From the University of Washington and the department of unbearable press releases:
First global review on the status, future of Arctic marine mammals
For Arctic marine mammals, the future is especially uncertain. Loss of sea ice and warming temperatures are shifting already fragile Northern ecosystems.
The precarious state of those mammals is underscored in a multinational study led by a University of Washington scientist, published this week in Conservation Biology, assessing the status of all circumpolar species and subpopulations of Arctic marine mammals, including seals, whales and polar bears. The authors outline the current state of knowledge and their recommendations for the conservation of these animals over the 21st century.
“These species are not only icons of climate change, but they are indicators of ecosystem health, and key resources for humans,” said lead author Kristin Laidre, a polar scientist with the UW Applied Physics Laboratory.
The overall numbers and trends due to climate change are unknown for most of the 78 populations of marine mammals included in the report: beluga, narwhal and bowhead whales; ringed, bearded, spotted, ribbon, harp and hooded seals; walruses; and polar bears.
The paper reviews population sizes and trends over time, if known, for each group, ranging from millions of ringed seals to fewer than a hundred beluga whales in Northern Canada’s Ungava Bay.
“Accurate scientific data – currently lacking for many species – will be key to making informed and efficient decisions about the conservation challenges and tradeoffs in the 21st century,” Laidre said.
The publicly available report also divides the Arctic Ocean into 12 regions, and calculates the changes in the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall freeze-up from NASA satellite images taken between 1979 and 2013.
Reductions in the sea ice cover, it finds, are “profound.” The summer ice period was longer in most regions by five to 10 weeks. The summer period increased by more than 20 weeks, or about five months, in the Barents Sea off Russia.
The species most at risk from the changes are polar bears and ice-associated seals.
“These animals require sea ice,” Laidre said. “They need ice to find food, find mates and reproduce, to rear their young. It’s their platform of life. It is very clear those species are going to feel the effects the hardest.”
Whales may actually benefit from less ice cover, at least initially, as the open water could expand their feeding habitats and increase food supplies.
Approximately 78 percent of the Arctic marine mammal populations included in the study are legally harvested for subsistence across the Arctic.
“There’s no other system in the world where top predators support human communities the ways these species do,” Laidre said.
The study recommends:
- Maintaining and improving co-management with local and governmental entities for resources that are important to the culture and well-being of local and indigenous peoples.
- Recognizing variable population responses to climate change and incorporating those into management. In the long term, loss of sea ice is expected to be harmful to many Arctic marine mammals, however many populations currently exhibit variable responses.
- Improving long-term monitoring while recognizing monitoring for all species will be impossible. Alternatives include collecting valuable data from subsistence harvests, using remote methods to track changes in habitat, and selecting specific subpopulations as indicators.
- Studying and mitigating the impacts of increasing human activities including shipping, seismic exploration, fisheries and other resource exploration in Arctic waters.
- Recognizing the limits of protected species legislation. A balanced approach with regard to regulating secondary factors, such as subsistence harvest and industrial activity, will be needed, since protected species legislation cannot regulate the driver of habitat loss.
While the report aims to bring attention to the status and future of Arctic mammals, the authors hope to provoke a broader public response.
“We may introduce conservation measures or protected species legislation, but none of those things can really address the primary driver of Arctic climate change and habitat loss for these species,” Laidre said. “The only thing that can do that is the regulation of greenhouse gases.”
###
The report was funded by the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources and NASA. Co-authors are Harry Stern at the UW; Kit Kovacs, Christian Lydersen and Dag Vongraven at the Norwegian Polar Institute; Lloyd Lowry at the University of Alaska; Sue Moore at the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; Eric Regehr at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Anchorage; Steven Ferguson at Fisheries and Oceans Canada; &Ostroke;ystein Wiig at the University of Oslo; Peter Boyeng and Robyn Angliss at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Erik Born and Fernando Ugarte at the Greenland Institute of National Resources; and Lori Quakenbush at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
The study builds on a 2013 report by the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, a multinational group that advises the Arctic Council on biodiversity and conservation issues. Laidre was one of the lead authors for the chapter on marine mammals.
