2012 6:49 pm

As an ENGINEER who has been making things WORK all my life such Nuclear reactors, (Hey, point Kernel analysis for neutron flux problems…just a bone to throw out so the knowledgeable know I’m not kidding!), SPC for medical catheters and implant devices, pump and delivery systems for refineries, ASME Section VIII design for PV’s, from 300 to 3000 PSI, -320 F to 1500 F..heh heh, I know, I’m “hot dogging”.. I’d suggest that everyone reading this better get down on the floor of their next A320 or 767 and kiss it…thanking Boeing, the French and Brits, that their ENGINEERS still engage in NORMAL engineering…design, test, prove, verify…codify, etc. And there is no nosense of “post normal engineering”.

vigilantfish
September 1, 2012 7:13 pm

On some other thread I challenged defenders of PNS to please illustrate the necessity for post-normal science historically, using a solid historical case study in which some catastrophic outcome was threatening portions of humanity (or nature, I suppose) if this new approach were not adopted. I’m not talking about high stakes for some scientist’s reputation, or the risks taken by individuals defending their intellectual stake – which are the kinds of example Jerome Ravetz has offered before, IIRC. I’d like to see some non-climate related science (and I mean science, not policy-decisions at the international protocol level) in which PNS resulted in fruitful outcomes.
It’s no wonder so many of us are confused by the definition of PNS, given the lack of concrete examples that offer any guidelines.

Aussie Luke Warm
September 1, 2012 7:15 pm

Probably just another one working towards getting snout into lucrative government funded “climate change” trough.

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