Arctic Sea Ice Increases at Record Rate

Arctic Sea Ice Increases at Record Rate

Guest Post by Jeff Id on February 3, 2009

Something I’ve been interested in for the last several months is sea ice data. What makes it interesting is that as I understand it, models demonstrate the poles should be most sensitive to global warming leading the planet temp, especially in the Arctic. Recently I have been able to process the monthly and daily gridded arctic data as provided by NSIDC. The daily values allow a better analysis of trend than can be provided by the monthly data.

If you’re like me you recall the claims of fastest melt rate ever were made about 2007 , I fully believed them, because the graphs showed a much more negative value than in the previous 30 years as shown in Figure 1 below.

06-07-ice-area1
Click for larger image

This effort was originally intended to investigate how bad the melt rate was in comparison to the natural variation, I didn’t get that far yet. Accessing and processing the gridded data was critical to the analysis, so I spent the time reading the literature and writing code. Having full access to the NSIDC data allows some interesting analysis, they do an excellent job on their site.

There are two primary algorithms used for processing ice data NasaTeam and Bootstrap. The descriptions of the data state the difference between the two is very small and the sets are interchangeable except that bootstrap is recommended for trend analysis in research publications. Bootstrap is only provided in monthly data format while NasaTeam is provided in both monthly and daily provided you’re willing to download over 1G of data, write code to process it, refit the land and missing data mask and sum the results. I am. Also, NasaTeam provides a near real time version of the polar ice data which has a different land mask and hasn’t been processed for missing data. This data isn’t as clean but I wanted to use it. I applied the same land mask as the rest of the series to insure that there was a consistent baseline for trend analysis. The missing data from Jan 2008 onward created noise in the series which I simply filtered out using a 7 day sliding window filter.

The mask looks like this Figure 2

nasateam-arctic-ice-mask

The brown is land, black edges on land are coastline and light blue is the satellite data not measured. This mask is applied consistently through the entire data series. There was some question about masking on one of my other posts at WUWT where visually the land area seemed to change size, in the case of the NSIDC data they apply masks consistently except for the satellite hole and the near real time data.

The NasaTeam version of the arctic ice data looks like the plot below for  2009 (note the small size of the satellite data hole). This graph was created in R using the actual Nasa Team masks and data. I used the worst case land and polar masks to adjust the entire dataset to eliminate problems with consistency. Figure 3

nasateam-arctic-ice-feb-2009

Of course it’s an interesting picture, but what I wanted to know when I started this post was how bad was the worst melt rate in history and what is the actual melt area. In the plot below the arctic is losing sea ice at a rate of only 56K km^2/year. Of course sea ice area went up in the Antarctic during the same time frame though. Note the strong recovery in 08 of Figures 1 and 4, which actually exceeds values of most of the record, matching data back to 1980. Much of this is first year ice so the melt in 08 was expected to be a new record.

30-yr-ice-area1
Click for larger image

If you recall, in 2007 and 08 we were treated to headlines like this, which most of us accepted with a shrug.

Scientists warn Arctic sea ice is melting at its fastest rate since records began

NASA data show Arctic saw fastest sea ice melt in August 2008

Arctic Just Witnessed Fastest August Ice Retreat in History

I processed and analyzed the NasaTeam land area and missing data masks spending hours understanding different variances they list on their own website. After nearly everything I could find (except satellite transitions errors) was corrected (a different post) and corrections for variance in the measured pixel size, the final result in 30 day trends of arctic sea ice looks like the graph below (Figure 5). This graph is a derivative of the ice area plot. The maximum peaks and valleys represent the maximum rates of change in 30 day periods through the ice record.

meltrate
Click for larger image

Looking at this plot of the 30 day slopes of actual NASA gridded data, the maximum ice melt rate occurs in 1999 and in 2004 not in 2007. Surprisingly the maximum ice growth rates occur in 2007 and 2008, I don’t remember those headlines for some reason. Don’t forget when looking at the 2008 – 09 peak, the data is preliminary and hasn’t been through the same processing as the other data. From looking at the unprocessed data I doubt it will change much.

