This year's Antarctic ozone hole is 5th biggest

September 12th, 2008 Ozone hole over the Antarctic

Palette relating map colors to ozone values

From NASA News

This is considered a “moderately large” ozone hole, according to NASA atmospheric scientist, Paul Newman. And while this year’s ozone hole is the fifth largest on record, the amount of ozone depleting substances have decreased about 3.8% from peak levels in 2000. The largest ozone hole ever recorded occurred in 2006, at a size of 10.6 million square miles.

The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual maximum on Sept. 12, 2008, stretching over 27 million square kilometers, or 10.5 million square miles. The area of the ozone hole is calculated as an average of the daily areas for Sept. 21-30 from observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite.

More here and  here from NASA

What I find most interesting is this press release from last year from NASA:

NASA Keeps Eye on Ozone Layer Amid Montreal Protocol’s Success

NASA scientists will join researchers from around the world to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Montreal Protocol.

+ Read More

In that PR they write:

“The levels of ozone depleting compounds in the atmosphere continue to drop, thanks to 20 years of scientific advances following the signing of the Montreal Protocol.”

“The Montreal Protocol has been a resounding success,” said Richard Stolarski, a speaker at the symposium from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. “The effect can be seen in the leveling off of chlorine compounds in the atmosphere and the beginning of their decline.”

No mention of the possibility of cosmic rays then, but in the face of a reversal, I wonder if maybe they’ll consider alternate suspects. Sometimes I think of our current atmospheric science like a stubborn district attorney that refuses to look beyond what he considers the prime suspect.

“We’ve got our criminals and their names are CO2 and CFC, I’m confident that the forensics will show them guilty beyond a shadow of the doubt”.

Trouble is, if forensics had the same sloppy data gathering and adjustment procedures as we’ve seen climate science, the defense would have the forensics tossed out easily.

h/t to David Walton

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jae
November 9, 2008 7:55 am

“We’ve got our criminals and their names are CO2 and CFC, I’m confident that the forensics will show them guilty beyond a shadow of the doubt”.
Exactly. The media and press-releases are running the world.

John Cooper
November 9, 2008 7:57 am

…so in other words, the CFC ban has turned out to be another DDT hoax, but maybe with less fatal results?
REPLY: I don’t know that we can say that yet, but it is starting to look a bit like CO2. We have changes in the gas which don’t always correlate to the atmospheric measurements. It brings it into question again, whereas before it was a slam dunk for CFC’s as the cause. – Anthony

JaneHM
November 9, 2008 8:22 am

Anthony
Do you or a reader have an updated plot of this southern latitudes ozone graph?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Min_ozone.jpg
Jane

John Cooper
November 9, 2008 8:23 am

I read some news last year – something about it had been discovered that the formulas used to calculate the “dwell time” of CFCs in the atmosphere were off by an order of magnitude. Oh wait, here it is: Ozone Science Revisited

News@nature.com (sub required) is reporting a new analysis by Markus Rex, an atmosphere scientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research in Potsdam, Germany, which finds that the data for the break-down rate of a crucial molecule, dichlorine peroxide (Cl2O2) is almost an order of magnitude lower than the currently accepted rate.
What this could mean according to the Nature news article is that:
“This must have far-reaching consequences,” Rex says. “If the measurements are correct we can basically no longer say we understand how ozone holes come into being.” What effect the results have on projections of the speed or extent of ozone depletion remains unclear.
The rapid photolysis of Cl2O2 is a key reaction in the chemical model of ozone destruction developed 20 years ago2 (see graphic). If the rate is substantially lower than previously thought, then it would not be possible to create enough aggressive chlorine radicals to explain the observed ozone losses at high latitudes, says Rex. The extent of the discrepancy became apparent only when he incorporated the new photolysis rate into a chemical model of ozone depletion. The result was a shock: at least 60% of ozone destruction at the poles seems to be due to an unknown mechanism, Rex told a meeting of stratosphere researchers in Bremen, Germany, last week.

November 9, 2008 8:28 am

Seem that the Montreal Protical has acctualy failed. If the largest, and 5th largest (wich was less than one percent smaller than the largest) ozone holes have occured after the ozone depleating substances have started to drop, looks to me like a compleat faluar.
And to think that I can’t get my trucks airconditioning repaired over this whole fiasco.

Mike Smith
November 9, 2008 8:28 am

The 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to Gerhard Ertl in the field of surface chemistry. What he found was the the chemical reaction between ozone and CFC’s believed to cause the ozone hole does not occur in the real atmosphere, only in the lab.
In addition, there are other questions about the chemical reaction itself: http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070924/full/449382a.html .
Five years ago, there was a ‘consensus’ regarding the ozone hole which now seems to be falling apart. The ozone hole is, in theory, far more simple than the earth-ocean-atmosphere system that produces our weather and climate.

james griffin
November 9, 2008 8:39 am

Acknowledging any possible effects Cosmic Rays have on the Ozone layer opens the door to other possibilities…such as their effect on increasing cloud cover.
It is then only a matter of time before AGW is questioned..
Don’t expect anything to happen for quite a while but another cold winter and another cold summer should at least kick-start the debate.
Likely clues to the debate starting will be well known AGW’s taking early retirement…or new jobs!

