Now it's climate change to be killing the Joshua trees

Study based on fossil sloth dung found in desert caves and packrat middens

From the US Geological Survey, because doing mapping and boundary lines are sooo yesterday:

Uncertain Future for Joshua Trees Projected with Climate Change

FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. — Temperature increases resulting from climate change in the Southwest will likely eliminate Joshua trees from 90 percent of their current range in 60 to 90 years, according to a new study led by U.S. Geological Survey ecologist Ken Cole.

The research team used models of future climate, an analysis of the climatic tolerances of the species in its current range, and the fossil record to project the future distribution of Joshua trees. The study concludes that the species could be restricted to the northernmost portion of its current range as early as the end of this century. Additionally, the ability of Joshua trees to migrate via seed dispersal to more suitable climates may be severely limited.

“This is one of the most interesting research projects of my career,” said Ken Cole, a USGS ecologist and the study’s lead author. “It incorporated not only state-of-the-art climate models and modern ecology, but also documentary information found in fossils that are more than 20,000 years old.”

By using fossil sloth dung found in desert caves and packrat middens — basically, the garbage piles of aptly named packrats — scientists were able to reconstruct how Joshua trees responded to a sudden climate warming around 12,000 years ago that was similar to warming projections for this century.  Prior to its extinction around 13,000 years ago, the Shasta ground sloth favored Joshua trees as food, and its fossilized dung contained abundant remains of Joshua trees, including whole seeds and fruits. These fossil deposits, along with fossil leaves collected and stored by packrats, allowed scientists to determine the tree’s formerly broad range before the warming event.

The study concluded that the ability of Joshua trees to spread into suitable habitat following the prehistoric warming event around 12,000 years ago was limited by the extinction of large animals that had previously dispersed its seeds over large geographic areas, particularly the Shasta ground sloth. Today, Joshua tree seeds are dispersed by seed-caching rodents, such as squirrels and packrats, which cannot disperse seeds as far as large mammals. The limited ability of rodents to disperse Joshua tree seeds in combination with other factors would likely slow migration to only about 6 feet per year, not enough to keep pace with the warming climate, Cole and his colleagues concluded.

The Joshua tree, a giant North American yucca, occupies desert grasslands and shrublands of the Mojave Desert of California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah; Joshua Tree National Park in California is named after this iconic species. The Joshua tree is known for its distinctive shape and height of up to 50 feet.

Results of the study, “Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction,” appear in a current edition of “Ecological Applications.” The research team included Kenneth L. Cole, U.S. Geological Survey; Kirsten Ironside, Northern Arizona University; Jon Eischeid, NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory; Gregg Garfin, University of Arizona; Phillip B. Duffy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and University of California; and Chris Toney, USDA Forest Service.

The climate data they don't want you to find — free, to your inbox.
Join readers who get 5–8 new articles daily — no algorithms, no shadow bans.
0 0 votes
Article Rating
102 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
jorgekafkazar
March 25, 2011 3:45 pm

My reactions:
(1) This is a bunch of fossil sloth dung.
(2) I don’t give a coprolite.

Scarlet Pumpernickel
March 25, 2011 3:47 pm

PS looks like Ken Cole will not have a job in a few years time with science like this

Queen1
March 25, 2011 3:48 pm

You silly people, don’t you know that the giant ground sloths drove equally giant ATVs all over the desert, belching out CO2 and strewing Joshua tree seeds hither and yon? The silly creatures were the engineers of their own demise, bringing about the end of the ice age with their filthy emissions. All the ATV parts were scavenged for modern art sculptures by the pack rats.

Scarlet Pumpernickel
March 25, 2011 3:48 pm

I think I worked it out, these must be the ghosts of the previous Joshua trees, when it was much warmer in the Minoan warming, the Holocene Climatic Optimum and Medieval Warming they all died.
The ones we see today are not real, they are just ghosts….

jaymam
March 25, 2011 3:50 pm

Matthew Bergin says:
“I always find it puzzling that a 0.7 degree temperature change that humans wouldn’t notice is supposed to kill all other life on this planet. The Joshua tree survives an 80 to 100 degree temperature shift from night to day on most days but don’t add an extra 0.7 degrees or its game over.”
What about the “tipping point” at 100.7 degrees?
/sarc off

Queen1
March 25, 2011 3:51 pm

And Joshua trees don’t look very yummy to me. The sloths probably all died of hunger. They should have eaten the pack rats instead; I hear they taste like chicken.

March 25, 2011 3:54 pm

Lessee:
1. The Joshua trees,which apparently can’t survive a 1 or 2 degree F temperature increase, survived the greater warming 12,000 years ago.
2. The trees, which can’t survive without seed dispersal by large mammals like the giant sloth, somehow survived 13,000 years with nothing but little rodents, even before the great warming.
3. The trees, which apparently can’t survive the aforementioned 1-2 degree increase, somehow survive daily temperature changes of multiples of tens of degrees.
Clearly these trees cannot be the product of Darwinian evolution. Creation science is proven; we just attributed it to Jehovah, when it was actually Gaia.
[/sarc]
And if those rodents can’t move any faster than 6 feet per year, I can solve the problem right now: I have an abundance of squirrels and chipmunks here that move like fuzzy lightning, which I’ll be pleased to donate for relocation to the Mojave.

