A first hand report on Dr. Michael Mann's embarrassing Disneyland episode

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Elevated from a comment. Roger Sowell describes first hand what led up to Mann denying a TV interview about his work. Apparently, for Dr. Mann, Disneyland is not “the happiest place on earth”.

Roger Sowell  writes on May 18, 2012 at 11:17 pm:

Thanks, Anthony, for posting my small part in this rather interesting episode. I appreciate the link to my little blog, too! The Orange County Water Summit (at the Disneyland Grand Californian Hotel) was actually quite interesting, as water is also a favorite topic with me.

Regarding the question I asked, I tried to stay as close to the two short paragraphs as stated in the body of this post. I wrote it out on a piece of paper, and read it when my turn to ask arrived.

Here is what I asked to the best of my recollection (this can be confirmed if and when the video/audio is available):

“My question is for Dr. Mann. Dr Mann, in your 1998 paper co-authored with Dr. Briffa and Dr. Hughes, you showed a warming since 1960. The same hockey-stick graph was shown earlier today. However, you chose to not use tree core data after 1960 but instead to splice on the instrumental temperature record to in effect “hide the decline” of the trees after 1960.

How do you respond to the charge that the tree ring data was cherry picked to show a desired result, and that Mr. Steve McIntyre has falsified your work by showing that the premise of a hockey stick falls apart when all of the data is used?”

Mann then proceeded to state that my question had false information, since it was Bradley, not Briffa as co-author. OK, we can grant him that small point. He went on to say, as I emailed Anthony and shown in the post above, the decline is well-known but not understood; research is on-going; then dodged the question and called it “specious;” then made a plug for his book (about the third or fourth time, I believe) saying the warming is real and he addressed all this in his book.

There were a couple of other questions from skeptics, one related to Dr. Richard Lindzen of MIT. Mann replied that Lindzen is a maverick, and that the consensus is what we follow in science.

He stated that we don’t believe in Evolution theory simply because Darwin proposed it, but because it has withstood the test of time and many scientists’ verification for more than 100 years (I think I have his answer pretty close to verbatim).

Now, about the Nobel-prize: Mann stated at the outset that he did not win the Nobel prize, and explained that he merely shared in it as a contributing scientist to the IPCC, which organization did win.

I actually enjoyed Mann’s presentation, because it reminded me a bit of being in a final exam in university, where the goal is to spot the errors, omissions, and misleading statements. Mann’s presentation was full of such things. For example, he showed a graph of Arctic ice decline, during a segment on the many threads of evidence that proves the globe is warming. His graph stopped at 2007, at the lowest point in the record. He did not explain that the graph was for summer minimum extent, which I think it must have been. That cherry-picked endpoint made the graph take a dramatic downward trend, and was most impressive. And, very misleading because the minimum extent has stabilized and slightly increased since then.

Another was the latest 12 months in the USA being the hottest 12 month period on record. No mention of Europe or Asia, though, which just ended brutally cold and bitter winter.. Again, misleading.

Another was the intense rainfall on the East coast from hurricane (or was it tropical storm?) Irene. Mann stated that the intense rain was due in part to global warming, since the Atlantic Ocean was unusually warm when Irene passed over it and collected water vapor to dump on shore as rain. That raised my suspicions, since I have never heard that before; perhaps it is true; I just don’t know.

He also presented a graph to show how superbly well the climate models match the actual temperature trend since Dr. Hansen made his speech to congress in 1988. What he didn’t mention, though, is that the “actual data” has been severely manipulated and approximately half the warming is due to adjustments. His “actual data” also either 1) stopped before the recent leveling off, or 2) showed a warming for the past 12 or so years; I could not read the time-scale on the chart from my seat near the back of the room. Either way, that was (again) very misleading.

Finally, he showed the (is it obligatory?) photo of a polar bear on a tiny ice floe. He spent some time talking about his little daughter and how he wants to leave a good world for her. The polar bear on the ice floe was displayed during this portion of the speech. Again, extremely misleading since polar bears have plenty of ice on which to sit, and their numbers are growing, not declining.

