Note: I posted this originally early this morning, something happened with wordpress.com hosting (I’m not sure what) and it disappeared, here it is again. – Anthony
Christopher Monckton of Brenchley replies to readers

I am most grateful to the many kind readers of www.wattsupwiththat.com who have commented on my open letter to the Australian Prime Minister. If you want to see a real “hockey-stick” graph, just look at the record of this wonderful website’s monthly hit-rates over the past couple of years.
May I answer some of the scientific and economic points raised by your readers?
Several readers raised the question whether the function ΔT = (4.7 ± 1) ln(C/C0) (in Celsius degrees) that I have derived for the rate of warming predicted by the IPCC in response to any given proportionate increase in CO2 concentration takes account not only of the direct forcing from CO2 enrichment of the atmosphere but also of any net-positive temperature feedbacks.
In fact the Monckton function does take account of feedbacks as well as forcings. Broadly speaking, the IPCC assumes (though this is almost certainly a monstrous exaggeration) that temperature feedbacks approximately triple any externally-forced initial warming. For the sake of minimizing any dispute, and solum ad argumentum (only for the sake of argument), I have simply calculated the warming the IPCC’s way, exaggerations and all.
One can test the function by calculating that 4.7 ln 2 (for a doubling of CO2) equals 3.26, the precise equilibrium temperature change, in Celsius degrees, predicted by the IPCC as its central estimate. For US and UK readers, the Monckton function in Fahrenheit degrees is ΔT = (8.5 ± 1.8) ln(C/C0).
My purpose in deriving this function was to facilitate instant calculation of the equilibrium temperature change predicted by the IPCC for any given change in CO2 concentration, without having to take separate account of the magnitude of the CO2 radiative forcing, of the Planck no-feedbacks climate sensitivity parameter, or of the sum of climate-relevant positive and negative temperature feedbacks.
A related question, also raised by several readers, was whether I should have taken account of the fact that not all feedbacks are linear. Since the IPCC assumes that all feedbacks are either linear or close enough to linear to be linearizable, I have adopted the same assumption, again solum ad argumentum, even though it is clear that the water vapor feedback, for instance, cannot be strictly linear.
Another reader has asked why I have calculated the effect of implementing the Copenhagen Accord only as far as 2020. This is the time-horizon for the Accord. The effect of the Accord over ten years would be to forestall warming of just 0.2 C° (0.35 F°) forestalled even if everyone complies fully. This outcome is so minuscule that extending the analysis beyond that date would be pointless, not least because by ten years from now it will be blindingly obvious to everyone a) that the climate is simply not warming anything like as fast (if at all) as the IPCC had ambitiously predicted, and b) that compliance with Copenhagen was little better than compliance with Kyoto. By 2020, the climate scare will be all over bar the shouting, and no one will be cutting CO2 emissions any more.
Another query was about whether I should have done the calculation on the basis of 7.5% of total CO2 emissions, rather than 7.5% of the additional 20 ppmv that we will emit on the trend of the past decade unless we cut emissions. Here, the enquirer is confusing emissions with concentration. CO2 emissions are rising at a near-exponential rate, but over the past decade CO2 concentration has risen at a strictly linear rate of a fraction over 2 ppmv/year. The IPCC’s case is that without our emissions CO2 concentration would stabilize, and would only drop back to its pre-industrial 278 ppmv after hundreds of years: therefore it is appropriate – solum ad argumentum, as ever – to hoist the IPCC with its own petard and to attribute all of the 2 ppmv/year increase in CO2 concentration to our current emissions, from which the calculation in the letter to Mr. Rudd follows.
Dr. Patrick Michaels, one of the most distinguished commentators on the climate scam, has done some excellent work demonstrating that over the past 30 years the relationship between CO2 emissions and CO2 concentration has remained broadly constant at approximately 14-15 billion tons CO2 emitted per 1 ppmv increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Therefore, if we ignored the IPCC’s belief – which certainly does not represent the consensus in the scientific literature – that CO2 lingers in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, then the correct calculation would be to assume that without our current emissions CO2 concentration would fall swiftly back to 278 ppmv from its present 388 ppmv – a drop of 110 ppmv. Then, if we saved 7.5% of total emissions, we should reduce CO2 concentration by 7.5% of 110 ppmv, or around 8 ppmv, in which event the warming forestalled over the next ten years would be 0.1 C°, still not worth all those trillions.