For more information, contact Laidre at 206-616-9030 or klaidre@uw.edu. She will leave March 20 to begin fieldwork in Greenland.
For Arctic marine mammals, the future is especially uncertain. Loss of sea ice and warming temperatures are shifting already fragile Northern ecosystems.
The precarious state of those mammals is underscored in a multinational study led by a University of Washington scientist, published this week in Conservation Biology, assessing the status of all circumpolar species and subpopulations of Arctic marine mammals, including seals, whales and polar bears. The authors outline the current state of knowledge and their recommendations for the conservation of these animals over the 21st century.
“These species are not only icons of climate change, but they are indicators of ecosystem health, and key resources for humans,” said lead author Kristin Laidre, a polar scientist with the UW Applied Physics Laboratory.
![A [fat] polar bear is shown on the north slope of Alaska. Credit: Eric Regehr, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service](https://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/uw-polar-bear.jpg?quality=83)
The paper reviews population sizes and trends over time, if known, for each group, ranging from millions of ringed seals to fewer than a hundred beluga whales in Northern Canada’s Ungava Bay.
“Accurate scientific data – currently lacking for many species – will be key to making informed and efficient decisions about the conservation challenges and tradeoffs in the 21st century,” Laidre said.
The publicly available report also divides the Arctic Ocean into 12 regions, and calculates the changes in the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall freeze-up from NASA satellite images taken between 1979 and 2013.
###
The report was funded by the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources and NASA. Co-authors are Harry Stern at the UW; Kit Kovacs, Christian Lydersen and Dag Vongraven at the Norwegian Polar Institute; Lloyd Lowry at the University of Alaska; Sue Moore at the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; Eric Regehr at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Anchorage; Steven Ferguson at Fisheries and Oceans Canada; &Ostroke;ystein Wiig at the University of Oslo; Peter Boyeng and Robyn Angliss at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Erik Born and Fernando Ugarte at the Greenland Institute of National Resources; and Lori Quakenbush at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
The study builds on a 2013 report by the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, a multinational group that advises the Arctic Council on biodiversity and conservation issues. Laidre was one of the lead authors for the chapter on marine mammals.
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Words, words, everywhere,
And all the brains did shrink;
Words, words, everywhere,
Nor any thought to think.
~Max Photon
freakin brilliant. well worth the visit.
Right on, Max Photon.
“Duh”, just how many NON-ice-associated seals are there …. that are now living in Arctic waters?
HA, I guess that Kristin Laidre believes it is far better to tell a few half-truths rather than outright lies or far-flung exaggerations.
Polar bears do not require sea ice to find food, mates, reproduce or to rear their young. If there was no sea ice …. their food would come to them on shore.
Seals do not need sea ice to find mates, to birth their young or to rear their young. If there was no sea ice …. the females would come to shore to birth and rear their young (Polar Bear food).
If there was no sea ice …. the female seals and their pups would be “negatively” affected ……… whereas both Polar Bear males, females and their cubs would be “positively” affected. (Their food has to come on-shore to them)
Like I posted once before, ….. iffen all the Arctic ice melts, … the most dastardly problem that Polar Bears will have to contend with, ….. is, … like so, … to wit:
http://vineyardgazette.com/sites/default/files/article-assets/main-photos/2013/ml_skiffs_island_seals.jpg
“Yawn”, indeed
You may as well debunk this propaganda too!
http://www.salon.com/2015/03/21/arctic_sea_ice_hits_record_low_winter_peak_partner/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=socialflow
Debunk? Either it’s the lowest max or not. Looks like it is. Okay, debunked. That was easy.
I rarely read anything at Salon.com but upon your recommendation I did read the article. What part do you dispute? I thought it was an accurate accounting of the current arctic status.
The one thing that always has bothered me a bit is how they define “arctic” ice as some places included are actually quite far (in latitude) from the arctic circle (the sea of Okhotsk for example).
That propaganda is really funny because what matters to polar bears more is spring sea ice.
• Twenty good reasons not to worry about polar bears and climate change
• Polar bear breeding takes place from March to June on the sea ice, but most occurs during April and May.