Mann tied in global warming to the water topic, saying the models forecast a much more arid climate for the US southwest. This, of course, will make the existing water shortages in California and other Western states much, much worse. He then confused us all by saying it was not clear if more La Niñas or El Niños would prevail. He noted that global warming creates warmer oceans, which would mean more El Niños, which almost always bring more rain, not less. I must note, here, that the existence of multiple models, as Mann mentioned, is a clear indication that the science is not settled. My words not, not Mann’s, but if a person on a journey had 12 different maps, and took the average of the 12 routes and directions to his destination, one must wonder if he would reach the destination at all.

Thank you to all the commenters above for the kind words on my speech to the AIChE. That speech was a lot of fun, and it was rewarding to have a few college students from California State – Long Beach in attendance. They seemed to not be aware of any of the points I made, and it came as somewhat of a surprise to them.

Just a few words about the television interviews, that Dr. Mann declined and I accepted. I was asked by a very nice young lady to step out of the convention hall into the hallway, where she confirmed that I had asked the question of Dr. Mann. She then said that was an excellent question, and a news reporter from PBS would like to interview me, would I consent to the interview? I said I would be happy to do so. I met the reporter, David, and I apologize to him that I didn’t catch the last name. He’s a very interesting and quite nice fellow. We went through the preliminaries, my name, occupation, and he asked my affiliation. I told him I’m in solo practice and was here on my own, not representing any organization. That seemed to perplex him, and I stated that I am just one of many thousands of climate skeptics. Some others wanted to attend today but could not for various reasons, so I came alone. He seemed more relieved when he asked what kind of law I practice and I told him Climate Change law.

David (Nazar) then decided he wanted to interview Dr. Mann first, then me second to get the skeptic view. He asked me to step away and return in 10 minutes. I went back to the presentation and took my seat. I could see Dr. Mann across the room, and he went out for a few minutes then returned. So, I went back out to find David and his camera-man. At that point, David told me that he did not interview Dr. Mann after all. He said, and I’m paraphrasing here, that Dr. Mann refused the interview and got angry. I believe David told him that he was to be interviewed first, then me, although I was not identified by name but by the question I asked. It could be that Dr. Mann did not want to be interviewed then have a skeptic follow him, with no opportunity to rebut. This is just speculation on my part, though.

In the actual interview, David asked me a few of the questions he had intended to ask Dr. Mann, such as what is global warming, and what role does mankind play in this? I can’t recall my exact words, which should be available soon if and when the video is aired and placed on-line, but here is what I believe I said.

I said that global warming is the fact that the world has warmed somewhat, perhaps one degree F, in the past 150 years. The cause of the warming is mostly natural forces, since mankind has not placed much CO2 in the air until the past four decades.

He asked other questions, such as what is the skeptic view. I told him that I don’t believe that CO2 causes much, if any warming, and that the more important issue is global cooling due to the weak solar cycle.

David ended by asking why I thought Dr. Mann was so rude in his refusal to be interviewed, and I replied that I don’t know, but I do know he is party to some litigation. It is possible his attorneys have advised him not to do interviews. This is a pure guess on my part.

UPDATE: here’s a photo from Mr. Sowell at the event. Dr. Mann at the right under the “R”.

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Pamela Gray
May 20, 2012 9:48 am

No, the Sun is not likely one of them. So far, no measures of solar output variations can be used to describe solar influence as being “likely”.

May 20, 2012 9:59 am

Stephen Rasey, re grain storage:
Yes, I make this point in my speech. We have so little food grains stored that just one crop failure globally will result in massive starvation. We also have no time (as Joseph did) to grow extra crops and store them.
We presently pay farmers not to grow crops.
How stupid will that policy look in a few years?

Pamela Gray
May 20, 2012 10:10 am

My grandmother understood and preached us to enjoy warm weather, but always be prepared for cold weather.
She kept a store of discarded tires to act as heat sources for tomato plants. She kept a store of cold spring variety and warm spring variety seeds. She built window sized glassed movable boxes (made out of discarded windows and old barn lumber) to act as impromtu greenhouses. The veggies she grew varied depending on the onset and conditions of the spring she was experiencing. Top layer soil temperature compared to shovel depth soil temperature was one of her measures, as was the appearance, number, and condition of night crawlers. She had a ready made system of germinating seeds indoors when temperatures were too cold to plant directly into the soil. By pre-germinating seeds, she could still have warm-weather plants when spring temps was too cold to germinate those seeds in soil. The wisdom she had regarding working with growing conditions made me believe she could grow lettuce at the North Pole.

