I’m pleased to announce that the surfacestations.org project has now surveyed over 1000 of the 1221 USHCN stations in the USA, putting the percentage of the survey at over 82% now.My sincere thanks to the many volunteers who stepped up recently to survey additional stations in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and many other states.
Here is what the coverage looks like as of 7-14-09

Here is the breakdown by state. Note that 5 states are now 100% completed.
| State | Stations | Rated | Pct |
| WY | 30 | 26 | 87% |
| WV | 13 | 9 | 69% |
| WI | 23 | 17 | 74% |
| WA | 44 | 40 | 91% |
| VT | 7 | 6 | 86% |
| VA | 19 | 10 | 53% |
| UT | 40 | 33 | 83% |
| TX | 48 | 29 | 60% |
| TN | 15 | 13 | 87% |
| SD | 25 | 17 | 68% |
| SC | 29 | 22 | 76% |
| RI | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| PA | 24 | 18 | 75% |
| OR | 41 | 37 | 90% |
| OK | 45 | 39 | 87% |
| OH | 26 | 19 | 73% |
| NY | 59 | 42 | 71% |
| NV | 13 | 13 | 100% |
| NM | 28 | 26 | 93% |
| NJ | 12 | 10 | 83% |
| NH | 5 | 4 | 80% |
| NE | 46 | 32 | 70% |
| ND | 24 | 21 | 88% |
| NC | 29 | 28 | 97% |
| MT | 44 | 37 | 84% |
| MS | 32 | 31 | 97% |
| MO | 26 | 11 | 42% |
| MN | 33 | 32 | 97% |
| MI | 24 | 22 | 92% |
| ME | 12 | 10 | 83% |
| MD | 17 | 9 | 53% |
| MA | 12 | 11 | 92% |
| LA | 18 | 17 | 94% |
| KY | 13 | 8 | 62% |
| KS | 31 | 25 | 81% |
| IN | 36 | 35 | 97% |
| IL | 36 | 36 | 100% |
| ID | 28 | 21 | 75% |
| IA | 23 | 17 | 74% |
| GA | 23 | 21 | 91% |
| FL | 22 | 22 | 100% |
| DE | 5 | 4 | 80% |
| CT | 4 | 4 | 100% |
| CO | 25 | 24 | 96% |
| CA | 54 | 54 | 100% |
| AZ | 25 | 22 | 88% |
| AR | 15 | 12 | 80% |
| AL | 15 | 13 | 87% |
| TOTAL | 1221 | 1012 | 82.9% |
Here is a chart to show the table data above:
Note the states that are lacking the most in coverage are Virgina, Missouri, Texas, South Dakota, Maryland, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Nebraska, Pennesylvania, Iowa, and Idaho. These states are all below 80%. The states I would most like to get more surveys from are Missouri, Virginia, and Upstate New York which has a cluster of stations untouched. Arrangements have been made to get three stations in Texas this coming weekend: Alice, Falfurrias, and Rio Grande City, so anyone who is considering Texas can cross those off the list.

For those that wish to help getting the final stations here is a Google Earth KML file that will help you locate the remaining stations yet to be surveyed in the USA.
Download Google Earth KML file here (sincere thanks to Gary Boden for his preparation of this)
Just download it (right click, save as) and then drag and drop to Google Earth, which can be downloaded free here.
The coordinates are mostly accurate, but it is always a good idea to get station location descriptions from NCDC’s MMS database also. Often they can be located easier by description than by coordinates. Note the the KML file has descriptions also along with the COOP ID number to help you get a match with NCDC’s database.
If you wish to help in surveying the remaining stations, go to the surfacestations.org project and complete the signup process.
I know that many people have been waiting for an analysis of the data. That is in process right now and a paper suitable for peer review is being prepared. I’ll answer the most obvious question ahead of time, and that is: no I will not be posting the results here first. After the paper has been set for publication, and within the rules of the journal, the paper, all of the data, methods, and results will be made public for anyone who wishes to replicate the work or to challenge it. There will be no hidden folders marked “censored” or incomplete MATLAB code. I’ll post the Full Monty once cleared by the journal.
That being said, given the tasks ahead for me, I’ll be posting far less frequently on WUWT. In the meantime, please be patient and let me finish this up with my co-authors.
Some people have wondered why I have taken two years now before going into data analysis mode. There are a couple of reasons.
1- Getting the best stations. The number of well sited stations are so few, getting enough to do a valid comparison to the poorly sited stations was a challenge.This is why I’ll continue to ask for additional surveys until we reach a publication deadline. There are so few “best” stations that even adding a handful more will be statistically significant. So please, keep up the surveys.
