It's the Sun stupid – The minor significance of CO2

the_sun_stupid

Guest post by Dr. Norman Page

1 The IPCC’s Core Problem

The IPCC  – Al Gore based  Anthropogenic Global Warming scare has driven global  Governments’ Climate and Energy Policies since the turn of the century. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been wasted on uneconomic renewable energy  and CO2 emission control schemes based on the notions  that it is both necessary and possible to control global temperatures by reducing CO2 emissions. All this vast investment is based on the simple idea that as stated in the IPCC AR4 report:

“we conclude that the global mean equilibrium warming for doubling CO2, or ‘equilibrium climate sensitivity’, is likely to lie in the range 2°C to 4.5°C, with a most likely value of about 3°C. Equilibrium climate sensitivity is very likely larger than 1.5°C.”

These values  can only be reached by adopting two completely unfounded and indeed illogical assumptions and procedures:

1. CO2 is simply assumed to be the main climate forcing .This is clearly illogical  because at all time scales CO2 changes follow temperature changes.

2.  Positive feedback  from the other GHGs – notably water vapour and methane is then added on to the effects of CO2 and attributed to it. Obviously, in nature,  the increase in  CO2 and  Humidity  are  both caused by rising temperatures. It is also impossible to have a net positive feedback because systems with total positive feed back are not stable and simply run away to disaster. We wouldn’t be here to tell the tale if it were true.

From its inception the IPCCs remit was to measure Anthropogenic  Climate Change and indeed Climate Change was defined as Anthropogenic until the 2011 SREX report when the definition was changed.The climate science community simply designed their models to satisfy the political  requirements of their funding agencies. – Publications, academic positions,peer approval , institutional advancement and grants were unlikely to be forthcoming unless appropriate forecasts of catastrophic warming were dutifully produced. The climate models have egregious structural errors and ,what is worse, in their estimates of  uncertainty the IPCC reports for Policymakers simply ignored this structural uncertainty and gave policy makers and the general public a totally false impression of the likely accuracy  of their temperature forecasts.It is this aspect of the AGW meme which is especially unconscionable.

The inadequacy, not to say inanity, of the climate models can be seen by simple inspection of the following Figure 2-20  from the AR4 WG1 report.

Figure 1 from IPCC AR4

The only natural forcing is TSI and everything else is anthropogenic. For example under natural should come such things as eg Milankovitch Orbital Cycles,Lunar related tidal effects on ocean currents,Earths geomagnetic field strength and all the Solar Activity data time series – eg Solar  Magnetic Sield strength, TSI ,SSNs ,GCRs ,( effect on aerosols,clouds and albedo) CHs, MCEs, EUV variations, and associated ozone variations and Forbush events. Unless the range and causes of natural variation are known within reasonably narrow limits it is simply not possible to calculate the effect of anthropogenic CO2 on climate.

The results of this gross error of scientific judgement is seen in the growing discrepancy between global temperature trends and the model projections. The  NOAA  SSTs show that with CO2 up 8% there has been no net warming since 1997, that ,the warming trend peaked in 2003 and that there has been a cooling trend since that time.

ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/anomalies/annual.ocean.90S.90N.df_1901-2000mean.dat

The gap between projections and observations  is seen  below

Fig 2 ( From Prof. Jan-Erik Solheim (Oslo) )

2, The Real Climate Drivers.

Earths climate is the result of resonances between various quasicyclic processes of varying wavelengths. The long wave Milankovich eccentricity,obliquity and precessional cycles are modulated by solar “activity” cycles with millennial centennial and decadal time scales .These in turn interact with lunar cycles and endogenous earth changes in Geomagnetic Field strength ,volcanic activity and at really long time scales plate tectonic movements of the land masses.The combination of all these drivers is mediated through the great oceanic current and atmospheric pressure systems to produce the earths climate and weather.

To help forecast decadal  and annual changes we can look at eg the ENSO  PDO, AMO NAO indices and based on past patterns make reasonable forecasts for varying future periods. Currently the PDO suggests we may expect 20 – 30 years of cooling in the immediate future.Similarly for multidecadal, centennial and millennial predictions we need to know where we are relative to the appropriate solar cycles.The best proxies for solar “activity”are currently ,the Ap index, and the GCR produced neutron count. The solar indices are particularly important  for their past history these can be retrieved from the 10 Be data.

In a previous post on   http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.com  on  1/22/13 – Global Cooling – Timing and Amount(NH) I have made suggestions of possible future cooling based on a repetition of the solar millennial cycle. Here I point out for the modellers the value of using the Ap index as a proxy measure of solar activity. Compare the Northern Hemisphere HADSST3 Temperature anomaly since 1910 with the AP index since 1900 . Because of the thermal inertia and slow change in the enthalpy of the oceans there is a 10 – 12 year delay between the driver proxy  and the temperature.

Fig 3 – From Hadley Center

Fig 4  From  http://www.leif.org/research/Ap-1844-now.png

There are some good correlations .The 1900 and 1965 Ap lows correspond to the NH  temperature minima at 1910 and 1975 respectively . The 1992 Ap peak ( Solar Cycle 22)  corresponds to the 2003 temperature high and trend roll over- and as shown in the previous post referred to above might well represent  the roll over of the millennial solar cycle which brought the Medieval and Roman warming peaks. The NH is used because it is more sensitive to forcing changes and its greater variability makes correlation more obvious.

As a simple conceptual model the Ap index can be thought of as simple proxy for hours of sunshine especially when mentally integrated over a 10 -12 year period.  See Wang et al

http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/9581/2012/acp-12-9581-2012.pdf

As far as the future is concerned the Solar Cycle  23/24 Ap minimum in end 2009 is as low as the 1900 minimum and would suggest both a secular change in solar activity in about 2006 and a coming temperature minimum at about 2019/20. This change is also documented for TSI by  Adbussamatov  2012 http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/apr/article/view/14754

Fig 5.

As a final example for this post  the following figure from Steinhilber et al http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/03/30/1118965109.full.pdf

shows the close correlation of successive Little Ice Age Minima with cosmic Ray intensity.

                                                                                                    Fig 6

CONCLUSION :    

It is now clear that the Ap/GCR/10Be data are the best proxy measures of the Earth’s temperature driver over millennial centennial and decadal time scales. The best way of forecasting the future is to predict future solar cycles at these wavelengths keeping in mind the Earth’s magnetic field strength and obliquity trends over longer time periods.

