Modeling the Polar Bear Tipping Point

After reading this BBC article on modeling the “tipping point” of polar bear populations, it seemed this photo summed it up well, especially since modeling was substituted in lieu of “nearly non-existent data”. I wonder how the bears survived the Roman Warm Period, or the Medieval Warm Period?

Image: via "Alek" on a Churchill Polar Bear Tour - click for more

From the BBC: Polar bears face ‘tipping point’

By Matt Walker

Editor, Earth News

Climate change will trigger a dramatic and sudden decline in the number of polar bears, a new study has concluded.

The research is the first to directly model how changing climate will affect polar bear reproduction and survival.

Based on what is known of polar bear physiology, behaviour and ecology, it predicts pregnancy rates will fall and fewer bears will survive fasting during longer ice-free seasons.

These changes will happen suddenly as bears pass a ‘tipping point’.

Details of the research are published in the journal Biological Conservation.

Educated guesses

Until now, most studies measuring polar bear survival have relied on a method called “mark and recapture”.

We may not see any substantial effect on polar bear reproduction and survival until some threshold is passed. At that point reproduction and survival will decline dramatically and very rapidly

Peter Molnar University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

This involves repeatedly catching polar bears in a population over several years, which is cost and time-intensive.

Because of that, the information scientists have gathered on polar bear populations varies greatly: for example, datasets span up to four decades in the best studied populations in Western Hudson Bay and Southern Beaufort Sea, but are almost non-existent for bears in some parts of Russia.

Even more difficult is measuring how survival and reproduction might change under future climatic conditions.

“Some populations are expected to go extinct with climate warming, while others are expected to persist, albeit at a reduced population size,” says Dr Peter Molnar of the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

However, these projections are essentially educated guesses, based on experts judging or extrapolating how current population trends might continue as the climate changes.

“So we’ve looked at the underlying mechanisms of polar bear ecology to assist our understanding of what will happen in a warming world,” Dr Molnar told the BBC.

Fasting and mating

Dr Molnar, Professor Andrew Derocher and colleagues from the University of Alberta and York University, Toronto focused on the physiology, behaviour and ecology of polar bears, and how these might change as temperatures increase.

“We developed a model for the mating ecology of polar bears. The model estimates how many females in a population will be able to find a mate during the mating season, and thus get impregnated.”

Male polar bears find females by wandering the ice, sniffing bear tracks they come across. If the tracks have been made by a female in mating condition, the male follows the tracks to her.

The researchers modelled how this behaviour would change as warming temperatures fragment sea ice.

They also modelled the impact on the bears’ survival.

Southern populations of polar bears fast in summer, forced ashore as the sea ice melts.

As these ice-free seasons lengthen, fewer bears are expected to have enough fat and protein stores to survive the fast.

By developing a physiological model that estimates how fast a bear uses up its fat and protein stores, the researchers could estimate how long it takes a bear to die of starvation.

“In both cases, the expected changes in reproduction and survival were non-linear,” explains Dr Molnar.

“That is, as the climate warms, we may not see any substantial effect on polar bear reproduction and survival for a while, up until some threshold is passed, at which point reproduction and survival will decline dramatically and very rapidly.”

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Read the entire story from BBC NEWS:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8700000/8700472.stm

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Gary Hladik
May 25, 2010 2:23 pm

oldseadog says (May 25, 2010 at 12:50 pm): “RHS:
There are lots of animals that hunt man:
Tiger, Lion, Buffalo, Wolf (occasionally), Leopard, Hyena, Wild Dog, Dingo, lots of snakes,………… etc. .”
Not to mention louse, tick, mosquito…

DL
May 25, 2010 2:23 pm

oldseadog says:
May 25, 2010 at 12:50 pm
RHS:
There are lots of animals that hunt man:
Tiger, Lion, Buffalo, Wolf (occasionally), Leopard, Hyena, Wild Dog, Dingo, lots of snakes,………… etc. .
I belive the Tigers & Lions ect. but you need to provide a link for the man eating Buffalo.

