From techno-science.net This tip came in on our tip & notes page, and at first I was quite surprised because I could not see a possible mechanism for it. Then as I read the translation (from French) it started to make more sense. I’ll point out my friend Jim Goodridge published an essay on WUWT about correlation of the PDO and rainfall with LOD: California Climate, PDO, LOD, and Sunspot Departure
Here’s the graph from the current article of interest:
And here’s some excerpts describing possible mechanisms:
Some authors, notably Bourget et al (1992), had begun to reveal correlations between solar activity and the length of day, and more recently, Abarca del Rio et al (2003) and Winkelnkemper (2008) in his thesis noted that the amplitude of the component semi-annual (6 months period) of the length of day and atmospheric angular momentum were anti-correlated with changes in the same period of the ” solar constant (the solar constant expresses the amount of solar energy (actually a lighting power) which would be one …) “.
What could be the link between certain changes in day length, the zonal winds and solar activity? To help answer this question, The Mouël and colleagues analyzed a series of 48 years (from 1962 to 2009) of daily measurements of the length of day, the service provided by the International Earth Rotation and systems reference located at the Observatoire de Paris. They have extracted the component of period 6 months and showed significant variations in the amplitude of this component, about 30%, they compared the one hand the number of sunspots (the Wolf number, a traditional indicator of solar activity measured for several centuries) and also the flux of galactic cosmic ray.
The authors show a good correlation between these three parameters, more precisely (Figure), it is the evolution of cosmic rays and the amplitude of the semi-annual day length are correlated (correlation coefficient the order of 0.7), and are in phase. The correlation is improved when we remove the curve (In geometry, the word curve or curved line designates certain subsets of the plan, the usual space. ,…) example of day length linear trend which could be related to phenomena occurring in the nucleus. It is established also that variations in cosmic rays are out of phase with sunspots and shifted about a year (this is attributed to the mechanism of modulation of galactic cosmic rays by the solar wind (solar wind is a stream plasma consisting essentially of ions and electrons are ejected from the high …) and its magnetic field).
How the speed of rotation of the Earth can it be sensitive to the modulation of cosmic rays?
The answer is in the system of winds. Those who contribute most to the seasonal variations of angular momentum are the winds of relatively low altitude (Altitude is the vertical elevation of a place or object relative to a baseline.) below 30km . Taking an average over a year (A year is a unit expressing the duration of time between two occurrences of an event linked to the revolution …), the difference between radiation (Radiation is energy transfer under form of waves or particles, which can occur by radiation …) received from the Sun ((weight percent)) and one that is emitted by the Earth outward into the great length of wave (A wave is the propagation of a disturbance occurring on its passage a reversible variation of properties …) (IR) is positive towards the equator and negative beyond 40 degrees latitude (Latitude is an angular value, expression north-south position of a point on Earth (or another …).
This latitude gradient must be balanced by a flow of energy (in the common sense energy means anything that allows a work, making the heat, …) from the equator to the poles: the transportation (transport, from the Latin trans, beyond, and portare wearing is wearing something, or someone one, a place …) is provided by the Southern movements (that is to say along the geographic meridians) of the atmosphere, averaged in longitude (Longitude is an angular value, expressing the position east-west from a point on Earth (or another …), and eddies. The zonal winds are the result of this transport because of conservation of angular momentum: going to the poles is approached the axis of rotation of the Earth and changes in this distance must be compensated by changes in speed. The seasonal variations in insolation lead to variations of the same period of the carriage along the meridians and, from there, the mean zonal winds.
…
There is another route by which clouds can be affected: the atmosphere is indeed penetrated by a vertical electric current of a few nano-Ampere per square meter (the meter (the meter (symbol m, the Greek metron, measure) is the basic unit of length in the International System. … It is defined) square (a square is a regular polygon with four sides is a quadrilateral that is both a rectangle (it a. ..) ( symbol m) is the unit area of the international system.), which fluctuates with the ionospheric currents and therefore the solar activity. These vertical currents electrically charged clouds and, again, change their micro-physical state. Both mechanisms can indeed co-exist. What characterizes them is that those variations induced by solar activity is measured in tenths of a percent and not in parts per thousand. That’s where the important niche amplification (We are talking about force amplifier for a whole range of systems that amplify the efforts: mechanics ,…) of the phenomenon.
