After all of the news about a minimum record ice extent last month, this is interesting. As we know when water loses its ice cover, it allows a lot of heat to radiate into space as LWIR. many predictied that as a result of the extra open ocean surface, we see a very fast refreeze in the Arctic. It appears they were right. In fact, this is the fastest monthly scale refreeze rate in the NSIDC satellite record going back to 1979.
Here’s JAXA data plotted to show what has happened:
From the blog sunshine hours, here’s an analysis using NSIDC data:
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Today is day 291 in the Arctic. The minimum in 2012 was on day 260 – 31 days ago.
If you calculate the percentage of ice gained (the refreeze) 31 days after minimum, then 2012 is the fastest refreeze ever!
Arctic Sea Ice Extent has increased by 43.8% since the minimum was reached.
Extents are in millions of sq km.
(And note I am using NSIDC data here and their algorithm is making the refreeze appear slow compared to NORSEX)
| Year | Minimum_Extent | Extent Day | Extent_Change | Extent_Change_Pct |
| 1979 | 6.89236 | 295 | 2.55691 | 27.1 |
| 1980 | 7.52476 | 280 | 0.95144 | 11.2 |
| 1981 | 6.88784 | 284 | 1.71672 | 20 |
| 1982 | 7.15423 | 287 | 2.41499 | 25.2 |
| 1983 | 7.19145 | 282 | 1.70096 | 19.1 |
| 1984 | 6.39916 | 291 | 2.08442 | 24.6 |
| 1985 | 6.4799 | 281 | 1.50769 | 18.9 |
| 1986 | 7.12351 | 280 | 1.8491 | 20.6 |
| 1987 | 6.89159 | 276 | 1.37713 | 16.7 |
| 1988 | 7.04905 | 286 | 1.76783 | 20.1 |
| 1989 | 6.88931 | 296 | 2.70935 | 28.2 |
| 1990 | 6.0191 | 295 | 3.46791 | 36.6 |
| 1991 | 6.26027 | 290 | 2.69726 | 30.1 |
| 1992 | 7.16324 | 282 | 1.67903 | 19 |
| 1993 | 6.15699 | 280 | 1.85199 | 23.1 |
| 1994 | 6.92645 | 279 | 1.1014 | 13.7 |
| 1995 | 5.98945 | 283 | 0.5189 | 8 |
| 1996 | 7.15283 | 285 | 1.77882 | 19.9 |
| 1997 | 6.61353 | 277 | 0.65032 | 9 |
| 1998 | 6.29922 | 291 | 2.35169 | 27.2 |
| 1999 | 5.68009 | 286 | 2.68723 | 32.1 |
| 2000 | 5.9442 | 286 | 2.32372 | 28.1 |
| 2001 | 6.56774 | 293 | 1.95252 | 22.9 |
| 2002 | 5.62456 | 287 | 2.41992 | 30.1 |
| 2003 | 5.97198 | 291 | 2.10126 | 26 |
| 2004 | 5.77608 | 294 | 2.37329 | 29.1 |
| 2005 | 5.31832 | 296 | 3.09221 | 36.8 |
| 2006 | 5.74877 | 288 | 1.72446 | 23.1 |
| 2007 | 4.1607 | 288 | 1.39556 | 25.1 |
| 2008 | 4.55469 | 293 | 3.33615 | 42.3 |
| 2009 | 5.05488 | 286 | 1.45951 | 22.4 |
| 2010 | 4.59918 | 293 | 2.88065 | 38.5 |
| 2011 | 4.30207 | 282 | 1.35023 | 23.9 |
| 2012 | 3.36855 | 291 | 2.62409 | 43.8 |
Source: sunshine hours
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Here’s the NORSEX plot and NSIDC plot compared:
See all the data on the WUWT Sea Ice Reference Page
In other news. I’ve been in touch with Bill Chapman at UUIC/Crysophere Today to point out this bug:
It turns out to be an accidental issue, and he says:
“I was using the script to generate a plot for a publication that wanted a U.S.-centric view and it looks like I forgot to put things back to the way they were originally.
I’ll have it fixed by tomorrows update.”
Stuff happens, no worries.
![Sea_Ice_Extent_L[1]](http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/sea_ice_extent_l1.png?resize=640%2C400&quality=75)
![ssmi1_ice_ext[1]](http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/ssmi1_ice_ext1.png?resize=640%2C479&quality=75)
![N_timeseries[1]](http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/n_timeseries1.png?resize=640%2C512&quality=75)
![cryo_compare[1]](http://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/cryo_compare1.jpg?resize=640%2C320&quality=83)
R Korbs says:
October 19, 2012 at 12:25 am
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Much ado about nothing! Lovely acronym, where have I seen that character sequence before?
Geoff Sherrington says:
October 19, 2012 at 1:48 am
>>
Would not the more relevant measurement be the annual integrated ice extent (the area under the graph each year?) Seems to me that there would be a different energy ranking sequence if each year was summed day by day. Spread over a year, the minimum extent date and area seem to depend on several variables, some of which act in light and some in darkness, some months away from where the minimum extent happens. It’s not area that is the primary focus, it’s energy. including that difficult wind energy component & direction over a year.
