NOTE: since this is clearly an important finding with far reaching implications, this will be a “top post” at WUWT for the next couple of days. I urge other bloggers to spread the word. – Anthony
================================================================
Just when you think the bottom of the Hockey Stick rabbit hole has been reached, Steve McIntyre finds yet more evidence of misconduct by the Team.
The research was from Briffa and Osborn (1999) published in Science magazine and purported to show the consistency of the reconstruction of past climate using tree rings with other reconstructions including the Mann Hockey Stick. But the trick was exposed in the Climategate dossier, which also included code segments and datasets.
In the next picture, Steve shows what Briffa and Osborn did – not only did they truncate their reconstruction to hide a steep decline in the late 20th Century but also a substantial early segment from 1402-1550:

As I’ve written elsewhere, this sort of truncation can be characterized as research misconduct – specifically falsification. But where are the academic cops? Any comment from Science magazine?
Steve also discusses the code underlying the plot and you can see how the truncation is a clear deliberate choice – not something that falls out of poorly understood analysis or poor programming.
In the comments, Kip Hansen posts the following:
In reference to Mann’s Trick….obliquely, yesterday’s Supreme Court ruling on Zicam (a homeopathic nasal spray) ruled in part:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/health/23bizcourt.html?_r=1&hpw
The Supreme Court has said that companies may be sued under the securities law for making statements that omit material information, and it has defined material information as the sort of thing that reasonable investors would believe significantly alters the ‘total mix’ of available information.
Justice Sonia Sotomayor, writing for the court on Tuesday, roundly rejected Matrixx’s proposal that information can be material only if it meets standards of statistical significance.
‘Given that medical professionals and regulators act on the basis of evidence of causation that is not statistically significant,’ she wrote, ‘it stands to reason that in certain cases reasonable investors would as well.’
Thus, hiding or omitting information, even if one feels it is ‘erroneous’ or ‘outlying’ (or whatever they claim) is still possibly fraudulent ( or in this case, scientifically improper) if it would ‘add to the total mix of available information’. Statistical significance is not to be the deciding factor.
In the case of Briffa and Osborn, no statistical fig leaf was applied that justified the truncation of data, so far as I can see.
Discover more from Watts Up With That?
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
If the data don’t fit, you gotta aquit.
I could go on for pages, but here are a few answers:
They think alternative energy is economically feasible, or would be soon with a little governmental jump-starting. They think our society is wasteful, so trimming its consumption wouldn’t really hurt it, it would just trim the fat. They think we’ll have to transition away from fossil fuels fairly soon due to their increasing expense, so the earlier we start the transition the lower the long-term costs. They like the idea of redistributing wealth to the 3rd world. They like the idea of “Science” and especially “concerned scientists,” having a leading political role.
Basically, they think they’re doing the right thing, if you look at it from the right perspective. What is truth, after all, but a matter of perspective?
Plus, it’s a fad in academia, and they’ve got swept up in it and are in too deep now to back out. Etc.
Zorro says:
March 26, 2011 at 5:16 am
Congratulations are in order. Well done, mate.
Roger Knights says:
March 26, 2011 at 7:53 am
“Basically, they think they’re doing the right thing, if you look at it from the right perspective. What is truth, after all, but a matter of perspective?”
Good old Leninist-Stalinist dogma or “perspective.” Who has the right perspective? The Communist Party, of course. That is, as soon as the Communist Party eliminates all other perspectives found among humanity. This dogma survives as Post Normal Science. Its popularity has an easy explanation. When you are a university professor, nearly a god in your domain, but you are limited by the dictates of scientific method and you want to burst free and live life largely, then become a member of the Leninist “avant garde” and lie to the masses for the good of the masses.
Zorro says:
March 26, 2011 at 5:16 am
“The AGW promoting, carbon tax toting, Australian NSW Labour government has just been virtually annihilated in the State elections – there is hope folks.”
Thanks. A ray of sunshine is really nice. Everyone pass on this information to your US representatives and senators who are set to vote on removing EPA’s power to regulate CO2. The vote is early in the week, Tuesday I think.
The trouble with all you skeptics is that you do not understand Climate Science. In order to qualify as a peer-reviewed climate scientist one must be able to adapt the facts to fit the theory. Briffa and Osborn are to be congratulated, not condemned, for their skill.
Isn’t it really the same – or equivalent – data as those in Mann’s “censored” directory?
http://climateaudit.org/2006/03/28/the-censored-directory/
Those people are dirty, indeed.