ferd berple
May 20, 2012 10:11 am

ferd berple says:
Your comment is awaiting moderation.
May 20, 2012 at 9:45 am
Dendro-Thermology is built on the premise that you can improve the accuracy of trees as a predictive tool by excluding those trees that do not correlate well with modern global temperature averages.
================
For example, looking at US data, I see that the states of LA, VA and SC exactly matched average US GDP last year at 2.6% change. Using the “climate science” logic of tree ring proxies, these three states should therefore provide a better prediction of past US GDP growth than if we were to use data from all 50 states.
Clearly there is a cause and effect relationship between the GDP of LA, VA and SC and the US national average. So if climate science is correct, then by eliminating those states that do not track well with current GDP we should get a better prediction of past GDP than if we were to include data from all 50 states.
In reality we do not. Just because LA, VA and SC match the current GDP doesn’t mean they will match over the long term. You get a much more accurate long term result by including all 50 states. This is the mathematical fallacy of tree ring science. It is based on faulty mathematics. It sounds logical but it isn’t.
Climate science based on selective use of tree ring proxies is no more valid than counting the lumps on someone’s head to predict intelligence. The problem mathematically is that you are comparing the individual to the average, and from that concluding that the individual predicts the average better than the group. It is nonsense.
For example. Take a group of 100 people and computer their growth in average income over the past 20 years. Now take the 5 individuals that for the past 2 years best match the average. Tree ring science would have us believe that these 5 individuals provide a better prediction for past incomes than if we took all 100 individuals. After all it is logical. The 5 better match current averages, so they should better match historical averages as well.
What this really speaks to is the quality of education, that so many would be duped into believing such an obvious error in logic.

Michael Whittemore
May 20, 2012 10:30 am

Darren Potter says:
May 20, 2012 at 7:21 am
The 2003 paper by Professor McKitrick and Steve McIntyre has not been accepted by the scientific community, so you have not “fixed” my statement. The National Center for Atmospheric Research confirmed the principal results of the original hockey stick done by Mann (http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/ccr/ammann/millennium/refs/Wahl_ClimChange2007.pdf).
ferd berple says:
May 20, 2012 at 9:45 am
Tree ring data is a great proxy record, when they compare them to instrumental records they correlate almost perfectly as shown in this graph (http://www.skepticalscience.com/images/Divergence_Tree_Growth_Temp.gif) which is from this paper (http://eas8001.eas.gatech.edu/papers/Briffa_et_al_PTRS_98.pdf). Also you don’t reduce the number of tree ring proxy’s you use before 1960’s, you try and increase them, so that you can average out any of the ones that might not be a good proxy record.
At the end of the day, Mann took all the criticism and created a temperature reconstruction without tree ring proxy’s (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/mann2008/mann2008.html).

ferd berple
May 20, 2012 10:46 am

Pamela Gray says:
May 20, 2012 at 9:48 am
No, the Sun is not likely one of them. So far, no measures of solar output variations can be used to describe solar influence as being “likely”.
=========
This is in large part due to the focus on TSI to describe the Sun’s effect on climate. Since the TSI does vary much, the sun cannot play much of a role in climate.
Any amateur radio (Ham) operator can tell you that the is a HUGE change in radio propagation within the solar cycle and from one cycle to the next. Any by HUGE I mean HUGE. This is a direct measure of the sun’s effect on the earth’s atmosphere. Completely unpredicted by the change in TSI.
Clearly there is something going on within the sun from one solar cycle to the next that has a huge effect on the earth’s atmosphere that is not predicted by the TSI. To suggest this has no effect on climate is illogical. If the sun has only limited effect on climate, then why does it have such a profound effect on atmospheric ionization levels?
Having said that, I do agree with Pamela that we should not rule out any causes simply because the sun might look like a good explanation. That is the mistake that was made with CO2.

