Gosh, you’d think they’d check the data before issuing a statement like this (press release follows).
It [CO2] was responsible for 85% of the increase in radiative forcing – the warming effect on our climate – over the decade 2002-2012. Between 1990 and 2013 there was a 34% increase in radiative forcing because of greenhouse gases, according to the latest figures from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
But, the temperature data tells an entirely different story, look at this plot of all global temperature metrics and trends from 2002-2012 – there’s no warming to be seen!
In fact, with the exception of UAH, which is essentially flat for the period, the other metrics all show a slight cooling trend.
Plot from Woodfortrees.org – source:
http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/hadcrut3vgl/from:2002/to:2012/plot/hadcrut3vgl/from:2002/to:2012/trend/plot/gistemp/from:2002/to:2012/plot/gistemp/from:2002/to:2012/trend/plot/rss/from:2002/to:2012/plot/rss/from:2002/to:2012/trend/plot/uah/from:2002/to:2012/plot/uah/from:2002/to:2012/trend/plot/best/from:2002/to:2012/plot/best/from:2002/to:2012/trend
UPDATE: here is the same graph as above, but with CO2 increase (a proxy for forcing) added. Clearly, global temperature does not follow the same trend.
Plot from Woodfortrees.org – source:
From the World Meteorological Organization – Press Release No. 991 (h/t to Steve Milloy, emphasis mine)
CO2 concentrations top 400 parts per million throughout northern hemisphere
Geneva, 26 May 2014 (WMO) – For the first time, monthly concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere topped 400 parts per million (ppm) in April throughout the northern hemisphere. This threshold is of symbolic and scientific significance and reinforces evidence that the burning of fossil fuels and other human activities are responsible for the continuing increase in heat-trapping greenhouse gases warming our planet.
All the northern hemisphere monitoring stations forming the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch network reported record atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the seasonal maximum. This occurs early in the northern hemisphere spring before vegetation growth absorbs CO2.
Whilst the spring maximum values in the northern hemisphere have already crossed the 400 ppm level, the global annual average CO2 concentration is set to cross this threshold in 2015 or 2016.
“This should serve as yet another wakeup call about the constantly rising levels of greenhouse gases which are driving climate change. If we are to preserve our planet for future generations, we need urgent action to curb new emissions of these heat trapping gases,” said WMO Secretary-General Michel Jarraud. “Time is running out.”
CO2 remains in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. Its lifespan in the oceans is even longer. It is the single most important greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. It was responsible for 85% of the increase in radiative forcing – the warming effect on our climate – over the decade 2002-2012.
Between 1990 and 2013 there was a 34% increase in radiative forcing because of greenhouse gases, according to the latest figures from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
According to WMO’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere reached 393.1 parts per million in 2012, or 141% of the pre-industrial level of 278 parts per million. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased on average by 2 parts per million per year for the past 10 years.
Since 2012, all monitoring stations in the Arctic have recorded average monthly CO2 concentrations in spring above 400 ppm, according to data received from Global Atmosphere Watch stations in Canada, the United States of America, Norway and Finland.
This trend has now spread to observing stations at lower latitudes. WMO’s global observing stations in Cape Verde, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Spain (Tenerife) and Switzerland all reported monthly mean concentrations above 400 ppm in both March and April.
In April, the monthly mean concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere passed 401.3 at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, according to NOAA. In 2013 this threshold was only passed on a couple of days. Mauna Loa is the oldest continuous CO2 atmospheric measurement station in the world (since 1958) and so is widely regarded as a benchmark site in the Global Atmosphere Watch.
The northern hemisphere has more anthropogenic sources of CO2 than the southern hemisphere. The biosphere also controls the seasonal cycle. The seasonal minimum of CO2 is in summer, when substantial uptake by plants takes place. The winter-spring peak is due to the lack of biospheric uptake, and increased sources related to decomposition of organic material, as well as anthropogenic emissions. The most pronounced seasonal cycle is therefore in the far north.
The WMO Global Atmosphere Watch coordinates observations of CO2 and other heat-trapping gases like methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere to ensure that measurements around the world are standardized and can be compared to each other. The network spans more than 50 countries including stations high in the Alps, Andes and Himalayas, as well as in the Arctic, Antarctic and in the far South Pacific. All stations are situated in unpolluted locations, although some are more influenced by the biosphere and anthropogenic sources (linked to human activities) than others.