James Sexton
March 25, 2011 3:56 pm

This continuous drivel about the desert is monotonous. Has anyone noticed the contiguous United States hasn’t warmed in the last 15 years?
Annual 1996 – 2010 Trend = -0.01 degF / Decade
Last 15 for the West Region(includes the Mojave), Annual 1996 – 2010 Trend = -0.26 degF / Decade
Last 15 for the SW(includes Arizona and N.M.) Annual 1996 – 2010 Trend = -0.31 degF / Decade
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/cag3/regional.html
Yes, very scary, I think the Joshua trees have cooling to worry about, not warming. Can’t these imbeciles do a study based on reality rather than a model?

Richard Keen
March 25, 2011 4:01 pm

I’d think the below zero weather last month across much of Josh Tree’s habitat ( http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/03/01/a-cold-day-in-mexico%e2%80%99s-icebox/ ) would have more effect on the survival of many of these plants. Perhaps they should do a survey of how many Joshuas died from the all-time record extreme unprecedented really cold weather to see what the effect of actually occurring cold is compared to predicted maybe-will-happen warmth.

dbleader61
March 25, 2011 4:02 pm

Its Friday, the brain is burning out, so I can contribute nothing but a humorous observation – stitching together some descriptive gems from two WUWT commenters today. (one piece from Latitude in this post above – the other somewhere else today)
New description for AGW alarmists….”Carbophobes suffering from irritable climate syndrome.”

Doug Jones
March 25, 2011 4:03 pm

Not only have these desert plants, as species, survived just fine, *individuals* have lasted for almost 12,000 years:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Clone
Facepalm.

ew-3
March 25, 2011 4:08 pm

“fossil sloth dung”
It’s just not for breakfast anymore!

Tom T
March 25, 2011 4:12 pm

I’m getting more than a bit fed up with people using unreliable climate models to make predictions of things 100 years from now and calling it science.

Jit
March 25, 2011 4:16 pm

What killed the sloths? Can anyone name a species killed by climate change?

old44
March 25, 2011 4:17 pm

U.S. Geological Survey ecologist, when was this position invented? and why? would it have anything to do with government funding to promote AGW?

1DandyTroll
March 25, 2011 4:24 pm

“climate change to be killing the Joshua trees”
So!?

mike sphar
March 25, 2011 4:39 pm

Its quite simple really. Just tell the Joshua Trees to take the I40 NorthWest or the I15 East or 395 North and they’ll get around much easier and at a much faster rate than 6 feet a year!

chemman
March 25, 2011 4:41 pm

So how about some real tests on the Yucca’s. Grow some in a suitable system where you can control the temperatures. Jack up the temperatures to what the models predict and see how the Yucca’s adapt. How hard can that be?

Pamela Gray
March 25, 2011 4:44 pm

Apparently it has also become so yesterday to study a CURRENT plant species suffering from CURRENT warming!

Charlie Foxtrot
March 25, 2011 4:45 pm

The problem, obviously, is that the rodents that we are using to disperse the seeds need to be replaced by faster rodents. What worked for the last 12,000 years is simply not good enough anymore.

Magnus
March 25, 2011 4:47 pm

“It incorporated not only state-of-the-art climate models…”
Let me guess: worse than we thought?

pwl
March 25, 2011 4:54 pm

I thought that the biggest danger to trees like Joshua Trees or Bristlecone Pines are Climate Scientists themselves!

“On 6th August 1964, one of the greatest crimes against Nature was committed when the oldest living inhabitant on Earth was unwittingly killed. WPN-114, previously known to its affectionate admirers as Prometheus, was a bristlecone pine tree that, posthumously, was discovered to have been at least 5000 years old.
In the summer of 1964, Donald R. Currey, a graduate student in geography at the University of North Carolina, was undertaking dendrochronology investigations to establish climatic change patterns during the Little Ice Age – the period of cooling that occurred for approximately 400 years until the mid 1800s. Dendrochronology, the method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree-rings, can date the time at which tree rings were formed to the exact calendar year. So, to facilitate his investigations, Currey went in search of the oldest living trees.
In 1957, a grove of bristlecone pines in the White Mountains above California’s Mojave Dessert stunned the scientific world when they were discovered to be the world’s oldest living trees. But while the California Bristlecone Pines captured the media’s imagination, another grove of bristlecones in the Great Basin at Wheeler Peak in eastern Nevada, not far from the Utah border, had slipped under the radar of all but few. And it was Wheeler Peak’s colossal bristlecones that Donald R. Currey chose for his investigations.
Currey began taking core samples from several trees, and took particular interest in the 114th sample – “one of the larger living bristlecone pines” – which he labelled WPN-114. After several attempts, Currey’s 28-inch coring tool broke. Without it, he was unable to obtain the continuous series of overlapping cores necessary to determine weather patterns. He therefore decided to ask the United States Forest Service to fell WPN-114.
National Forest District Ranger Donald E. Cox received the request. He consulted his superior, Slim Hansen, who was stationed some 250 miles away and consequently asked Cox to look at the tree and report back. Cox declared the tree to be “very common” and is reported to have said, “no one would have walked more than a hundred yards to see it.” Hansen replied, “Cut ‘er down.”
Robert Jacobsen, superintendent of the Great Basin’s Lehman Caves, attempted to intervene and wrote that cutting the tree “would be a loss to the world.” And at least one Forest Service sawyer is known to have refused to participate in the felling on moral grounds. Nevertheless, the felling was scheduled for 6th August.
It took the whole of the day to cut down and section WPN-114. In the process of his subsequent investigations, Currey discovered that WPN-114 had been alive for at least 4,862 years.
He had killed the world’s oldest known non-clonal organism.”http://EzineArticles.com/4812103