>>
Valid comments but it’s hard to evaluate energy without the thickness. Ice area is probably a better index than 15% extent that depends heavily on how it gets spread or compacted by wind.
The main thing to do if one is interested how it’s changing is to look at rate of change rather than trying to guess how change is varying from the day be day data.
Once you look at rate of change and apply a one or two year filter you start to see the big picture and it’s quite surprising what you see, http://i49.tinypic.com/xudsy.png
I’m not aware of any of the major Cryo sites that are even examining this nor anyone who has noticed that the big slide has actually ended.
Perhaps Anthony should put this plot on his sea ice page 😉
Some AGW proponents have argued that less ice cover at the end of the melt season, which causes quite a bit of heat to escape from warmed Arctic waters, adds water vapor to the atmosphere which leads to catastrophic snow in the surrounding land areas. So we will see if snow is worse this year. That’s one issue.
Here’s the other one. This event can be explained by intrinsic oscillations better than anthropogenic causes. Why? CO2 cannot explain the warmer currents that entered into the Arctic (LWIR really sucks when it comes to heating water). But ENSO events can and do explain the warmer water entering the Arctic polar region. The same can be said for the teleconnection between oceanic conditions and atmopheric systems. So even the storm that broke up Arctic ice has natural causes.
The null hypothesis has yet to be refuted as a cause.
(A+AA) sea ice is about 10% less than 30 year mean.
Dear me……….
How about this:
1) The open water provides additional heat [over ice covered water] to warm the vacuum of space via radiation.
2) This heat acts as an insulating barrier that slows heat transfer from the equator.
3) The open water, as it evaporates [losing heat], increases water vapor in the atmosphere.
4) Increased water vapor will provide the “fuel” for increased snow.
Results:
1) More snow in the northern regions.
2) Northern Pacific/Atlantic stays warmer for an increased time.
3) Snow melts faster due to warmer northern Pacific/Atlantic.
4) Open water heat transfer to space will result in increased freezing [after enough heat is dissipated].
5) Ice will melt faster in the spring/summer due to warmer Pacific/Atlantic.
Questions:
1) What supplies the heat to warm the Pacific/Atlantic at the equator?
2) What supplies the heat to cause the El Nino?
Comment:
After 350 years of warming, the Sun is in a what appears a long term [50 year] reduced output cycle. Won’t it be great to be able to enjoy the “good old days” when the Thames River froze over!
@Harold “a completely typical sea ice season”.
Please proceed! This denier humour is killing me!
The start of the post says when seas lose their ice cover they lose a lot of heat due to LWIR, but if new sea ice is clear and transparent, doesn’t the sea still lose heat due to LWIR at near the same rate as it did before the sea froze? Once the ice becomes thick or loses its transparency then I can see how LWIR drops to near zero.
Yeah, Anthony, but all that horrible, rotten melting that lasted a whole month or two dealt the Arctic a permanent, mortal blow from which it can never recover. /sarc for the clueless
@ur momisugly sunshinehours1:
October 18, 2012 at 5:19 pm
2012 (to day 291) already has a higher average sea ice extent (NSIDC) than 2011 (which may change).
And is closing in on 2007.
I suspect the NORSEX data (if I could find it) would show 2012 higher than both.
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Is this what your after:
http://arctic-roos.org/observations/satellite-data/sea-ice/ice-area-and-extent-in-arctic
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richardscourtney says:
October 19, 2012 at 2:52 am
But it is disappointing news.
I had hoped for an ice-free Arctic ocean with all the resulting benefits for trade and shipping.
And nobody has managed to tell me of any problems likely to derive from an ice-free Arctic ocean (although some people who know nothing about polar bears think the bears would not like it).
The rapid refreeze implies we may not get the benefits of an ice-free Arctic ocean. It is a matter for regret.
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Seconded. The further we are from glacial conditions, the better. And nobody yet has given a reasonable explanation why more ice is “better”. Not a one.
You’d think LT or Gary Lance would try, but maybe even they’re not that clueless…
I agree with Gary. The 30 year trend is clearly downward. I understand the cyclical- negative feedback- and reversion to mean- thinking, however it seems to me that those things happen over a longer timespan than a few years.
Whether Mann and Lewandowsky are arrogant, or whether CO2 climate theories are wrong, the only sensible bet would be that next year’s arctic ice is below the 1990s average again. Maybe less than 2012, maybe more than 2012, but definitely below 1995.
Can we please see the CO2 level in the vicinity of the freeze? Freezing ocean water expels CO2. That means the CO2 concentration in the area should rise faster than eh-vah. Yes or no?
The argument that some make regarding the % being higher because the extent got so low is interesting, but doesn’t hold up under scrutiny. 2012 – 43.8%; 2007 – 25.1%. That puts 2007 at 16th on the list. Furthermore, if you look at km^2 refreeze per day, 2012 is 8th, while 2007 is 28th.
By the way, why would this blog writer have used refreeze as a percent of the end of the 31 days and not refreeze as a percent of the minimum?