The monthly mean concentrations are calculated on the basis of continuous measurements. There are about 130 stations that measure CO2 worldwide.
A summary of current climate change findings and figures is available here
|
Preliminary CO2 mole fractions at the GAW global stations (March 2014; April 2014)
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![]() * data are filtered for clean sector ** only night-time values are used to calculate monthly mean |
| Legend and data courtesy:ALT: Alert, Canada, 82.50°N, 62.34°W, 210 m a.s.l. (Environment Canada, Canada)AMS: Amsterdam Island, France, 37.80°S, 77.54°E, 70 m a.s.l. (Research program “SNO ICOS-France” led by LSCE/OVSQ (CEA, INSU))BRW: Barrow (AK), USA, 71.32°N, 156.6°W, 11 ma.s.l. (NOAA, USA)CNM: Monte Cimone, Italy, 44.17°N, 10.68°E, 2165 m a.s.l. (Italian Air Force Mountain Centre – Mt. Cimone, Italy)CVO: Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory, Cape Verde, 16.86°N, 24.87°W, 10 m a.s.l. (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany)
HPB: Hohenpeissenberg, Germany, 47.80°N, 11.01°E, 985 m a.sl. (Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Germany) IZO: Izaña (Tenerife), Spain, 28.31°N, 16.50°W, 2373 m a.s.l. (Agencia Estatal De Meteorología (Aemet), Spain) JFJ: Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, 46.55°N, 7.99°E, 3580 m a.s.l. (Empa, Switzerland) MHD: Mace Head, Ireland, 53.33°N, 9.90°W, 5 m a.s.l. (Research program “SNO ICOS-France” led by LSCE/OVSQ (CEA, INSU), in collaboration with EPA, Ireland) MLO: Mauna Loa (HI), USA, 19.54°N, 155.6°W, 3397 m a.s.l. (NOAA, USA) MNM: Minamitorishima, Japan, 24.29°N, 154.0°E, 8 m a.s.l. (Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan) PAL: Pallas, Finland, 67.97°N, 24.12°E, 560 m a.s.l. (Finish meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland) SMO: Samoa (Cape Matatula), USA, 14.25°S, 170.6°W, 77 m a.s.l. (NOAA, USA) SPO: South Pole, Antarctica, 90.00°S, 24.80°W, 2841 m a.s.l. (NOAA, USA) ZEP: Zeppelin Mountain (Ny Ålesund), Norway, 78.91°N, 11.89°E, 474 m a.s.l. (Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norway |
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It would seem there is an error in the IPCC’s radiative forcing formula.
ΔF = αln(C/Co) α = 5.35
18 years with no warming suggests α = 0
This annoys me for all kinds of reasons, but the lack of intellectual and general integrity actually begins right in the first paragraph of the release.
The fact that CO2 concentrations have passed 400ppm is of absolutely NO “scientific significance” and it does not reinforce anything at all, any more than 399ppm or 398ppm or 400.7ppm or, in due course, 406ppm.
“400” ppm is only interesting if you are the PR executive tasked with spinning the message, and your aim is to create a press release that falsely gives the impression of some threshold having been passed, and the preservation of your own integrity isn’t really an issue…
“Between 1990 and 2013 there was a 34% increase in radiative forcing because of greenhouse gases, according to the latest figures from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).”
Wait one moment, I think they have some bad assumptions in the math here. Isn’t the total greenhouse effect for the planet estimated to be about 33C? A 34% increase in greenhouse forcing would mean more than 11C of warming if both of those are correct.
A) Gawds, does anyone think that perhaps we can leave Nick (and for that matter, Mosher) alone and cease the pointless ad hom? Nick is well educated, generally polite, and has a point of view. Some of his contributions and corrections on list are topical and dead on the money — he’s corrected me on several occasions because I was wrong and if anything I appreciate that. Right or wrong transcend point of view. I’m hoping that in return, I might have made him at least think hard about the correctness of some of his statements. We don’t always agree, but we don’t always disagree either, and he is clearly not incompetent a la the Slayer contingent.