Certainly the 30 year arctic trend in ice area is downward, even the most committed global warming scientist has to admit this happens regularly in climate along with regular 30 year uptrends. The questions are, did we cause it or not, and was CO2 the instigating factor. The rapid recovery of ice levels has to have some meaning regarding the severity of the problem. This goes directly in the face of accelerated global warming and the doom and gloom scenarios promoted by our politicians and polyscienticians.

Why are my conclusions different from the news reported records? I think it’s likely due to the fact that the scientists used the monthly data which is processed using a weighted filter of the daily data that incorporates a longer time frame than a single month. This means their use of the monthly data to establish a monthly trend was in error and the real record down trends were actually set in 1999, 2003 and 1984. While the record uptrends were in 2007, 2008 and 1996.


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Neil Crafter
February 4, 2009 12:23 pm

Mary Hinge (02:34:54) :
Since Anthony has left the WUWT ship in other crew members hands the ship has been steadily steering away from real science, beyond pseudo science and deeply into the murky realms of conspiracy theory. I suggest Anthony grabs the wheel and steers back to the real world quickly.”
Its good to have you as WUWT’s moral and scientific compass, what would we do without you?

Rhys Jaggar
February 4, 2009 12:24 pm

By the way, anyone know why NSIDC’s daily ice extent charts have gone on the blink since the end of January?

DJ
February 4, 2009 12:25 pm

This responses have degenerated into semantics. Permanent = perennial. The Arctic in the available records covering the period of observations has experienced a perennial ice regime. Nothing is permanent in lasting for ever, but we are all mature enough to understand the difference between seasonal and perennial ice regimes.
Here’s a nice figure (ironically from a “sceptic” site) which shows historical ice data http://www.jennifermarohasy.com/blog/archives/Blog%20and%20Wiki%20format%2C%20Arctic%20Seasonal%20Sea%20Ice%20Extent%2C%201870-2007%20ver%203.jpg
using Data from the University of Illinois. Summer ice is collapsing, annual ice is declining but more slowly due to basic geography and climatology.
The IPCC, nsidc, University of Illinois etc all provide very extensive peer reviewed literature for those who really wish to understand the science of Arctic climate change. NOAA provides a running commentary on changes at http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/.
The coming years will set record low Arctic Sea ice extent and we will soon see a sea ice free Arctic summer.

tom
February 4, 2009 12:27 pm

This is good. Conversation, that is. I wish I would have been able to read the [snip].
Here’s the way I see it. Carbon dioxide is the boogey man! Global warming is it’s terrible effect (not to mention rising sea levels.) Is any of it true . . . who can tell. The bottom line is the Western Powers are about to embark on a huge clean up mission. Clean up the carbon dioxide by reducing emissions. The emissions which carry all the rest of the crud will be cleaned up because of the Global Warming scare. I really don’t see the benefit of disputing this theory.
I’ve often wondered why they chose carbon dioxide instead of . . . ohhh, I don’t know . . .carbon monoxide or sulfur dioxide or . . . . Then I realized that it just doesn’t matter. We’re going to clean up our mess because “the polar bears are drowning.”8-o
The argument has been made that there are many people perpetuating this scare in order to make a lot of money. So, what’s the difference between them and those who make money from sewing gasses into our atmosphere?
Rhys Jaggar (cool name) Let’s do it. 20% oxygen, 75% carbon dioxide, the rest nitrogen. Now you’ve my curiosity aroused!;-)
Peter: I do believe DPatterson said for “informal discussion’s sake” before giving those stats.

Chris Schoneveld
February 4, 2009 12:28 pm

P Folkens (00:43:50) : “For example, recent anthropological work in northern Greenland have revealed Eskimo settlements and ancient sea shores that show a sea level more than a meter higher 800-1000 years ago compared with now.”
Apparently, you and the anthropologists you quote have never heard of post-glacial rebound. Of course, those fossil shoreline indicators have moved up together with the isostatic uplift of the land. So let’s not use those observations as an argument for less ice (i.e. higher sea levels) 1000 years ago.