ferd berple
May 20, 2012 11:26 am

Michael Whittemore says:
May 20, 2012 at 10:30 am
At the end of the day, Mann took all the criticism and created a temperature reconstruction without tree ring proxy’s (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/mann2008/mann2008.html).
==========
Any competent mathematician that is free to chose which proxies to include and which methodology to employ can create anything they want to show. Any time you allow the researcher any sort of a choice you introduce the unconscious bias of the researcher into the result, which leads to an under-estimate of the error in the results.
Thus the need for double-blind controls. Thus the need for archiving and independent confirmation by a hostile researcher. Not only are these not present in much of climate science, as we see from the climategate emails there is an active program to prevent disclose of contrary results and data.
The important point is not what you can show with the data, but whether the data can also show a contrary result with a different methodology. If it can, then the result is likely not robust. This is the control that is missing from climate science, which has lead to an explosion of false positives. An overconfidence in the significance of the result.
The problem is that other researchers then build on this shaky foundation, and generations of pseudo science results. Billions of dollars that could have been spent productively end up wasted, and the economy goes into the toilet with massive debt the result.
China and India boom as consumers pay the cost of moving factories and jobs offshore to save the planet from CO2, while in the end there is no reduction in CO2 whatsoever. All that has happened is that consumers have picked up the tab to move the factories, rather than the manufacturers themselves. The jobs have left, In its place are massive debts owed to China, and the CO2 has returned carried on the wind.

ferd berple
May 20, 2012 11:35 am

Michael Whittemore says:
May 20, 2012 at 10:30 am
Also you don’t reduce the number of tree ring proxy’s you use before 1960′s, you try and increase them, so that you can average out any of the ones that might not be a good proxy record.
==========
apparently climate science hasn’t gotten your memo:
http://www.pnas.org/content/105/36/13252.full
“Of the 1,209 proxy records in the full dataset, 484 (40%) pass the temperature-screening process over the full (1850–1995) calibration interval (Fig. 1; see also SI Text and Table S1).”
Deno-thermology continues to remain a pseudo science. The temperature-screening process is statistically invalid. It is cherry picking which falsely increases the confidence interval while reducing the accuracy. It is garbage science based of false logic.

ferd berple
May 20, 2012 11:49 am

Michael Whittemore says:
May 20, 2012 at 10:30 am
Also you don’t reduce the number of tree ring proxy’s you use before 1960′s, you try and increase them, so that you can average out any of the ones that might not be a good proxy record.
=============
If increasing the tree’s before 1960 averages out those that might not be a good proxy record, then the same logic must apply for those trees after 1960. You would want to increase the number of tree ring proxy’s you use after 1960 for the very same reason you use those before 1960, to average out any ones that might not be a good proxy.
The simple fact is that there is no valid reason to exclude tree’s post 1960, except that is the exact same time that temperatures started to increase. It is this period, post 1960’s that the IPCC says cannot be explained by anything other than CO2. At the exact point at which there is a problem in explaining the temperature record, this is the exact same point where climate science has cannot explain the divergence problem.
Coincidence? Not likely. It simply means that something happened around the 1960’s that climate science hasn’t considered.

May 20, 2012 12:26 pm

“Thus the need for double-blind controls.”
Also the need not to use data sets upside down.
Also the need to admit that it happened once it has been shown that it happened, and to stop citing studies in which it happened.
RTF

May 20, 2012 2:07 pm

Self-correction, if I may. Above, at May 19, 2012 at 1:53 pm, I incorrectly stated “. . . CO2 continues to increase by approximately 2 or 3 percent each year, . . .”
That should have been ” 2 or 3 parts per million each year.”

papiertigre
May 20, 2012 2:17 pm

Richard T. Fowler says:
Also the need not to use data sets upside down.
Also the need to admit that it happened once it has been shown that it happened, and to stop citing studies in which it happened.

I get a kick out of it when alarmist mutts, like Michael Whittemore, write up what they think is a scathing rebuttal (for the detriment of fresh visitors) and then plug Mann ’08 as their trump card.
Cue the “Wheel of Fortune” bankrupt sound.
Awwwwww.

ttfn
May 20, 2012 2:41 pm

“and that the consensus is what we follow in science. ” — I wish someone would ask Mann exactly how this consensus was achieved so quickly. Einstein had to wait longer to achieve consensus on Special Relativity, which is far less complicated than climate and is still being tested. Okay, Mann, you have consensus. Tell us how it was achieved. I’m thinking it was in some smoke-filled room at the UN and you’re nothing more than a useful idiot. The least you can do is show us the minutes of the alleged “debate” that’s now officially over.