• Polar bears survived an ‘ice-free’ Arctic during the Holocene Hypsithermal between 9,000 to 5,000 years ago.
• In 2008 a radio collard polar bear was clocked making a continuous swim of 687 km over 9 days.
• Polar bears survived the Medieval Warm Period which lasted a couple of hundred years.
The problem with ferreting out the truth is that the different sources disagree. For example, DMI does not agree with the claim: http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/old_icecover.uk.php
Just transplant a few poly bears and the seals they prey upon to the Antarctic – there’s plenty of ice down there.
And a few climate scientists to eat.
If we asked penguins, they’d perhaps prefer sending leopard seals to Arctic.
Accurate data currently unavailable? Or by failing to actually do the field work, while blowing the budget doing activism meetings and wilfully ignoring the work of real wildlife biologists..
Oh noes.. its a crisis.. we did not bother to do our jobs but we BELIEVE.
Another incestuous bunch of parasites who would be of greater benefit to taxpayers if placed on the welfare rolls.
This is the normal practise of modern bureaucracy, policy based evidence manufacturing.
Very true.
@ur momisugly John Robertson, Before any more of this rubbish happens, the federal government committees on the Environment for all of these countries should Subpoena the diaries and airline info of all these so-called Scientists to see what they are actually doing with the Money we, the Taxpayers, give them. How many Talkfests they attend instead of actually getting out there in the Fields. I would hazard a guess and say not many would be going “out there” but what is a lot easier is mail-listing all your complicit mates in the Climate-Change email List to set the Agenda for the next Talkfest. What an utter Waste of our Money all this is.
Words, words,
so good, so good,
repeated, repeated.
“We may introduce conservation measures or protected species legislation, but none of those things can really address the primary driver of Arctic climate change and habitat loss for these species,” Laidre said. “The only thing that can do that is making billionaires out of Wall Street millionaires trading carbon credits.” “That’s the only thing that can save the world.”
the regulation of greenhouse gases.”There ya go, fixed it for ya.
http://i3.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/original/000/929/721/85b.jpg
Clearly Photoshopped. The floor beam hasn’t buckled, the train car isn’t tilting from the weight, and the elderly ladies haven’t keeled over from the smell.
No, I think it’s real. The bears can’t get around on ice so they have to take the polar express.
The shot is of a publicity stunt for a film in London. Two men in an amazingly realistic polar bear costume roamed around on the trains. They had studied how polar bears move in detail and it was incredibly convincing at first glance.
Old’un
A pedant writes:-
That’s not London. Based on the livery of the train and the destination indicator, I’d say the picture is taken in the Czech Republic.
GG:
You are right!
The stunt in London a month or so ago (by Sky TV) got wide coverage because it was so well done. If you google it you will see many video clips. They are all on the Underground, but I thought that he had also been on one of the overground services, as the livery looked familiar.
https://youtu.be/Xr67ztF96JQ
Plainly not London Bridge Station – the train is on time, and the bear doesn’t have fourteen dozen people trying to climb on over it . . . .
Times have not been good at London Bridge Station since Christmas, until (whisper it) the last few days.
Auto – thoroughly fed-up with the unreliability of commute trains into and out of London Bridge Station [and I know the rebuild will be wonderful when it is finished, about the time I retire!]
And the snouts to long? I think its a stuffed teddy bear ?
The authors outline the current state of knowledge…
…based on the old false statistics…and flat out lies
…which makes this no different than any other so-called “CAGW” science.
(yawn)
Laidre said. “The only thing that can do that is the regulation of greenhouse gases.”
Her money statement.
You know what people? I’m just going to call bulls### on the polar bear study. But, hey, they got paid by BIG GOVERNMENT right?
So, as I understand it, although Polar Bear numbers are good now and their habitat is fine now, they should be considered endangered because it is predicted their critical ice habitat will soon disappear due to global warming. They are essentially taking that prediction as a fact. Is that reasonable? Well, until the last few years at least the arctic ice has been undergoing a considerable decline, which certainly means there is reason for concern, and at least a reason to keep a close eye on the situation. But considering that most of the other CAGW predictions of catastrophe have so far proven to be overblown, it seems to early to start panicking about the polar bears.
