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E. Schaffer
July 27, 2025 2:15 am

C14 shows deep ocean carbon is <2000 years “old”
comment image

(hope the link works)

This is fascinating – and falsifying yet another “consensus science” claim.

C14 has a relatively stable share within the atmosphere, its source being nitrogen bombarded with cosmic rays top of the atmosphere. Without this source, C14 decays with a half-life of 5730 years. Knowing the C14 share you can thus assess what time ago something must have absorbed atmospheric carbon.

The massive deep ocean carbon reservoir (~39000Gt C) has an average “C14 age” <2000 years, or 20% (+/-5%) less C14. For this amount to turn over within <2000 years, at least 20Gt C must be exchanged between the deep ocean and atmosphere every year. The are ~3% of atmospheric carbon at pre-industrial levels. With this exchange the deep ocean carbon reservoir will perfectly work as a virtually unlimited CO2 sink, within a relatively short time.

The claim 25% (or so) of our emissions would stay around virtually forever, is thus indefensible.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017PA003174

Scissor
Reply to  E. Schaffer
July 27, 2025 4:29 am

Good paper.

July 27, 2025 2:19 am

I submitted this comment to the EPA late in the day on July 24th on the docket relating to power plant emissions. It has not been posted yet by the EPA pending review. We’ll see what happens.

I greatly appreciate the opportunity here at WUWT to share and discuss these issues. The current administration in the U.S. is working hard to undo at least some of the damage of the last few decades of unwarranted climate alarm.

==========
Agency: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: Repeal of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Fossil Fuel-Fired Electric Generating Units
Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-0124-0001

Comment:
This comment expresses strong support for these two elements of this proposed action: 1)”In this action, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to repeal all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for fossil fuel-fired power plants.” 2) “The EPA is further proposing to make a finding that GHG emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants do not contribute significantly to dangerous air pollution.”

This support is based on the concept of energy conversion within the atmosphere’s general circulation, which operates dynamically to overwhelm the minor static radiative effect of incremental concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O, and other infrared-active gases. The end result is that it is not reasonable for the Administrator to conclude that emissions of these otherwise harmless substances are likely to exert a harmful influence on warming or on trends of any other climate-related variables.

That influence is shown to be negligible using plots, histograms, and a time-lapse video of the “vertical integral of energy conversion” hourly parameter from the ERA5 reanalysis model maintained by the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). This parameter is expressed in units of W/m^2 (Watts per square meter.) Please see the “Readme_072425.pdf” document for a full explanation with references. All this material is contained and organized in the Google Drive folder linked here:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1PDJP3F3rteoP99lR53YKp2fzuaza7Niz?usp=sharing

The Readme_072425.pdf document and two of the histograms are also attached to this submission. One final point to illustrate the vanishingly weak influence involved in the case of a doubling of CO2 from pre-industrial times: the ~4 W/m^2 increase in the IR absorbing power of the atmosphere in the 2XCO2 case is a fraction of the width of the index mark at “0” on the horizontal axis of these histograms. [kinetic energy] –> [internal energy + potential energy] gives positive values in W/m^2. [internal energy + potential energy] –> [kinetic energy] gives negative values in W/m^2. Thank you for considering this comment.

Uploaded File(s):
Readme_072425.pdf
Hist_2022_ERA5_VIEC_45N.jpeg
Hist_2022_ERA5_VIEC_45S.jpeg

Reply to  David Dibbell
July 27, 2025 3:36 am

Dave: You should check out everyday or so:

https://www.federalregister.gov/public-inspection/current

From the home page, page down to the panel: “Regular Filling Agency” and click on “Environment Protection Agency” for any “Announcements”.
If the EPA intends tor rescind the 2009 CO2 Endangerment Finding by issuing a new rule or regulation, the agency is required to place the text
of the announcement in the Federal Register for review and comments by the public. There is 45 day window for the public to make comments.

A short while ago, I posted a comment about the late John Daly’s website and links to the two websites about the CO2 IR absorption saturation effect. I did not receive any comments on my submission.

Can you imagine what will happen when the Endangerment Finding is rescinded? The peoples of California, New York, the UK, Australia and Germany will be liberated from their governments draconian and disastrous climate action plans. The people will rejoice. There will be celebrations and dancing in the streets! The radical environmental NGOs will launch a barrage of lawfare suits against the EPA. Hopefully, they all will go bust.

Reply to  Harold Pierce
July 27, 2025 5:46 am

There will be celebrations and dancing in the streets! The radical environmental NGOs will launch a barrage of lawfare suits against the EPA. Hopefully, they all will go bust.

Big legal fight
Wait for the Court challenges.