3. The Response of the Modellers, IPCC and Political Alarmists.

The modelling community and the IPCC have both recognized that they have a problem. For example both Hansen and Trenberth have been looking for the missing heat and generating epicycle type theories to preserve their models.Hansen thinks it might have something to do with aerosols and Trenberth first wanted to hide it down the deep ocean black hole. Death Train Hansen is a lost cause as far as objective science is concerned but Trenberth has always been a more objective and judicious scientist and has recently made excellent  progress in discovering a real negative feedback in the system. see

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outreach/proceedings/cdw31_proceedings/S6_05_Kevin_Trenberth_NCAR.ppt

He says:

This is an encouraging start and its inclusion would improve models significantly. Clearly it would reduce very substantially the currently IPCC calculated temperature sensitivity to CO2 . He now also needs to add into the models the iris effect of the GCR modulation  of the global incoming radiation flux via clouds ,possibly related natural aerosols, and resulting  albedo changes on global temperatures.When this is done the sensitivity to doubling  CO2 will be 1 degree or less similar to  separate calculations by Lindzen, Spencer and Bjornbom:

http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2013/01/new-paper-confirms-findings-of-lindzen.html

The IPCC ‘s response to the lack of warming is seen in the SREX  2011 report. they say

“Uncertainty in the sign of projected changes in climate extremes over the coming two to three decades is relatively large because climate change signals are expected to be relatively small compared to natural climate variability”.

In other words they realized  that they could no longer scaremonger on the basis of the trend and so in that report and in the forthcoming AR5 they have chosen to concentrate on “extreme” events to promote their scaremongering anti CO2 policy agenda  while keeping unchanged their climate sensitivity calculations. The core alarmists  Hansen, Mann, McKibben and Romm and their MSM ,Celebrity and Political  acolytes including Obama are simply following the IPCC script with their ever more hysterical predictions of future extreme disasters as the current earth obstinately refuses to warm up.

The AR5 Summary for Policymakers is currently in draft form.Obviously Trenberth and his associated modellers cannot restructure the models in time to change the science section but perhaps they could at least insist that the final report makes proper allowance for the structural uncertainty in the model outcomes .

CONCLUSION:

Trenberth’s latest work implies that when it is incorporated into the climate models the entire CAGW  scare will collapse.

The only effect of increasing CO2 will be to ameliorate slightly the coming cold  temperature trend and to help world food production by its fertilizing effect on crops.

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February 21, 2013 12:03 pm

Leif In choosing a metric by which to measure climate change SST data are the best for various reasons which I have enumerated on various posts on my website. ( not the least is the fact that SST data most closely correlates with changes in global enthalpy which is what we should really measure ) The NH is more sensitive to climate change and more clearly shows what’s going on. The new HAD SST3 data is their latest version which accounts for the change in the measuring system before and after the 2nd world war and is probably the best data set to work with.

February 21, 2013 12:18 pm

Dr Norman Page says:
February 21, 2013 at 12:03 pm
In choosing a metric by which to measure climate change…
If the Sun is major driver of climate it shouldn’t matter which dataset one chooses. If the Sun is not a major driver, then I agree that when looking for subtle [or non-existent] effects, the dataset can make a difference. Did you read the links I gave you about cosmic rays? What is the last word of the abstract of Paper#2?

February 21, 2013 12:25 pm

Note to the reader from the NNIC Bremerton: It is insufficient to look to the solar cycles alone (ignoring what the Earth may be doing at the same time) to find correlation to the climate oscillations. However, combine two; solar and Earth magnetic variability and the correlation is a good as you ever hope to get:
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/EarthNV.htm

February 21, 2013 12:41 pm

vukcevic says:
February 21, 2013 at 12:25 pm
It is insufficient to look to the solar cycles alone
It is even worse to make up data and pretend to do science when it is in fact plain nonsense.

February 21, 2013 1:12 pm

lsvalgaard says: February 21, 2013 at 12:41 pm
………..
Hi Doc
I use the same data as did NASA-JPL and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris used in their research.

February 21, 2013 1:27 pm

vukcevic says:
February 21, 2013 at 1:12 pm
I use the same data as did NASA-JPL and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris used in their research.
It is not the data that is the problem, it the invalid use of them.You went all quiet on my suggestion to submit your paper here to WUWT to disclose your nonsense. Put up or shut up, as they say.

Gail Combs
February 21, 2013 2:25 pm

lsvalgaard says:
February 21, 2013 at 11:09 am
Gail Combs says:
“This [wrong] meme is still going around [probably will forever as long as it serves someone’s purpose]…..” As I said before take it up with the Physicist who is agreeing with the reconstructions.
As I said before people will agree with the wrong data as long a they serve their purpose. Does that also apply to you?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
I think anyone who has read the IPCC mandate, realizes the scientists on the taxpayer teat are not only not looking for any other possible climate influences besides CO2, they are actively and aggressively suppressing other ideas, especially the idea that the sun might actually have an effect. This is because if any other climate influences are identified the CO2 climate sensitivity must be modified DOWN and that would be political/career death.
I on the other hand have retired as a chemist, have no children and no real ax to grind except for a deep sense of outrage at those who are responsible for The Climate Hoax/fuel poverty/biofuel-starvation related deaths.
b>The IPCC mandate states:

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant for the understanding of human induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for mitigation and adaptation.
http://www.ipcc-wg2.gov/

Then there are all the other studies that support Shaviv’s position and not yours.
Here is an interesting one from 25 years ago that predicted the current quiet sun.

Influence of solar variability on global sea surface temperatures
(Nature, Volume 329, Number 6135, pp. 142-143, September 1987)
– George C. Reid
Recent measurements1 have shown that the total solar irradiance decreased at a rate of 0.019% per year between 1980 and 1985, and may still be decreasing. Presumably, this reflects a cyclical variation that may or may not be related to the well-known cycles of solar activity. Using data on globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST) over the past 120 yr2, I show that the solar irradiance may have varied in phase with the 80–90 yr cycle represented by the envelope of the 11-yr solar-activity cycle. As the last peak of this cycle occurred in 1955–60, the next minimum should be reached about the end of the century, by which time the solar irradiance will be reduced from its peak value by ~1% if the present decay rate of 0.019% per year is typical.

The cause-and-effect relationship of solar cycle length and the Northern Hemisphere air surface temperature
Richard ReichelPeter ThejllKnud Lassen January 2001
ABSTRACT
It has previously been demonstrated that the mean land air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere could adequately be associated with a long-term variation of solar activity as given by the length of the approximately 11-year solar cycle. In this paper it is shown that the right cause-and-effect ordering, in the sense of Granger causality, is present between the smoothed solar cycle length and the cycle mean of Northern Hemisphere land air temperature for the twentieth century, at the 99% significance level. This indicates the existence of a physical mechanism linking solar activity to climate variations.