Thanks Phil. A great example of good corporate citizenship and thorough data analysis. I believe the quasi-adversarial relationship of the FDA and pharma leads to better scrutiny of data. Just the opposite of what is happening in climate where the government has made an investment in a certain interpretation of the data.
Theo Goodwin says:
March 25, 2011 at 9:25 am
SteveE says:
March 25, 2011 at 7:13 am
Theo Goodwin says:
March 25, 2011 at 6:19 am
Ian W says:
March 25, 2011 at 4:55 am
“So what else should they have said?”
They should have said that tree ring data for the last forty or fifty years diverges from temperature data. At this time, we do not know how to explain the divergence. Until we have a scientific explanation of the divergence, which will include explanatory physical hypotheses about this kind of tree rings, we cannot use tree ring data as a proxy for temperature.
———–
“They did.
They also explained the possible cause of this and referenced sources.
Read the paper.”
I won’t say that you lie; rather, I will say that you interpret them overly generously. By the way, don’t assign me work that you should be doing. You produce the quotations.
The paper was called “Reduced sensitivity of recent tree-growth to temperature at high northern latitudes” by Briffa et al., the abstract reads:
“Tree-ring chronologies that represent annual changes in the density of wood formed during the late summer can provide a proxy for local summertime air temperature1. Here we undertake an examination of large-regional-scale wood-density/air-temperature relationships using measurements from hundreds of sites at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. When averaged over large areas of northern America and Eurasia, tree-ring density series display a strong coherence with summer temperature measurements averaged over the same areas, demonstrating the ability of this proxy to portray mean temperature changes over sub-continents and even the whole Northern Hemisphere. During the second half of the twentieth century, the decadal-scale trends in wood density and summer temperatures have increasingly diverged as wood density has progressively fallen. The cause of this increasing insensitivity of wood density to temperature changes is not known, but if it is not taken into account in dendroclimatic reconstructions, past temperatures could be overestimated. Moreover, the recent reduction in the response of trees to air-temperature changes would mean that estimates of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, based on carbon-cycle models that are uniformly sensitive to high-latitude warming, could be too low.”
So Briffa et al. did publish a paper in Nature showing that the tree-ring data diverged over the last 40-50 years and that they didn’t know the cause.
Which didn’t stop them from loudly braying “it could be worse than we thought!!!!”
A little of my perspective if you don’t mind Anthony:
http://noconsensus.wordpress.com/2011/03/26/peanuts/
ok, so tell the truth…
…did any of you actually believe they could get past temperatures from trees?
I know, they started out saying they were getting past climate, and morphed that into temperatures…..
…but did any of you actually fall for it in the first place?
Latitude says:
March 26, 2011 at 1:47 pm
“ok, so tell the truth…
…did any of you actually believe they could get past temperatures from trees?
I know, they started out saying they were getting past climate, and morphed that into temperatures…..
…but did any of you actually fall for it in the first place?”
What a wonderful question. I did not. Could have as easily believed that the cow jumped over the moon. But I have an advantage over most others, I grew up on a working farm and my father bought and sold timberland. There is just too much weather. Finding a temperature signal in tree rings would be exceedingly difficult.
Phil. says:
March 26, 2011 at 12:43 pm
but if it is not taken into account in dendroclimatic reconstructions, past temperatures could be overestimated.
Do I read this correctly? Are they saying that temperature in the past is probably lower than they think? As in it is even warmer now than in the past?
My understanding was that trees had been showing lower temperatures that reality, can someone explain to me how that could be translating in overestimating temperatures in the past?
Am I correct to interpret their “explanation” as it IS worse then we thought?
Phil. says:
March 26, 2011 at 12:43 pm
but if it is not taken into account in dendroclimatic reconstructions, past temperatures could be overestimated.
After rereading this, I am pretty sure that what they implying here is very different from what they should – instead of saying that their data is total garbage and can not be used, they saying that it is possible that modern temperatures are even hotter than their reconstruction indicates, it’s just they are not sure enough to claim it.
Do you agree with my interpretation, Phil?
Phil quotes:
“During the second half of the twentieth century, the decadal-scale trends in wood density and summer temperatures have increasingly diverged as wood density has progressively fallen. The cause of this increasing insensitivity of wood density to temperature changes is not known, but if it is not taken into account in dendroclimatic reconstructions, past temperatures could be overestimated.”
Where in there does it say that this divergence is powerful evidence for the claim that, for the past fifty years, tree rings have proved to be unreliable as proxies for temperature? Nowhere!