B) Curiously, everybody including Nick seems to be missing the real point of this rather incredible statement. Forget the bit about “causing warming” in an era of neutral to falling temperatures — what they “meant” is obvious enough within the prevailing worldview of missing heat going into oceans or being cancelled by soot or aerosols or the screening of solar radiation by dark matter. The concession that this statement makes is worth the price of the gaffe.
The WMO, ex officio just publicly stated, backed by data, that during the indicated decade, water vapor feedback was at most a paltry 15%.
There, see it now? Let’s do the math:
Nominal direct CO_2 driven warming at 600 ppm is supposedly a sloppy 1 to 1.5 C (some 0.5C of which we have supposedly already realized, as this is relative to the baseline/arbitrary “starting concentration/temperature” at 300 ppm).
Feedback from all other sources is 15% of this. That is, the WMO has just publicly acknowledged that — using the larger of the figures for CO_2 driven warming — we have 1.15 degrees Centigrade of warming to fear as CO_2 goes from the current 400 ppm to a presumed 600 ppm by 2100.
Wow. That’s worth a misstatement about “warming”, isn’t it? And note well, they are in fact hoist on their own petard of they attempt to retract or explain the statement. If they say that there has been only 15% feedback because there has been no warming and indeed a bit of actual cooling, they have to explain why there is any feedback at all when temperatures are neutral to cooling. They also have to explain how temperatures remain neutral to cooling when CO_2 forcing has increased by X, water vapor feedback has inexplicably increased along with it in spite of and along with general cooling! They are caught in a double whammy of inconsistency, giving the kiss of death to the prevailing paradigm of strong positive feedback leading to a total climate sensitivity over 2 C.
In a way, this isn’t surprising; it is only jumping out a little bit ahead of where many current papers are going. Total climate sensitivity is in free fall and will remain that way unless/until the climate resumes aggressive warming, increasingly constrained by Bayesian reasoning that recomputes posterior probabilities given data. At the moment the extreme warmist position is trying hard to hold onto 2.3 C TCS, which would likely be only “weakly” catastrophic in agreement with the majority of the beliefs of climate scientists (who, when polled by George Mason some years ago indicated that they thought that there would be non-catastrophic warming by 2100).
Hell, it’s in agreement with my own POV — I think that there will “probably” be non-catastrophic warming by 2100, although my beliefs are not very strong at the moment because I’m studying the (quantum) details of the greenhouse effect in my copious free time and am not impressed with the quantitative aspects of the argument even before feedback is taken into account. Pressure broadening, for example, appears to be a negative feedback in the early (circa 50’s) treatments of the GHE, because it increases absorptivity in the wings, and the atmosphere (at lower pressure) overhead is transparent in the wings, so that increasing ground level pressure should actually increase cooling by basically squeezing the heat out around the edges of the opaque overhead layers. Also, pressure broadening as a heating or cooling modulation of the GHE appears to be a huge, dominant contribution to the dynamic process — air pressure varies by as much as 5%, with 1% variations possible over hours. Clear sunny high pressure weather centers should actually cool faster both because of generally lower humidity and because the leakage from the wings is substantially augmented, minimizing the effect of direct insolation, but of course cloudy low pressure centers with increased GH trapping from both water vapor and a drawback of the wings and consequent increase in opacity is balanced by the formation of high-albedo clouds, which are an even stronger negative feedback everywhere but the poles. Only in the intermediate zone of medium to low pressure and high humidity (but no clouds) is augmentation of warming likely.
Of course, I’m still working on the quantitative aspects of this — the papers I am reading sadly tend to lack numbers if they are on climate science (probably because they always treat whole bands and we cannot explicitly compute the absorptivity of the atmosphere by the bands of any species, we can only do an approximate computation that is little better than an estimation. Interestingly, pressure broadening is very important to the telecommunications industry, though, and they have papers out there with explicit numbers of the modulation of atmospheric opacity in the microwave spectrum right next to the LWIR, that suggest that this effect is very important indeed. Since they are interested in what happens to comparatively sharp lines (carrier frequencies) their work is of greater use and the computations are a bit more sensible.
There was a huge increase in radiative forcing between 6 & 7 this morning. Further funding is needed to better study this looming problem.