Cosmic Rays
Solar variability influences on weather and climate: Possible connections through cosmic ray fluxes and storm intensification
(Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 94, Number D12, pp. 14783-14792, October 1989)
– Brian A. Tinsley, Geoffrey M. Brown, Philip H. Scherrer
Apparent tropospheric response to MeV-GeV particle flux variations: A connection via electrofreezing of supercooled water in high-level clouds?
(Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 96, Issue D12, pp. 22283-22296, December 1991)
– Brian A. Tinsley, Glen W. Deen
Rainfalls during great Forbush decreases
(Il Nuovo Cimento C, Volume 18, Issue 3, pp. 335-341, May 1995)
– Y. I. Stozhkov et al.
Atmospheric transparency variations associated with geomagnetic disturbances
(Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Volume 54, Issue 9, pp. 1135-1138, September 1992)
– M. I. Pudovkin, S. V. Babushkina

Atmospheric transparency variations caused by cosmic rays
V. K. Roldugin and E. V. Vashenyuk
Polar Geophysical Institute, Kolsky Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Abstract
Analysis of data from long observations of atmospheric transparency at stations Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, and Leningrad has shown that in a number of solar cosmic ray events with high intensities of solar protons, atmospheric transparency deteriorates. In all cases, this deterioration is associated with the aerosol weakening effect. A two- to fourfold increase in the concentration of large aerosol particles from 0.1 to 1.0 m in radius was observed.

Variations of Total Cloudiness during Solar Cosmic Ray Events
S. V. Veretenenko and M. I. Pudovkin
St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199164 Russia
Received December 5, 1994; in final form, May 29, 1995
Abstract
Variations in total cloudiness observed at a number of stations in different latitudinal zones during flashes of solar cosmic rays (SCR) are investigated. A noticeable increase in cloudiness after the beginning of a flash has been observed at a number of stations located at a higher latitude than the geomagnetic cutoff for particles with energies of ~90 MeV. At middle latitudes, the increase in cloudiness precedes a burst of SCR and may be connected with x-rays from the solar flashes.

Solar:

Solar-Climate Relationships in the Post-Pleistocene
(Science, Volume 171, Number 3977, pp. 1242-1243, March 1971)
– J. Roger Bray
Abstract
The most conspicuous climatic aberration of the past two millennia was the temperature decline and glacial advance of the A.D. 1550 to 1900 period. This temperature decline has been correlated with an interval of lower solar activity and there is evidence from both the post-Pleistocene glacial record and from oxygen-18 analysis that such an interval han recurred at cyclic periods of around 2400 to 2600 years.

Interplanetary Magnetic Field Polarity and the Size of Low-Pressure Troughs Near 180°W Longitude
(Science, Volume 204, Number 4388, pp. 60-62, April 1979)
– John M. Wilcox et al.
Abstract
When the interplanetary magnetic field is directed away from the sun, the area of wintertime low-pressure (300-millibar) troughs near 180°W longitude is significantly larger than when the field is toward the sun. This relation persists during most of the winters of 1951 to 1973.

Sunspots, the QBO, and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region
(Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 14, Number 5, pp. 535-537, May 1987)
– Karin Labitzke
There is an association between the polar stratospheric temperature in the northern winter and the solar cycle in the winters when the 50-mb equatorial winds are westerly: The lower the sunspot number in such winters, the lower is the temperature. No major mid-winter warmings occurred in these winters when the sunspot number was below about 100. There is no such relationship in the easterly phase of the QBO. In that phase the temperatures are generally higher than in the westerly phase, and major mid-winter warmings occur regardless of the state of the solar cycle.

Evidence for long-term brightness changes of solar-type stars
(Nature, Volume 348, Number 6301, pp. 520-523, December 1990)
– Sallie Baliunas, Robert Jastrow
ABSTRACT
CHANGES in the brightness of the Sun may introduce further uncertainties into forecasts of global warming by the greenhouse effect. The Sun is known to vary in brightness, on a timescale of years, by 0.1% in phase with changes in magnetic activity during the solar cycle, and variations of up to 0.4%, also correlated with surface magnetic activity, have been found in stars similar to the Sun. To delimit the magnitude of solar luminosity variations on a timescale of centuries, we have looked at the magnetic behaviour of a number of solar-type stars over several years. Observed in random phases of their long-term variability, they give a sample of the behaviour of a solar-type star over a long period of time. We find indirect evidence that these stars undergo brightness changes of more than the 0.1% observed during the last solar cycle, a result that calls into question the assumption of a constant Sun in calculations using general circulation models for climate forecasting.

Sun-controlled spatial and time-dependent cycles in the climatic/weather system
(Il Nuovo Cimento C, Volume 15, Number 1, pp. 17-23, January 1991)
– Ernest C. Njau
Summary
We show, on the basis of meteorological records, that certain spatial and time-dependent cycles exist in the earth-atmosphere system (EAS). These cycles seem to be associated with sunspot cycles and hence have been referred to in the text as “data-derived solar cycles”. Our analysis establishes three important characteristics of the data-derived solar cycles (DSC’s). Firstly the crests and troughs of these data-derived solar cycles are mostly latitudinally aligned and have (zonal) spatial wavelengths greater than about 7 degrees of longitude. Secondly the DSC’s have periods mostly lying between 6 and 12 years. In certain stations, some DSC’s coincide quite well with the corresponding sunspot cycles. Thirdly the crests and troughs of the DSC’s drift eastwards at speeds exceeding about 1.5 longitude degrees per year. Furthermore, these DSC’s display peak-to-peak amplitudes of about 2°C along East Africa. On the basis of earlier work and bearing in mind the considerable temperature-dependence of the stratospheric ozone layer, we predict the existence of latitudinally aligned enhancement and depletion structures (corresponding to the DSC’s) in the stratospheric ozone layer over nonpolar regions. These structures apparently connect the two polar ozone holes.

Solar total irradiance variations and the global sea surface temperature record
Reid, George C.
Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 96, Issue D2, p. 2835-2844
The record of globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST) over the past 130 years shows a highly significant correlation with the envelope of the 11-year cycle of solar activity over the same period. This correlation could be explained by a variation in the sun’s total irradiance (the solar “constant”) that is in phase with the solar-cycle envelope, supporting and updating an earlier conclusion by Eddy (1976) that such variations could have played a major role in climate change over the past millennium. Measurements of the total irradiance from spacecraft, rockets, and balloons over the past 25 years have provided evidence of long-term variations and have been used to develop a simple linear relationship between irradiance and the envelope of the sunspot cycle. This relationship has been used to force a one-dimensional model of the thermal structure of the ocean (Hoffert et al., 1980), consisting of a 100-m mixed layer coupled to a deep ocean and including a thermohaline circulation. The model was started in the mid-seventeenth century, at the time of the Maunder Minimum of solar activity, and mixed-layer temperatures were calculated at 6-month intervals up to the present. The total range of irradiance values during the period was about 1%, and the total range of SST was about 1°C. Cool periods, when temperatures were about 0.5°C below present-day values, were found in the early decades of both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There is direct evidence for the latter period from the historical SST record and some indirect evidence for the earlier cool period. While many aspects of the study are unavoidably simplistic, the results can be taken as indicating that solar variability has been an important contributor to global climate variations in recent decades. It has probably not been the only contributor, however, and in particular, the growing atmospheric burden of greenhouse gases may well have played an important role in the immediate past. This role is likely to become even more important in the near future.