More than a hundred thousand state BS jobs at stake

Cut the federal largesse until they choke
Usually works every time.

They would have to get a real, tax-paying job, and do real work to avoid getting fired, instead of doing nothing while sucking from the federal and state tits.

After $250,000 for 4 yeas in college, my niece graduated 2 years ago, Psych major, works as a bartender in NYC, makes big money (tips tax free, hates Trump), cannot get a decent paying job in HR or Psych field, or non-profit.

I told her that would happen 6 y ago.
Her mother, an $80,000/y arts teacher (works 180 days/y), was offended, hates Trump.

Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 6:47 am

NYC bartenders qualify for seats in Congress.

Reply to  Mark Whitney
July 27, 2025 8:33 am

AOC lived with her family in a house in Yorktown Heights, about one-hour drive from NYC, from age 5 to 18, and

Attended grade school, and graduated from High School there, and

Went to Boston U from which she graduated, but

She could not get decent pay working for an NGO, so

She had a second job as a bartender

City schools were deplorable zoos back then, and even more now.

AOC claims to be a “Bronx Girl” is now worth between $25 and 30 million, has a huge “campaign/slush-fund” chest

Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 10:33 am

I’m reminded of the old joke, “Republicans get rich and go into politics; Democrats go into politics and get rich.”

sturmudgeon
Reply to  Harold Pierce
July 27, 2025 3:50 pm

Has the PGA been made aware that John Daly is ‘late’?

Reply to  sturmudgeon
July 27, 2025 5:25 pm

The John Daly I am referring to is John L. Daly, a citizen scientist.

Please go to his website “Still Waiting For Greenhouse” available at http://www.john-daly.com. From the home page, page down to the end and click on “Station Temperature Data”. On the “World Map” click on a region or country to access temperature data from over 200 weather stations which showed no warming up to 2002.

Shown below is the chart for Adelaide which showed a slight cooling since 1857. The 21 weather stations in Oz showed no warming up to ca 2002. If you click on the chart, it will expand and become clear. Click on the X in the circle to return to comment text.

Check out some charts for Russia and Siberia.

adelaide
Reply to  Harold Pierce
July 27, 2025 5:20 pm

No, California will just go on as if the recission had not taken place, Newsom will issue an Executive order to keep going, and the AG will file suit.

Reply to  David Dibbell
July 29, 2025 6:53 am

Update as of July 29th – a new batch of comments has just been posted on the docket, including mine.

https://www.regulations.gov/comment/EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-0124-0141

Thank you for your attention to this matter. 🙂

July 27, 2025 2:22 am

How much warming will methane cause by 2100?
I say ~0.05°C
What’s your estimate?

Reply to  Steve Case
July 27, 2025 3:38 am

You mean additional warming attributable to increasing atmospheric methane? What does the math of the Happer and van Wijngaarden methane paper say?

Reply to  Steve Case
July 27, 2025 4:26 am

The concentration of CH4 in dry air is 1.93 ppmv. One cubic meter of this air has a mass of 1.29 kg and contains a mere 1.4 mg of CH4. This trace amount of CH4 will absorb so little out-going long wavelenght IR radiation that the air won’t be heated and the temperature increase is probably too
measure.

The reason there is a very low concentration in air is due to the initiation of its combustion by discharges of lightning(aka Mother Nature’s sparkplug) Everyday the are millions discharges of lightning. We don’t have too about CH4.

Scissor
Reply to  Harold Pierce
July 27, 2025 4:40 am

NOAA says the reaction of hydroxyl radical (from photolysis) with methane is its main sink.

Reply to  Scissor
July 27, 2025 10:37 am

Another sink for CH4 is cold polar water. CH4 is slightly soluble in cold water. One liter of water at 17° C can contain up to 35 mls of CH4. In cold water the CH4 slowly diffuse to the cold ocean floor where it forms a clathrate known as methane ice.

I still believe lightning takes out much CH4 aka swamp gas.

sturmudgeon
Reply to  Harold Pierce
July 27, 2025 3:53 pm

It hasn’t bothered the swamp gas in DC.

Reply to  Steve Case
July 27, 2025 8:17 am

My estimate is 0.0C. There is no data from the last 65my+ to support the premise that CO2 has ever had any impact on ‘GAT’, so why should CH4, whose emission spectrum is also largely overlapped by water vapor have any effect?

Reply to  Frank from NoVA
July 28, 2025 3:03 am

Good point!

Tom Shula
Reply to  Steve Case
July 27, 2025 3:40 pm

Concurring with Frank, it would be zero as is the case for all IR-active species, CO2 and H2O included.