Next, a reader says he will not believe the UN’s computer models until they are capable of modeling all of the natural as well as anthropogenic causes of “global warming”. However, even then modeling is of limited value, because the climate is not merely complex and non-linear but mathematically chaotic. Therefore, as Lorenz (1963) proved in the landmark climate paper that founded chaos theory, unless we know the initial state of the climate at any chosen moment to a precision that is forever unattainable in practice, reliable, very-long-term weather prediction is not available “by any method” – and “very-long-term”, as the Met Office in the UK has learned to its cost in each of the past three summers and in the current winter, means just a few weeks. It is better to rely upon observation and measurement than upon models.
Which leads to my next answer. A reader says he wishes I had supplied references to support my statements in the closing paragraphs of the letter that the measured radiative forcing from changes in cloud cover between 1983 and 2001 was at least five times greater than that from CO2. The forcing from CO2 over that period – the only period warming that we could have influenced even in theory – was just 0.8 Watts per square meter. The forcing from decreased cloud cover, expressed as the sum of 19 annual means, was 4.5 Watts per square meter.
A recent blog posting by me at www.scienceandpublicpolicy.org explains the theory behind the radiative influence of changes in cloud cover. Briefly, where low-altitude, low-latitude cloud cover diminishes, more short-wave radiation hits the Earth rather than being reflected harmlessly back to outer space. When it hits the Earth, it is displaced to the long wave and then heads back towards outer space. Therefore, the ERBE and CERES satellites, whose data is publicly available, will show simultaneous decreases in outgoing short-wave and increases in outgoing long-wave radiation if decreases in cloud cover are the cause, and vice versa for increases in cloud cover.
There are several good papers on this measured phenomenon. See e.g. Palle, E, Goode, P.RT., Montañes-Rodriguez, P., and Koonin, S.E., 2004, Changes in the Earth’s reflectance over the past two decades, Science 304, 1299-1301, doi:10.1126/science.1094070; or Pinker, R.T., Zhang, B., and Dutton, E.G., 2005, Do satellites detect trends in surface solar radiation?, Science 308, 850-854. It is also worth looking at the data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, a “Mark-I-Eyeball” methodology which confirms the short-wave and long-wave measurements of the ERBE and CERES satellites.
My letter to Mr. Rudd also referred to measurements showing that outgoing radiation from the Earth’s surface increases as sea-surface temperatures increase, and does not diminish as all of the IPCC’s capable of being forced with changes in sea-surface temperatures predict. These measurements are reported and analyzed in Lindzen R.S., and Choi, Y.-S., 2009, On the determination of climate feedbacks from ERBE data, Geophysical Research Letters. I do not have the page reference, because I have the preprint that the authors kindly sent to me.
Another reader asked whether my letter had been “peer-reviewed”. Yes, I asked an eminent Professor in Australia to read it for me before it was sent to the Prime Minister and to other party leaders. Any errors, however, are mine alone.
A reader asks whether my letter to Mr. Rudd is available as a .pdf file. I have sent the file to Anthony Watts, who, I am sure, will kindly make it available to anyone who would like to see it. Thank you all very much for your kind interest: and, as always, thanks to Anthony for having given the letter a wider audience.
[Update: a pdf of Lord Monckton’s letter is available here. ]
A reader asks whether my letter to Mr. Rudd is available as a .pdf file. I have sent the file to Anthony Watts, who, I am sure, will kindly make it available to anyone who would like to see it. Thank you all very much for your kind interest: and, as always, thanks to Anthony for having given the letter a wider audience.
Very clear point by point response. Concrete. Indicative of someone who has thought things out and has the self confidence to make their ideas clear and learn from possible criticism.