2- Coverage. I wanted to be absolutely certain that I had an undisputably large enough sample both in percentage volume and in spatial distribution. There were some folks who did some analysis using data from early in the project, such as John V at about 30% (with very poor spatial distribution) and the recent NCDC Talking points memo at 43% NCDC “thought” they had the most current data, but they don’t have it, nor did they ask before attempting that analysis. That was an error on their part, and they are aware of it now. I’ve been in touch with the principal investigators at NCDC.
3- Patience is a virtue. If I had done analysis at 30 or 40%, as many suggested I do, and the analyzed results suggested that “siting mattered significantly” to the accuracy of the US Temperature record, I would be immediately vilified for having an inadequate sample, and rightly so. Interestingly, no such criticisms have been levied at NCDC by the AGW blog community for their results in the “talking points memo” at 43%, or at John V at 30%. Yet those results are being held up as examples of valid results by some. A double standard for statistical significance is something we’ve seen before in examples demonstrated by Steve McIntyre and others. Yet even without the statistical analysis, it is clear that the USHCN has not been well maintained. NOAA/NWS has closed many stations that we have highlighted, and even some we haven’t. Most recently Telluride, CO which is another story. If nothing else, this project is helping to get the USHCN network cleaned up. NOAA agrees in practice, as does NCDC, otherwise the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) would not have been created nor would there be an HCN modernization program if the USHCN was in an acceptable condition.
I wish to thank everyone who has helped in making this project continue to the level of coverage it has. Regardless of the outcome of the analysis, whether it shows that siting matters or it does not, one thing can always be said with pride: this survey is a one of a kind volunteer accomplishment that NOAA couldn’t do themselves.
It has been a long road, fraught with roadblocks, frustration, and criticisms. I appreciate everyone who has helped me along the road.

Is the USA warming or cooling?
Is there a plan to analyze the surface temperature data using Anthony’s weather station information, to try to obtain an uncontaminated dataset?
There are many weather stations.
What are the best techniques for eliminating sampling and measurement errors?
geo — I’m taking a trip to the UP in a few weeks so I was thinking about looking into the Iron Mountain, MI location as well. However, it doesn’t look like my route will really take me near it. For whatever it’s worth, though, I searched the NOAA MMS Station Locator site and it looks like the coordinates in the KML file might not be correct. The KML file gives the name of the station as the ‘Iron Mountain Kingsford WWTP’. This must be the Iron Mountain Kingsford Waste Water Treatment Plant. However, the NOAA site lists the coordinates of this station as 45.7858 N 88.0841 W which is different than what is contained in the KML file. The KML file appears to be the coordinates for the Iron Mountain Waterworks. Which one of these two locations actually houses the weather station is not clear. Just thought I’d mention it if you actually did go there.
Hmm, thanks Billy. I haven’t decided yet if it is on our route.
Hey Anthony, Evan, or any other long time volunteer,
I’ve got 3 out of 4 station owners contacted in SW Wi and will stop in next week. One SW Wisconsin station (Darlington) closed down 6 years ago. Is the goal to contact the last station owners and snap pictures of the grassy knoll where the station used to sit? Or does the station get marked closed with no action needed?
Thanks
G Block
REPLY: If you can determine with accuracy of a couple of feet where the station was then yes. If you have no such evidence clearly pinpointing location then no. – Anthony
Billy–
Looking in GE at the coords you provided for Iron Mountain, MI, they seem a lot more likely than the ones on the GE KML Unsurveyed Sites map. The KML Unsurveyed map puts the MMTS basically out in the woods of suburbia with no structures visible for hundreds of feet in any direction. The ones you give look a lot more like what I’ve seen so far on my travels. I’ll take both with me, of course, but I’ll try yours first.
http://mi3.ncdc.noaa.gov/mi3qry/login.cfm seems to be down right now. Working for anyone else?
I’m leaving tomorrow evening so any help appreciated. I see the SS Gallery is currently in turtle mode for security reasons.
The other sites I’ve got my eye on are in upper New York:
Canton, NY. This looks pretty reasonable a location in GE at 44.5772, -75.108994
Lawrenceville, NY. Doesn’t look terribly likely in GE at 44.72139 -74.74361. No visible structures for quite some distance in any direction. Tho it is listed as a min-max, rather than a MMTS.
Chasm Falls, NY. In Google Earth at 44.75, -74.21667 this looks pretty unlikely. Solid heavy wood with no obvious structures yet it is listed as a MMTS.
Obviously I can’t see the galleries right now. Are those sites still on the “to do” list? Any advice on them? We’re leaving tomorrow afternoon if anyone has anything to chip in.
The other sites I’m looking at for this trip
Okay, I found this site to look at NOAA location records since the SS link is no longer working: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/stationlocator.html
Chasm Falls has apparently been gone since 1995, so scratch that (at least so far as me visiting it).