I’m curious, who here understands that the absorption of IR radiation by these gases which creates rotational and vibrational excited states does not by itself raise the temperature of the atmosphere? Temperature is a function of the average KINETIC energy of the ensemble of gas molecules. Vibrational states do not themselves have an effect on temperature.

Frank, no spoilers here. I expect you get this.

In the prevalent obsession with absorption, it’s often forgotten that the IR active gases are the only means for cooling the atmosphere.

Reply to  Tom Shula
July 27, 2025 5:37 pm

Harold The Organic Chemist Says:

After absorbing IR light, the excited H2O and CO2 molecules undergo a very rapid collisional deactivation by N2, O2 and Ar which results in the warming of the air. The collision frequency at RT is ca 10 billion per second.

Reply to  Tom Shula
July 28, 2025 8:29 am

Thanks, Tom. Fyi, SEPP recently posted a paper by Dr Howard Hayden that has a brief section on the dynamics of molecular collisions. I provided a comment on it pursuant to one of today’s WUWT articles:

https://wattsupwiththat.com/2025/07/28/weekly-climate-and-energy-news-roundup-651/#comment-4098486

July 27, 2025 2:40 am

Some years ago, I often read comments about “global radiation”, measured with a pyranometer.
I imagine, the actual increase is not only limited to Germany

https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/solarenergy/trend_since_1983.html

Reply to  Krishna Gans
July 27, 2025 2:48 am

Long-term variations of global radiation in Central Europe 1950–2020 and their impact on terrestrial surface air warming
Abstract

The variation of global radiation from 1950–2020 and its impact on the terrestrial surface air warming was investigated based on measurements of sunshine duration, global radiation and temperature from six measuring stations from the national weather services in Austria, Switzerland and Germany. A quantitative estimation of that impact was conducted with the help of a multiple linear regression model based on monthly values from the period 1950–2020. The applicability of this approach was ensured by a set of five statistical standard tests. The overall temperature increase from 1950–2020 (about +2.1 °C in the annual and summer semi-annual average at the six measuring stations) is dominated by the temporally continuous temperature increase (global warming). However, a fraction of the increase (+0.3 °C corresponding to about 14% and +0.5 °C corresponding to about 25% for the entire year and the summer half-year, respectively) is attributed to the increase of global radiation. 

Reply to  Krishna Gans
July 27, 2025 8:23 am

Correct: less air pollution in Europe = less smog = more sunshine = higher temperature

strativarius
July 27, 2025 2:45 am

There’s an armour plated golf buggy zooming around Scotland. The occupant might have heard…

Elite police squad to monitor anti-migrant posts on social media
Concerns for free speech mount as Home Office creates team to flag signs of potential unrest – The Telegraph

You better get your act together or you’re not going to have Europe anymore,” Trump told reporters on Friday.” – Newsweek

They are getting their act together…

Reply to  strativarius
July 27, 2025 6:08 am

Trump doesn’t like Thought Police.

I don’t, either.

Free Speech is dying in Europe. Trump might have something to say about that, too.

Simon
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 5:14 pm

This would be the free speech champion Trump who bans news agencies who don’t report what he wants to hear. Or sues tv stations who he thinks don’t do interviews he considers to be honest.

Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 5:34 pm

bans news agencies who don’t report what he wants to hear

If that were the case, MOST of them would be banned.

Or sues tv stations

that air dishonestly edited content? Why shouldn’t he? Why shouldn’t he have the same recourse to malicious reporting as anyone else? The truth is an absolute defense – they could have fought it if they really stood behind what they aired. Or do you like the idea of news organizations making dishonest edits to interviews?

Remind me who it was who subpoenaed phone records of AP reporters and named a journalist as a co-conspirator in a leak?

July 27, 2025 3:06 am

A glimmer of hope for the future:

Ron Long
July 27, 2025 3:34 am

Here’s Another Reality Check: Vintage Aviation News reported, on July 22, 2025, that the effort to find more of the Lost Squadron, due to weather delays, was postponed until 2026.

Remember that the Loat Squadron was a transfer fleet of six P-38’s and two B-17’s, which were forced to land on a glacier on Greenland, in 1942. One of the P-38’s was detected by seismic survey, and, in1992, was extracted by tunneling (using hot water) from below 268 feet of accumulated ice (the P-38 was then named Glacier Girl). Using 8 to 1 as the general compression rate of snow to ice, means it snowed an average of 40 feet per year at that site.

The would-be current extraction team announced “Despite months of planning and logistics, the Team was ultimely grounded by uncooperative Arctic weather conditions…). Like what? Heatwaves? Duststorms? Tipping point? Nope……cold and blowing snow.

Reply to  Ron Long
July 27, 2025 10:44 am

Using 8 to 1 as the general compression rate of snow to ice, means it snowed an average of 40 feet per year at that site.