H.R.
May 25, 2010 2:26 pm

stevengoddard says:
May 25, 2010 at 11:48 am
“It will get hot in the Arctic, right after it finishes being incredibly cold.”
The science is NOT settled. MY model projects that it will get cold in the Arctic after being warm.
And furthermore, it is 100% certain that the polar bear in the picture above is not contemplating either of our projections ;o)

Al Gored
May 25, 2010 2:34 pm

gcb says:
May 25, 2010 at 11:46 am
“There’s a reason that Churchill, MB has a problem with bears, and it’s not because they’re throwing seals out with the rest of the garbage.”
Key point. Those polar bears do not have access to that dump anymore. But they used to and that unnatural food supply inflated their population. When they cut that food supply off the results were absolutely predictable. The same thing happened to grizzly bears on a more severe level when they closed the dumps in Yellowstone; that bear population was more dependent on dumps. The same thing happened everywhere where dump-feeding bear populations were cut off from those rich and dependable food supplies.
In Yellowstone the predictable decline of the grizzly population after the dump closures – due to bears rampaging around looking for other human food, inter-bear competition, and starvation – was the excuse the EPA used to list the U.S. continental population as ‘Threatened’ under the ‘Endangered Species Act.’
Now that population has been delisted and has recovered by switching to natural foods – but only after the ‘garbage bear’ population was purged. There are now more grizzly bears in that region than ever, but that includes large areas outside of the park where they were not found earlier.
BUT the average size of those bears is only about two-thirds the size of the dump-fed population, and they reproduce slower. That’s adaptation to the new reality. The AGW gang would no doubt ‘model’ that it means imminent ‘extinction.’
But things are not looking so good for the bears because one of their key natural foods used to be winter-killed elk and elk calves, a real super-feast when the park was so unnaturally over-populated with elk until recently. But in the mid-1990’s they introduced wolves from Canada to Yellowstone and two other areas. Everywhere they have drastically reduced the elk (and moose, deer, even bighorn sheep populations) – by at least 75%, and up to 90% by some estimates so far – leaving less protein for those bears, and wolf packs compete with bears for carcasses and attack them. In the meantime, the exploding wolf population is causing all sorts of other problems in the region, as well as massacering game populations everywhere.
The worst part of this wolf story is that when they were proposing this reintroduction, the enviros, including the government scientists, lied. They said that the wolves would have no significant impact on their prey populations – and used fancy models to ‘prove it.’
Even worse, this wolf population was introduced it was sold as a “non essential experiment” with a target population of about 100 (10 packs) but now there are at least 3,000! Every time somebody – including state governments – has tried to do something about this the enviros sue them, find the right idiot judge , and stop any efforts to control them… until recently. Things may be changing because things are getting so out of control. This past year there were very limited hunting seasons, but so limited as to have no effect. Wolf populations can reproduce at 40% annually.
None of this ever seems to make it to the national media, of course. But it is big news in MT, ID and WY.
And its all about land grabs. Every time the wolves expand to a new area – they are now in Oregon – the enviros behind this project push to declare more areas as ‘Critical Habitat.’ For a shocker, google ‘Rewilding’ for the grand plan.
This is all supported by the junk pseudoscience called Conservation Biology, the twisted sister of IPCC style global climatology.
If you go to Yellowstone this year, enjoy the thrill of seeing wolves but don’t expect to see many elk or any of their other prey. And soon it will become much harder to see wolves because their population has already peaked and is crashing due to, what else, insufficient prey. In the future, this will stabilize at low wolf and low elk (etc.) populations, which park visitors won’t be too thrilled with and which you can bet will be blamed on something else… maybe/probably AGW?

Brego
May 25, 2010 2:35 pm

That polar bear looks like he has been eating jalapeno-flavored seals.
I’ve had mornings like that.

