I’m pleased to announce that the surfacestations.org project has now surveyed over 1000 of the 1221 USHCN stations in the USA, putting the percentage of the survey at over 82% now.My sincere thanks to the many volunteers who stepped up recently to survey additional stations in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and many other states.
Here is what the coverage looks like as of 7-14-09

Here is the breakdown by state. Note that 5 states are now 100% completed.
| State | Stations | Rated | Pct |
| WY | 30 | 26 | 87% |
| WV | 13 | 9 | 69% |
| WI | 23 | 17 | 74% |
| WA | 44 | 40 | 91% |
| VT | 7 | 6 | 86% |
| VA | 19 | 10 | 53% |
| UT | 40 | 33 | 83% |
| TX | 48 | 29 | 60% |
| TN | 15 | 13 | 87% |
| SD | 25 | 17 | 68% |
| SC | 29 | 22 | 76% |
| RI | 3 | 3 | 100% |
| PA | 24 | 18 | 75% |
| OR | 41 | 37 | 90% |
| OK | 45 | 39 | 87% |
| OH | 26 | 19 | 73% |
| NY | 59 | 42 | 71% |
| NV | 13 | 13 | 100% |
| NM | 28 | 26 | 93% |
| NJ | 12 | 10 | 83% |
| NH | 5 | 4 | 80% |
| NE | 46 | 32 | 70% |
| ND | 24 | 21 | 88% |
| NC | 29 | 28 | 97% |
| MT | 44 | 37 | 84% |
| MS | 32 | 31 | 97% |
| MO | 26 | 11 | 42% |
| MN | 33 | 32 | 97% |
| MI | 24 | 22 | 92% |
| ME | 12 | 10 | 83% |
| MD | 17 | 9 | 53% |
| MA | 12 | 11 | 92% |
| LA | 18 | 17 | 94% |
| KY | 13 | 8 | 62% |
| KS | 31 | 25 | 81% |
| IN | 36 | 35 | 97% |
| IL | 36 | 36 | 100% |
| ID | 28 | 21 | 75% |
| IA | 23 | 17 | 74% |
| GA | 23 | 21 | 91% |
| FL | 22 | 22 | 100% |
| DE | 5 | 4 | 80% |
| CT | 4 | 4 | 100% |
| CO | 25 | 24 | 96% |
| CA | 54 | 54 | 100% |
| AZ | 25 | 22 | 88% |
| AR | 15 | 12 | 80% |
| AL | 15 | 13 | 87% |
| TOTAL | 1221 | 1012 | 82.9% |
Here is a chart to show the table data above:
Note the states that are lacking the most in coverage are Virgina, Missouri, Texas, South Dakota, Maryland, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Nebraska, Pennesylvania, Iowa, and Idaho. These states are all below 80%. The states I would most like to get more surveys from are Missouri, Virginia, and Upstate New York which has a cluster of stations untouched. Arrangements have been made to get three stations in Texas this coming weekend: Alice, Falfurrias, and Rio Grande City, so anyone who is considering Texas can cross those off the list.

For those that wish to help getting the final stations here is a Google Earth KML file that will help you locate the remaining stations yet to be surveyed in the USA.
Download Google Earth KML file here (sincere thanks to Gary Boden for his preparation of this)
Just download it (right click, save as) and then drag and drop to Google Earth, which can be downloaded free here.
The coordinates are mostly accurate, but it is always a good idea to get station location descriptions from NCDC’s MMS database also. Often they can be located easier by description than by coordinates. Note the the KML file has descriptions also along with the COOP ID number to help you get a match with NCDC’s database.
If you wish to help in surveying the remaining stations, go to the surfacestations.org project and complete the signup process.
I know that many people have been waiting for an analysis of the data. That is in process right now and a paper suitable for peer review is being prepared. I’ll answer the most obvious question ahead of time, and that is: no I will not be posting the results here first. After the paper has been set for publication, and within the rules of the journal, the paper, all of the data, methods, and results will be made public for anyone who wishes to replicate the work or to challenge it. There will be no hidden folders marked “censored” or incomplete MATLAB code. I’ll post the Full Monty once cleared by the journal.
That being said, given the tasks ahead for me, I’ll be posting far less frequently on WUWT. In the meantime, please be patient and let me finish this up with my co-authors.
Some people have wondered why I have taken two years now before going into data analysis mode. There are a couple of reasons.
1- Getting the best stations. The number of well sited stations are so few, getting enough to do a valid comparison to the poorly sited stations was a challenge.This is why I’ll continue to ask for additional surveys until we reach a publication deadline. There are so few “best” stations that even adding a handful more will be statistically significant. So please, keep up the surveys.
2- Coverage. I wanted to be absolutely certain that I had an undisputably large enough sample both in percentage volume and in spatial distribution. There were some folks who did some analysis using data from early in the project, such as John V at about 30% (with very poor spatial distribution) and the recent NCDC Talking points memo at 43% NCDC “thought” they had the most current data, but they don’t have it, nor did they ask before attempting that analysis. That was an error on their part, and they are aware of it now. I’ve been in touch with the principal investigators at NCDC.