Where does it say that this divergence is clearly shown (or will be clearly shown) in our published graph. Nowhere! Why? Because they did not show it.
Where does it say that in our important hockey stick paper we have (or will) replaced this divergent data with thermometer temperatures but have not revealed that fact in the body of paper. Nowhere!
You want to use this paper to defend the team from my charges. The existence of this paper provides no statement to the effect that their evidence has been called into question. Where do they recognize that their evidence is questionable? Nowhere!
Reading this paper and the hockey stick paper one could only conclude that the divergence turned out to be nothing. Suggesting such a conclusion is a lie.
DirkH says:
March 26, 2011 at 7:42 am
“No; in asking this question, they reveal exactly what would be a problem for them. It is not a problem for them that the influence of CO2 cannot clearly be distinguished from other factors; but it would be a problem if the produced result would endanger the global warming narrative. So, for them, the dendro reconstruction is only a means to an end – they reveal themselves as social engineers, not natural scientists.”
Spot on. These people do not even possess the native instincts of scientists. They find something interesting, a problem, but instead of investigating it and reporting on it, as genuine scientists would, they hide it and continue uninterrupted with the global warming narrative! Astounding!
The case for fraud against Mann et al is as solid as it ever gets. They are no longer trying to convince anyone that their hypotheses have merit. All their activity now is solely directed toward one result: staying out of jail.
Are we going to do something about this:
Dr. Tim Ball received the second of two libel lawsuits from North Vancouver law firm of Roger D. McConchie on Friday (March 25, 2011). Global warming doomsaying professor Michael Mann files the latest writ.
http://climaterealists.com/?id=7445
R. de Haan says:
March 26, 2011 at 6:26 pm
I am willing to contribute to Dr. Tim Ball’s defense and hope something gets organized, but you should give a warning to those who follow that link that the first thing they will see is a smirking Mann. Really, my stomach recoils at that image. Let’s do all we can to remove that smirk. I would have thought that a statement of opinion in a play on words would not count as a libel – surely a libel would involve a more detailed accusation of criminal activity that had no basis in fact?
[…] Steve McIntyre uncovers another hockey stick trick – where are the … […]
Theo Goodwin says:
March 26, 2011 at 2:32 pm
Phil quotes:
“During the second half of the twentieth century, the decadal-scale trends in wood density and summer temperatures have increasingly diverged as wood density has progressively fallen. The cause of this increasing insensitivity of wood density to temperature changes is not known, but if it is not taken into account in dendroclimatic reconstructions, past temperatures could be overestimated.”
Wow, you do like to make things up!
Where in there does it say that this divergence is powerful evidence for the claim that, for the past fifty years, tree rings have proved to be unreliable as proxies for temperature? Nowhere!
Where does it say that this divergence is clearly shown (or will be clearly shown) in our published graph. Nowhere! Why? Because they did not show it.
They did, it’s Fig 2.
Where does it say that in our important hockey stick paper we have (or will) replaced this divergent data with thermometer temperatures but have not revealed that fact in the body of paper. Nowhere!
I’m not sure which paper you’re referring to here, perhaps you just made it up?
The ‘hockey stick’ paper usually refers to Mann’s paper and Briffa wasn’t one of the authors, in any case no such replacement took place in that paper. Later (2000) Briffa did write a reconstruction paper but it didn’t produce a hockeystick and didn’t replace the divergent data with thermometer temperatures. Note that in that paper they explicitly say: “Note the recent disparity in density and measured temperatures (T) discussed in Briffa et al. 1998, 1999.” They extensively discuss the impact of this in the paper (e.g. pages 96-7).
You want to use this paper to defend the team from my charges. The existence of this paper provides no statement to the effect that their evidence has been called into question. Where do they recognize that their evidence is questionable? Nowhere!
Clearly they do, in fact it is they who bring attention to the divergence problem! Your ‘charges’ appear to be fabrications.
Eric Anderson says:
March 24, 2011 at 9:03 am
It is hard to know whether they were intentionally deceptive or just so caught up in the “rightness” of their cause that they literally couldn’t see the discrepancies or couldn’t understand the implications. Amazing that at some point one of them didn’t wake up one night thinking, “Wait a minute, this is wrong.”
Or, “Wait, I see lots of trees–maybe there is a forest.”
Scott Covert says:
March 24, 2011 at 11:33 am
Could someone find me a nice hole in the earth to live in?
No can do. On good authority I know that the temperature is millions of degrees just below the surface.