Moreover, though I normally use “shirtsleeves” language myself, its refreshing to see someone use the language well.
It should stabilize the rat population.
Forget titles and accidents of birth, but judge a man by what he knows, says and, more importantly, by what he does. As a poor and oppressed Welshman, I’d be happy to have Chris Monckton at my side on the rugby field or in the proverbial trenches. (assuming he can tackle)
Peter of Sydney (13:31:10) :
“I don’t understand how the IPCC climate change computer models have any value at all. It’s like economic models that often get it wrong People still use them and some even make very important decisions based on such inaccurate models. ………………………..the proof now that the models are totally wrong simply by comparing them to observational data. Of course, a few AGW believers go as far to say the observational data must be wrong. How’s that for stupidity? ………
”
While the models help us to test our ever evolving (mis-)understanding of the universe, to hold up their complexity as some reason why their ‘predictions’ must be true – in the face of divergence from observed behaviour too, seems to be missing the point entirely.
It’s difficult for the tax payer to imagine ‘though , when so much has been spent on them, that they are good for little else.
Their value is only maintained while they are being constantly revised to take account of observed reality. When that stops they fall behind what we know & become little more than, albeit very expensive, playthings.
When the Climate fails to match their predictions, has the Climate got it wrong … and does it care ?
xyzlatin
I don’t see any socialism in the developed world today.
Richard S Courtney
Monckton did not acknowledge Thatcher to me in emails. He insisted on his insane socialist takeover theory.
You cannot assert one minute she used AGW to attack the coal industry, then the next that she didnt. no matter how much you wish to disagree with me. You cannot invent words and put in Tickell’s mouth either.
It is clear the oil companies have been behind this from the start, and Monckton, Alex Jones or anyone else claiming a global socialist takeover will be seen as crazy extremists outside a tiny section of the American population. They are a liability in terms of opposition to AGW.
Global governance is an ongoing agenda, but anyone who thinks Shell or Goldman Sachs are socialists will not be taken seriously.
Andrew30
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/christopherbooker/5955955/Weather-records-are-a-state-secret.html
Back in 1990, Mrs Thatcher, temporarily under the spell of the prophets of runaway global warming, authorised lavish funding for the then-head of the Met Office, Sir John Houghton, to set up its Hadley Centre in Exeter, as a “world-class centre for research into climate change”. It was linked to the Climate Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, to create a record of global temperatures based on surface weather stations across the world, a data set known as HadCrut. Sir John himself played a key role at the top of the new IPCC as chairman of its scientific working group.
Sir John was a fervent believer in the theory that the cause of global warming is man-made CO2, and the HadCrut computer models, run by his CRU ally Professor Phil Jones, were programmed accordingly. Sir John (and the Hadley Centre) continued to play a central part in the running of the IPCC, selecting many of the contributors to its reports that were the main driver of global warming alarm. He and Prof Jones were also prominent champions of the IPCC’s notorious “hockey stick” graph, which rewrote climate history by suggesting that global temperatures had suddenly shot up in the late 20th century to easily their highest level in history
Lord Monckton and Ian Plimer will be in Newcastle on 28/1/10, at the Town Hall at 12.30pm. I’m looking forward to it; and unlike Copenhagen I’ll make sure Lord Monckton isn’t attacked from behind.
Mr John Hooper gave it as his opinion that Viscount Monckton is “tarnished by his Thatcher connection”. In that case, so am I, and so are the large number of other people who voted for her in three general elections – all of which she won. I suppose, Mr Hooper, that you’re not tarnished by your Kinnock or Blair connections?
But then, you may be alluding to something else entirely – and, who knows, possibly another Thatcher? In which case, Mr Hooper, I hope you and others will treat this post as being null and void.
Watch out M’Lord. Nature has handed Mr Rudd some powerful ammunition that he is already using in declaring the latest BOM Report of Australia’s Second Warmest Year on Record as proof of Global Warming and that Tony Abbott was lying when he said that global warming had stopped.
