Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach
I recently had the great pleasure of going back for a week to Alaska, where I’ve spent many exhilarating summers. I was reminded of the winter cold by seeing all of the electrical outlets by the parking meters in Fairbanks. Every car that is parked there in the winter plugs in their “block heater”. This is an electrical heating element that keeps the engine block of the car from getting so cold that the engine refuses to start.
Figure 1. Fairbanks monthly temperatures, averaged by decade. You can see the huge change in these sub-Arctic temperature over the last eighty years … or not …
That started me thinking about how much energy it might take to heat a car in Fairbanks, versus the energy to drive it around. Here’s how I would do a back of the envelope calculation for a place like Fairbanks, just below the Arctic Circle.
Block heaters run from about 500 watts to a high of 4,000 watts. Most seem to be in the range of one thousand watts, a kilowatt (kW).
In Fairbanks, the average temperature is below freezing for seven months out of the year. So to calculate total use, we could estimate that heater usage will average out to say four months of the year, fulltime. So the car will be drawing a kilowatt at all times except when it is being driven. Call it 23 hours a day.
So 23 hours / day times 1/3 year times 365.25 days / year times 1 kilowatt = 2,800 kilowatt-hours (kW-h) per year.
The price of residential electrical energy in Fairbanks is about 19 cents per kW-h. So that’s about $500 worth of electricity per year …
Gas (petrol) prices in Fairbanks were about US$3.80 per gallon when I was there. Assume 10,000 miles driven per year, and say 25 miles per gallon fuel efficiency for the car. That’s 400 gallons of gas, worth about $1,500.
My envelope tells me that the Fairbanks car might have a total energy cost of say $2,000 per year.
So car-owners of Fairbanks, when the EPA Police want to arrest you because you haven’t kicked your evil fossil fuel habit, tell them they’re too late — a quarter of the energy to run Fairbanks cars is already electrical, you are already so green it hurts.
(Don’t tell them that due to local conditions and US opposition to nuclear power, Fairbanks electricity all comes from fossil fuels … those kind of folks need their illusions.
w.
PS—Before anyone accuses me of being paranoid about the EPA Police, consider this:
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At least in Sweden it is not usual to run the engine heater continuously. One uses a timer set to start the heater an hour or two before the car is needed. This works well for cars used for commuting, but of course is not practical for cars that might be needed at any time and at short notice.
|Its nice to see that the US still has “Wanted ” posters
We can’t have them in Britain in case we infringe a criminal’s Human Rights!
I live in Alaska.
December, January, and February is Fairbanks harshest months.
Most people leave their car running.
Period.
Without a heated garage, its just best to leave your car/truck running.
If its 40 below and no end in sight, its just better to leave your car running 24/7.
And that’s with a plug-in to your battery blanket, engine block and in-line radiator heating elements.
Reminds me of the Tom Cruise character in the movie “Rain Man”, except that it wasn’t so serious a crime back then.
I need more information on Americas most wanted, Allessandro Giordano.
Did he import Frigging Fiats or Fabulous Ferraris?
A bit oversimplified IMO, Willis, (as per first commenter) but a valid point nonetheless. I personally get really peed off with the greenies harping on about electric cars and ‘green’ electricity. These people simply do not understand the electricty generation system or how it works. Sure, we can put as many wind farms and solar powers on the system as they like (don’t agree with the real environmental impact though!) but it will never produce 100% electricty all of the time. perhaps if we fitted the greenies cars/tv’s/mobiles with cut out switches to turn them off whenever there is no ‘green’ power available, they may just get the point!
I would guess that your estimate of 10,000 miles per year driven is on the low side. The US average is something like 15k. Alaska has more wide open space, and much less public transport.
You also skipped over some interesting calculations on using electric cars in Alaska.
Things like how much power would be required to heat the car, and how much degradation there would be in battery performance at low temperatures (if there is actually any performance at all!).
While there are those of us who can probably recall pouring hot water over a car battery to get enough cranking power to start an engine, that hardly seems viable for electric powered cars. Further the battery mass may be somewhat higher than that serviced by a crankcase heater.
Is that wanted add for real?
Tell them to “Fuccardi-de-offa!”
Max
I agree with the fun spirit of the calculation, but to do it right, you would need to do more research. I have spent some time in Alaska, and saw vehicles which had multiple heaters; for the oil, the coolant, and the battery. Some of these heaters likely have thermostats too, so they would not be on continuously. Kinda makes the calculation non-trivial when you have to deal with multiple things going on simultaneously- reminds me of those who attempt to calculate climate…
The very idea of using a true electric car, like the LEAF, in the far north is insane. The cold saps so much battery power that even the longest-range electric car would be reduced to virtually no distance at all. Especially considering the extra power needed to move the vehicle through snow.