William
February 4, 2009 12:33 pm

Dave
Would you feel better if I locked several plants in the same air-tight room until they died from lack of CO2? I guess one man’s poison can be a plants food for growth. What’s the point?

Peter
February 4, 2009 1:21 pm

Tom:

I really don’t see the benefit of disputing this theory.

How about preventing the waste of untold trillions of dollars of our money tilting at windmills? Money which could far better be spent on really cleaning up the environment – for example, we could provide clean water and sanitation for all at a tiny fraction of that cost.
Do you have any idea just how much pollution exists in third-world countries, caused by the burning of wood, etc? In the developed world, pollution is now far, far less than it was in the days of our grandfathers.

Jack Linard
February 4, 2009 1:34 pm

To Charles the moderator: Yes but I was right. Wasn’t I?!!
Reply: not for me to say, but the choice of words was above average ~ charles the moderator

Mr Green Genes
February 4, 2009 1:46 pm

Pray tell. When are the years coming and how soon will we see your ice free Arctic summer? (+/- 10 years will do 😉 )
(Apologies if I’ve got the blockquotes all wrong – I am but an egg)

February 4, 2009 2:00 pm

Tom,
I would respond to this:

I really don’t see the benefit of disputing this theory.

But…. I don’t think that Anthony’s ‘science’ blog is the place to get into the realities which include heavy politics.
Catch me at MY CLIMATE BUZZ or the Sean Hannity Forums (This THREAD will do: Global Warming Watch) and I will be more than happy to go into all of the issues.

Mr Green Genes
February 4, 2009 2:01 pm

Fantastic – I messed the blockquote up completely!!!
I was of course referring to:-
DJ (12:25:18) : The coming years will set record low Arctic Sea ice extent and we will soon see a sea ice free Arctic summer.
I’d still like to know:-
When are the years coming and how soon will we see your ice free Arctic summer? (+/- 10 years will do).
I apologise for the inconvenience …

Edward Morgan
February 4, 2009 2:02 pm

Jeff you’ve id’d this one correctly. Thank-you for your clear explanation. No wonder those birds are being seen all over. I’ve heard people talk of those waxwings coming as far south as the midlands (uk). When it all clicks you know its right. Fog gone. Appreciated, Ed.

tom
February 4, 2009 2:15 pm

Peter:
You suppose we should put up coal fired power plant to power the sanitation facilities and water pumping/filtration stations? Or, perhaps developing wind turbines and solar panels might be a better option.

llabesab
February 4, 2009 2:16 pm

AlGore says that when the Arctic/Antarctic sea ice melts, a big chunk of the world will be underwater. Funny, but I put ten ice cubes in a big glass; filled the glass to the absolute rim; came back 60 minutes later and, guess, what? The water didn’t overflow. Did Al “The Bore” Gore forget the “Inconvenient Truth” of “displacement?

John Galt
February 4, 2009 2:19 pm

I really don’t see the benefit of disputing this theory

It’s very possible the increased CO2 in the atmosphere is an effect of the warming and not the cause. According to the ice core data Gore used to *prove* warming is caused by increased CO2 in the atmosphere, the warming actually comes first and then the CO2 goes up! Gore either can’t read the data or he deliberately deceived his followers. The time lag between warming and increased CO2 is a few hundred to a few thousand years.
There is also no real evidence that more warming will have an overall detrimental effect on the planet. Life likes warmth. Cold kills. Compare the climate during the Medieval Warm Period with the Little Ice Age. Which of these two would you rather live in: a climate of milder winters and good harvests or a climate with long winters, crop failures, famine and plagues?
Familiarize yourself with Bjorn Lomborg’s work, particularly “Cool It”. Lomborg, like you, believes the warming last century was man-made and due to greenhouse gas emissions. However, Lomborg rejects the alarmism and the hysteria. Lomborg points out that more warming will have both benefits and detriments but it will be overall beneficial. Lomborg also analyzes the cost between not emitting a ton of CO2 v. the cost of dealing with the effects. According to Lomborg, it costs 10x as much to stop a ton of CO2 emissions as it does to clean up after it.
Lomborg also analyzes the cost/benefit ratio of various humanitarian efforts. Some of the most cost effective are childhood vaccinations and better prenatal care. The least cost-effective thing we can do is trying to stop global warming.
Many of us believe we can’t really stop global warming anyway, unless you want to stop civilization and eradicate about 90% of the human species. We are also limited to stopping or preventing global warming only to the extent that it’s man-made and not natural. That is, if the warming is 60% natural and 40% man-made, we can only hope to control the 40% .
The climate has warmed steadily since the low-point of the Little Ice Age (or would that be the peak of the LIA?) and it’s like most of the warming we had last century is just a continuation of the natural processes that ended the LIA.