Thus, the Earth (specifically the mantle), the rotation is accelerated or slowed according to the fluctuations of cosmic rays under the influence of solar activity through the zonal winds, provide a wonderful device integration variations in atmospheric angular momentum and zonal wind circulation that it is difficult to measure directly.
Full article and translation here
h/t to WUWT reader Steward
Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, Le Mouël et ses collègues ont analysé une série de 48 années (de 1962 à 2009) de mesures journalières de la longueur du jour, fournies par le service international de la rotation de la Terre et des systèmes de référence situé à l’Observatoire de Paris. To help answer this question, The Mouël and colleagues analyzed a series of 48 years (from 1962 to 2009) of daily measurements of the length of day, the service provided by the International Earth Rotation and systems reference located at the Observatoire de Paris. Ils en ont extrait la composante de période 6 mois et ont mis en évidence de fortes variations de l’amplitude de cette composante, de l’ordre de 30%, qu’ils ont comparé d’une part au nombre de taches solaires (le nombre de Wolf, un indicateur traditionnel de l’activité solaire mesuré depuis plusieurs siècles) et d’autre part au flux de rayon cosmiques galactiques. They have extracted the component of period 6 months and showed significant variations in the amplitude of this component, about 30%, they compared the one hand the number of sunspots (the Wolf number, a traditional indicator of solar activity measured for several centuries) and also the flux of galactic cosmic ray.
Les auteurs mettent en évidence une bonne corrélation entre ces trois paramètres, plus précisément (Figure), ce sont les évolutions des rayons cosmiques et de l’amplitude de la composante semi-annuelle de la longueur du jour qui sont corrélées (coefficient de corrélation de l’ordre de 0,7), et qui sont en phase. The authors show a good correlation between these three parameters, more precisely (Figure), it is the evolution of cosmic rays and the amplitude of the semi-annual day length are correlated (correlation coefficient the order of 0.7), and are in phase. La corrélation est améliorée quand on retire à la courbe de la longueur du jour une tendance linéaire, qui pourrait être liée à des phénomènes se produisant dans le noyau. The correlation is improved when we remove the curve (In geometry, the word curve or curved line designates certain subsets of the plan, the usual space. ,…) example of day length linear trend which could be related to phenomena occurring in the nucleus. Il est établi par ailleurs que les variations des rayons cosmiques sont en opposition de phase avec les taches solaires et décalées d’environ un an (ceci est attribué au mécanisme de modulation des rayons cosmiques galactiques par le vent solaire et son champ magnétique). It is established also that variations in cosmic rays are out of phase with sunspots and shifted about a year (this is attributed to the mechanism of modulation of galactic cosmic rays by the solar wind (solar wind is a stream plasma consisting essentially of ions and electrons are ejected from the high …) and its magnetic field).
Comment la vitesse de rotation de la Terre peut-elle donc être sensible à la modulation des rayons cosmiques ? How the speed of rotation of the Earth can it be sensitive to the modulation of cosmic rays?
La réponse est dans le système des vents. The answer is in the system of winds. Ceux qui contribuent le plus aux variations saisonnières du moment angulaire sont les vents de relativement basse altitude , en dessous de 30km. Those who contribute most to the seasonal variations of angular momentum are the winds of relatively low altitude (Altitude is the vertical elevation of a place or object relative to a baseline.) below 30km . Prise en moyenne sur une année , la différence entre le rayonnement reçu du Soleil et celui qui est réémis par la Terre vers l’extérieur dans les grandes longueur d’ onde (infra-rouge) est positif vers l’équateur et négatif au delà de 40° de latitude . Ce gradient en latitude doit être équilibré par un flux d’ énergie de l’équateur vers les pôles: ce transport est assuré par les mouvements méridionaux (c’est-à-dire le long des méridiens géographiques) de l’atmosphère, moyennés en longitude , et les tourbillons. Les vents zonaux sont la conséquence de ce transport à cause de la conservation du moment angulaire: en allant vers les pôles on se rapproche de l’axe de rotation de la Terre et les changements de cette distance doivent être compensés par des changements de la vitesse. Les variations saisonnières d’insolation entraînent des variations de même période du transport le long des méridiens et, partant de là, de la moyenne des vents zonaux. Taking an average over a year (A year is a unit expressing the duration of time between two occurrences of an event linked to the revolution …), the difference between radiation (Radiation is energy transfer under form of waves or particles, which can occur by radiation …) received from the Sun ((weight percent)) and one that is emitted by the Earth outward into the great length of wave (A wave is the propagation of a disturbance occurring on its passage a reversible variation of properties …) (IR) is positive towards the equator and negative beyond 40 degrees latitude (Latitude is an angular value, expression north-south position of a point on Earth (or another …). This latitude gradient must be balanced by a flow of energy (in the common sense energy means anything that allows a work, making the heat, …) from the equator to the poles: the transportation (transport, from the Latin trans, beyond, and portare wearing is wearing something, or someone one, a place …) is provided by the Southern movements (that is to say along the geographic meridians) of the atmosphere, averaged in longitude (Longitude is an angular value, expressing the position east-west from a point on Earth (or another …), and eddies. The zonal winds are the result of this transport because of conservation of angular momentum: going to the poles is approached the axis of rotation of the Earth and changes in this distance must be compensated by changes in speed. The seasonal variations in insolation lead to variations of the same period of the carriage along the meridians and, from there, the mean zonal winds.