3- Patience is a virtue. If I had done analysis at 30 or 40%, as many suggested I do, and the analyzed results suggested that “siting mattered significantly” to the accuracy of the US Temperature record, I would be immediately vilified for having an inadequate sample, and rightly so. Interestingly, no such criticisms have been levied at NCDC by the AGW blog community for their results in the “talking points memo” at 43%, or at John V at 30%. Yet those results are being held up as examples of valid results by some. A double standard for statistical significance is something we’ve seen before in examples demonstrated by Steve McIntyre and others. Yet even without the statistical analysis, it is clear that the USHCN has not been well maintained. NOAA/NWS has closed many stations that we have highlighted, and even some we haven’t. Most recently Telluride, CO which is another story. If nothing else, this project is helping to get the USHCN network cleaned up. NOAA agrees in practice, as does NCDC, otherwise the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) would not have been created nor would there be an HCN modernization program if the USHCN was in an acceptable condition.
I wish to thank everyone who has helped in making this project continue to the level of coverage it has. Regardless of the outcome of the analysis, whether it shows that siting matters or it does not, one thing can always be said with pride: this survey is a one of a kind volunteer accomplishment that NOAA couldn’t do themselves.
It has been a long road, fraught with roadblocks, frustration, and criticisms. I appreciate everyone who has helped me along the road.
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Yes, patience is a virtue. But while it is easy to talk about, it is so very hard to practice.
Thanks again for yours and the volunteer’s great work and the best of luck on publication.
What a great thing this study and Google Earth turned out to be. Well done Anthony and fellow volunterers.
Your relentless and painstaking approach is reminiscent of Michael Faraday. The divergence of temperature data is another bombshell waiting to explode upon the global warming debate. Meanwhile, another leg of AGW theory is collapsing with this must-read for climate realists, 8 fatal flaws in IPCC’s climate modeling…
“INTERNAL MODELING MISTAKES BY IPCC ARE SUFFICIENT
TO REJECT ITS ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING CONJECTURE
ALBEDO REGULATES CLIMATE, NOT THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT.
CO2 HAS NO MEASURABLE EFFECT ON CLIMATE.”
by Jeffrey A. Glassman, PhD
http://www.rocketscientistsjournal.com/2009/03/_internal_modeling_mistakes_by.html
Unfortunately the map doesn’t seem to be getting any greener or bluer. Have we no volunteers in Chicago to zip over and nail that sore thumb Indiana site?
Looking forward to seeing our own raw data version of the “talking points” memo, since the CRN 1 & 2 stations in it were homogenized stations.
Thanks to everyone for your hard work and diligence. Especially to Anthony.
3- Patience is a virtue. If I had done analysis at 30 or 40%, as many suggested I do, and the analyzed results suggested that “siting mattered significantly” to the accuracy of the US Temperature record,
Anthony
Can you clarify what you mean by this. I’m sure everyone accepts that siting will affect actual readings, but many readers of this blog are interested in the implications from the perspective of ‘climate change’. To them, therefore, it is the effect on the trend, which should be most important.
For example, if Station A was reading 2 degrees above the surrounding area in 1980 and it is also reading 2 degrees above in 2009, the trend will be unaffected.
It’s worth repeating that the trends for the US surface record and the UAH satellite record are virtually identical (0.25 deg per decade).
@John Finn,
Just imagine a station that was well-sited in 1950 – maybe on a grass field surrounded by farm land 2 miles from a small town.
Since then the surrounding fields have been turned into a nice suburban development with A/C units, sprinklers, roads, houses.
The station itself has changed. There is now a small car-park and a gravel road. The temperature gauge has been moved closer to a building to give the cables have a shorter run.
These changes did not all occur at the same time – but gradually.
I’m sure you get the idea…
Looks like the end of ths epic is nigh. Be good f you and your team can get the report out before Copenhagan.
Thanks to you and all involved for the hard work which has gone into this.
Congrats Anthony and all – sort of like a birthday!
Happy Millennium!
John Finn said:
It’s worth repeating that the trends for the US surface record and the UAH satellite record are virtually identical (0.25 deg per decade).
John, I think this is incorrect. I see no net global warming in the UAH data since 1979. It appears we are back to where we started in 1979, and probably cooling, but with significant variability. Comparing UAH LT to Hadcrut3 ST, I see ~0.07C/decade warming bias in Hadcrut3.
No instant gratification here. A truly Herculean effort in which many ought to be lauded.
What? No “censored” files? What is this, some kind of scientific study?
Appreciate the efforts being expended to apply rigorous standards to the study. This is how such work should be done – and how errors are sometimes discovered. It isn’t about being right (though it may feel good); it’s about learning and improving our understanding of the world around us.