Rome rainfall and sunspot numbers
(Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Volume 55, Issue 2, pp. 155–164, February 1993) R. G. Thomas
Abstract
The accumulated departure from mean (ADM) of the 208 yr Rome rainfall strongly inversely resembles the ADM of sunspot numbers. The ADM for the Bay of Biscay sea surface temperature also strongly resembles sunspot numbers and Rome rainfall. These data suggest that long-term increasing solar radiation warms parts of the North Atlantic Ocean, which in turn affects the fall and winter storm paths resulting in lower rainfall in Rome and conversely, decreasing solar radiation produces the opposite effect. The accumulated departure from mean (ADM) plotting method is used to compare different records of the same length.

I left out all the Henrik Svensmark papers and many many others.

February 21, 2013 2:36 pm

Gail Combs says:
February 21, 2013 at 2:25 pm
I left out all the Henrik Svensmark papers and many many others.
Almost all your references are to old, obsolete papers. I have a list of about 2000 of such, all claiming significance [but often conflicting]. I understand your outrage, but the correct way to deal with this is to use updated science and recent results.

February 21, 2013 2:38 pm

lsvalgaard says: February 21, 2013 at 1:27 pm
It is not the data that is the problem, it the invalid use of them
Invalid use of data, that is a new one.
Altering someone else’s historic data (e.g. sunspot numbers, temperature records and the like) one could consider an ‘invalid’ use of data, but doing exactly what the authors did, what NASA-JPL did, or Institut de Physique did, and drawing attention to what they missed or were not interested in, I consider not only appropriate but an advancement of research.
I emailed you the first article sometime last September, second article with further supporting evidence from http://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/ is nearly finished, so I will email it to you as well. You can in 5 min flat repeat my calculation. I say, if it’s in them data it must be science, not one you may like or approve of, but the result speaks louder than any ‘distressed’ critic.
You went all quiet on my suggestion to submit your paper here to WUWT to disclose your nonsense.
I may have overstayed my presence here as it is, but if I am invited I may consider it, for time being I’m happy enough to ‘leak’ my own ‘confidential’ findings, it is ‘in thing’, don’t you know?
See you.

Richard M
February 21, 2013 2:42 pm

A couple of thoughts.
1) The Earth radiates about 390 w/m2 from the surface with only 40 of that not being captured. Doesn’t that put a limit on the GHE? If all 40 w/m2 got captured the surface temp would be 22°C which turns out to be the historic maximum.
2) There’s a simple explanation that describes what has happened over the last 500 years. If the Maunder Minimum reduced the energy captured in our oceans you would see a cooling just like we saw in the 17th century. Since then we’ve seen a pretty constant warming which would be expected as the sun got back to normal. Slow but sure. A few bumps along the way provided by ENSO and the AMO would describe everything that has happened. In addition, without adjustments to the temperature record there was very little warming in the 20th century. The oceans may have reached equilibrium now with little to no more warming expected from the nearly constant solar TSI.

February 21, 2013 2:52 pm

vukcevic says:
February 21, 2013 at 2:38 pm
Invalid use of data, that is a new one.
No, you have been doing it for some time.
doing exactly what the authors did, what NASA-JPL did, or Institut de Physique did
‘Exactly’? show that that is true.
the result speaks louder than any ‘distressed’ critic.
First, I’m not ‘distressed’. Second, you don’t have any valid results.
I may have overstayed my presence here as it is
Indeed!
but if I am invited I may consider it
You don’t need invitation. People send Anthony stuff. Just do it.
for time being I’m happy enough to ‘leak’ my own ‘confidential’ findings
put up or shut up.

Jim G
February 21, 2013 3:56 pm

lsvalgaard says:
February 21, 2013 at 9:40 am
Jim G says:
February 21, 2013 at 9:19 am
send me an ounce of dark matter, I’ll pay the shipping.
“I’ll send it for free. How would you see it? Hint: weigh the seemingly empty envelope.”
I’ll take it. I will use your methodology then empty the seemingly empty envelope then weigh it again. If it shows a difference of one ounce, I will become a believer. Hey, Leif, you were the one who was demanding “proof” of a hypothetical so be nice, after all, it was you who once told me “you need not stoop to my level”. That goes for you too!
Regards,
Jim G

February 21, 2013 4:07 pm

Leif This article was written in the context of the climate wars.
Can you agree with the following propositions
1. On millenial and shorter time scales the Sun is the main climate driver.
2. CO2 is of minor significance – there is no need to waste billions on controlling CO2 emissions
3 There is a built in negative feed back in the system probably along the lines suggeted in the Trenberth link which prevents the earth from warming too much.
4 Variations in TSI alone do not account for the amplitude of temperature change on earth.
5.There is some other solar caused mechanism which acts in conjuction with or amplfies the TSI changes to affect the Temperature.
If you agree with the above and you don’t think the cloud hypothesis is useful could you give us conceptually some notion of what you think is happening.
Finally where you think earth’s temperature is headed in the next 30 years – ballpark guess.

Gail Combs
February 21, 2013 4:11 pm

lsvalgaard says:
February 21, 2013 at 2:36 pm
Gail Combs says:
February 21, 2013 at 2:25 pm
I left out all the Henrik Svensmark papers and many many others.
Almost all your references are to old, obsolete papers…..
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Fine how about some newer papers? Conflicting papers are not surprising in a young very active field especially when some scientists have an agenda that is political and not scientific.
Micheal Mann and his much abused Hockey Stick come to mind as well as Hansen’s ever changing temperature records.

Cosmic ray decreases affect atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Close passages of coronal mass ejections from the sun are signaled at the Earth’s surface by Forbush decreases in cosmic ray counts. We find that low clouds contain less liquid water following Forbush decreases, and for the most influential events the liquid water in the oceanic atmosphere can diminish by as much as 7%. Cloud water content as gauged by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) reaches a minimum ≈7 days after the Forbush minimum in cosmic rays, and so does the fraction of low clouds seen by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and in the International Satellite Cloud Climate Project (ISCCP). Parallel observations by the aerosol robotic network AERONET reveal falls in the relative abundance of fine aerosol particles which, in normal circumstances, could have evolved into cloud condensation nuclei. Thus a link between the sun, cosmic rays, aerosols, and liquid-water clouds appears to exist on a global scale.

Forbush decreases – clouds relation in the neutron monitor era
A. Dragić, I. Aničin, R. Banjanac, V. Udovičić, D. Joković, D. Maletić, and J. Puzović
Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade,… Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
The proposed influence of cosmic rays on cloud formation is tested for the effect of sudden intensity changes of CR (Forbush decreases) on cloudiness. An attempt is made to widen the investigated period covered by satellite observation of cloudiness. As an indicator of cloud cover, the diurnal temperature range (DTR – a quantity anticorrelated with cloudiness) is used. The superposed epoch analysis on a set of isolated Forbush decreases is conducted and the results for a region of Europe are presented. The effect of Forbush decrease on DTR is statistically significant only if the analysis is restricted to high amplitude FDs (above the threshold value of 7% with the respect to undisturbed CR intensity). The magnitude of the effect on DTR is estimated to be (0.38 ± 0.06) °C.

