People send me stuff.
Never mind the other aerosol sources, it was the Fat Man and Little Boy.
From the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics April 2011, these claims:
- Atmospheric nuclear explosions induced the stagnation in global warming in the mid 20th century.
- Atmospheric nuclear explosions can be regarded as full-scale in situ tests for nuclear winter.
- Global warming will be better predicted by considering atmospheric nuclear explosions’ effects.
The paper is: Fujii, Yoshiaki, 2011: The role of atmospheric nuclear explosions on the stagnation of global warming in the mid 20th century
Here’s the abstract, the HadCRUT -vs- nukes graph follows:
“This study suggests that the cause of the stagnation in global warming in the mid 20th century was the atmospheric nuclear explosions detonated between 1945 and 1980. The estimated GST drop due to fine dust from the actual atmospheric nuclear explosions based on the published simulation results by other researchers (a single column model and Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model) has served to explain the stagnation in global warming. Atmospheric nuclear explosions can be regarded as full-scale in situ tests for nuclear winter. The non-negligible amount of GST drop from the actual atmospheric explosions suggests that nuclear winter is not just a theory but has actually occurred, albeit on a small scale. The accuracy of the simulations of GST by IPCC would also be improved significantly by introducing the influence of fine dust from the actual atmospheric nuclear explosions into their climate models; thus, global warming behavior could be more accurately predicted.”
Somewhere, Carl Sagan is laughing.
Here’s a composite overlay graph of HadCRUT3 global temperatures from 1945-2010 via WoodforTrees.org onto the bar graph of known nuclear explosions for the same period from Wikipedia:
If the premise is true, one wonders how Trinity, Nagasaki, and Hiroshima started the sharp downtrend in global temperature in 1945, followed by Crossroads in 1946. These were all quite small in comparison to what followed.
Here’s the list of nuclear tests.
UPDATE: As Mike Lorrey points out in comments, after the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963, nuclear tests were conducted underground. How then did the cooling of the 1970’s occur if the premise presented in this peer reviewed paper is true? I’ve updated the graph above to reflect this.
Quick, someone think of the bananas.
Here is Fujii’s home page:
http://rock.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/fujii/index.html
According to his paper, “It was also clarified that efforts to mitigate temperature rise by reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emission will result in unbearable economic loss or, on the contrary, economic growth, more CO2 emission and more fossil energy consumption depending on assumptions. The unnecessary efforts, anyway, should be immediately stopped and the efforts for population stabilization and other important issues should be urgently begun.”
http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/40226
Some alternative views on climate change are here in Japanese:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99%E6%84%9F%E5%BA%A6
Wow! isn’t this a bit of a band wagon? And as Izen says, apparently in the abscence of any evidence. And while I am skeptical about the effects of particulate matter from the atmospheric nuclear tests, I’m not so sure about many other effects which those tests generated. In particular I’m thinking about the production of NOx’s and the subsequent destruction of ozone resulting in variations in the transmissivity of the atmosphere.
In the 10th Sept 1981 issue of New Scientist, John Gribbin reviews research by Russian scientists K Y Kondratyev and G A Nikolsky who, in the 1960’s were studying the variations in the heat of the sun and the absorbtion properties of the atmosphere.
As Gribbin says, they point out that the ozone consentration varies in inverse proportion to the amont of nitrogen oxides present in the atmosphere. They also note that the fire ball from an atmospheric nuclear explosion reaches a height of 30-40km and each megatonne releases 10³² molecules of NOx. NO2 which is a major part of this output lasts about four years in the atmosphere, they say.
Their estimates from the nuclear tests up to the test ban treaty in 1963 is that at that point there was a total figure of 980Mt “equivalent NOx power” in the atmosphere at the beginning of 1963.
They estimate that between latitudes 25 and 85 degrees north each square centimetre
of the surface had a burden of NOx above it to reduce the flux of solar radiation at the top of the troposphere by about 2.5%. Which fits the balloon observations of the time, and the weather of the time.
While any such effects from nuclear tests would have disipated since the test ban treaty, constant similar effects to the atmosphere’s chemistry and its transmissivity from solar proton events and the solar cyle have been shown to be much greater in continuous research done from the 1970’s.
I think the continued ignoring of these facts will cause much embarrassment in the future.
Image Exif data is useful to for image forensics. But EXIF data won’t tell you too much – the user might have loaded the photo into something like Photoshop just to crop it the way he wanted. Site Photoshopped Image Killer is beyond that, it mines structural information from image content and classifies image as original or altered based on that.