Expect a battery of artillery aimed at you firing this new “evidence” as soon as you step off the aeroplane.
http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/climate/change/20100105.shtml
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/labor-seizes-on-temperature-figures-as-evidence-of-global-warming/story-e6frg6xf-1225816209762
In Monckton’s formula: ΔT = (4.7 ± 1) ln(C/C0) could he be too generous with the value of the coefficient?
It is possible that the coefficient of 4.7 is too large.
The IPCC in TAR said the temperature rose 0.6 degrees during a time when carbon dioxide rose from about 280 to 380.
Plug those values into the formula: 0.6 = xln(380/280) or
0.3x = 0.6
X = 2, not 4.7
Lord Monckton,
Thank you for your convictions and stamina.
Another Brit (12:50:34) :
As a non-scientist, I find Lord Monckton’s work to be a beam of light in an otherwise dark and confused world.
And isn’t that just the problem. Tear gas v analysis of the numbers. I notice that our resident “cult o doom™” population don’t attack his science or numbers.
VCM … (sort of private letter):
Have I got this part right … you have now joined the UKIP?
I ask simply because of late I would have voted (next election) for the BNP in preference to the spineless morons on offer ATM. Really, would you want someone who apologises to “green” for driving a car in preference to a bicycle running your country? WC is probably spinning at a quantum level in his grave right now.
I’m tired of the Cabal and their “gas ‘o’ doom™”, I detest “greens” and their Malthusian, population killing, back to the Iron Age BS. I’m tired of main party UK politicians trying to “out green” each other and don’t even get me started with our un-elected “EU” People’s Commissars back handing their friends at my expense with no referendum . Enough already. Communism died years ago.
World Socialist Command (and Champagne) Economy … I hope those UN blue helmets are made of sterner stuff than they look. Tis a thousand years since the moat was breached (discounting invited Dutch of course).
You have my vote.
Jonathan (17:16:18) :
In Monckton’s formula: ΔT = (4.7 ± 1) ln(C/C0) could he be too generous with the value of the coefficient?
Methinks you doth miss the point. Double or triple that coefficient if you like, the point remains the same.
Eric Smith:
At (16:57:33) you say to me:
“You cannot assert one minute she used AGW to attack the coal industry, then the next that she didnt. no matter how much you wish to disagree with me. You cannot invent words and put in Tickell’s mouth either.”
I did no such thing!
I clearly distinguished between
(a) Mrs T’s reason for proclaiming AGW
and
(b) the reason why her poltical party let her raise it.
Indeed, AGW was a distraction from the ‘acid rain’ scare that was harming the coal industry at the time. If your assertion were true then she would not have raised the AGW issue.
And I cited Sir Crispin’s words to me as I explained above at (15:17:04).
Please note that (as I explained at (15:17:04)) my analysis was conducted in 1980 and predicted the subsequent development of AGW. The prediction of that analysis subsequently proved correct but it was not based on any ‘Big Oil’ conspiracy theory.
I do not share Lord Monckton’s politics but I support his excellent work debunking AGW although we have very different political opinions.
Richard
john Jooper..you believe a Wiki entry on Lord M..
yeah and you believe in AGW too I guess.
If Ian Plimer of Bob Carter were the readers I’d be happy and proud!
I just wish I could get to Melbourne to hear Lord Moncktons talks. 450km ea way is a bit too far sadly:-(
Give KRudd and WRong the hell they deserve!
Off topic – but I wanted to share the following link:
http://books.google.com/books?id=R-hBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q=&f=true
‘History of America Before Columbus’ – published in 1900. (Presumably free of AGW and oil company biases).
Here are some highlights:
…discussing the recorded tribute paid to Rome in 1327 from Greenland – leads to an estimate of the population of Greenland in 1327 of 75,000 people (i.e. more than 2008). This is around page 176.
“There is another way which we may follow in making this calculation of the number of ancient Greenland’s people.
The collectors of St. Peter’s Pence in the year 1327 have left us an interesting record of the exchanges and relative values of northern and of southern Europe’s moneys at that time.”