May 20, 2012 3:07 pm

Thank you to all who wrote comments above, for the kind words and support. Actually, the Water Summit was quite interesting, and I had fun watching and listening to Dr. Mann. Asking the question was also great fun, and hearing him duck and dodge in his answer.
I highly recommend the experience, not only for Dr. Mann, but for any of “The Team” scientists, wherever they speak in public. Any one of us in the “army of independent skeptics” can do this. I just happened to be available that day at Disneyland.
If the event’s protocol requires us to identify ourselves before asking the question, how cool would it be to say your name, then “I’m in the army of independent skeptics.”
Let’s roll…. or, as we say in Texas, “Saddle Up.!”

mfo
May 20, 2012 3:07 pm

Climate ‘Wars’ is not about the irony of a ‘Peace’ Prize it is about an Ostrich:
“When an ostrich buries its head in the sand as danger approaches, it very likely takes the happiest course. It hides the danger, and then calmly says there is no danger; and, if it feels perfectly sure there is none, why should it raise its head to see?”
CAGW is not about science but the will of the state and institutions of climate science:
“Let the will of the state act, then, instead of that of the individual. Let an institution be created which shall have for its object to keep correct doctrines before the attention of the people, to reiterate them perpetually, and to teach them to the young; having at the same time power to prevent contrary doctrines from being taught, advocated, or expressed.
“Let all possible causes of a change of mind be removed from men’s apprehensions. Let them be kept ignorant, lest they should learn of some reason to think otherwise than they do. Let their passions be enlisted, so that they may regard private and unusual opinions with hatred and horror.
“Then, let all men who reject the established belief be terrified into silence. Let the people turn out and tar-and-feather such men, or let inquisitions be made into the manner of thinking of suspected persons, and, when they are found guilty of forbidden beliefs, let them be subjected to some signal punishment.
“When complete agreement could not otherwise be reached, a general massacre of all who have not thought in a certain way has proved a very effective means of settling opinion in a country.
“If the power to do this be wanting, let a list of opinions be drawn up, to which no man of the least independence of thought can assent, and let the faithful be required to accept all these propositions, in order to segregate them as radically as possible from the influence of the rest of the world.”
Apocalyptic climate science as it is currently practiced is simply belief:
“The force of habit will sometimes cause a man to hold on to old beliefs, after he is in a condition to see that they have no sound basis. But reflection upon the state of the case will overcome these habits, and he ought to allow reflection its full weight. People sometimes shrink from doing this, having an idea that beliefs are wholesome which they cannot help feeling rest on nothing.”
A science book should essentially be about integrity of belief:
“But, above all, let it be considered that what is more wholesome than any particular belief is integrity of belief, and that to avoid looking into the support of any belief from a fear that it may turn out rotten is quite as immoral as it is disadvantageous.
The person who confesses that there is such a thing as truth, which is distinguished from falsehood……. and then, though convinced of this, dares not know the truth and seeks to avoid it, is in a sorry state of mind indeed.”
With thanks to C. S. Peirce

Jeff Alberts
May 20, 2012 5:10 pm

Darren Potter says:
May 19, 2012 at 1:45 pm
In regards to Mann not being interviewed and past reporting (cough) on AGW… The hypocriticalness of media on AGW is damming of them.

“Hypocriticalness”?? Really?

Darren Potter
May 20, 2012 5:57 pm

Michael Whittemore says – “The 2003 paper by Professor McKitrick and Steve McIntyre has not been accepted by the scientific community, … ” “National Center for Atmospheric Research confirmed the principal results …” “so you have not “fixed” my statement”
Your in serious Denial!
#1 Your so called “scientific community” is anything but. We have seen the trail of emails that show what kind of group of people Global Warming Alarmists really are. “Hide the Decline!” Just Gleick it! Mann hiding his H.S. work.
#2 Stating NCAR confirmed the principal results is about as credible as having the IPCC do a movie review on Al Gore’s Inconvenient Truth.
#3 The “annual temperature reconstruction over 1400–1980 is examined”. How convenient that narrow window, despite Mann’s Hockeysticking out into the future. Never mind the past that wouldn’t fit…
#4 But most importantly, Mother Nature has shown Mann’s up schtick to be WRONG!
When are the supporters and backers of Mann, Hansen, Gore, Jones, going to get it through their heads the aforementioned lost all credibility when they colluded with each other to cover up scientific results, manipulated data, and hid information that ran counter to their Global Warming Alarm-ism? When are the supporters and backers of AGW going to realize that no papers, even Peered-reviewed papers coming out of the AGW encampment are going to carry any weight, given the past unethical and unscientific behaviors of AGW alarmists?
Thus one again: “but before that time Mannipulated tree ring data semi correlated with some cherry picked proxy’s and even the biased instrumental records, well sort of.”
PS: The basis of AGW, that man made CO2 is causing Global Warming is Unscientific, knowing that man made CO2 contributes less than 0.12% as Greenhouse gas.