If your car fails when it’s 60 below and you’re not right in town, you’re as good as dead (unless you’ve got a lot of survival gear, which, granted, is always wise to have anyway). With a gas-powered car, even if you get stuck in a ditch or something, at least you can run the engine, and thus the heater, until help happens along. And you can carry extra cans of gas for the really long stretches between towns (and they’re ALL really long stretches between towns in Alaska and the Yukon).
And finally power goes out all the time in Alaska. Often for weeks at a time; I remember at least twice being without power for over a month — both times right around Christmas, when it’s coldest.
I’d sooner dogsled than drive an electric car in the arctic. I’d be a lot more confident I could refuel my dogs.
In Winnipeg plug-ins were common in parking lots at work, etc. Also, during 40below weather, one often also brought their battery inside to keep warm. Leaving your car running in Edmonton, Alberta, I believe is still practiced – if you want to go in for a beer or something to eat you don’t turn your car off. In many warmer parts of Canada, you would probably invite car theft for joy riding if you practiced this way to keep your car warm in winter.
Well your 10,000 mpy and one hour per day driving time says an average speed of 10,000/365 = 27 mph average. That seems pretty low to me; unless Fairbanks has a huge number of traffic lights that keep your car stopped most of the time.
I drive a Subaru Legacy ins Si Valley (actually two f them) and on level roads, at 45 mph, such as a couple of crosstown “expressways”, I get beteween 50 and 55 mpg (instantaneous). The car has an instantaneous mpg readout, as well as an average trip mpg. Then it has a needle like a rate of climb indicaor, that shows whether you are doing above or below the trip average mpog, so you can drive accordingly. When someone cuts in front of me, and then slows down (they always do that) or when one of the dumb traffic lights turns red, then my mpg drops and goes to zero at the light.
The Silicon Valley traffic control algorithm is very simple; a two year old child can make better traffic decisions. The core of the algorithm is “who should I let go ?” So most lights are mostly red, most of the time. If they made a simple change to the algorithm so that it is: “Who should I stop ?”, then most traffic lights would be mostly green, most of the time, and we would likely save about all of the oil that we currently import.
So my 50-55 running mpg averages 27-28 mpg as a result of all the zeros.
Well those lights are programmed by the same sort of people who gave us Micro$oft Windows, so that explains it.
Hopefully, Fairbanks never gets to the same traffic light density Si Valley has. They do breed, you know. You put in a traffic light to solve one imagined traffic situation, and that light backs up traffic for at least six blocks in all directions, creating new traffic problems so pretty soon you have to install at least one more set of traffic lights somewhere else. It won’t be long before that light comes into heat, and spawns another new light.
A couple of weeks ago, a third world person was crossing the road near my house, in the middle of the block and (s)he got hit by a car and killed. So now they are digging up that street, and the next street over, and the connecting cross street, to install new traffic lights, where none is needed. That will attract even more third world persons to the very same spot so they too can be killed by passing cars. It would have been so much easier if that person, had simply looked both ways, and not crossed until it is clear. The principal advantage of crossing in the middle of the block where there are no traffic lights, is that there IS only traffic coming from two directions to run you down. After they put in the lights, then you go there so that the traffic can run you down from four directions at once.
In some countries, they have some quite crazy pedestrian control ideas: such as “either cars move, or pedestrians move; but never both at the same time.” Well then you can let the pedestrians all go in four directions at once (actually it is a total of 12 directions at once) so you get everyone to their destination in a single pedestrian period, and nO cars move in ANY direction at that time; and now there is only one pedestrian period instead of two or four, or even 12, depending on who pushed the button.
With enough traffic lights in Fairbanks, you could have the cars freezing up anyway, while stopped at traffic lights.
I always wonder about the poor pilgrim wandering about rural Minnesota or some of the more severe Winter states in his fully electric car, who happens to end up stuffed in a ditch on a low traffic back road in the middle of the night. Between the power consumed to keep the batteries operational and the power to run the heater, I would expect it might be a pretty nervous night for such folks. Even in a gas powered vehicle that is not a very comfortable scenario, but if you keep your tank topped up and remember to check that the exhaust hasn’t been covered up periodically it is more of an inconvenience than an opportunity for existential terror.
Admittedly the near ubiquity of cellphones makes the prospect of having to spend long hours awaiting rescue much less likely, but Mr. Murphy is also ubiquitous and he will always be doing his best to guarantee that, if you do end up in such a situation, it will be at one of the few places where coverage isn’t available.
If somebody did gift me with one of these electric wonders I think, before I ventured very far off the beaten path, I’d want to conduct a little driveway experiment to see what kind of duration I could expect with the heater going full blast and the temp 10-30 below F.