Pete
November 9, 2008 8:44 am

I would give the CFC ban the benefit of the doubt as any uncertainties at the time could be outweighed by the precautionary principle related to CFC chemistry since CFCs are not naturally occurring beyond very low levels.
That’s why the CO2 concern floors me. There is no unknown chemistry concern with CO2, but it seems sometimes to be considered as a nasty polluting chemical. If I didn’t know any better I might think it was as bad as nerve gas.
The real test for the CFC folks is to see if they go the way of the CO2 crowd.

paminator
November 9, 2008 8:53 am

There was an interesting article published in Nature last year-
http://www.junkscience.com/sep07/Chemists_poke_holes_in_ozone_theory.htm
“As the world marks 20 years since the introduction of the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer, Nature has learned of experimental data that threaten to shatter established theories of ozone chemistry. If the data are right, scientists will have to rethink their understanding of how ozone holes are formed and how that relates to climate change.”
If these results from NASA JPL are confirmed, then, as some leading atmospheric chemistry scientists have stated publicly-
“If the measurements are correct we can basically no longer say we understand how ozone holes come into being.”
“The result was a shock: at least 60% of ozone destruction at the poles seems to be due to an unknown mechanism, Rex told a meeting of stratosphere researchers in Bremen, Germany, last week.”
“Now suddenly it’s like a plank has been pulled out of a bridge.”
And the piece de resistance- “Overwhelming evidence still suggests that anthropogenic emissions of CFCs and halons are the reason for the ozone loss. But we would be on much firmer ground if we could write down the correct chemical reactions.”
Unbelievable. We know the answer. We just need to work out the chemical reactions to support what we “know”. Sure sounds familiar.
I wouldn’t put the CFC ban in the same category as the DDT ban, since it resulted in far fewer deaths. The DDT ban has killed millions of Africans, mostly children, due to Malaria outbreaks, whereas the ozone hole nonsense and subsequent CFC ban has only resulted in the loss of one space shuttle and higher refrigeration costs worldwide.

November 9, 2008 9:00 am

[…] error post hoc ergo propter hoc.  It’s also physically impossible for CFCs to cause the Ozone hole, but that didn’t stop “scientist” from claiming the opposite, nor did that fact […]

Phil Nizialek
November 9, 2008 10:01 am

I’ve always wondered when humankind discovered the ozone layer, and when we started measuring its extent. Are there proxies that exist to determine the historical extent of the ozone layer, or is the ozone hole/CFC hysteria based on 50 or so years of measurement? If its only 50 years, how can anyone be sure that the ozone hole isn’t just a natural occurrence? I’m new to all this, so I’d appreciate it if someone could set me straight? Thanks
Nizialek

Steven Goddard
November 9, 2008 10:02 am

Slightly OT:
Antarctic ice is above normal again.
http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/images/daily_images/S_daily_extent.png
It will be interesting to see NSIDC’s next monthly Arctic news update, with ice at it’s highest extent and area (for the date) since at least 2001.
http://www.ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/seaice/extent/AMSRE_Sea_Ice_Extent.png
http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/images/daily_images/N_timeseries.png
http://eva.nersc.no/vhost/arctic-roos.org/doc/observations/images/ssmi1_ice_area.png
Will they choose to highlight this highly relevant information, or will they choose to seek out some concept which boosts the idea of rapidly disappearing ice?

MattN
November 9, 2008 10:18 am

While debating this with another poster on another forum, I’ve learned a few things I did not know about the ozone hole. It is not permanent. It forms only when atmospheric conditions and temperatures are just right. It forms during the winter months when the stratosphere reaches -80F. There is not a corresponding Arctic ozone hole because it simply does not get that cold there. Furthermore, clouds play a very significant role. I suspect the cloud condition may be influenced by the cosmic ray variable (should that prove itself out). The most important thing I learned is this hole CANNOT extend past 55 degrees latitude (and most commonly will never get north of 65 degrees) because the atmospheric conditions to support the ozone breakdown simply will never exist there. It’s too warm.

brazil84
November 9, 2008 10:23 am

“We’ve got our criminals and their names are CO2 and CFC, I’m confident that the forensics will show them guilty beyond a shadow of the doubt”
Looks to me like CO2 is being Nifonged.

BarryW
November 9, 2008 10:42 am

the defense would have the forensics tossed out easily.

Not when the judge is the district attorney’s husband. The trial is rigged, don’t cha know..

Brooklyn Red Leg
November 9, 2008 10:42 am

Does anyone know if the Astrophysics (Solar Physicists in particular) or Particle Physicists have looked at this problem? Does anyone know what particles or rays may in fact interact ‘negatively’ (if that is the right word) with ozone? Please, I am a layman so be gentle (I studied Military History…..ie – the wheres, whys and hows of people blowing crap up throughout the ages).

Chris V
November 9, 2008 11:01 am

This new research does not in any way contradict the well-supported theory that CFCs cause ozone depletion- quite the opposite, in fact.
Previously, it was thought the breakdown of CFCs (and the release of ozone-destroying chlorine) was mainly caused by UV light; this research shows that cosmic rays also break down CFCs.
CFCs are still the source of the chlorine.