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Very interesting. That part about “zonal winds” seems to match the explanation in the article anna v linked to.
Jerry says:
October 4, 2010 at 2:42 am
That there is correlation is one thing, causation is quite another, and to my mind, the bigger guy always wins – i.e. the Sun is the driving factor
Not necessarily. Attila Grandpierre, Hungarian astrophysicist and rock musician insists solar photosphere as an environment is many orders of magnitude more favorable to life than the surface of Earth. What is more, solar cycles can not be explained without specific biological coupling mechanisms of extremely high algorithmic complexity, regenerating magnetic activity and intricate plasma flow patterns for billions of years against a 30,000 year thermal dissipation timescale.
Therefore the sun is full of life (based on magneto-hydrodynamic structures like filaments, current sheets, plasmoids, etc.)
From Fossils to Astrobiology
Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 2008, Volume 12, Part 2, 4, 369-385
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7_18
Cosmic Life Forms
Attila Grandpierre
Activity of living systems is driven by information. In this realm the winner is not always the bigger guy, quite the opposite, often it is the smarter and more attentive one.
Perception is sensitive to specific patterns of energy, not to its magnitude. Therefore it is quite possible solar beings have already learnt to decode silly TV infomercials and as they drive them mad the same way they do with most of us, they decide to get rid of the annoyance by frying the source 🙂
It might be worse than we thought.
Doug asks, “… whats up with the parentheses?”
As one can tell, this is Google’s automatic translation. In the French source, these words are linked to a definition (as we find on some English sites) to be displayed in a balloon on mouseover, so Google puts the definition in in parentheses.
The amazing thing about automatic translation is not how relatively dreadful it is but rather how good it is. I remember reading a lot of reports back in the ’60s from MIT’s defense-funded machine translation project — the results were disappointing, to say the least…
It’s wiggle matching, guys. No proof of A causing B. At best, C causes A and is periodic, and C causes D which causes B, which then has the same period. At worst, B and A could be completely independent, but merely have similar periods. For this very limited 50-year sample, the apparent synchronicity could just be an artifact of the sample era. Note how bad the “fit” gets at either end. So far, I am completely unimpressed.
proxima says: “dizaines de pour cent” means “tens of percent”, not “tenth of percent”.
Use “dizièmes” for “tenth”.
My dictionary says “dixièmes.”
vukcevic says:
October 4, 2010 at 7:28 am
“I should rely on the NASA’s science, see article”
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=15
Thank you for that but if you are citing literature, please excuse the Wiki links to the following;
The field is similar to that of a bar magnet. The Earth’s magnetic field is mostly caused by electric currents in the liquid outer core. The Earth’s core is hotter than 1043 K, the Curie point temperature above which the orientations of spins within iron become randomized. Such randomization causes the substance to lose its magnetization.