hunter
February 4, 2009 2:19 pm

DJ,
Would you like to propose a wager for your confident prediction about ice?

E.M.Smith
Editor
February 4, 2009 2:36 pm

tom (08:19:11) :
John Galt,
Actually, the reason your body exhales carbon dioxide is because it is a waste product; try inhaling some, as I’ve suggested.

OK.. hang on…. POP!!! fizzzz Long Sniff inhale deeply savor rich aroma… GUZZZZZLE!! Heck, carbonated tastes good too!!!
I have inhaled lots of CO2, swallowed, soaked in, and consumed gallons of saturated CO2 solution (daily when possible!), and have found no bad effect on my being.
(The ethanol content, however, deserves close watching 😉
All I’m saying is we need to pollute less; a lot less.
Absolutely, but CO2 is not a pollutant.
What happens to humans who are consistently exposed to the mercury from jet exhaust?
Last time I looked Kerosene K1, Jet-A, Jet-A1, and JP4 & JP8 were not laden with mercury. Or is it not reported in the spec?
How about all of the exhaust from burning all of that coal?
It does need serious scrubbing and mercury removal; which I think present designs do have…
Maybe there’s a reason all of that stuff is buried.
Yes: algae, trees, and ferns died and silt was deposited on top of them. They are a natural product of mother gaia…
If we do absolutely nothing with coal & oil, nature will erode them back into the ocean, they will enter the environment, eventually be sediments subducted under the continents, and return as volcanic ejecta. You thought volcanos made CO2 from basalt, or what?
Most volcanos form at subduction zones from the change of rock melt point from the entrained water et.al. in the subduction zone making a more liquid magma that rises and erodes the rock above to make a volcanic vent. The existence of the “ring of file” is a demonstration of sediment recycle…
Inspection of a coal resource map for the USA shows the erosion channels through the original deposits. That coal eroded and went back into the environment, mercury and all, without our help.
“Use it or lose it” is a reasonable summation.
All of this is on geologic time scales. There is a case to be made for assuring the rate of production is within reasonable ranges of natural processes. Since nature produces much much more than we produce from fossil fuels, I think that limit is fairly large…
Sidebar: There is more energy in the Uranium in a given mass of coal than there is in the carbon. A major reason for thorough coal ash recovery and flue gas scrubbing ought to be the recovery of that U resource. We throw away a few thousand tons of U each year in this way. This would extend our U resourse from about 10,000 years to over 20,000 years; but nobody seems to care much about the impending shortage of U based energy supply 10,000 years from now …

E.M.Smith
Editor
February 4, 2009 2:42 pm

Clearly that was supposed to be “ring of fire” …

Peter
February 4, 2009 2:59 pm

Tom:

You suppose we should put up coal fired power plant to power the sanitation facilities and water pumping/filtration stations? Or, perhaps developing wind turbines and solar panels might be a better option.

However you do it, it’s better (and less polluting) than what they’ve got now.