Maybe. You are assuming that the weight of the aircraft didn’t result in any melting at the base of the plane with refreezing at the top — essentially similar to crystallization of garnets in a schist from pressure differentials. Have you ever seen time-lapse photography of a weighted wire passing through a block of ice?

July 27, 2025 3:47 am

I was wondering if WUWT was planning an article on comparing the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) against nClimDiv?

Both are used to provide an average monthly temperature anomaly value for the contiguous United States (CONUS) from Jan 2005 to the present. NOAA provides a comparison site

nClimDiv replaced the old US Historical Climatology Network (USHCN v2.5), which uses ‘adjustment’ techniques described as “algorithms and corrections”.

USCRN is prominently featured on the side panel here at WUWT where it is described as:

a properly sited (away from human influences and infrastructure) and state-of-the-art weather network…

If you follow the above link you come to a chart that suggests that, whilst both data sets show clear warming, the differences between USCRN and nClimDiv are minimal when compared on the same anomaly base (1991-2020).

In fact, if you download the data and run a linear regression test, you will find that the “… properly sited… state of the art…” weather network is warming at a slightly faster rate than the one derived from the adjustments.

As of June 2025, Microsoft Excel makes it +0.38C per decade for nClimDiv and +0.45C/dec for USCRN.

That’s over 20-years’ worth of data now, showing that the adjusted series isn’t warming as quickly as the “properly sited” series.

This begs the question:

Are the NOAA algorithms and corrections actually cooling the the CONUS temperature data?

Scissor
Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 4:44 am

That would be antithetical to their biases. So, not likely.

Reply to  Scissor
July 27, 2025 11:54 am

That would be antithetical to their biases. So, not likely.

If NOAA is biased towards artificially warming observed temperatures then you have to wonder why, so far, their adjustments have caused less warming than has been seen in the ‘state of the art’ USCRN stations.

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 7:50 pm

ClimDiv is deliberately adjusted to match USCRN.

That makes any difference dependent ONLY only on the adjustments made by their algorithm. They even state as such in their own pages.

By comparing nearby pairs of USHCN and USCRN stations, we find that adjustments make both trends and monthly anomalies from USHCN stations much more similar to those of neighboring USCRN stations for the period from 2004 to 2015 when the networks overlap.

Climdiv fabrication algorithm also only applies for the period USCRN exists.

It is unlike the period from 1900-2005, when adjustments were made to suit and agenda.

Reply to  bnice2000
July 28, 2025 3:49 pm

ClimDiv is deliberately adjusted to match USCRN.

LOL!

They are adjusting the data to make it cooler than the actual temperature rise!

How does this conspiracy work again?

Mr.
Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 6:27 am

Apparently, “climate” these days is what happens in a 30-year period.

So get back to us in 10 years time when these Temps constructs have clocked up the now-obligatory 30 years of constructs.

(and here’s hoping that Excel is still around then 🤔 )

Reply to  Mr.
July 27, 2025 7:33 am

Apparently, “climate” these days is what happens in a 30-year period.

In AR6 the IPCC pushed for a reduction in the “minimum integration time” (as I put it) for weather statistics to be considered as “climate” to 20 years instead of the “classical” default of 30(+) years.

AR6 WG-I assessment report, SPM, paragraph D.2 on page 30 :

Under these contrasting scenarios, discernible differences in trends of global surface temperature would begin to emerge from natural variability within around 20 years, and over longer time periods for many other climatic impact-drivers (high confidence).

Section 1.4.1, “Baselines, reference periods and anomalies”, page 192 :

In AR6, 20-year reference periods are considered long enough to show future changes in many variables when averaging over ensemble members of multiple models, and short enough to enable the time dependence of changes to be shown throughout the 21st century.

Cross-Chapter Box 2.3, “New Estimates of Global Warming to Date, and Key Implications”, in the “Updates to estimated Global Warming Level (GWL) crossing times” paragraph on page 321 :

The updated estimate of historical warming is one contribution to the revised time of projected crossing of the threshold of 1.5°C global warming in comparison with SR1.5, but is not the only reason for this update. The AR6 assessment of future change in GSAT (Table 4.5) results in the following threshold-crossing times, based on 20-year moving averages. The threshold-crossing time is defined as the midpoint of the first 20-year period during which the average GSAT exceeds the threshold.

Annex VII “Glossary”, the “Climate” entry on page 2222 :

Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The relevant quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system.

.