These agree with the older study from 1995 so you can not make the sweeping statement that you did that the studies are ” old, obsolete” Those papers are not playstation models they are based on empirical data.

Rainfalls during great Forbush decreases
(Il Nuovo Cimento C, Volume 18, Issue 3, pp. 335-341, May 1995)
– Y. I. Stozhkov et al.
Summary
The changes of rainfall values during great Forbush decreases recorded by the low-latitudinal neutron monitor of Huancayo (47 events from 1956 through 1992) were examined. The data on precipitations were taken from the State of São Paulo and from the Amazonian region, Brazil. As a rule, the data from more than 50 meteorological stations were used for each events. The main result is the following: during strong decreases of cosmic-ray flux in the atmosphere (great Forbush decreases) the precipitation value is decreased. The effect of rainfall changes is seen more distinctly if wet seasons are considered.

Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation
(Nature, Volume 476, Number 7361, pp. 429–433, August 2011)
Jasper Kirkby et al.
….Despite extensive research, fundamental questions remain about the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles and the mechanisms responsible, including the roles of galactic cosmic rays and other chemical species such as ammonia7. Here we present the first results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN. We find that atmospherically relevant ammonia mixing ratios of 100 parts per trillion by volume, or less, increase the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles more than 100–1,000-fold. Time-resolved molecular measurements reveal that nucleation proceeds by a base-stabilization mechanism involving the stepwise accretion of ammonia molecules. Ions increase the nucleation rate by an additional factor of between two and more than ten at ground-level galactic-cosmic-ray intensities, provided that the nucleation rate lies below the limiting ion-pair production rate. We find that ion-induced binary nucleation of H2SO4–H2O can occur in the mid-troposphere but is negligible in the boundary layer. However, even with the large enhancements in rate due to ammonia and ions, atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and sulphuric acid are insufficient to account for observed boundary-layer nucleation.

Cosmic rays and space weather: effects on global climate change
L. I. Dorman
Israel Cosmic Ray & Space Weather Center and Emilio Segre’ Observatory, Tel Aviv University, Technion and Israel Space Agency, Israel
Cosmic Ray Department of IZMIRAN, Russian Academy of Science, Russia
Abstract. We consider possible effects of cosmic rays and some other space factors on the Earth’s climate change. It is well known that the system of internal and external factors formatting the climate is very unstable; decreasing planetary temperature leads to an increase of snow surface, and decrease of the total solar energy input into the system decreases the planetary temperature even more, etc. From this it follows that even energetically small factors may have a big influence on climate change. In our opinion, the most important of these factors are cosmic rays and cosmic dust through their influence on clouds, and thus, on climate
Introduction
It is now obvious, according to past data on large variations in planetary surface temperature over timescales of many thousands (even millions) of years, that the Earth’s global climate change is determined not only by internal factors but also by factors originating in space. These include the moving of the solar system around the center of our galaxy, thus crossing galactic arms, clouds of molecular dust, nearby supernovae and supernova remnants. Another important space factor is the cyclic variations of solar activity and the solar wind (mostly on the scales of decades and hundreds of years). The space factors which influence Earth’s climate most, however are cosmic rays (CR) and space dust, which influence the formation of clouds and therefore control the total energy transferred from the Sun to the Earth’s atmosphere. The propagation and modulation of galactic CR (generated mostly during supernova explosions and in supernova remnants in our galaxy) is determined within the heliosphere by their interaction with magnetic fields frozen in the solar wind and in coronal mass ejections (CME) with accompanying interplanetary shock waves (that produce big magnetic storms during their interactions with the Earth’s magnetosphere). The most difficult problem of monitoring and forecasting the modulation of galactic CR in the heliosphere is that the CR intensity at some 4-D point in space-time is determined not only by the level of solar activity at the time of the observations or the electromagnetic conditions at this point, but rather, by the electromagnetic conditions in the total Heliosphere. These conditions in the total heliosphere are determined by the development of solar activity during many months leading up to the time-point of observations. This is the cause of the so-called hysteresis phenomenon in connecting galactic CR and solar activity.
On the other hand, detailed investigations of this phenomenon yield the important possibility to estimate conditions in and the dimensions of the heliosphere. To solve the problem described above of CR modulation in the heliosphere, we considered as the first step the behavior of high energy particles (more than several GeV, for which the diffusion time of propagation in the heliosphere is very small in comparison with the characteristic time of modulation) on the basis of neutron monitor data in the frame of convection diffusion theory. We then take into account drift effects. For low energy galactic CR detected on satellites and space probes, we also need to take into account the additional time lag caused by diffusion in the heliosphere. Then, we consider the problem of CR modulation forecasting for several months and years ahead, which gives the possibility to forecast some part of the global climate change caused by CR…..
Conclusions
When considering CR variations as one of the possible causes of long-term global climate change, we need to take into account not only CR modulation by the solar wind but also the changing of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities (see Table 2). This is especially important when we consider climate change on a scale of between 103 and 106 yr. Paleomagnetic investigations show that during the last 3.6 × 106 yr, the magnetic field of the Earth has changed polarity nine times. The Earth’s magnetic moment has changed as well, sometimes having a value of only one-fifth of its present value (Cox et al., 1967). This corresponds to a decreasing of the cutoff rigidity, which in turn leads to an increasing of CR intensity and a decreasing of the surface temperature. When we consider the situation in the frame of timescales of many thousands and millions of years, we need to take into account also possible changes of galactic CR intensity out of the Heliosphere. It is furthermore not excluded that the gradual increasing of planetary surface temperature observed in the last hundred years is caused not by anthropogenic factors, but by space factors (mainly by CR intensity variation, see Fig. 4)….

Climate sensitivity to the lower stratospheric ozone variations
(Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, March 2012)
-N. A. Kilifarska
National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, BAS, 3 Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract
The strong sensitivity of the Earth’s radiation balance to variations in the lower stratospheric ozone—reported previously—is analysed here by the use of non-linear statistical methods. Our non-linear model of the land air temperature (T)—driven by the measured Arosa total ozone (TOZ)—explains 75% of total variability of Earth’s T variations during the period 1926–2011. We have analysed also the factors which could influence the TOZ variability and found that the strongest impact belongs to the multi-decadal variations of galactic cosmic rays. Constructing a statistical model of the ozone variability, we have been able to predict the tendency in the land air T evolution till the end of the current decade. Results show that Earth is facing a weak cooling of the surface T by 0.05–0.25 K (depending on the ozone model) until the end of the current solar cycle. A new mechanism for O3 influence on climate is proposed.

Aerosol nucleation in an ultra-low ion density environment
Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersena, , , Martin B. Enghoffa, Sean M. Palingb, c, Henrik Svensmarka
a National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield University, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
c Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, UK
Abstract
Ion-induced nucleation has been studied in a deep underground ultra-low background radiation environment where the role of ions can be distinguished from alternative neutral aerosol nucleation mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that ions have a significant effect on the production of small sulfuric acid–water clusters over a range of sulfuric acid concentrations although neutral nucleation mechanisms remain evident at low ionization levels. The effect of ions is found both to enhance the nucleation rate of stable clusters and the initial growth rate. The effects of possible contaminations are also discussed and are believed to be small, but cannot be excluded. If our results can be extrapolated to conditions that resemble the clean air atmosphere over the Earth’s oceans they suggest that ions may dominate the production of small (4 nm) aerosols here.