KevinM says
the only sensible bet would be that next year’s arctic ice is below the 1990s average again. Maybe less than 2012, maybe more than 2012, but definitely below 1995.
henry says
What’s the bet (in monetary size or in reputation size)?
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/10/18/sea-ice-news-volume-3-number-15-arctic-refreeze-fastest-ever/#comment-1113982
We can play all the games you want about the arctic sea ice recovering, but it isn’t going to recover. In a few years, you’re going to run out of things to cherry pick, because that arctic sea ice isn’t going to be there in the summer and will be absent during a longer period each year. Most of the thick multi-year arctic sea ice is gone and what remains is starting to find new exits through the Canadian Archipelagos, like it has recently been exiting through the Nares Strait after the ice bridge collapsed. Spreading out ice volume with extent only looks good on paper and just means the sea ice can melt faster.
That arctic sea ice had a minimum area in 2012 about the size of Greenland, so think of them as two large areas far to the north with a high albedo, preventing warming. By June, the snow cover loss in the Northern Hemisphere was three times the area of that arctic sea ice, further south and with plenty of time to cause heating during the summer. This trend in losing snow cover is even more recent than losing arctic sea ice and may have contributed to that 97% melt on Greenland.
Specifically what I mentioned was looking for hope in a fast refreeze ignores the fact that sea ice insulates the heat in the ocean from the atmosphere. You could actually make more sea ice at this time of year by breaking up the ice and allowing the heat to escape. Only first year ice that gets lucky with drift can make it through a season.
“So the implication that open water would have a greater cooling effect that ice cover is not obvious. Can anyone provide evidence or logic for that statement?”
Liquid water is warmer than ice, it will radiate more energy even if they have the same emissivity.
Ice is much more likely to drop with air temps, water will continue to radiate excess heat for as long as there’s enough turnover to replace cold water with warm(non-freezing).
Doug: “By the way, why would this blog writer have used refreeze as a percent of the end of the 31 days and not refreeze as a percent of the minimum?”
Because I screwed up. I have issued a correction.
It was 83.1%, not 43.8%. Still the fastest in percentage terms.
http://sunshinehours.wordpress.com/2012/10/18/fastest-arctic-ice-extent-refreeze-ever-in-31-days/
8th largest amount of ice in 31 days.
Gary Lance says:
“We can play all the games you want about the arctic sea ice recovering, but it isn’t going to recover.”
The planet is already proving you wrong. How do you explain that?
Sunshinehours1 said:
“Still the fastest in percentage terms.”
Who cares? The percent increase of sea ice extent at day 31 after that year’s minimum is a number without any significance. As the minimums approach zero the percent increases will approach infinity. If there were no ice at minimum, any ice that formed afterward would constitute an infinite percent increase. This is all a way to fool people into thinking that the ice is just fine, and that the volume of ice is not still at a record low (since May).
Gary Lance:
At October 19, 2012 at 8:38 am you predict
Although I am certain you are wrong, I sincerely hope you are right.
My hope is explained in my post at October 19, 2012 at 2:52 am. Perhaps you could address that by expressing your rejoicing at the good news which you predict is imminent?
Richard
Sure, glaciers, snow cover, arctic sea ice, Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets and permafrost are all in retreat, but you think getting an antarctic sea ice maximum, because of extra wind and precipitation, means something besides it’s all going to melt away.
Tell me why there are two Patagonias, when there used to be one with the third largest ice sheet in the world!
The world will keep melting and when it runs out of ice, it’s going to start really heating things up in the arctic, lowering the temperature difference between the equator and the arctic. That will change the jet stream and exceptional weather will become a new reality.
Gary Lance says:
October 19, 2012 at 8:38 am
“By June, the snow cover loss in the Northern Hemisphere was three times the area of that arctic sea ice, further south and with plenty of time to cause heating during the summer. ”
At high Lat, open water reflects about half incoming solar http://sun.iwu.edu/~gpouch/Climate/RawData/WaterAlbedo001.pdf
So it get’s less heating than most expect.
vukcevic says:
October 18, 2012 at 11:05 pm
“Big (fresh water) ice melt = large volume of fresh water added
large volume of fresh water present = faster freezing”
Exactly – fresh water from the mainland melt is floating on the saltier sea surface as well as the snow accumulation which is also fresh water that when melted floats on the sea surface.
The low value doesn’t mean anything at all, not if it recovers/refreezes to a ‘normal’ range. The so-called worry/claim seems to be that at some point there won’t be any Arctic ice at all. And that is a LONG way from ever happening.
If it dips low at any time in the cycle but then comes back, none of this matters at all. The low point – whoop dee freaking doo. It’s a tempest in a teapot that has no significance.
Steve Garcia
Crispin in Yogayakarta says:
October 19, 2012 at 8:16 am
Can we please see the CO2 level in the vicinity of the freeze? Freezing ocean water expels CO2. That means the CO2 concentration in the area should rise faster than eh-vah. Yes or no?
Check out what happens at Point Barrow in Oct-Dec (below)
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/co2/barrsio.co2