Notice how they refer to area of sea ice, not ice volume. Let’s see how much melts this year compared with last. The Arctic isn’t warmer in summer lately, if ever. It is the same miserable 3 degrees C.
The statement about the Siberian summer being extended “by 5 months” is ridiculous. Summer in Mongolia which is south of all of Siberia is only 3 months long. Mid-June to mid-September and then it starts snowing again. The permafrost starts in mid-Mongolia and runs all the way to the Arctic Ocean.
I hope Greenland melts. It is a miserable place to live.
Since these animals are apex predators dosn’t it rather imply that the whole Arctic ecology is doing very well. Given that generally predators are limited by available prey.
The only other possible explantion would be something was happening in the past, which is no longer happening.
How many eco-loons did they get to snack on last summer when they were trying to get through the “open” Northwest Passage? Those calories should have been good to raise a few more pups as well.
What a bunch of control freaks. How did nature ever survive without us?
Man is the problem.
The Enlightened Few are the solution.
Fund the Enlightened Few.
Indeed!
How did these poor creatures in the polar regions survive the first few thousand years of the current Holocene Era, when it was significantly warmer than today?
How come it is always in those years, when there is a late spring/long winter that the polar bears have the lowest survival rates?
Alarmist grant addicts are responsible for so much of the climate BS fantasy tales.
“How come it is always in those years, when there is a late spring/long winter that the polar bears have the lowest survival rates?“. Evidence please.
There is an attractive sandy beach with driftwood and shells on the north shore of Greenland that was formed during the Holocene Optimum.
“”The beach ridges which we have had dated to about 6000-7000 years ago were shaped by wave activity,” says Astrid Lyså. They are located at the mouth of Independence Fjord in North Greenland, on an open, flat plain facing directly onto the Arctic Ocean. Today, drift ice forms a continuous cover from the land here. Astrid Lyså says that such old beach formations require that the sea all the way to the North Pole was periodically ice free for a long time.”
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/09/08/inconvenient-ice-study-less-ice-in-the-arctic-ocean-6000-7000-years-ago/
Do these people not do the simple research I just did? The bears and narwhales must have been okay then
“The overall numbers and trends due to climate change are unknown for most of the 78 populations of marine mammals included in the report: beluga, narwhal and bowhead whales; ringed, bearded, spotted, ribbon, harp and hooded seals; walruses; and polar bears.”
============
No matter, lets give millions in subsidies to GE and Siemens to build wind farms that kill thousands of raptors, bats and songbirds.
It is all about the money, human nature not Mother nature…@ur momisugly#$%,…..if this wasn’t a family blog…I would miss the (barely) constrained comments.
Hmmmm…I wonder what part of Applied Physics concerns itself with the ecology of polar bears?
The last time I was in the Physics building at the University of Washington I saw one of those marvellous pendulums suspended from the high ceiling, but no polar bears.
No, if you saw a polar bear chances are he would eat you.
Exactly. The first time you see a polar bear in the wild is usually your last.
It’s worse than we thought – polar bears are already completely gone from Washington!
Hard to tell which is worse – scientists publishing this stuff or millions of people still beveling it.
How did these bears survive in an Arctic 2°C to 19°C warmer than now, with sea ice-free summers?
—–
http://www.clim-past.net/9/1589/2013/cp-9-1589-2013.html
The previous interglacial (Eemian, 130–114 kyr BP) had a mean sea level highstand 4 to 7 meters above the current level, and, according to climate proxies, a 2 to 6 K warmer Arctic summer climate.
—–
http://www.pnas.org/content/108/47/18899.full.pdf+html
There was no indication of ice-shelf presence during the early to mid-Holocene, and multiple lines of evidence suggest gradual early Holocene ice retreat in Disraeli Fiord in response to the warm temperatures recorded in nearby ice cores.
—-
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110003185
The combined sea ice data suggest that the seasonal Arctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean.