Convection of molten iron within the outer liquid core, along with a Coriolis effect caused by the overall planetary rotation, tends to organize these “electric currents” in rolls aligned along the north-south polar axis. When conducting fluid flows across an existing magnetic field, electric currents are induced, which in turn creates another magnetic field. When this magnetic field reinforces the original magnetic field, a dynamo is created that sustains itself. This is called the Dynamo Theory and it explains how the Earth’s magnetic field is sustained.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field
In the case of the Earth, the magnetic field is induced and constantly maintained by the convection of liquid iron in the outer core. A requirement for the induction of field is a rotating fluid. Rotation in the outer core is supplied by the Coriolis effect caused by the rotation of the Earth. The coriolis force tends to organize fluid motions and electric currents into columns (also see Taylor columns) aligned with the rotation axis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_Theory
—————-
Kiminori Itoh,
Thank you for your clarity of expression.
Since I have come to understand [thanks to Leif] that the energy distribution of solar radiation varies during a 11 yr (actually 22 yrs) solar cycle, I have been wondering if that variation may play out in a mechanism that can have a possible significant effect on climate. Your suggestion is interesting in that regard.
The problem I have with that possible mechanism is whether the magnitudes of the variance and the magnitudes of the differences in the amount of energy in them can really have a significant effect on climate. I just do not know. If the variance can have a significant effect then to me it implies an extremely high sensitivity in the mechanism, which always tends to make me skeptical.
John
Nylo says:
October 4, 2010 at 1:26 am
Any news from the CLOUD project?
.
It appears there is NO news from the CLOUD experiment regarding the CERN-LHC
.
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/1635/2010/acp-10-1635-2010.pdf
Abstract. During a 4-week run in October–November 2006,
a pilot experiment was performed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron
in preparation for the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor
Droplets (CLOUD) experiment, whose aim is to study the
possible influence of cosmic rays on clouds.
simpleseekeraftertruth says:
October 4, 2010 at 9:44 am
As you would accept, that is only a theory. Question remains open unless phenomena are understood as in a single field theory.
High sunspots = high solar magnetic field => braking effect on Earth’s magnetic field.
High sunspots = high solar magnetic field => reduced cosmic rays, Svensmark, etc.
A causes B. A also causes C. B and C are not (necessarily) causally related.
To my skeptical mind, just because we can measure something means simply that, we can measure it. Measurement like correlation is not causation. At first glance this looks more like percussion being mistaken for accuracy. I tend to go with the big guy wins idea.
simpleseekeraftertruth says: October 4, 2010 at 9:44 am
…….
Wikipedia article is Ok, but not terribly reliable. If you want to know, then get it from experts, here are some where you can see complexity of GMF.
http://www.epm.geophys.ethz.ch/~cfinlay/teaching/core_l5.pdf
Maps start at page 36/55, or if you are really into it
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/WMM/data/WMM2010/WMM2010_Report.pdf
start 62/104
The discussion of the angular momentum of the earth’s core and the transfer of energy to the oceans are good reasons for the changes to the length of day in my opinion. But the moon and sun are also involved.
I skimmed through Anthony’s translated article as I found it to be difficult to understand and not making too much sense. However, the length of day or the speed of rotation of the earth has a number of components such as the angular momentum of the spinning earth, the rotation of the earth-moon couple, and the rotation of the earth-moon center of mass with the sun. All of these together set up a complex set of equations. And note that the angular momentum must be conserved. All of these interactions could well be the cause of the length of day changes.
OT: I want to know the change in velocity of an individual on the earth’s surface at any time relative to…say the sun or the galaxy center. This velocity change would include the changes in speed and direction since velocity is a vector.
@tallbloke – good job! And there is also a correlation between the decreasing number in pirates and an increase in temperature, as anyone knows who read the Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. Err.. right, what was I gonna say? A correlation does not make a….
Must be an English translation here some where.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37, L15307, 5 PP., 2010
doi:10.1029/2010GL043185
Solar forcing of the semi-annual variation of length-of-day
We study the evolution of the amplitude A of the semi-annual variation of the length-of-day (lod) from 1962 to 2009. We show that A is strongly modulated (up to 30%) by the 11-yr cycle monitored by the sunspot number WN. A and WN are anticorrelated, WN leading A by 1-yr. A is therefore directly correlated with galactic cosmic ray intensity. The main part of the semi-annual variation in lod is due to the variation in mean zonal winds. We conclude that variations in mean zonal winds are modulated by the solar activity cycle through variations in irradiance, solar wind or cosmic ray intensity.