Lawrenceville shows to “Nov 2008” instead of “Present”. On the one hand, that seems recent enough that it might be worthwhile. On the other hand, I don’t have the time on this trip to do a lot of sleuthing. So scratch that one too. Maybe I’ll look for another one in WI or New York to consider. Right now it’s just Iron Mountain, MI and Canton, NY on my list this trip.
Well, I considered adding Lockport, NY. . .but it looks like Lockport, NY has been gone for years too (1999) according to that same NOAA locator link. Either I’m looking at the wrong stuff, or there are quite a few of the “left to do list” that are left to do because they aren’t there anymore. Might be nice to have those in different colors or something on the KML map, as they really are a different kind of problem and likely level of effort and pre-preparation to address them.
Thinking maybe of Minocqua, WI now. Looks active and findable. Tho I can’t tell if somebody already got it since the map went out with the gallery down.
Anthony,
This is a very impressive accomplishment. Congratulations.
You may have done this already, but I thought it would be interesting to calculate a weighted average of the errors (bias) based on the percent of stations at each CRN level and the error levels at each. I calculated an average positive bias of ~2.25 deg C., which is ~4.0 deg F. To be conservative, I assumed a bias of 0 for CRN-1, 0.5 for CRN-2, 1.5 for CRN-3, 2.5 for CRN-4, and 5.0 for CRN-5.
I see the SS gallery is back up. We stopped at Minocqua, WI this morning and got some pics. We may add some of them to what is already in the SS gallery if any feel like they’d add to what is already there.
We also stopped at Iron Mountain/Kingsford, MI and got pics this morning after Minocqua.
Tomorrow we’re aiming for Canton, NY
Canton, NY collected this afternoon. Made for a humorous exchange with Canadian border service –Them: “When was the last time you visited Canada?” Me: “Three hours ago”.
Heh. Made me wonder if they got our plates registered on the way out the first time and knew the answer before they asked.
Anyway, no strip searches, dogs, or mirrors under vehicles were involved.
Considering a weekend swing thru eastern South Dakota August 22nd-23rd. . .
Okay, I think I’m clear for this weekend.
Looking at Watertown, Clark, Mellete, Highmore, Forestburg and Howard in South Dakota all in one trip. At least none have pictures in the SS gallery. I haven’t started reviewing yet which seem to still be likely to be active and actually at the location shown on the GE .kml and/or the USGHCN coordinates.
Anyone have some advice/insight on any of these?
I’ve researched the 6 SD sites above, doing the unsurveyed .kml vs ushcn locator, and I feel pretty good about having a good chance to get all 6. There is a conflict on two of them .kml vs ushcn locator, and the locator coords seem more reasonable for the description given, so I’m going with those (tho I’ll have the “secondary” coord possibilities with me as well).
So, off to SD in the morning for a weekend of walkabout.
4 South Dakota stations “got” today. Watertown, Clark, Mellette (which is really in Northville, but used to be in Mellette, 4 miles away, until 5 years ago), and Highmore.
Watertown was fun as it was both my first airport and my first ASOS Hygrothermometer. Luckily I did my homework and new what I was looking for. Still long range shots at max 5x zoom to see it, as the whole thing was fenced at a distance, but still recognizable. And I had my 7-21x variable zoom binocs with me too, and saw it even better thru those for the first time the binocs have proved useful on one of these trips.
Mellette was interesting for a different reason. I talked to the observer there, and he said someone from California who was “driving through” stopped by in June and took pictures. But there are none in the SS gallery for Mellette (until I have my dinner anyway). One of our SS volunteers who didn’t follow through on uploading? Or something else?
Anyway, the pizza should be here soon.
Two more (Forestburg and Howard) tomorrow on the road home.
Is anyone still reading this thread besides me and the mod? 🙂 Should I not bother posting here anymore?
THANK YOU. I’ll post an new update soon, Anthony
Got Forestburg and Howard today, and am home again. Gallerty db seems to be down at the moment, so I can’t upload yet.
A second report of the mysterious Californian picture collector in Howard. The Howard observer thinks it was earlier than June tho. So that’s two reports of him on this trip, one on the southern tier (Howard) and one on the northern tier (Mellette/Northville). Makes me think he might have gotten more of the same ones I got this weekend as well. Yet none uploaded to the surfacestaitons db. Curious.
REPLY: Gallery db has some serious issues, it may have been hacked, or it may be some SQL issue, can’t tell just yet. Will be OL for a couple of days. – Anthony
I know you were worried about being under attack from hackers a few weeks ago –I hope it isn’t that. Anyway, best of luck! Today’s pics will wait just fine until then –they are on two media now, so nothing should happen to them in the interim!