“Gravier justly remarks that the families of the Northmen were generally large; and, in fact, all Europe was for a whole century wondering in dismay where all the swarms of Northman invaders might come from. We would not exaggerate, therefore, if we should allow ten persons to each family, and estimate the colonial population of ancient Greenland at seventy-five thousand people.”
‘Whatever the climate may be in Greenland to-day, it is the general opinion of the learned and of the people in Iceland, not to say a well-established fact, that it was considerably milder at the time of its first Scandinavian colonization.’
‘The slightest examination of the ruins at Kakortok and in the neighborhood reveals the fact that every building, every residence of the Northmen, had its garden and a portion of cultivated land, which, together with their bays, their table-lands, and wild mountains, provided them not only with the necessaries, but also with many a luxury of daily life.’
‘There was plenty of land for all to provide their animals with grass in summer and with hay in winter, and even to raise for themselves sufficient vegetables, small fruits, and a moderate supply of some cereals.’
‘Bardson concludes his description of Greenland by saying that in these localities as beautiful wheat did grow as anywhere else’
Peter of Sydney (13:31:10) :
Apart from the invalid assumptions, incomplete forcing equations and lack of a complete understanding of how the climate works, there’s the proof now that the models are totally wrong simply by comparing them to observational data.
I think that in the rush to highlite the more obvious elements of climategate some have missed a point or two . That is to say that The fact is that we can’t account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can’t. “ is what gets the headline but read on (in the same paragraph) and there is (in my reading at least) a more worrying aspect.
My reading is that despite the obvious possibility that they may have an inadequate theory and incomplete models they would rather believe that “the data” is wrong.
Now call me old fashioned, but when the measured data doesn’t match either your theory or your model …. could just be that your real data is correct and your theory and derived model need revision. then again I’m notaclimatescientist so what would I know?
(1255550975.txt and related mail)
The fact is that we can’t account for the lack of warming at the
moment and it is a travesty that we can’t. The CERES data published
in the August BAMS 09 supplement on 2008 shows there should be even
more warming: but the data are surely wrong. Our observing system is
inadequate.
John Hooper (12:15:05) :
I see you’ve done floppy fact checking of Ian Plimer’s facts.
As we all know anything having to do with global warming in Wikipedia is butchered by William Connolley.
John Hooper (12:15:05) :
tarnished by his Thatcher connection.
The truth is ‘global warming’ has been tarnished by Al Gore’s connection to it.
And you did know, of course, that Al Gore is a politician?
Always so informative, WUWT has elicited a uniquely educational experience by publishing Monckton’s articles.
First, I learn that some object to Latin expressions as pretentious and crave plain talk. Possibly they don’t know that over 60% of English words, in one or more of their forms, are associated with Latin roots. Remove those roots from English, the most expressive language on the planet, and the language would be a guttural Northern European polyglot incapable of expressing scientific, medical, geographic, mathematical, astronomical, philosophical, or psychological (did I miss any?) thought with precision.
Now, imprecision of language on WUWT is the single most detracting factor of the endeavor. There we are, avidly on the trail of a well reasoned argument, and CLANG, a language failure. An affect where there should be an effect, an it’s instead of an its, a misspelling, a verb in the wrong person, a malapropism. The train is lost, the effort is wasted, and we must begin again to tease the author’s meaning from the tortured words.
Lord Monckton does not torture us in these ways. His sentences move smoothly, informatively and inevitably to their inescapable conclusions. This is communication rarely understood by those who do not have daily contact with it. Do not condemn it nor its purveyor. Instead, parse it, refer to any reference you require, but understand it before you dismiss it.
Lord Monckton, I applaud your eff’orts, just remember: no droit de seigneur around us Americans, y’all.
Great read.
I did not understand “…does not diminish as all of the IPCC’s capable of being forced with changes in sea-surface temperatures predict.” – am I being thick or is it a typo?
Latinisms are a useful way to compress and clarify argument, but not if the writer feels they have to be explained in English. Try trusting us, milord, most of us can work out what “solum ad argumentum” means.