—–
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091229105913.htm
The U.S. Geological Survey found that summer sea-surface temperatures in the Arctic were between 10 to 18°C (50 to 64°F) during the mid-Pliocene, while current temperatures are around or below 0°C (32°F).
—–
http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/38/7/603.full
The consensus among these proxies suggests that Arctic temperatures were ∼19 °C warmer during the Pliocene [2.6 to 5.3 million years ago] than at present, while atmospheric CO2 concentrations were ∼390 ppmv.
—–
http://www.micropress.org/stratigraphy/papers/Stratigraphy_6_4_265-275.pdf
Evidence of both mixed deciduous/coniferous and coniferous forests places mean July temperatures 10°C warmer than today (Vincent 1990). In addition, northwestern Alaska air and sea temperatures during peak Pliocene interglacials were considerably warmer than present, by 7 to 8°C, with no permafrost, and absent or severely limited sea ice (Carter et al. 1986; Kaufman and Brigham-Grette 1993).
—–
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v493/n7433/full/nature11789.html
On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present.
—–
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018212002015
Rapid glacial retreat of West Greenland ice sheet in early Holocene
…. large-scale melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) having started prior to 8,600 calendar years BP [before present] and ended at about 7,700-7,500 calendar years BP, when the Greenland Ice Sheet margin had withdrawn from the fjords and become mainly land-based.
—–
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114001000
Several studies suggest that the Early Holocene (∼6000–10,000 years BP) experienced less summer-sea ice than at present (e.g. Polyak et al., 2010, Funder et al., 2011 and Müller et al., 2012), although not all studies are showing the exact same pattern (Dyke and England, 2003). Stranne et al. (2014) show, using numerical modelling, that the sea ice during the Early Holocene potentially could have moved over to a seasonal regime with sea ice-free summers due to the insolation maxima the Earth experienced at that time.
—–
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379103002956
Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites [West Arctic]. At the 16 terrestrial sites where quantitative estimates have been obtained, local Holocene Thermal Maximum temperatures (primarily summer estimates) were on average 1.6±0.8°C higher than present.
—–
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6043/747.full
Arctic Sea Ice extent during the Holocene Thermal Maximum 8,000 years ago was less than half of the record low 2007 level. [S]ummer sea-ice cover, which reached its Holocene maximum during the LIA, attained its present (~2000) extent at ~4000 years before present. Multiyear sea ice reached a minimum between ~8500 and 6000 years ago, when the limit of year-round sea ice at the coast of Greenland was located ~1000 kilometers to the north of its present position.
—–
Just to make sure non-skeptics understand this:
Sea level peaked 4 to 6 meters higher during Eemian (130,000 – 115,000 years ago). This is told in Wikipedia also, see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eemian#Sea_level
Now, that was not man-made, and since it was natural we’d better be prepared for it rather than imagine we can prevent it.
If you really like wilderness field work paid for with other peoples money, ya gotta keep the taxpayer funded gravy train running rich. And that ain’t gonna happen by acknowledging that natural cycles are having natural effects on the natural flora and fauna in the arctic regions.
This is carefully crafted propaganda, designed to keep the catastrophic climate coffers brimming:
“We may introduce conservation measures or protected species legislation, but none of those things can really address the primary driver of Arctic climate change and habitat loss for these species,” Laidre said. “The only thing that can do that is the regulation of greenhouse gases.”
I think I understand why she left town on the 20th
I’m pretty sure that I’m in potential trouble should I find myself too near a Polar Bear. I’ll leave wrestling the Polar Bear to Jim, while I watch from the helicopter…..
Wrestling polar bears is a losing proposition. Suggest a 44 magnum caliber rifle with a 44 magnum side arm, as a medium range to ‘get outta my face’ defense system for tundra brush and ice pack security system. Why the same caliber for both rifle and pistol? Maximum knock power with interchangeable ammunition – Keep It Simple Simon! Polar bears and brown bears (grizzlies) are ‘climax predators’, and are to be taken very seriously, with the most effective self protection methods that man has devised.
Erm, I think you meant, “apex predators” unless you were referring to the bear that attacks at a certain part of the movie.