Now I personally see this as a mixture of “moving the goalposts” and/or “rewriting the dictionary” — as has occurred so often in the past with the IPCC — and would prefer to keep the WMO’s “classical period” of a 30-year (minimum) integration time, but I suspect the lure of the higher numbers from “the last 20 years / since the turn of the millennium” averages will prove irresistible to journalists and editors looking for eye-catching headlines (/ “clicks”).

Reply to  Mr.
July 27, 2025 11:57 am

So get back to us in 10 years time when these Temps constructs have clocked up the now-obligatory 30 years of constructs.

Fair enough, but we’re more than 2/3s of the way through 30-years and, if anything, the adjusted data are warming at a slower rate than the raw data. So the adjustments, if they do anything at all, are certainly not having a strong warming influence.

Let’s hope WUWT is still around in 10-years so we can discuss the final results.

Rich Davis
Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 12:22 pm

Who cares Rusty?

Slightly warmer is nothing but better. Time to move on. This scam has played out.

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 27, 2025 1:03 pm

You mean the scam in which they are ‘adjusting temperatures upwards’ that results in a slower warming trend than if they didn’t carry out any adjustments at all?

That strange scam?

Rich Davis
Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 1:38 pm

Yawn!

No mate, the scam where you try to take away all of our personal freedoms by claiming that the gas of life is an existential threat.

There is no climate emergency. The next climate emergency will be glaciation.

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 27, 2025 1:57 pm

Ironically, it’s the adjusted data, the stuff you say is corrupted, that’s giving you the least warming!

Only a matter of time before WUWT and co start calling for adjustments to be made to USCRN. Maybe slow the observed warming down a bit.

Rich Davis
Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 2:30 pm

You’re pretty dense aren’t you Rusty?

What part of I don’t give a shit, are you not getting?

If it gets 5° warmer, humans and life in general will flourish. It’s not going to get half that good. There has never been anything but a scam and there is not now nor will there ever be a climate emergency except for the next glaciation.

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 28, 2025 3:50 pm

What part of I don’t give a shit, are you not getting?

The bit were you keep answering me.

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 4:23 pm

What observed warming ?

The slight step at the 2016 El Nino ?

uscrn-v-climdiv
Reply to  bnice2000
July 28, 2025 3:51 pm

What observed warming ?

The one that’s running faster in the ‘pristine’ data than it is in the adjusted data.

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 7:52 pm

Only a matter of time before WUWT and co start calling for adjustments to be made to USCRN.”

Why?

ClimDiv is fabricated to match USCRN, making it meaningless and redundant

Neither of them has any warming except from the 2016 El Nino step.

uscrn-v-climdiv
Reply to  bnice2000
July 28, 2025 3:52 pm

ClimDiv is fabricated to match USCRN, making it meaningless and redundant

So we’ll just run with the faster-warming USCRN, then?

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 2:33 pm

The real egregious adjustments are in the middle of the 20th century, where large numbers of sites have had the 1930, 40s peak totally removed.

Pristine sites like Valentia show that the average temperature in the 1930s was higher than the early 2000s

This applies to much raw data from around the world.

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 8:08 am

We can put this in the ‘ it is worse than we thought’ box.

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 8:28 am

Your link for NOAA’s ‘comparison site’ doesn’t work for me:

‘Service Unavailable
The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try again later.

Additionally, a 503 Service Unavailable error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request.’

‘Please try again later’ reminds me of those ‘magic’ fortune-telling balls that were popular when I was a kid.

Reply to  Frank from NoVA
July 27, 2025 12:00 pm

Your link for NOAA’s ‘comparison site’ doesn’t work for me:

It’s the same link as that in the WUWT side panel.

https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/national-temperature-index/time-series/anom-tavg/1/0

Reply to  TheFinalNail
July 27, 2025 3:12 pm

What ClimDiv proves is that they can take a whole heap of JUNK data from JUNK sites ..

(as shown by the US Surface Station project carried out by our esteemed host)..

.. and make it match whatever they want it to match.

ClimDiv is a meaningless FABRICATION.. nothing more nothing less.

Reply to  bnice2000
July 28, 2025 3:54 pm

That’s the ClimDiv data that are warming at a slower rate than the ‘pristine’ USCRN data, right?

observa
July 27, 2025 3:47 am

Why would you ever doubt the integrity of scientists?
Cancer research misconduct sparks calls for reform
It’s why they wear white coats isn’t it?

Scissor
Reply to  observa
July 27, 2025 4:56 am

Someone has to purchase those coats regardless of color.

Universities for many years now require faculty to document their financial conflicts of interest with various disclosure forms. These are partially directed toward improving integrity but mostly are for protecting the university from liability of fraud. Even universities themselves inherently doubt their employees’ honesty.

sturmudgeon
Reply to  observa
July 27, 2025 4:23 pm

Piller’s book “Doctored”, outlines what has been going on with Alzheimer’s disease & Dementia, and the fraud/carelessness, etc. by the ‘highly respected’ scientists in that field. The pharma products being used appear to be harming, rather than ‘easing’, because they are based upon faulty science. The FDA appears complicit… who woulda thot..