Darren Potter
May 20, 2012 6:09 pm

Jeff Alberts says – “Hypocriticalness”?? Really?
Shore eNuff! 😉
Urban Dictionary – The act of being a hypocrit. “i moderate a help channel but break the very rules it enforces! i love the hypocriticalness of this situation”

May 20, 2012 6:20 pm

Jim Macdonald says:
May 19, 2012 at 3:58 pm
What a coincidence. I saw the same Mann talk at the Univ.of Connecticut recently.
I asked him one final question before he abrubtly left.
” What do you have to say about the recent study by Zunli Lu, et. al. as well as others that support the fact that the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age weren’t just some local phenomena, but were more widespread” . Mann sloughed it off by saying that he had contacted the author and he had renounced his findings. I find that hard to believe since it was a peer reviewed paper by a group of authors. (below). Just the fact that each event lasted more than a hundred years should mean that they could hardly be localized.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1 April 2012
Zunli Lu | Rosalind E.M. Rickaby | Hilary Kennedy | Paul Kennedy | Richard D. Pancost | Samuel Shaw | Alistair Lennie | Julia Wellner | John B. Anderson
=================================================================
Out of curiosity, did Zunli Lu actually renounce his findings or was it just Mann?
Someone keeps repeating that Mann has made Hockey Sticks without Yamal 06. I don’t know how much these Hockey Stick “reconstructions” are costing the tax payers but I can contruct one real cheap. Just duct tape a yard stick to a boomerang!
(Of course, if someone examines it closely that method may come back to haunt me ….)

Jeff Alberts
May 20, 2012 7:40 pm

Darren, it would help to use a smiley or something, so people know when not to take you seriously.

richardscourtney
May 21, 2012 11:39 am

Hu McCulloch:
At May 19, 2012 at 11:15 am you say;

“MBH98-99 apparently did substitute instrumental data after 1980 to compute its smoothed version of the HS up to 1980 (“Mike’s Nature Trick”), but in the MBH papers the effect of that was fairly subtle. It was Jones’ later use of the same trick in the WMO graph that gave a completely misleading impression.
So in fact Mann was correct to say that your question contained false information, since you were accusing him of someone else’s deception rather than his own.”

Really? It was not Mann’s deception but that of Phil Jones at a later date?
OK. I will buy that if you explain why it was “Mike’s Nature Trick” and not ‘Phil’s Nature trick’.
Richard
PS I have tried to use “blockquote” and “bold”. I apologise if this has gone wrong in any way.

Gail Combs
May 21, 2012 12:17 pm

Darren Potter says:
May 20, 2012 at 5:57 pm
….When are the supporters and backers of Mann, Hansen, Gore, Jones, going to get it through their heads the aforementioned lost all credibility….
____________________________
When the insiders finish shearing the sheep. It should be any day now. Green Energy has been hyped to the max and is starting to fray around the edges with Germany and Spain backing off supplying Tax dollars. The idea is to scam the tax payers then hype the stock to sky high prices just before bailing and leaving the gullible holding a bankrupt company worth nothing while the insiders make out like Robber Barons. see my comment here http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/05/20/open-thread-weekend-11/#comment-990364
I really doubt they can continue the Con much longer but the average humans may be gullible enough to allow the scam to continue awhile longer.

PiperPaul
May 21, 2012 3:49 pm

I forget the exact words of Feynman…
This: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=b240PGCMwV0 ?
Excellent.
PiperPaul

John T
May 23, 2012 1:23 pm

“Another was the latest 12 months in the USA being the hottest 12 month period on record. ”
Is that true? Was Alaska included, or just the continental US?

May 23, 2012 1:57 pm

John T, it’s for CONUS, shown here, slide 5
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/briefings/201205.pdf

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