Death of Prometheus
The cut stump of Prometheus
In 1963, Currey was a graduate student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Under a fellowship from the National Science Foundation, Currey was studying the climate dynamics of the Little Ice Age using dendrochronology techniques.
Bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California and elsewhere were discovered to be older than any species yet dated, and in 1963 Currey became aware of a Great Basin Bristlecone Pine population in the Snake Range and on Wheeler Peak in particular. At the time he visited the area, in the summer of 1964, he did not know that previous researchers had examined the area. Based on the size, growth rate and growth forms of some of the trees he became convinced that some very old specimens existed on the mountain and, using the scientific methods of the time, Currey began taking core samples to check. He found that some exceeded 3000 years in age, taking particular interest in a tree he designated WPN-114, the previously named Prometheus.
Currey was unable to obtain a continuous series of overlapping cores from WPN-114: he had tried at least four times with a 28 inch long borer, breaking two borers, but to no avail. He decided to ask for permission from the United States Forest Service to fell the tree. He was already acquainted with Forest Service officials at the nearby Lehman Caves National Monument (now a part of the much larger Great Basin National Park which includes the area Currey was working in), and made a request with Donald E. Cox, a district Forest Service ranger for permission to cut down the tree in order to examine the whole trunk in cross-section. Cox felt that the request was scientifically sound and, after convincing superiors that the particular tree was not a notable landmark, gained approval for felling it.
After securing permission, Cox informed Currey and assigned a Forest Service crew to join the young researcher and bring back the samples. The tree was cut and sectioned on August 6, 1964, and several pieces of the sections hauled out to be processed and analyzed, first by Currey, then by others in later years. To their surprise, the tree was not only old, but older than any other non-clonal organism ever known.
[edit] Aftermath
It took a few years for the information about the felling of Prometheus to reach the public, but once it did there was great controversy. Most criticism centered on the U.S. Forest Service’s decision to permit the tree to be cut. However, some critics questioned how the cutting of such an old tree was necessary given the topic Currey was studying. Since the Little Ice Age started no more than 600 years ago, many trees could presumably have provided the information he was after for that time period. However, in Currey’s original report (Currey, 1965) he refers to the Little Ice Age as encompassing the period from 2000 BC to the present, thus defining the Age over a much longer time period than is currently accepted. Whether this was the common sentiment at the time is not known. In the article, Currey indicates that he sectioned the tree as much from the question of whether the oldest bristlecones were necessarily confined to California’s White Mountains (as some dendrochronologists had been claiming) as from its usefulness in regard to studies of the Little Ice Age.
The incident led to a tighter restriction on the felling of old trees, the eventual creation of Great Basin National Park (now overseen by the National Park Service), and the decision to hide the exact location of Methuselah, the tree believed to be the current oldest. Currey personally took part in lobbying efforts to get Congress to designate the area a part of a national park.” – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rusk_Currey


Yikes. So many claims of doomsday, so little time to squash them all.

sky
March 25, 2011 4:55 pm

Reading about sloth dung fossils gave me my Mojave mojo back. Can’t wait for organically impregnated “Save the Joshua Tree” T-shirts to come out. Dirt bikers will love them.

GaryP
March 25, 2011 4:56 pm

This article had me very nervous that my first rule of biology papers and global warming was wrong. My rule states: Anything that is soft and cuddly, warm and fuzzy, tasty and nutritious, or generally useful and beneficial; will be reported as doomed by AGW climate change. Conversely, anything stinky, noxious, disease bearing, toxic, ugly, creepy, invasive, poisonous, or thorny will do quite well.
From the picture, I thought I was looking at a thorny plant. But, no thorns, its just thin long leaves and the plant is quite useful and beneficial. My rule stands.

Hercules
March 25, 2011 4:57 pm

I have had 4 Joshua Trees growing here in New England for the last 40 years. The seeds came from a tree above the snow line in Tehachapi Pass and take 4′ of snow and sub-zero temps through high 90’s in the summer. They are one tough species.
disclaimer: No Grant Money was spent for this long-term study. 🙂