And if you’re not posting as often, it’s all for a good cause. But then I’m sure there will be plenty of chances to fill in some days with some fun fluff stories, like the one about The Blob off the north coast of Alaska.
John Finn (00:10:06) :
“It’s worth repeating that the trends for the US surface record and the UAH satellite record are virtually identical (0.25 deg per decade).”
Yeah, but UAH’s trend is 0.25 DOWN per decade!
:O
LOL!
Kidding!
The most important aspects of a scientific study are the data analysis and publication of the results. I am happy to hear that Anthony is working on the statistical analysis and that he will submit the results for peer-review before posting on a blog, as a public posting before submission and peer-review is not acceptable for scientific journals. The results could, however, be presented at a scientific meeting before being submitted for peer review. I am very curious to learn whether the local siting issues are significant or not.
John Finn (00:10:06) :
It’s worth repeating that the trends for the US surface record and the UAH satellite record are virtually identical (0.25 deg per decade).
What decades? Do you think that if you repeat a whitewash often enough it becomes true?
http://rankexploits.com/musings/2009/uah-anomaly-down-but-not-negative/
John Finn (00:10:06) :
I completely agree with John’s post above. The main issue for the analysis of these data is whether station siting affects temperature trends. I assume that the main hypothesis is that UHI effects are increasing and leading to an over estimate of climate warmin due to poor siting. This would be shown if temperature has been increasing more rapidly at poorly sited stations than at well-sited stations. Thus, the analysis needs to test whether temperature over the last decades has increased more at the poorly sited sites than at the better sited sights. By now, the number of sites that have been rated is enough to make a very rigorous statistical test of this hypothesis. There is no need to get at or near 100% coverage.
A remarkable volunteer achievement. It will be interesting to see the final outcome.
What about resurveying the worst stations? Start with first surveyed and worst CRN. Just to get an idea of how these issues are being resolved.
Maybe a random retest so it can be quantified?
Congratulations, Anthony!!!! Looking forward to The Full Monty. Unfortunately, the U.S. government will only be bare-assed with absolutely no class.
Jack Hughes (01:35:50) :
@John Finn,
Just imagine a station that was well-sited in 1950 – maybe on a grass field surrounded by farm land 2 miles from a small town.
Yes I understand the point. However I ‘m not sure how often this actually happened and to what extent it affected the US trend
We know that, since the satellite era , the US trend for both UAH and GISS has been 0.25 deg per decade, i.e identical. This suggests siting issues have had no effect on the amount of warming since 1979.
Allan M R MacRae (02:29:41) :
John Finn said:
It’s worth repeating that the trends for the US surface record and the UAH satellite record are virtually identical (0.25 deg per decade).
John, I think this is incorrect. I see no net global warming in the UAH data since 1979. It appears we are back to where we started in 1979, and probably cooling, but with significant variability. Comparing UAH LT to Hadcrut3 ST, I see ~0.07C/decade warming bias in Hadcrut3.
No it’s not incorrect. You appear not to have read what I write. The US trend is 0.25 deg per decade for both UAH and GISS. Futhermore, as was pointed out in a recent post, the trends for all 4 datasets are within about 4 hundredths of a degree within each other since 1992.
Wouldn’ t it be better to change the color of all those 1000 spots to blue, light blue or green?, because we are already saturated of noaa’s reds and oranges.
It would be a nicer and more relaxing view.
“That being said, given the tasks ahead for me, I’ll be posting far less frequently on WUWT.”
We can understand the need for your working time, but my craving for my WUWT “fix” is obviously going to be unsatisfied. It is one of my few “must” reads every day. (I always look at Climate Audit as well to see if Steve has something new, but given the depth of his analyses he can’t crank them out daily.) All the best with your invaluable work.
IanM
I tried to hit Moberly, MO, on 7-03 but it appeared to be atop the roof of the local radio station, and no one was available to let me in.
Finn wrote: “By now, the number of sites that have been rated is enough to make a very rigorous statistical test of this hypothesis. There is no need to get at or near 100% coverage.”
Yes people said the same thing when I was at 30%.
Does a population census stop when somebody says “we have enough”?
This isn’t like an opinion poll mind you, where 1000 people queried are said to represent a national trend. This is a census.
I’m really not interested in stopping when just a little bit more effort will provide a complete census. And as I mentioned the goal is to find the remaining “best” stations.
I find it amazing that people want to give up so easily and have so little curiosity in seeing a complete data set such as you display. The phrase “close enough for government work comes to mind”.
Congrats on the milestone, Anthony–and a big hat tip to all you dedicated volunteers who made it possible.
Okay, enough basking. Back to work.
Anthony, I live five miles away from the Gt. Barrington AP, Mass., and asked them about their station (none visible). They replied that they haven’t had a reporting staff or staff in years.
Better write that one off.
REPLY: Yes according to NCDC metadata, it has been closed. They seemed to have some issue in the years leading up to closure. Switching from MMTS to “other temperature equipment”. – Anthony