Reed Coray
May 25, 2010 2:35 pm

Polar bear populations might increase if the “modelers” just followed the old joke where the Texan is so irate that he’s not a resident of the largest state, he travels to Alaska to become an Alaskan. The residents there tell him that to become an official Alaskan he must do three things: (1) drink a small keg of beer in 12 hours, (2) wrestle a polar bear, and (3) make love to the ugliest native American he can find. The Texan decides to tackle the beer challenge first. He succeeds. He then wanders off in a drunken stupor. No one seeds him for two days, when he comes crawling back into camp terribly beat up and bleeding everywhere. When the Alaskans ask him what’s wrong, he says “Nothing. Now where’s this native American you want me to wrestle?”

May 25, 2010 2:40 pm

Barry Woods said:
“we MAY NOT see any substantial effect on polar bear reproduction and survival, until SOME threshold is passed”
ie whilst the numbers of bears may actually be SEEN(ie by counting them) to INCREASE in the real world in the future. They say, the computer model predicts a tipping point sometime in the future, when they will die.
So basically they can still use the propaganda to scare you, even IF the Polar Bear numbers are increasing in the real world, because the computer model and their assumptions of the real world in the model, says so?
Exactly! We simpletons may think there’s no problem, but that’s because we don’t understand that the tipping point is coming. By the time it’s arrived it’ll be too late, so we have to do stuff now to prevent the tipping point from arriving. How will we know that we’ve stopped it? Who knows, given it’s unclear just what conditions bring it on, but you can be sure we have to do a lot more than we are doing!

geo
May 25, 2010 2:49 pm

Is the tipping point robust?

May 25, 2010 2:52 pm

Apparently they’re not going extinct just yet: Polar bear rugs on sale.

AC of Adelaide
May 25, 2010 2:55 pm

I cant help seeing a religious side to all this. I don’t think it’s a coincidence that with the downwards trend in traditional religion there is concomitant rise in “environmental” religion. In traditional religion man is given a special place in the universe by virtue of its separate creation from animals. With the demise of organized religion there is a feeling of “loss” of that special relationship. I believe that atheistic man in now filling that gap by inventing a purpose to life, a higher role, by again marking out that separation between man and the rest of “creation”. We have given ourselves the sacred role to save the polar bears and the whales etc. We are the self-appointed custodians of the planet. It is our special duty to preserve all the current range of species on the planet without change. We must stop evolution, stop climate change, reverse technological evolution. It’s sort of like re-inventing Eden – only this time getting it right.
What I’m suggesting here, without benefit of research grants, is that global warming causes rational people to lose their marbles.

RichieP
May 25, 2010 3:03 pm

Mildly OT:
Readers of French will enjoy this little quiz from Greenpeace France – tests to see if you’re suffering from the disease of climatoscepticism and offers to cure you. A good laugh and I’m proud to say I was recommended for treatment at the end of the five questions, having got them all “wrong”.
http://energie-climat.greenpeace.fr/le-premier-test-de-depistage-de-la-climatosceptite-enfin-disponible
“A new pandemic threatens to break out in France, climatoscepticism… are you suffering from the syndrome?”
God, it’s truly pathetic isn’t it?

latitude
May 25, 2010 3:11 pm

So the problem seems to be that because of recent favorable conditions, the polar bear population has recently expanded to a point that is un-sustainable.
And they could suffer, and more needlessly die than necessary.
Here’s a thought.
Open up polar bear hunting season again.

R. de Haan
May 25, 2010 3:14 pm

Thanks for the article.
I especially liked the picture of the crapping polar bear.
Now we at least know how the Polar Bear models are made.
In short, the models are in 3D and they stink.

Ed Caryl
May 25, 2010 3:28 pm

That one picture proves the paper BS. That bear is obviously NOT fasting.

Shub Niggurath
May 25, 2010 3:28 pm
pat
May 25, 2010 3:31 pm

Ahhh. The magic threshold.
And if the threshold is a balmy 50 degree winter, will the model be released?

Jimbo
May 25, 2010 3:40 pm

Anthony put it best:
“I wonder how the bears survived the Roman Warm Period, or the Medieval Warm Period?”
—-
Polar bears also survived the Eemian Interglacial:

“It is believed that at the height of that interglacial epoch, global temperatures were between 1º C and 2º C warmer than today.

