CORVALLIS, Ore. – Chemists and engineers at Oregon State University have discovered a fascinating new way to take some of the atmospheric carbon dioxide that’s causing the greenhouse effect and use it to make an advanced, high-value material for use in energy storage products.
This innovation in nanotechnology won’t soak up enough carbon to solve global warming, researchers say. However, it will provide an environmentally friendly, low-cost way to make nanoporous graphene for use in “supercapacitors” – devices that can store energy and release it rapidly.
Such devices are used in everything from heavy industry to consumer electronics.
The findings were just published in Nano Energy by scientists from the OSU College of Science, OSU College of Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, the University of South Florida and the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Albany, Ore. The work was supported by OSU.
In the chemical reaction that was developed, the end result is nanoporous graphene, a form of carbon that’s ordered in its atomic and crystalline structure. It has an enormous specific surface area of about 1,900 square meters per gram of material. Because of that, it has an electrical conductivity at least 10 times higher than the activated carbon now used to make commercial supercapacitors.
“There are other ways to fabricate nanoporous graphene, but this approach is faster, has little environmental impact and costs less,” said Xiulei (David) Ji, an OSU assistant professor of chemistry in the OSU College of Science and lead author on the study.
“The product exhibits high surface area, great conductivity and, most importantly, it has a fairly high density that is comparable to the commercial activated carbons.
“And the carbon source is carbon dioxide, which is a sustainable resource, to say the least,” Ji said. “This methodology uses abundant carbon dioxide while making energy storage products of significant value.”
Because the materials involved are inexpensive and the fabrication is simple, this approach has the potential to be scaled up for production at commercial levels, Ji said.
The chemical reaction outlined in this study involved a mixture of magnesium and zinc metals, a combination discovered for the first time. These are heated to a high temperature in the presence of a flow of carbon dioxide to produce a controlled “metallothermic” reaction. The reaction converted the elements into their metal oxides and nanoporous graphene, a pure form of carbon that’s remarkably strong and can efficiently conduct heat and electricity. The metal oxides could later be recycled back into their metallic forms to make an industrial process more efficient.
By comparison, other methods to make nanoporous graphene often use corrosive and toxic chemicals, in systems that would be challenging to use at large commercial levels.
“Most commercial carbon supercapacitors now use activated carbon as electrodes, but their electrical conductivity is very low,” Ji said. “We want fast energy storage and release that will deliver more power, and for that purpose the more conductive nanoporous graphene will work much better. This solves a major problem in creating more powerful supercapacitors.”
A supercapacitor is a type of energy storage device, but it can be recharged much faster than a battery and has a great deal more power. They are mostly used in any type of device where rapid power storage and short, but powerful energy release is needed.
They are being used in consumer electronics, and have applications in heavy industry, with the ability to power anything from a crane to a forklift. A supercapacitor can capture energy that might otherwise be wasted, such as in braking operations. And their energy storage abilities may help “smooth out” the power flow from alternative energy systems, such as wind energy.
They can power a defibrillator, open the emergency slides on an aircraft and greatly improve the efficiency of hybrid electric automobiles. Nanoporous carbon materials can also adsorb gas pollutants, work as environmental filters, or be used in water treatment. The uses are expanding constantly and have been constrained mostly by their cost.
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Graphene is very thin, we’re probably talking of only grams of carbon per supercapacitor. The reference to ‘taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere’ is calculated to mislead and provided to get attention.
Pathetic.
Or funding !!
Much less than that.
And in a related development… http://www.designnews.com/author.asp?section_id=1386&doc_id=275811&itc=dn_analysis_element&cid=nl.dn14.20141203&dfpPParams=ind_183,industry_alt,industry_consumer,aid_275811&dfpLayout=blog
The big issue here is cost. While they say it cost less to produce the nanoporous graphene with this new process, graphene is still tens of thousands of times more expensive than activated charcoal to produce. So until the cost comes down many orders of magnitude or the efficiency of the capacitor increases many orders of magnitude it’s all academic. Or in the real world, worthless.
More wasted “research”. As temperatures drop in the coming years, with consequent reduction in food harvests, anybody suggesting CO2 be removed from the atmosphere may well be vilified.
If I had the choice, I’d rather eat than mess around with capacitors!
Capacitors can be great fun. I used to lecture apprentices on analogue and digital electronics. Some of the sneaky devils used to charge a large capacitor (size and capacitor 1986) and leave it on the bench. The first person to put their hand inevitably over the top connectors to pick it up …….. got a real buzz. LoL
We used to use a megger to charge a capacitor then toss it to an unsuspecting coworker. Great fun…
Udar December 3, 2014 at 11:27 am, yes these capacitors COULD be very different, but data sheets do not mention it, so I suspect I am correct.
Here is the 1st datasheet for a supercapacitor, it shows fully symmetrical change and discharge characteristics.
http://www.maxwell.com/images/documents/hcseries_ds_1013793-9.pdf
“Chemists and engineers at Oregon State University have discovered a fascinating new way to take some of the atmospheric carbon dioxide that’s causing the greenhouse effect and use it to make an advanced, high-value material for use in energy storage products.”
I see dense people.
Okay, I have to ask. since it seems to be obvious to everyone else.
What does that specific-capacitance diagram tell us? As the voltage cycles between 0V and 1V (because the dielectric breaks down outside that domain?) the charge goes between positive and negative? Why is that? And, since there’s hysteresis, what’s the diagram’s directionality, clockwise or counterclockwise?
It is sickening to see these otherwise capable people bring in atmospheric CO2 and its reduction, they know they are writing BS. And it diminishes their reputation, as they behave like con-men. Why would I trust the rest of their writing if they start with deception.
Maybe someone already pointed this out, it is cheaper to produce co2 than to pull it out of the air. In other words to get the co2 out of the air they would have to expend more energy ( producing co2 form burning fossil fuels) than what they extract.