Interesting that Thatcher should be assailed for founding CRU. What’s wrong with an intitute set up to study climate in the 80s? It’s the fact that by the 90s the alchemists by then in charge weren’t actually studying climate that bothers us. We were told they had “computer” models that predicted catastrophe. We now learn they had “computer-and-man-with-a-keyboard-and-an-agenda” models. Hardly Maggie’s fault, is it?
Richard S Courtney (15:17:04) : et al….
This has been an enlightening history surrounding Baroness Thatcher.
I, as a kid, was always in awe of her leadership.
No leadership is perfect….and if there was a major reaction from the countless COAL-induced deaths in the UK….it is NOW understood why.
In the modern world, when things like this occur, there is an understanding reaction the other way: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smog
That being said….we all learn from our mistakes.
The QUESTION is now will we learn or just continue to bicker…
In reality, IF we want to survive as a species [and I’m sorry but just by the Gothic Norman architectural specimens towering on the British Isles alone, Homo Sapiens has EARNED its right to live], but if we want to survive, we need to NOW pay attention to learning how to adapt to Mother Earth.
This, as Mr. Courtney so accurately points out, is BEYOND political differences.
The real issue here is the TRUTH.
And this, like the Scientific Method, cuts through all the chaff and gets down to business.
AS with many others on here, The Viscount is admired for his commitment to just that.
As we say in the USA….. MAD PROPS.
And I am a Christopher, too, though not a Lord. 😉
Chris
Norfolk [the other Norfolk not East Anglia lol] , VA, USA
Incidentally, had Thatcher remained in power, I’ll bet, scientist as she is, she would have taken sufficiently sceptical view of their pronouncements to have kept the CRU honest. These guys were emboldened, not by the success of their work, (it was manifestly unsuccessful) but by the abundant evidence that they had the political establishment eating out of their hands. Thatcher ate from nobody’s hand – even gave her chum Ronnie a bollocking when he invaded Grenada without asking her first.
Let’s not forget the political lethargy that has so nearly allowed this druidism to prevail.
3×2 (19:19:07) :
Re: “they would rather believe that “the data” is wrong.”
I disagree.
I hear a scientist questioning the data. I would only do this if the model I had developed and tested with all available data, actually ‘worked’ to predict the last 10% of the data in the series based on the prior available 90%. That is to say, I am really, really sure my model works in its predictive capacity.
Having published my model based on this data, I now find that in the real future none of my predictions are being realized. I can not explain it. So I question the data, not the data I am getting now, I question the data I received in the PAST. I read this as the author questioning the past data, not the current reality.
This thing would not need thousands of scientists to be involved. All that was need was for one or two people in perhaps five or six countries to adjust the raw data (as we have seen). Anyone using the data when making a comparison to CO2 would find the results that had been seeded into the data. The scientists would not be aware that they were being played. They would honestly think that their conclusions were correct. Only none of their predictions would ever be confirmed.
Only the ones that actually were in control of the raw data and making the ‘adjustments’ needed to know of the exact requirements of the adjustment needed to seed the outcome into the data. When a scientist begins to say things like “the data must be wrong”, or “data are surely wrong. Our observing system is inadequate”, perhaps they might not have been in on the ‘adjustments’ and they are likely frustrated because their model ‘works’ for the past and recent past. Think about the statement “we can’t account for the lack of warming”, it is an observation that would invalidate the whole theory. It is a serious problem for the author of the email.
The author of that email could not explain it, but perhaps someone else could.
If I ever found out that this had been done to me and my work, well…….
To those who seem to resent Monckton’s aristocratic lineage, let us imagine the response from a similarly pedigreed Lord on the other side of the dispute to Monckton’s efforts, should my previous suggestion be adopted, to wit:
“…I propose a new word (a verb in this case) to describe the act of utter ravishment, sexual or otherwise. I propose “Monck”, as in “Monck ‘em!”
“I say, old boy! I believe we’ve been Moncked in the hindquarters.”
I think being “Moncked” will carry considerably more sting among a certain set than merely being “XXXXXX” by a gang of revolutionary rabble.
CH