At that time, the sea level was between 4 and 6 metres above its current mark. source

The bears also survived considerable Arctic sea ice melt around 6,500 years ago. source
This is why I don’t for one minute worry about polar bears in the Arctic, especially considering numbers are up 5 fold since the 1950s.

Richard
May 25, 2010 4:01 pm

How many tree rings did they kill to publish this story?

Zeke the Sneak
May 25, 2010 4:05 pm

“Male polar bears find females by wandering the ice, sniffing bear tracks they come across. If the tracks have been made by a female in mating condition, the male follows the tracks to her.
The researchers modelled how this behaviour would change as warming temperatures fragment sea ice.”

[hat in hand] What must I do to prevent this from happening? What, just stop driving my car, stop setting my thermostat at 72F, and then pay 5xs more for everything I need for modern life?
Alright. You are the policy makers who pay the climate scientists who advise the policy makers, after all.
Wait, I just thought of something.
Couldn’t he try a nice, monogamous relationship with a lovely available brown bear, instead? Important longitudal studies show that lifelong pair bonding with a stimulating spouse is both an indicator of intelligence and an important factor in brain plasticity into the later years. Permanent pair bonding also has many emotional and intellectual gains throughout the lifespan, and has positive effects for the survivability of the offspring as well, studies show. The color of the bear should not matter all that much, by my calculations.
So I will pass on the Ration and Tax bill. Thanks.

Steve from Rockwood
May 25, 2010 4:13 pm

Photographic evidence that hot peppers are now growing naturally in the Arctic.

Dan Hawkins
May 25, 2010 4:34 pm

To: Brego and Steve from Rockwood,
RE: Hot peppers?
No. The bear shrieks because he (she) has just given birth to a climate alarmist.

Alex Buddery
May 25, 2010 4:38 pm

It’s hard to measure so to get a more accurate picture we modelled it. Directly modelled it in fact. I mean what’s better than direct modelling?

Kitefreak
May 25, 2010 4:50 pm

Smokey says:
May 25, 2010 at 2:52 pm
Apparently they’re not going extinct just yet: Polar bear rugs on sale.
——————
That is just sick. Totally sick, just like all other rugs of the same genre.
And the so-called scientific report is just a joke. IF such and such happened so and so would then happen. Other people have made the point up-thread.
We in the UK pay a mandatory license fee to have this garbage put up on the BBC ‘News’ website. Frequently makes my blood boil.
Angry can be good though. Sometimes you need to get angry to have a chance of making a change.
I am continually astonished at the crap ordinary people appear to be willing to put up with from their ‘ruling elite’.
(I don’t actually watch the TV so don’t need a TV license but have one anyway because if you don’t they hound you like rabid dogs and issue all sorts of threats so it’s worth £35 a quarter to keep them off your back).

Feet2theFire
May 25, 2010 4:58 pm

Psycho, slasher movies, and CAGW.
What is the connection?

“That is, as the climate warms, we may not see any substantial effect on polar bear reproduction and survival for a while, up until some threshold is passed, at which point reproduction and survival will decline dramatically and very rapidly.”

Ah, yes, the Freddy Kreuger/Norman Bates bogeyman threshold, that comes at us, out of the dark, who knows where, who knows when.
Be afraid. Be very afraid.
Could it be they have been softening us all up with slasher movies, ever since Alfred Hitchcock?
At least we do have Chicken Little Global Warming (CLGW). And The Boy Who Cried Wolf Global Warming (TBWCWGW). Without town criers, where would civilization be? There is no defense for CLGW or TBWCWGW, just a good Civil Defense System.
Once the Soviet bogeyman was dead, in 1990, we had to have a new bogeyman. And we got one, just in time.

Juan El Afaguy
May 25, 2010 5:03 pm

Forget the risk from hunting by carnivores and buffalo, even though it’s only a model, doesn’t this prove that a man eating cabbage exists?
http://images.replacements.com/images/images5/china/C/flambro_emmett_kelly_jr_miniature_no_box_P0000127165S0002T2.jpg