Received 11 March 2010; accepted 4 May 2010; published 13 August 2010.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2010GL043185.shtml
So this means we can increase the size of the cosmic ray torus (they think it’s either stellar or interstellar CR) around the planet in the magnetosphere’s radiation belts and not be a cause of something to do with drag and slowing ..
huh ok well that’s “Kind of a Drag.” The Buckinghams
vukcevic says:
October 4, 2010 at 10:36 am
“simpleseekeraftertruth says: October 4, 2010 at 9:44 am”
Thank you for that but a search of both found neither reference concerns itself with the coreolis/coriolis effect. Elsewhere I have found references that do provide me with information and current thinking on that which I will digest to ascertain where I might be wrong.
Oh yes we talked to SAMPEX and indeed a CR torus exists in the radiation belt. You know that thing presses right up near that .. never mind. Van Allen get a little pushy.
But here we go..
New radiation belt spotted around Earth.
“A joint U.S.-German satellite launched last year has identified a belt of radiation around Earth that holds an unusual collection of matter from outside the solar system. The discovery of these exotic ions trapped in orbit provides an opportunity to study the environment beyond our solar system without having to leave Earth’s own backyard, say space scientists who announced the findings last week in Baltimore at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union..
..The new information comes from measurements made by the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX), ..
..The radiation belt identified by SAMPEX joins two others that were discovered in 1958 by physicist James A. Van Allen of the University of Iowa in Iowa City. All three belts hold electrically charged particles that have become trapped by Earth’s magnetic field. The outer Van Allen belt contains mostly energetic electrons, while the inner Van Allen holds mostly fast-moving protons. The newly discovered belt resides within the inner Van Allen belt and stores energetic ions of oxygen, nitrogen, and neon, says SAMPEX scientist Richard A. Mewaldt of Caltech.
The scientists believe this collection of ions is a trapped form of so-called anomalous cosmic rays. Unusual because of their composition and charge, such rays are born in a complex process that starts outside the solar system in the interstellar medium, which contains debris from supernovas, remnants of the Big Bang, and other matter.
As our solar system moves through the interstellar medium, the flow of protons emanating from the sun pushes aside any charged particles. But this solar wind does not affect neutral elements, which can slip into the solar system. As the elements drift toward the sun, solar radiation bombards them, stripping one electron from each and forming ions. These ions feel the push of the solar wind and are carried to the edge of the solar system. There they hit a magnetic shock wave that energizes them and forms the anomalous cosmic rays, some of which head toward Earth..”
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/New+radiation+belt+spotted+around+Earth-a013887278
This image shows just how touchy feely the Van Allen belts get with the SAA..
http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/tour/tr11.gif
Dark Matter is corrugated, and as we speed through the undulations in the density of Dark Matter, they effect both the Sun and the Earth.
Q.E.D.
Please send the Noble Prize to the enclosed e-mail address……. 😉
Carla says:
October 4, 2010 at 12:37 pm
We oldies, who knew old radios, call those “condensers”. Now you have complicated simple matters by invoking spirits from beyond, like dark holes, anti-matter, dark matter, etc., etc.
Gotto quit the Ouija board gaming, it’s a dangerous thing for kids. 🙂
Some years ago, when I was studying the influence of magnetic storms on the atmosphere, I remember reading that the series of big flares in early August 1972 altered the measured length of the day. Instead of looking at general correlations between cosmic rays or sunspot numbers and day lengths, it might be useful to examine the behaviour of the day length in the weeks following very big flare events. If there seems to be a consistent behaviour it would be worth speculating on possible mechanisms.
And frankly, I cannot see how winds can be responsible for the variation in day-length.
Wind direction (generally W-E in mid-level N Hem) is caused by the Coriolis force. But Coriolis is only a notional force, not a real force, as it is the Earth that moves, not the wind.
So the rotational speed of the Earth is being effected by a force that is not real? Sorry, you will have to explain that one again in more detail.
Here is a GRAPH to satisfy all sides of the argument:
Sorry, I posted only part sentence
Here is a GRAPH to satisfy all sides of the argument :
Daily LOD values 1964 – 2004 with the inferred magnetic field, annual and seasonal variations.
Ralph says:
October 4, 2010 at 12:47 pm
That’s Philip Pullman’s “His Dark Materials” 🙂
Voodoo science, go to Haiti you’ll get a PHD on it there.