I know, I should have mentioned I was referring to Marlin and Jim in Mutual of Omaha’s Wild Kingdom…
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dtHcxCcW6vg
An alternative might be a Tommy gun with a 100 round drum. IIRC polar bears have been known to survive multiple gunshot wounds.
I have heard they can’t stand mustard so smear yourself with this and they will leave you alone. !
“Bob’s Hunting Tips ” Bob the Hunter.
[How does the mustard taste when flavored with pepper spray over bells? .mod]
Why is NASA funding this? I guess they took care of all that space stuff and had some money left over.
Why should we care even if polar bears were in trouble? They’re not below us on the food chain, so unless they perform some function I don’t know about, I don’t see why they need to exist.
I have no idea why anything that is really on the endangered species list needs to exist. Even things that we eat, if there are so few of them that they are truly endangered human survival can’t depend on them.
Wow. I submit to you that there is only one of you, and you are not necessary for the survival of the human race.
They eat warmists studying the Arctic, so they got that going for them, which is nice.
… Bill Murray.
try telling the Inuit Indians that. Polar bears serve a purpose in the ecosystem they live in.
And try telling the Inuit that their environment is “fragile.” (!)
Someone else:
Polar bears are necessary! They provide us with nice rugs.
Oh my god! That’s the most politically incorrect thing I’ve seen in a while. Hilarious though!
Polar bear rug me!
Diana Krall – Peel Me A Grape
https://youtu.be/LCiQvXGjK9E
Enjoy, Yall l!! Crank it up!!!!!
Mac
Useful function performed by polar bears:
Based on (almost nonexistent) field studies done to support the current research, polar bears keep scientists out of the arctic.
That’s an excellent thought, if we are worried about polar bears, let’s feed them with climate scientists, everyone wins.
The bears get fed, the Arctic is less polluted, the rest of us are subject to much less BS alarmist propaganda and perhaps all the freed up grant money will be spent on something useful.
Species come and species go but the world rolls on regardless
The article repeats the whole text — it’s twice as long as it needs to be.
[Reply: Much extraneous subject matter deleted. Thanks, ~mod.]
The article repeats the whole text – it’s twice as long as it needs to be.
The overall numbers and trends due to climate change are unknown for most of the 78 populations of marine mammals included in the report
So…. they don’t have enough data to draw any conclusions, following which they state the conclusions they don’t have enough data to support, followed by stating without ambiguity what the only possible course of action is to mitigate the problem they don’t have the data to show exists.
I’ve been studying my family income. I have no data on my family income. I’ve concluded that I am living in poverty, and the only possible solution is the for the government to give me a million dollars.
David,
That was the sentence which caught my attention as well. If you don’t have data on numbers and trends, how are you able to draw any conclusions, let alone come up with recommendations? Personally, I’d be embarassed to be associated with a study like this.
The other one was her reference to “icons”. That should be a giveaway that science takes a back seat. Exactly what do media icons have to do with science research? (Besides their usefulness in raising money.)
How to lie
http://www.ecowho.com/foia.php?file=2186.txt&search=bears
Sponsored by
http://www.ecowho.com/foia.php?file=5323.txt&search=wwf
Seems that Bill Hooke’s words (via Judith Curry – On the social contract between science and society, http://judithcurry.com/2015/03/18/on-the-social-contract-between-science-and-society) are just as true for polar bear science:
How have we faced these new stresses? Unfortunately, many scientists have responded by resorting to advocacy. Worse, we’ve too often dumbed down our lobbying until it’s little more than simplistic, orchestrated, self-serving pleas for increased research funding, accompanied at times by the merest smidgen of supporting argument.
At the same time, as we’ve observed and studied emerging natural resource shortages, environmental degradation, and vulnerability to hazards, we’ve allowed ourselves to turn into scolds. Worse, we’ve chosen sides politically, largely abandoning any pretense at nonpartisanship.
This is an example of the [trimmed] that Sen. Ted Cruz asked Adm. Bolden if Bolden had the balls to stop.
Bolden is an appointed Federal bureaucrat and by nature has no [trimmed also ] President.
Ha ha
With all sincerity, you’re sick. You need to get some help.