Variability of rainfall and temperature (1912–2008) parameters measured from Santa Maria (29°41′S, 53°48′W) and their connections with ENSO and solar activity
(Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Volume 77, pp. 152–160, March 2012)
P.H. Rampelottoa, , , N.R. Rigozob, M.B. da Rosac, A. Prestesd, E. Frigoe, M.P. Souza Echerf, D.J.R. Nordemannf
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the long term variability of rainfall and temperature (1912–2008) of Santa Maria (29°S, 53°W) and its possible connection with natural influences such as solar activity and ENSO. Temperature and rainfall present similar frequencies as revealed by spectral analyses. This analysis shows a large number of short periods between 2–8 years and periods of 11.8–12.3, 19.1–21.0, and 64.3–82.5 years. The cross correlation for rainfall and temperature versus Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) have higher cross-power around 2–8 yr. Rainfall and temperature versus sunspot number (Rz) showed higher cross-power around the 11-yr solar cycle period. A high and continuous cross correlation was observed for Rz-22 yr versus rainfall and temperature. Furthermore, the power between 22-yr solar cycle and meteorological parameters was higher than that obtained with the 11-yr solar cycle, suggesting that the effect of Hale cycle on climate may be stronger than the Schwabe cycle effect. These results indicate that the variability of rainfall and temperature is closely related to the variation of the Southern Oscillation Index and solar activity, and that the El Nino Southern Oscillation and solar activity probably play an important role in the climate system over Southern Brazil.

Strong evidence for the influence of solar cycles on a Late Miocene lake system revealed by biotic and abiotic proxies
A.K. Kerna, , , M. Harzhausera, , W.E. Pillerb, , O. Mandica, , A. Solimanb, c,
Abstract
The Late Miocene paleogeography of central Europe and its climatic history are well studied with a resolution of c. 106 years. Small-scale climatic variations are yet unresolved. Observing past climatic change of short periods, however, would encourage the understanding of the modern climatic system. Therefore, past climate archives require a resolution on a decadal to millennial scale.
To detect such a short-term evolution, a continuous 6-m-core of the Paleo-Lake Pannon was analyzed in 1-cm-sample distance to provide information as precise and regular as possible. Measurements of the natural gamma radiation and magnetic susceptibility combined with the total abundance of ostracod shells were used as proxies to estimate millennial- to centennial scale environmental changes during the mid-Tortonian warm period.
Patterns emerged, but no indisputable age model can be provided for the core, due to the lack of paleomagnetic reversals and the lack of minerals suitable for absolute dating. Therefore, herein we propose another method to determine a hypothetic time frame for these deposits.
Based on statistical processes, including Lomb–Scargle and REDFIT periodograms along with Wavelet spectra, several distinct cyclicities could be detected. Calculations considering established off-shore sedimentation rates of the Tortonian Vienna Basin revealed patterns resembling Holocene solar-cycle-records well. The comparison of filtered data of Miocene and Holocene records displays highly similar patterns and comparable modulations. A best-fit adjustment of sedimentation rate results in signals which fit to the lower and upper Gleissberg cycle, the de Vries cycle, the unnamed 500-year- and 1000-year-cycles, as well as the Hallstatt cycle. Each of these cycles has a distinct and unique expression in the investigated environmental proxies, reflecting a complex forcing-system. Hence, a single-proxy-analysis, as often performed on Holocene records, should be considered cautiously as it might fail to capture the full range of solar cycles.

Trends in sunspots and North Atlantic sea level pressure
(Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 117, April 2012)
Harry van Loon, Jeremiah Brown, Ralph F. Milliff
ABSTRACT
We analyze the periods 1878–1944 and 1944–2008. The quasi-stationary wave in the North Atlantic region was stronger and the baroclinity steeper in 1878–1944 than in 1944–2008. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index—as defined by the Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia—was higher in the former period too. We illustrate these statements by maps of sea level pressure and air temperature at the surface. The long-term trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index are linked to the trend in sunspot number such that when, in the mean, the sunspot numbers were high (Gleissberg maxima) the trends in the two quantities were parallel; and when the mean sunspot numbers were low (Gleissberg minima) the trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and sunspots were opposite. We find the connections between the trends statistically significant, and we infer that the level of solar activity played a role in the trends of the past two centuries in the North Atlantic region. However, we cannot as yet provide a mechanism linking the solar trends to those in the atmosphere and ocean, but as a step toward an explanation, the equator to pole temperature gradient is steeper in a Gleissberg minimum than in a maximum.

Tree ring based precipitation reconstruction in the south slope of the middle Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, over the last millennium
(Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 117, April 2012)
-Junyan Sun, Yu Liu
ABSTRACT
A tree ring (Sabina przewalskiiKom.) based millennial precipitation reconstruction on the south slope of the middle Qilian Mountains in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, China, was completed, which explains 48.5% of the variance in the instrumental precipitation from 1958 to 2004. The long-term precipitation variation patterns were confirmed on the basis of the duration, magnitude, and intensify of the multidecadal dry (wet) events. There are several stronger multidecadal dry periods, 1092–1172, 1441–1517, and 1564–1730, whereas there is only one outstanding severe wet event of 1352–1440. The variations of the precipitation reconstruction are accordant with the glacier accumulation and dust contents of Dunde ice core and also with the variations of the precipitation, runoff, Palmer Drought Severity Index, and tree ring width series in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The spatial extent of the great drought in the latter half of the 15th century also concentrated on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The moisture variations in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau are synchronous over a large spatial and temporal range in multidecadal scale for the last millennium, especially during dry periods. Wavelet analyses and comparisons with the minimal solar activity show that the precipitation variations for the last millennium may have some association with the solar activity on multidecadal to centennial scales.

Solar influences on atmospheric circulation
(Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, May 2012)
K. Georgievaa, , , , B. Kirova, P. Koucká Knížováb, Z. Mošnab, D. Koubab, Y. Asenovskaa
a Space Research and Technologies Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
b Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Abstract
Various atmospheric parameters are in some periods positively and in others negatively correlated with solar activity. Solar activity is a result of the action of solar dynamo transforming solar poloidal field into toroidal field and back. The poloidal and toroidal fields are the two faces of solar magnetism, so they are not independent, but we demonstrate that their long-term variations are not identical, and the periods in which solar activity agents affecting the Earth are predominantly related to solar toroidal or poloidal fields are the periods in which the North Atlantic Oscillation is negatively or positively correlated with solar activity, respectively. We find further that solar poloidal field-related activity increases the NAM index, while solar toroidal field-related activity decreases it. This is a possible explanation of the changing correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation and solar activity.