Quondam
July 27, 2025 4:11 am

Models and Muddles

Those who have survived two semesters of Calculus are aware it comes in two flavors, Differential and Integral. Sanctioned climate models are differential. Local properties are assigned to microscopic cells and macroscopic solutions sought for ensembles of coupled cells. Integral models are based on macroscopic boundary parameters. The First Law in differential models is div(J)=0, J the flux of internal energy. For integral models, it is a surface integral of this vector function which vanishes. In Classical Thermodynamics, fluxes exist for extensive parameters, e.g. free energy and entropy. The surface integral of the former is the negative of a system’s dissipation (=>0), of the latter the rate of entropy formation (=>0). For equilibrium systems, these integrals vanish. For steady-state systems they are constant. For time-dependent systems, definitions of temperature remain moot. (The Boltzmann distribution describes only systems of uniform temperature and maximum entropy.)

Last year, I realized climate sensitivity, the variation of an energy flux with a surface temperature, could be calculated wholly from boundary values of flux and temperature for a linear dissipation model. (https://pdquondam.net/Linear_Dissipation_Models.pdf)

As a refinement, one may add constraints specifying boundary values for both radiative and convective fluxes with hypothetical functions describing their variation between boundaries. In the HBC model, convective flux is proportional to the product of a thermal gradient and an assumed function of altitude. Radiative flux is the sum of two gray gas functions, also assumed functions of altitude. All fluxes are functions of a common thermal profile, a polynomial with typically 7 or more coefficients to be determined. The solution for T(z) is that minimizing deviations of total energy flux from a mean value set by boundary conditions. Calculation makes use of a variational theorem that steady-state dissipation is a minimum for variations of a temperature profile with fixed boundary values. While sounding challenging, it takes a 10 year-old desktop about 5 sec to calculate 1000 point profiles for coupled systems of temperature, radiation and convection profiles given only boundary values. The assumed functions then let us model changes for dissipative parameters such as radiative absorption coefficients and viscosity with altitude.

Current climate models presume thermal gradients are set by ‘convective equilibrium’ and independent of CO2 concentrations. Qualitatively, our variational theorem implies nature uses all available variables to minimize the work required to maintain a steady-state energy flux. Net results for warming by CO2 doubling (3.7 W/m2) for a dozen HBC models with widely ranging functions for convection and radiation, 0.844±.045 K. For simple linear dissipation, 0.816K. HBC models include many cases with lapse rates both increasing and decreasing within a 5-9 K/km range.

Examples / Algorithms / Python Code for the aspiring masochist:
https://pdquondam.net/HBC_VIIb.zip

Reply to  Quondam
July 27, 2025 6:22 am

implies nature uses all available variables to minimize the work[-rate] required to maintain a steady-state energy flux.

Perhaps you meant minimize the action (? is / is not proportional to work[-rate] ?)
P.S. Please specify — ‘HBC’ <=> H.B.C. ??? And please don’t answer that one has to read the paper (https://pdquondam.net/Linear_Dissipation_Models.pdf) to break this code.

Reply to  Quondam
July 29, 2025 2:28 pm

The word quondam comes directly from Latin, with the meaning of “formerly,” and it’s been used in English since the 1530s. Definitions of quondam. adjective. belonging to some prior time. synonyms: erstwhile, former, old, one-time, onetime, sometime.

Sean Galbally
July 27, 2025 4:40 am

NET ZERO FOLLY STORY TIP

As most self respecting scientists know, man-made carbon dioxide has virtually no effect on the climate. It is a good gas essential to animals and plant life. Provided dirty emissions are cleaned up, we should be using our substantial store of fossil fuels while we develop a mix of alternatives including hydro-electric, nuclear power and fracking to generate energy. There is no climate crisis, it has always changed and we have always adapted to it.  It was not warm in the Ordovician ice age when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were 4000 ppm and have been 15 times higher than the 420 ppm it is  now, which is also the level around which it is becoming “saturated”. Any increase leads to little heat control. Also there was no industrial revolution then to be the cause. The present quantity of man-made carbon dioxide is insignificant compared with water vapour or clouds which comprise a vast majority of green-house gases. Man has no control over the climate. Statistically we are overdue a period of cooling.The sun and our distance from it have by far the most effect. This always  varies a little in cycles as the earth’s axis of rotation varies. Most importantly, the Net-Zero (“Decarbonising” or removing carbon dioxide) Policy will not do anything to change the climate. Countries like China, Russia and India are sensibly ignoring this and using their fossil fuels. They will be delighted at how the west is letting the power elites, mainstream media and government implement this Policy and the World Order Agenda 21/2030, to needlessly impoverish us as well as causing great hardship and suffering.