February 4, 2009 4:10 pm

I am not a scientist. But reading the main article and the comments, in regard to discussions of “normal” climates or apropos something like “normal climate change” (the opposite of AGW), how does one establish a “norm” at all?
For millions of years this planet was a habitat to various kinds of “terrible lizards.” Was that in appreciation of its longevity a “norm”? In contrast homo sapiens is really a new kid on the block. So, even, let’s say, that Anthropomorphic Global Warming is real … perhaps that is just part of what THIS species does. (There may be some ecological advantage in being a big dumb lizard.) I raise this, admittedly otherwise off-topic point, because the entire AGW debate strikes me as something like the Medieval conundrum of “how many angels can dance on the head of a pin?”
There is something very weirdly psychological about all this arguing.
I also note that atheism is a fad among scientists today — not that I’m making claims about what scientists believe — who knows what they believe. But I note a “fad,” rather like the changes in hemlines and lapel styles are fads. And this fad is particularly interesting from a psychological perspective because sometimes the same people who argue that there is no God and that change occurs “randomly” are the same demographic that says the climate is no longer “normal.” But how does one define “normal” in a randomly functioning system?
I have no scientific training to analyze the scientific claims being made here by dueling parties. But I have sufficient experience of human nature to observe some of the psychological dynamics.
Certainly if human beings were changing the planetary habitat in ways that threatened their own existence, one couldn’t fault them for trying to take corrective actions. But looking at the arguements from a more cosmic perspective, I must say I find it amusing to think that non-scientist Al Gore gets a particular statum of Western society in alarms when — any stray, “randomly” arriving meteor of sufficient size could render the entire debate and the proposed “corrective actions” moot (to say the least).
Whatever. One must marvel at the economy of the terrible lizards. They flourished in one form or another for such a marvelously long time. In contrast some of us are already on the verge of expiration from the tedium of this teapot tempest.

February 4, 2009 4:40 pm

I get a good laugh from this blog every few days. Not that the discussion isn’t, interesting. It can be educational. But the hatred spewed from the ‘anti-Gore’ or whatever camp they belong too is weird. If you disagree with someone’s opinion in science we have methods to find the answer to the given question. Unlike a question about religion, we will see more facts and more clearly understand them in the coming years. In time a more refined understanding will appear, most likely a more complicated picture of what’s happening that pleases neither group of extremists. But the cynics start to sound a bit like those who feel evolution is a theory on the same footing as Creationism. You know the good old 8,000 year old earth idea. They still argue that, but it’s clear the delusional aspects of their argument have taken control. Don’t turn this into that. It’s too important to all of us.
I’m not a professional scientist, I draw pictures, so I am not sure why there isn’t more straight up research and discussion here instead of the anger displayed. From my perspective it makes the folks holding out for more info on climate change look bad. I’m not sure why anyones opinion on this subject is worthy of attack with the vitriol I see here. The good thing is, in another 50 or 100 years it will be much clearer and I guess some folks can feel better that they were right.