Assessment of the relationship between the combined solar cycle/ENSO forcings and the tropopause temperature
(Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Volume 80, pp. 21–27, May 2012)
– Alfred M. Powell Jr., Jianjun Xu
Abstract
The tropopause region of the atmosphere shows large variability over time and by region. The complex changes near the tropopause are not fully understood, especially in terms of interdecadal and interannual forcings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate forcings in the tropopause region by using microwave sounder observations and comparing the results to previous analyses.
On the basis of the satellite retrieved temperatures from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) Channel 3 (CH3) measurements which began in 1981 and continue to the current time, this analysis will assess the solar forcing and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing within the tropopause layer (300–100 hPa). The temperature variability from the combined “downward” solar forcing and the “upward” ENSO forcing have been investigated using wavelet, multiple linear regression and lag correlation analyses.
The results show that the temperature variability within the tropopause layer was dominated by 3.5–7 and 14–28 year oscillations. The temperature responses to the two forcings apparently depend on the location, season and time scale of the measurements.
The temperature response to solar forcing can be found over the Arctic and Antarctic zones in winter. On the interdecadal time scale, the temperature response to solar forcing was markedly amplified with a lag of 1–2 years or 5–7 years and was out of phase between the Arctic, and all other latitudes. Interestingly, the statistically significant response to solar forcing was only identified over the tropical central and western Pacific in summer.
The temperature response to the ENSO forcing is much stronger than the solar forcing based on the magnitude of the regression coefficients. A significant positive response occurs over most of the tropical ocean areas in winter and a negative temperature response is confined to the tropical western Pacific in summer. On the interannual time scale, the temperature response is observed within the tropical areas and reaches a positive maximum 4–5 months later, and can be identified up to 10 months later with statistically significant values. After 10 months, the response is negative.

February 21, 2013 4:24 pm

Gail Combs says:
February 21, 2013 at 4:11 pm
Fine how about some newer papers? Conflicting papers are not surprising in a young very active field especially when some scientists have an agenda that is political and not scientific.
This is not a ‘very new field’. It goes back to Riccioli in the 17th century. You demonstrate an aptitude to select papers to support your view. Did you really try to find some that didn’t and failed miserably? For example, that show that the Arctic and the Antarctic vary in anti-correlation on millennial timescales. Or that a large part of the 10Be record variability is due to climate and not to the Sun. The list goes on…Is ‘outrage’ also not an agenda?

February 21, 2013 4:27 pm

Gail Thanks for the links on your very useful posts/

February 21, 2013 4:35 pm

Dr Norman Page says:
February 21, 2013 at 4:07 pm
Can you agree with the following propositions
1. On millenial and shorter time scales the Sun is the main climate driver.

No, there is no evidence for that. On the contrary the temperatures of the Arctic and the Antarctic are anti-correlated on millennial timescales, pointing to oceanic causes.
2. CO2 is of minor significance – there is no need to waste billions on controlling CO2 emissions
There is no such need, but you miss the point: politicians do not want to control CO2, just to extract money from you.
3 There is a built in negative feed back in the system probably along the lines suggested in the Trenberth link which prevents the earth from warming too much.
I am not sure about this one. Smacks too much of Gaia for my taste. The Earth has been much warmer in the past, did that feedback not work back then?
4 Variations in TSI alone do not account for the amplitude of temperature change on earth.
I agree, although some solar physicists are trying to revive the TSI-idea [e.g. Shapiro et al.]
5.There is some other solar caused mechanism which acts in conjuction with or amplflies the TSI changes to affect the Temperature.
No, what would that be? The various proposals have always fallen flat. TSI is where the energy is.
If you agree with the above and you don’t think the cloud hypothesis is useful could you give us conceptually some notion of what you think is happening.
I mostly disagree, so it is hard to form a concept out of that? But how about stochastic variations of a complex system.
Finally where you think earth’s temperature is headed in the next 30 years – ballpark guess.
Have no idea. Guessing would suggest an upward trend [as that is what has happened in the past on climate time scales – 30 years or longer]. Also, some wishful thinking: warm is better than cold.

February 21, 2013 4:54 pm

Gail Combs says:
February 21, 2013 at 4:11 pm
Fine how about some newer papers?
You should look in more detail on what they say. Am often quoted paper is one by Jasper Kirby [I’m sure you know it or can find it] where he presents the following Figure [top panel] http://www.leif.org/research/INTCAL-Jasper.png in support of the cosmic ray mechanism influence on temperature [proxied by d18O]. It looks pretty good on the surface. However, it is not correct and does not support the GCR-cause [on the contrary]. You see, what matters is the actual intensity of the GCR flux and that is determined mostly by the Earth’s magnetic field. The lower panel shows the real GCR record [proxies by red INTCAL 14C flux] for the past 2000 years. There clearly is a long-term variation that is not very nice when comparing with the d18O record, but if we filter that long-term [real] variation to suppress variations on a time scale longer than 200 years we get the blue curve which as you will agree is precisely Kirby’s blue curve. This is, however sleight of hand as the causative agent is supposed to be the actual flux with lon-term drift and all. Things like this make me outraged.

February 21, 2013 4:59 pm

Dr Norman Page says:
February 21, 2013 at 12:03 pm
In choosing a metric by which to measure climate change…
If the Sun is major driver of climate it shouldn’t matter which dataset one chooses.
Did you read the links I gave you about cosmic rays? What is the last word of the abstract of Paper#2? You just blatantly ignore this my question. How can one have a reasonable discussion when faced with such an attitude?

[Dupe entry? Or should the first be removed? Mod]

Jon Schneider
February 21, 2013 4:59 pm

I keep encountering the assertion that CO2 is a plant food and that we cant have too much of it. I also see that some are convinced that rising average and peak temperatures means a longer growing season – higher crop yields. There are two points to be made against such assertions. One is that no sufficiency of sustained warmth and sunshine, fertile soil, oxigen-nitrogen-co2 will compensate for insufficient rain and failing aquafers. No doubt, [snip — don’t use that word on this site. — mod.] want the public to decouple co2 from drought, if not from heat, but if they cant, they must convince the world that one region’s (or generation’s) catastrophe (droughts, floods, etc.) is another’s convenience (electricity, automobiles) – (“So sue me!”). The other point is an obvious one about how much of a “good thing” is too much – ‘how hot is too hot?’ – ‘how many ice free months can the Great Lakes have, winter after winter as prevailing winds carry off water vapor?’ what will the south west do when Lake Powell finally isnt a Lake any more- what will the Plains do when the Oglalla aquafer is depleted? just what ARE the plants that thrive emmersed in co2?’ (poison ivy according one study).
Another thing I keep encountering are implications that GW is a hoax designed to put an end to American Democracy. It would seem consistent with that kind of mindset that laisee faire applyed to climate is preferable to duly elected government trying to stave off environmental disaster. Cant you just hear the embattled redneck tea partyer shouting “get your government hands off my burning forests, dessicated croplands, trickling river channels, shrinking lakes and water tables, wildlife on the brink of extinction, sea beds paved with oil spills, crashing fish stocks, superstorms, rising ocean levels!”? Would someone like to expand on that viewpoint, get a little more specific about who is “behind” this?
One thing that I dont think was mentioned in ‘Wattsup..’ articles or comments was the issue of ocean acidity and dying coral species? How trivial is that?