Phil.:
It is not good behaviour late in a thread to repeat points that were refuted earlier in the thread. The clear purpose of the repetition is to mislead people who arrive late in the discussion and who jump to the end of the thread.
Your post at March 26, 2011 at 9:11 pm is an example of such misbehaviour.
I and several other people have refuted your point in posts above. I copy two such posts by me below to save you and others needing to find them.
Richard
*********
Richard S Courtney says:
March 25, 2011 at 2:42 am
Nick Stokes:
Your comment at March 25, 2011 at 12:05 am is silly: it is a proof that the ‘Team’ – and specifically Briffa – acted in a deliberately dishonest manner.
A lie that is often loudly stated is not corrected by the liar once having whispered the truth. The whisper only prooves that the liar knew he was lying.
Let me explain the matter in a manner that even you may understand.
The’divergence problem’ demonstrates that
(a) the tree-rings’ indications of temperature are wrong
or
(b) the thermometer-derived indications of temperature are wrong
or
(c) the tree-rings’ indications of temperature and the thermometer-derived indications of temperature are both wrong.
These are important findings because they indicate a need to determine which of the indications is wrong and why.
So, any paper that reports work which indicates the ‘divergence problem’ needs to provide a clear report and explanation of the the divergence together with a recommendation for work to obtain an understanding of the cause of the divergence.
But Mann, Bradley, Hughes, Briffa, etc. did not provide that clear report and recommendation in their papers which presented the ‘hockey stick’ graphs. Instead, they tried to ‘hide the decline’. In other words they pretended that their work said the tree-rings’ indications of temperature and the thermometer-derived indications of temperature are both right. THAT WAS AND IS A LIE.
And – knowing they had lied – they needed to cover their nether regions in case the truth came out. So, as you report, they did. In the obscure paper you reference
(K. R. Briffa et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 353, 65 (1998).)
they published a description of the divergence. So, now, whenever their lie is pointed out there are shills willing to say – as you do – that they did not lie because they published the truth in another paper.
I repeat, a lie that is often loudly stated is not corrected by the liar once having whispered the truth. The whisper only prooves that the liar knew he was lieing.
Richard
*****************
Richard S Courtney says:
March 25, 2011 at 5:42 am
SteveE:
At March 25, 2011 at 4:52 am you say:
“They do actually mention these parts in the paper though. ”
No! They do not.
Indeed, you quote the pertinent “mention” in their paper: it says;
“However, additional uncertainty may come from the earlier sections of the tree-ring data, because treering chronologies often exhibit a progressive degradation in statistical quality further back in time, a product of their diminishing internal replication (that is, series are often made up of fewer samples).”
This does NOT say they deleted earlier data which did not conform to what they wanted: it says they have less certainty in the earlier data which they did present.
And, as you say, they wrote:
“Unfortunately, these trees display a progressive increase in growth from the middle of the 19th century, which may be wholly or partly due to rising atmospheric CO2 levels. How can we distinguish the growth-promoting effects of warm temperatures from the possible influence of increasing CO2 and perhaps even other anthropogenic growth enhancers such as nitrogenous pollution? All show positive trends over the 20th century, and each has the potential to increase tree growth alone or in combination with others (regardless of whether that growth is limited by moisture availability or temperature).”
That is a ‘get out clause’ because it does not report the decline. Far from the paper explaining the importance of a difficulty in determining “the growth-promoting effects of warm temperatures from the possible influence of increasing CO2 and perhaps even other anthropogenic growth enhancers such as nitrogenous pollution”, the paper hid the divergence.
And you ask:
“I personally don’t see what the problem is, perhaps someone can explain?”
Please read my post at March 25, 2011 at 2:42 am and the post by Ian W at March 25, 2011 at 4:55 am . They explain it.
Richard
Nice catch, Steve. Very nice. Still, I’m not sure about the ethics of reporting data which lacks statistical significance. Investors and regulators might like might like to argue over suggestive numbers, but scientists should only reason from vetted ones. Climate change believers insist that 2010 was the hottest year on record … and they have a credible case, albeit if and only if you don’t bother about statistical significance. There’s no clear decision procedure for choosing between alternative hypotheses — Irving Copi’s criteria are useful, but subjective. There IS a clear decision procedure for accepting or rejecting measurements, however, and that’s statistical significance. I’d be loathe to give it up as a sine qua non in science, ESPECIALLY if judges and lawyers are willing to do otherwise. I’ve seen how far ‘legal’ reasoning can travel from anything resembling ‘reason’. Lord save us from that sort of nonsense!