LT3
July 27, 2025 4:54 am

Here is an interesting correlation I found in which Lower Stratospheric temperatures have an inverted temperature relationship to surface temperatures during Nino perturbations. I boxed some of the significant Nino events to show the correlation, it is interesting that the 2015-2016 event does not exhibit this behavior.

El-NinoComparison
Reply to  LT3
July 27, 2025 2:58 pm

Lower Stratospheric temperatures have an inverted temperature relationship to surface temperatures during Nino perturbations.

I believe you will see your finding confirmed in a couple of nice HTE-related publications of the past ~ half-year. To my knowledge, these have never been cite in a WUWT article. With a little effort … they are not that obscure …

LT3
Reply to  Whetten Robert L
July 27, 2025 3:13 pm

What is HTE?

Reply to  LT3
July 27, 2025 6:25 pm

Sorry: Hunga-Tonga-Eruption (January 2022) and aftermath

LT3
Reply to  Whetten Robert L
July 28, 2025 2:33 am

Oh, I see. The data indicates that HT canceled the cooling effects of the Triple Dip La-Nina, before it amplified the El-Nino, if not caused the El-Nino by heating all the boxes in the Pacific assigned to Enso indicators, and caused the ritual chanting of El-Nino.

Reply to  LT3
July 28, 2025 4:55 pm

Thanks. Could you provide the reference (if you are quoting this interpretation from another source)?

July 27, 2025 5:12 am

Has anyone ever attempted actually to use experimentation to test any of these theories? The one and only mechanism by which CO2 can affect climate change is through the thermalization of outgoing 15 micron longwave infrared radiation. The oceans are warming, and what warms the oceans warms the atmosphere. Explain what is warming the oceans and you explain what is causing the climate change. 15 Micron LWIR won’t penetrate or warm water and that is very very easy to test. Dry ice emits 15 micron LWIR, so simply put dry ice in an IR reflective container and focus that additional 15 micron LWIR on a bucket of water and compare the temperature change to a control. What is warming the oceans is more visible radiation reaching the oceans, not trapping outgoing LWIR. Explain what is warming the oceans and you explain climate change and it isn’t due to CO2.

BigE
Reply to  CO2isLife
July 27, 2025 7:43 am

Based on some recent reading/postings on this site, I am starting to be convinced the reduction in aerosols/sulfur emissions starting in the early 1970s led to reduced cloud cover. The reduced cloud cover allowed for the incremental solar warming to the earth and oceans. CO2 levels responded accordingly to the slight incremental temperature increase, continuing the trend observed for 300 + years.
Too neat a synopsis?

Rich Davis
Reply to  BigE
July 27, 2025 5:18 pm

It’s one factor among many

Reply to  BigE
July 28, 2025 3:22 am

“Too neat a synopsis?”

There was a similar magnitude of warming to today from the 1910’s to the 1930’s. There was no official reduction in SO2 during this period of time.

And the temperatures cooled about 2.0C from the 1940’s to the 1970’s, while CO2 amounts were increasing.

So it seems that neither gas, SO2 or CO2 has had much effect on the temperature trendline. Something else is causing these warming and cooling oscillations.

Sparta Nova 4
Reply to  BigE
July 28, 2025 8:22 am

There is no single “control knob” for weather trends/climate.

Oversimplification is only for the masses who are too busy to think about it (and are receptive to Appeals by Authority) or too illiterate or uneducated to be able to critically think about what is presented.

Richard M
Reply to  CO2isLife
July 27, 2025 8:10 am

Explain what is warming the oceans and you explain climate change

Not completely true. You also need to understand what cools the oceans. We know evaporation is a big factor. Lots of things effect evaporation. Wind, temperature, purity, …

The last one has generally been ignored. Humans do have an impact with our many forms of pollution. E.g. microplastics. There are likely natural salinity variations as well. I think this is one area which is avoided because climate science only wants to focus on emissions.

Reply to  CO2isLife
July 27, 2025 8:39 am

Why on earth would you use a source at -81ºC instead of using CO2 gas at room temperature which would emit about 7 times more 15 micron radiation as your source! And that radiation does penetrate the water and will warm the surface.