February 21, 2013 4:59 pm

lFebruary 21, 2013 at 4:59 pm
Dr Norman Page says:
February 21, 2013 at 12:03 pm
In choosing a metric by which to measure climate change…
If the Sun is major driver of climate it shouldn’t matter which dataset one chooses. But:
Did you read the links I gave you about cosmic rays? What is the last word of the abstract of Paper#2? You just blatantly ignore this my question. How can one have a reasonable discussion when faced with such an attitude?

Bob
February 21, 2013 5:43 pm

Lsvalgaard,
“3 There is a built in negative feed back in the system probably along the lines suggested in the Trenberth link which prevents the earth from warming too much.
I am not sure about this one. Smacks too much of Gaia for my taste. The Earth has been much warmer in the past, did that feedback not work back then?”
If you believe the Vostok ice core data that CO2 lags temperature by 100-800 years, and you believe in radiative physics (which I know you do), there has to be a built in negative feedback – else what would prevent run away warming?

davidmhoffer
February 21, 2013 5:51 pm

Jon Schneider;
There are two points to be made against such assertions. One is that no sufficiency of sustained warmth and sunshine, fertile soil, oxigen-nitrogen-co2 will compensate for insufficient rain and failing aquafers.No doubt, deniers want the public to decouple co2 from drought, if not from heat
The most recent research, which is being cited in the draft review of United Nations IPCC report due out next year suggests that there is no connection:
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/11/16/global-warming-to-drought-links-shot-down/
what we “want” sir is for a discussion of the actual science rather than what the uninformed think is the science.
Jon Schneider;
The other point is an obvious one about how much of a “good thing” is too much – ‘how hot is too hot?
Well and excellent point! I don’t speak for all skeptics (the term I use rather than the ugly and insulting term you used) but within the range of sensitivities claimed by the IPCC, even the upper bound represents a level of warming that would be a fraction of the cost to adapt to than prevent. But the fact of the matter is that the upper bound is not only unlikely, even the most ardent of warmist scientists are beginning to admit that even the lower bound may be an over estimate. In fact, temperatures over the last 16 years are below the lowest model estimates, something that the best researchers at NOAA insisted was impossible unless the models were wrong altogether. Here was are 16 years and on all 4 global major temperature indices, temperatures have been flat despite a 20% increase in CO2. No, it hasn’t gone into “extreme weather” either, that has also been debunked, extreme weather on a global basis is in decline and expected to continue to decline according to the next draft of the IPCC report.
Jon Schneider;
Another thing I keep encountering are implications that GW is a hoax designed to put an end to American Democracy
I suggest you not paint all skeptics with the same brush. At day’s end though, the specific motivation is far less important than what the actual facts of the science are. If the warmist meme is wrong, it is wrong. Why it is wrong doesn’t much matter at that point.
Jon Schneider;
One thing that I dont think was mentioned in ‘Wattsup..’ articles or comments was the issue of ocean acidity and dying coral species? How trivial is that?
How hard did you look?
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/01/09/scripps-paper-ocean-acidification-fears-overhyped/
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/12/27/the-ocean-is-not-getting-acidified/
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/01/10/ocean-acidification-chicken-of-the-sea-little-strikes-again/

February 21, 2013 5:53 pm

Leif of course I read your link the last word was” them” ,I am well aware of the uncertainties in the Be data you have to consider all the often contradictory data – see Gails links and make some judgement on the overall picture – reasonable people can draw different conclusions.
If you don’t now think its the sun but the Ocean systems – what drives them?
I gather you think God plays dice on a macroscpic scale – in which case theres not much we can learn about nature – I,m surprised you bother thinking about climate at all.

John Whitman
February 21, 2013 6:05 pm

Steven Mosher says:
February 20, 2013 at 9:23 pm

John Whitman says:
February 20, 2013 at 11:45 am
“Also, what current physical science fundamentals are barriers to the possibility that sensitivity to doubling CO2 could be found through more open research thinking to be zero or negative?”

– – – – – – – –
Steven Mosher,
I appreciate the effort of your considerable comment. Thanks.
My question was prompted by Dr Norman Page saying,

This is an encouraging start [ Trenberth’s] and its inclusion would improve models significantly. Clearly it would reduce very substantially the currently IPCC calculated temperature sensitivity to CO2 . He [ Trenberth ] now also needs to add into the models the iris effect of the GCR modulation of the global incoming radiation flux via clouds ,possibly related natural aerosols, and resulting albedo changes on global temperatures. When this is done the sensitivity to doubling CO2 will be 1 degree or less similar to separate calculations by Lindzen, Spencer and Bjornbom:
http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2013/01/new-paper-confirms-findings-of-lindzen.html

So, I got to thinking we now are finally (sigh) successfully getting away from the irrational myopia on and alarming exaggeration of climate sensitivity from a doubling of CO2 by the IPCC assessments. We are progressing to a more balanced and open dialog about all aspects of the earth-atmospheric system; finding the more realistic aspect of not just CO2 but previously neglected more important other aspects. In the improved dialog there is growing confidence in much lower and/or insignificant magnitudes of effects from CO2. So I asked my question.
First, a view to CO2. It is certain that CO2 in its gaseous state adsorbs electromagnetic radiation of certain wavelengths (IR) and it gives up either all or some of that energy through emitting radiation and/or kinetic energy transfer to other atmospheric molecules. It is one of the many elemental building block type phenomena of our total earth-atmospheric system.
The earth-atmospheric system is a grand infinitely varying continuous experiment; we do not need to make one. But it is a fatally under-instrumented experiment temporally and spatially but going forward we can correct that. Looking backward on the experiment, we can improve the historical experiment by refining the proxies with inventive ideas of new proxies and better sampling of existing proxies. Get to work, science.
The experiment, as it stands, says the observational results show climate behavior is business as usual from the geological timeframe to the present; an earth-atmospheric system not significantly influenced by CO2 if at all.
The GC models are what show that there should be a significant CO2 influence on climate. I consider them wrong in a Feynman context.
What physical principle or essential scientific understanding is compromised by a (my) thesis that our earth-atmospheric system, which appears to act like a highly complex chaotic non-linear one, has a capability to produce a zero energy change response to increased CO2? Ditto for a negative energy change response to increased CO2?
That still remains my open question. Current scientific estimates and calculations may find certain earth-atmospheric system responses to changes in its system parameters (such as CO2). People like Lindzen have given attention to such estimates and calculation and I very much respect his. I understand. But what I am looking for in my question is clear barriers to zero or negative response; sort of the climate equivalent to the speed of light barrier.
Mosh, I considered your response, thanks, and now I am requesting more views to consider.
John

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