I notice they say “141% of” rather than saying “a 41% increase”. 100% of is the same as 1 X of, or no increase at all. It is also a 1.41 X increase. A few years ago the CBC mentioned the increase of greenhouse gasses but ignored the ~95% that is due to water vapor, giving their viewership wrong information. The CBC also mentioned renewable energy but somehow left out Hydro (dams) which as far as I remember is renewable.
Martin says:
May 26, 2014 at 9:54 pm
The oceans got warmer.
http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/heat_content2000m.png
—————————-
Here is the actual temperature of that 10^23 joules.
An increase of 0.08C since 1955 and just 0.0025C/year since the Argo floats became operational. By the year 2100, the 0-2000 metre ocean will have warmed to 0.29C.
The first column, with error margins (greater than the annual change) in the second column.
http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/woa/DATA_ANALYSIS/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/DATA/basin/yearly_mt/T-dC-w0-2000m.dat
CO2 non est quid erat.
Ferdinand Engelbeen says:
May 27, 2014 at 12:17 am
…
The alternative theories like these of Salby fail one or more observations and thus are proven wrong.
Ferdinand, I appreciate your comments and have learned much about CO2 from you. In your view, is there a climate theory that stands up to the evidence? Clearly, CO2 driven climate models fail one or more observations and thus are proven wrong.
If Mr Stokes is hoping to derail threads, he is failing. Personally when he states something or disputes something, I am looking for his agenda, and generally disagree on the face of it.
I do believe that this information weakens his POV, and strengthens mine. If observations do not back your position, you hypothesis is wrong….unless of course you are stuck in dogmatic thought.
Wait one moment, I think they have some bad assumptions in the math here. Isn’t the total greenhouse effect for the planet estimated to be about 33C? A 34% increase in greenhouse forcing would mean more than 11C of warming if both of those are correct.
===========
bingo. The 34% number fails the most basic smell test. So either WMO is wrong or the NOAA figures are wrong, or GHG theory is wrong, or any combination of the three.
what is largely ignored in GHG theory is that GHG is a moderator of climate. It reduces the spread between minimum and maximum temperatures. Look at Venus for confirmation. Venus rotates very slowly. days and night are greater than 100 earth days. If we had this on earth the equator would roast in daytime and freeze in nighttime. Yet on Venus there is virtually no difference in day and nighttime temperatures.
We see the same thing on earth. Desert regions have very high swings in temperature between day and night, while rain forests have very little fluctuation in temperature between day and night.
So if anything, increasing GHG should lead to a more moderate climate, which in general terms should be good. There is always exceptions of course, and these exceptions can be cherry picked to show that increasing GHG is negative, but the world as a whole proves this to be wrong.
Over the past 60 years. A time at which we are told GHG is increasing the fastest, has been the time of the single greatest advance in human history. How is this possible if GHG is bad? It makes no sense.
If GHG is bad, then the past 60 years should have been the worst in human history. We should have seen starvation on a massive scale as population increased. Certainly it was predicted. By no less a figure than the current US Chief Science Adviser. So, if he can’t get it right, why should we expect the WMO or NOAA to get it right?
can we leave Nick alone
========
a lie of omission is no less a lie. however in this case it appears more a case of misrepresentation than simple omission. the purpose in calling someone out is to discourage such behavior in future.
Tom In Indy says:
May 27, 2014 at 6:12 am
Clearly, CO2 driven climate models fail one or more observations and thus are proven wrong.
That is clear for 95% of all climate models… The only few that follow observations have a (very) low sensitivity for 2xCO2.
In the case of models, the prerequisite is that the model reflects past reality. But even if they follow reality, that can be for the wrong reasons as is clear for all current models which could retrofit the past century with a wide range of climate sensitivities but almost all fail the last 1.5 decade…
Oceans are not the cause of the increase in the atmosphere either:
============
if correct this would be strong evidence that the oceans are not warming.
Robert Brown @5:12 am
I’ve never understood the water vapor feedback mechanism. If carbon dioxide can exite the feedback, why can’t water vapor, which is a much more powerful IR gas, excite it and either cause runaway warming or at the least saturate the feedback. In fact it might be slightly better since some of the the water vapor spectral lines are at shorter wavelengths and can (marginally) penetrate water better increasing the heating and evaporation of the oceans.