A few modifications and additions:
Electricity prices in Fairbanks are high because the area is without significant access to natural gas. A portion of Fairbanks’ electric power is purchased from Anchorage where it is generated with natural gas. The local electric company also is a participant in the Bradley Lake hydroelectric facility, the energy from which moves over the Alaska Intertie to Fairbanks.
While the Obama regime is officially supportive of the Alaska North Slope Natural Gas Line project which would move North Slope natural gas to the lower forty-eight states and Canada, their fellow travelers in the environmental movement will do probably anything to prevent this project from happening.
Loss of electric power in Fairbanks in the winter is not a joke — it can be a matter of life and death. The same is true of a car that stalls out away from others and will not restart.
Electric cars are supposed to be the salvation of the Earth, they are clean, quiet and there are no emissions because they do not have exhausts. So no CO, CO2, NO2.
It sounds like Green Utopia, BUT the following is true:
1) Car engine uses chemical energy to heat energy to mechanical energy.
2) Electric car uses chemical (plus minute amounts of nuclear and wind) energy to heat energy to electrical energy to mechanical energy.
At each stage of energy conversion there are losses, electric cars cause more pollution than petrol/diesel cars because of that extra energy conversion. Also there are power losses in electricity cables caused by the resistance of the wires.
Basically anyone running an electric car is deluding themselves if they think that they are harming the environment less than someone with a car which has an internal combustion engine.
Provided of course that the internal combustion engine in question, is not bigger than 4 litres and is not a V8.
I love V8 engines!
Now you’ve gone and drawn attention to Alaskan block heaters. If incandescent light bulbs can be banned on politically correct grounds, what do you suppose will happen to electric block heaters? I envision a “vegetarian sled dog” movement coming our way soon.
Very cold climates are one of the places electric cars have an advantage over petrol vehicles, precisely because they can start in very cold temperatures.
There have always been niches where electric vehicles made sense. More than 50 years ago in the UK, our and everyone else’s milk was delivered by an electric vehicle that drove the same fixed route every day, with a large number of stops and starts.
Powering electric vehicles from solar/wind is a good solution to what to do with electricity from these sources. It makes more sense than feeding the electricity into the grid IMO.
But electric vehicles are still impractical for most people and applications. Then there are the polluting processes like battery manufacturing that get outsourced to places like China, and the toxic timebomb of billions of discarded batteries.
Has the EPA arranged for a drone to get Alessandro in Naples or wherever?
Philip Peake said, “I would guess that your estimate of 10,000 miles per year driven is on the low side. The US average is something like 15k. Alaska has more wide open space, and much less public transport.”
The US Department of Transportation reports that Alaska has 15,719 miles of public roads, sixth smallest of all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2009/hm20.cfm
I grew up in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. You don’t need to go as far north as Alaska to experience -40 C/F in the winter, sometimes for several days in a row. We had block heaters in every car we owned. Around Dec 1, a sheet of cardboard was inserted in front of the radiator to reduce the heat loss that the radiator experienced when driving around town. The cars parked in the garage were on a timer that would power the block heaters about 4 hours before the car was needed in the morning. The other car was parked outside, and had a block heater running all the time when it was parked. One dead-calm, overcast morning at -35 C, even with the block heater running all night, the engine barely turned over, and then the fan belt shattered, as in hundreds of little bits. Good times.
Citizens of Fairbanks will have a little more trouble kicking the petrol habit than we-uns in more temperate states.
Jonathan Welsh in the Wall Street Journal
George E. Smith,
The USA could reduce delays, save energy and increase safety by replacing most traffic lights and a large proportion of stop signs with roundabouts.
This is one area the government should take a leading role in. As people go from resistance to roundabouts to liking them once they experience them.
The money being thrown at solar panel manufacturers, etc, would save a great deal more energy if spent on installing roundabouts and educating people about them.
Gary Pearse says:
October 2, 2011 at 4:42 pm
In Winnipeg plug-ins were common in parking lots at work, etc. Also, during 40below weather, one often also brought their battery inside to keep warm. Leaving your car running in Edmonton, Alberta, I believe is still practiced – if you want to go in for a beer or something to eat you don’t turn your car off. In many warmer parts of Canada, you would probably invite car theft for joy riding if you practiced this way to keep your car warm in winter.
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Two sets of keys. I drive diesels and even in New England you leave the engine running when it gets to minus 30F and you can not plug the engine block heater in.
I love the block heaters. With a trickle charger to the battery and the block heater plugged in my little rabbit diesel Pickup was the only car in my apartment complex to start one very cold New England day. I had to jump start the rest of the building – snicker.
“…It would have been so much easier if that person, had simply looked both ways, and not crossed until it is clear.” –George E. Smith
Personal responsibility is so mid-Twentieth Century.
/sarc