D. Patterson
February 4, 2009 4:49 pm

Peter (11:46:52) :
The use of the term, “tipping point” was used wryly with an “if” to indicate a response to the use of the term by the Global Warming proponents. I would not use the term except to acknowledge the usage by global Warming proponents. Major mass extinctions have occurred in association with temperatures and carbon dioxide levels comparable to those at the present, and are often cited as an important factor in causing the mass extinctions. Certainly, plants, then and now, benefit from large increases in carbon dioxide and are thretened with extinction in the event carbon dioxide is substantially deceased from present levels.
“But to even begin to claim that one understands the relationship between atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and ecosystem tipping points, and that we are currently in a safe zone, is nonsensical.”
We certainly do know for a demonstrated fact that certain species of plant life will perish when carbon dioxide levels are reduced beyond a certain level. I hope you are not going to contend that present plant life will not undergo extinction if present carbon dioxide levels were reduced to less than a certain “safe zone” fraction of present levels tolerable by these plants?
“You simply cannot equate past conditions for life with the current ones.”
You certainly can to a useful general degree when certain species’ genetics and biochemical mechanisms remain virtually identical or sufficiently similar to draw conclusions. We certainly cannot pretend that we’re dealing with a completely different universe having a wholly different physics and chemical properties. As a paleontologist, you must know that the fossil record reveals massive numbers of species became extinct around the world when their environment suddenly became much colder. The oxygen isotopes in the fossils alone indicate that much.
“The Earth has been considerably warmer, and considerably colder, in the past, including the Phanerozoic.”
When during the Phanerozoic did the Earth become “considerably colder” than the present; i.e. more than 3C to 10C colder than anytime in the Tertiary?
“But, the rates of change of climate that we can measure in the distant geological record are all far slower than the rates observed today, and slower than those predicted to occur in the near future. (This is a simple function of the resolution of the geological record).”
Such was the presumed interpretation of the stratigraphy until recently. The latest ice core research has revealed details from much finer resolution than is typically possible in studying rock stratigraphy. We now have the evidence to demonstrate temperature changes of 7C in only fifty (50) years, which would appear to be virtually instantaneous in the fossil record. The world climate can and has made sudden shifts in climate in only a number of decades of time, so present changes cannot be presumed to be caused by humans at all without other very substantial evidence.
“WHY do you think that predicted warmer conditions, if accurate, will be fine for humans??!”
We already know for a fact that the Earth’s climate is not static and cannot be engineered by humans to remain static, so that is not an available possibility or choice.
We also must recognize that our environment is already at the extreme lower end of Earth’s scale of experience with temperature and carbon dioxide levels during the Phanerozoic, so any further major cooling resulting from a catastrophic event like an asteroidal impactor, nuclear war, planktonic ecological disaster, etc. could result in the mass extinction of most species of multi-celled plant and animal life.
Since we are unable to remain static with regard to climate change, and we cannot risk going lower on the scale and causing or suffering a very severe ice age or a snowball Earth event; our only remaining choice is to take our chances on survival in the warmer and wetter Earth environment that was common for most of the past ~542 million years. We already know that reducing arable land with a colder climate cannot support the current global population, but a warmer climate can increase arable land, water supplies, and plant productivity. Humans have tended to prosper in wamrer climates, and most other life preceding humans prospered in a climate wamer by 10C and with carbon dioxide levels of 1200ppm to 4800ppm (Scotese; Geocarb). It’s up to humanity to reduce and adapt its population to sustainable levels before Nature does it for us.

Pamela Gray
February 4, 2009 5:10 pm

I would like to know the stats on the percentage of warmers, by age and gender, who actually drink this poison.
Here is a question for you, which came first, waste oxygen or waste CO2, back when one-celled things were all we had.

Psi
February 4, 2009 5:19 pm

P Folkens (00:43:50) :
DJ (22:42:26) : >. . . multi-year multi-metre thick ice. That ice is all now nearly gone, and as best as we can tell the current ice volume is the lowest on record.
This whole thread is built on a lack of understanding of basic climatology and climate change.<
One need not have temperature or ice data or even papers on climate change to make reasonable and accurate deductions. Anthropology and even early literature are sources of direct and indirect evidence that refute your notion of “the lowest on record.” For example, recent anthropological work in northern Greenland have revealed Eskimo settlements and ancient sea shores that show a sea level more than a meter higher 800-1000 years ago compared with now. If one accepts anthropological studies and carbon dating as part of the “record,” one must therefore accept basic climatology and climate change that shows rather conclusively that it has been warmer than now within the confines of what most regard as “history.” Think Strait of Anián, Northwest Passage, the Eskimo migration east from Alaska, the Norse Sagas and ventures into Baffin Island (Helluland). It all destroys the notion that the Arctic is the “warmest on record” or the ice is the least “in history.”

Mr. Folkens–
Superb post.
Climate scientists seemed to sealed in an almost hermetic, impermeable theoretical bubble. What you are describing is simply the “medieval warm period,” as verified by independent archaeological and anthropological evidence of the arctic region. Very well done post — Anthony, I think you should ask this poster to write up a more detailed and referenced account of this. Great stuff. I wonder if eskimo folk memory recalls these warmer days?

mikeangelo
February 4, 2009 6:06 pm

As a fellow meteorolgist, I find your post very interesting to say the least. I fall along the same line of global trending, as I feel you do. And, some of the responses to your blog were also extremely interesting.
Keep up the good work and spawning the discussion. There’s so much more that needs to be heard on this subject.
Best regards –
-MikeAngelo-