The only few that follow observations have a (very) low sensitivity for 2xCO2.
================
I’ve not seen this information previously and had assumed that the few that follow observations do so simply by chance.
If indeed there is correlation between model sensitivity and observation (ie: low sensitivity models are most consistent with current observations) I would very much like to see the data. It would make a great article for WUWT.
ferdberple says:
May 27, 2014 at 6:55 am
An increase in CO2 from 300 to 400 ppm is a 33% gain in the concentration of that GHG, but its effect won’t increase by the same amount, since the effect is logarithmic. However, that observation is trivial when compared to the fact that there is on the order of 100 times more of the GHG H2O in the air than CO2. If the global average of H2O be 30,000 ppm (probably higher), then the extra 100 ppm of CO2 means that total GHG concentration has risen by only about 0.33%, not 33%.
Ferdberple:
May 27, 2014 at 7:02 am
can we leave Nick alone?
————————————————————————————
If one suspects an adversary is lying, usually there is a better answer found in their incompetence. Such is the nature of things.
I see on the news President Obama announced a new assistance program to train science teachers. Will they train them in real science like, “if the data don’t support you then you’re wrong” or will they train them to “lie and exaggerate”?. Gee I wonder. /sarc
Consider this: Those of us old enough to remember Geology in the 1970’s may also recall Imbrie’s assertions that the Earth was trying to go back into a glacial period, and it was only CO2 that was keeping us from doing that. So maybe it really is getting warmer, and just enough to keep us from getting colder. Neat, eh?
Then if the CO2 reductions really work, we should soon see a vast wall of ice looming on the Norther horizon.
Just in case you did not pick up on it at University, the Pleistocene ice ages really sucked.
ferdberple says:
May 27, 2014 at 7:08 am
if correct this would be strong evidence that the oceans are not warming.
Unfortunately, the contrubution of the ocean surface caused by temperature is too small to be noticed in the CO2 increase: a full 1°C increase over the full ocean surface gives only 17 ppmv extra CO2 at dynamic equilibrium (including less uptake near the poles and more release near the equator until equilibrium). But because CO2 increased over 100 ppmv, the average flux is the other way out: the oceans are a net absorber of ~3.5 GtC/year…
ferdberple says:
May 27, 2014 at 7:12 am
I have no direct information about which model does what, but have used a simple EBM model (energy balance model) which can be manipulated by giving different effect factors to different forcings. You can halve the sensitivity for CO2 if you reduce the sensitivity for human aerosols, which anyway is overblown and in both cases you can fit the past century, but the result in the 21st century is better with a low sensitivity for CO2/aerosols. See:
http://www.ferdinand-engelbeen.be/klimaat/oxford.html
I need to update the graphs beyond 2000, but here what happens for the two sensitivities if you plot them to the year 2100:
http://www.ferdinand-engelbeen.be/klimaat/klim_img/oxford_2100.jpg
Robert Brown is correct to point out the problem is not that the increase in CO2 is failing to warm planet (that is limited by physics) but that CO2 is failing to invoke the feedbacks that do the heavy lifting. I’ve no doubt that additional CO2 is creating additional downwelling radiation but it just isn’t enough to warm the planet without the knock-on feedbacks. Maybe Nick has an answer for that, or maybe the incoming radiation is simply diluted below the level of detection in the oceans. Something unexpected is happening with the energy that CO2 is capable of trapping (and skeptics agree CO2 is a greenhouse gas). I’m going with Willis’ emergent phenomena until something better comes along.
dp says:
May 27, 2014 at 9:41 am
The models upon which CACA is based simply assume way more water vapor feedback than is in evidence, & they undervalue the non-radiative effects of more water in the air. If, as seems the case, positive & negative feedbacks roughly cancel out, then climate sensitivity would be just about what doubling CO2 should produce on its own. However there could be effects in the wild that negate even the laboratory measurement of the warming effect, at least in some environments under some conditions.
The feedback-dependent models don’t work well & most of them fail miserably.
@Nick Stokes – Where’d the heat go? As Lord Monckton pointed out space is an infinite heat sink…. CO2 is trapping no heat. I understand space is very cold.