TerryBixler
November 9, 2008 11:03 am

The LA Times yesterday reported the event as totally man made. It seems impossible to get factual reporting when even NASA spins the data. What is wrong with CFCs do not seem to be the cause as was once thought and we now believe it could a combination of UV and cosmic rays involved with solar output. We used to bleed patients to restore their health, those ideas were discarded with better science. Why must we blame man when we haven’t a clue about the chemistry.

Tom
November 9, 2008 11:09 am

I follow these debates with an open mind. If the sun stays as relatively inactive as it currently is for a while, we will get our answer, one way or another, about the sun’s influence on climate. It’s too early, yet, to draw conclusions, in my view. The change in Arctic sea ice growth in the last 3 months is very interesting, but we need to see if it continues in that direction, for example. I think it was Bjorn Lomborg who said he wants results to be data driven, not model driven.
I do want to say that DDT was not a hoax. Reason magazine’s Ron Bailey, among many others, made this point. It really did cause a number of birds in the U.S. to have huge declines in populations because their egg shells would break. This was determined in the field as well as in experiments in the lab, which found the biological mechanisms by which DDT caused eggshells to get so thin. It was widespread DDT use on farms which caused it to be so abundant as to have these effects. I for one don’t think we should be cavalier about widespread use of a chemical which had the potential to cause Peregrine Falcons, Bald Eagles, Brown Pelicans, and several other assorted large birds to come close to disappearing in the lower 48.
I also agree that DDT’s limited use on the insides of huts in Africa has saved tens of thousands of lives, at minimum, and could save many, many more. Just the smell of it keeps the mosquito carriers of malaria outside the living quarters. The hostility of environmentalists and governments to such limited life-saving use is as criminal as is defense of its original widespread use. To say that DDT was a hoax in the first place is wrong on the facts.

GP
November 9, 2008 11:22 am

On a parallel topic … sort of.
Are you guys on the West side of the pond likely to put up a good show over this:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27609463/
If so I’ll plan to get a few beers in, buy some popcorn and watch the show.
If not I guess it will mean a trip the Restaurant at the End of the World as we Know It. Once there I will watch the death throes of the civilisation I am familiar with whilst quaffing something alcoholic and blowing my soon to be worthless savings, such as they are.
A question for those more familair than I with US politics.
Will the Democrats and their outliers self destruct before or after Obama takes office?
Supplementary question.
Will they take most of the developed world with them?
Grant

OldManRivers
November 9, 2008 11:23 am

OT but I think you’ll find this link from the BBC’s Green Room very interesting.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7643883.stm
Is this an early sign that the BBC is beginning to panic and getting ready to open up the AGW debate?

John Cooper
November 9, 2008 11:32 am

paminator:Thanks for remember about the loss of the Columbia. The cause wasn’t just the banning of the Freon blowing agent for the ET foam, but the banning of the surface preparation solvent as well, which caused bonding problems throughout the shuttle program.

About eight years ago (~1993) Thiokol Propulsion began
a comprehensive effort to eliminate the use of
1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) for adhesive
bonding surface preparation in the manufacture
of NASA’s Space Shuttle Reusable Solid Rocket
Motor (RSRM). TCA is an ozone-depleting
compound (ODC) whose production has been
banned by international agreements.

Now the loss of the Challenger (and two Titan expendables) was primarily due to the replacement of the asbestos-bearing Fuller O’Brien putty used to seal the SRB O-ring joints. Fuller O’Brien quit making it under threat of lawsuits and NASA selected a replacement which obviously didn’t work. (See: Did risk reduction backfire in space? )
Yup, the environmentalists were at least partly responsible for the loss of both orbiters.

John Cooper
November 9, 2008 11:39 am

Chris V writes: CFCs are still the source of the chlorine.
What about the millions of tons of chlorine injected into the atmosphere from volcanoes, the oceans, and other natural sources. I read where those sources are much larger than any man-made source. Anybody have the numbers?

lance
November 9, 2008 11:40 am

Tom –
Any studies you can refer to on the DDT/eggshell business?
I’ve never been able to find any that supported the claim . . .
Thanks in advance for any info.

Pierre Gosselin
November 9, 2008 11:41 am

The Great Alarmist GORE lays it out in the NYT. The 5 things he says that need to get done, NOW!:
1. Large-scale investment in incentives for the construction of concentrated solar thermal plants and wind farms.
2. Planning and construction of a unified national smart grid.
3. Convert quickly to plug-in hybrids that can run on the renewable electricity.
4. Nationwide effort to retrofit buildings with better insulation and energy-efficient windows and lighting.
5. Put a price on carbon here at home.
This of course is to “begin an emergency rescue of human civilization from the imminent and rapidly growing threat posed by the climate crisis.” And concerning coal: “we simply cannot any longer base the strategy for human survival on a cynical and self-interested illusion.”
Obviously big Al hasn’t seen any temperature data since George snatched the election from under his nose in 2000. My bet is that Obama is gonna try to implement this insanity.
Anyone willing to predict otherwise?

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