Reply to  CO2isLife
July 27, 2025 9:16 am

‘Dry ice emits 15 micron LWIR…’

I really hate being the one who’s always raining on your dry ice parade, but:

Dry ice (solid CO2) at its critical temperature absorbs and emits a continuum of thermal radiation around its highest emission peak of 15 microns due to its temperature. (See Wien’s displacement law). So would any other form of condensed matter, including a steel bar, a rock, regular ice or even you, if cooled down to the same temperature.

On the other hand, CO2 gas at room temperature, an example of non-condensed matter, does not absorb and emit a continuum of thermal radiation, but rather, only absorbs and emits photons at specific wavelengths, one of which happens to be 15 microns.

To be brief, there are very valid reasons to be skeptical of CO2-driven CAGW. I hope for all our sakes that when Trump’s EPA argues for taking down the CO2 Endangerment Finding, they have a better argument than ‘CO2 doesn’t do anything because dry ice is really cold’.

Sparta Nova 4
Reply to  Frank from NoVA
July 28, 2025 8:25 am

Thermal radiation and electromagnetic radiation are different forms of energy as demonstrated by Eunice Foote in 1850. Not thermal radiation. IR radiation.

Reply to  Sparta Nova 4
July 28, 2025 9:51 am

What do I know? I only have a (very dated) degree in ChE. I would be interested, however, in seeing your take on the attached article on ‘thermal radiation’, which also references EMR. Thanks!

https://modern-physics.org/thermal-radiation-spectrum/

Reply to  CO2isLife
July 27, 2025 11:03 am

About 48% of sunlight is IR light which would be absorbed in the first few mm of the surface. Visible light can penetrate deeper into the ocean where it will be absorbed resulting in heating of the water.

Rich Davis
Reply to  CO2isLife
July 27, 2025 5:15 pm

It’s not so simple as that. Obviously it’s the sun that heats the ocean and the land. The relevance of the long-wave infrared is not in warming anything. It’s in delaying of cooling during darkness.

But…
who cares? Whether a little more CO2 delays cooling a little or that factor is overwhelmed by emergent heat transport phenomena, the empirically observed effect has been trivial and will certainly continue to be a mild improvement if indeed the warming has been to any degree caused by enhancing the life-giving natural greenhouse effect.

THERE IS NO CLIMATE EMERGENCY!

There are however many real man-caused emergencies to attend to.

Sparta Nova 4
Reply to  CO2isLife
July 28, 2025 8:20 am

Definition of thermalization is moving towards or achieving thermal equilibrium.
It has nothing to do with conversion of electro magnetic energy to thermal energy.
This is one of those words that has been hijacked, redefined, and repurposed/weaponized.

That aside, CO2 is roughly 400 ppm (0.04%). That means the rest of the atmosphere outnumbers CO2 by ~ 2500 to 1. Regardless of how much kinetic energy one assumes CO2 “thermalizes” from IR, it is highly diluted.

Gregory Woods
July 27, 2025 5:16 am

Story Tip >>>

EPA Expected to Say Greenhouse Gases Aren’t Harmful | Newsmax.com

A terrible court decision that should be rectified as quickly as possible.

Gregory Woods
Reply to  Gregory Woods
July 27, 2025 5:40 am

A terrible decision that has cost the US hundreds of millions of dollars…

July 27, 2025 5:50 am

SMALL MODULAR REACTORS
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/small-modular-reactors
.
SMRs sounds good, but the electricity cost/kWh would be at least 2 times gas fired CCGT plants.
Such plants are up to 60% efficient, have very low CO2/kWh.

It would take at least 5 to 8 years to build SMRs at a rate of say 50 units per year, because the US no longer has the thousands of educated and trained nuclear engineering professionals capable of designing any nuclear plants. 
The US lost that capability after Three Mile Island in March, 1979, more than 45 years ago.
.
Also, the US has not enough working-age people who 1) know how to do more complicated stuff, 2) care enough to do it, 3) have the work ethic and mental discipline, or 4) are otherwise inspired to make them selves useful.
Factories have 400,000 unfilled jobs, but there are few skilled, ambitious people to take them. 
People have weird expectations; they want to make big bucks doing nothing.
.
The US has a total lack of Science/Technology/Engineering/Mathematics (STEM) professionals who are in high places to call the shots. 
The US has been filling the shortfall with Chinese, Indian, etc., STEM folks.
The vacuum at the top was filled by lawyer/liberal arts/enviro functionaries who know next to nothing, except obstruction; Hochul, Newsom, etc., are demagogue-style examples.
.
At present, no country is set up to produce, say 50 SMRs per year, at 200 MW each.
China, Russia, South Korea, and the US, with large command/control economies, would be the only countries able set up the required A-to-Z infrastructures.
.
A 500 MW (2 units at 250 MW each) CCGT power plant can be built in two years, at a turnkey cost of $2000/kW.
New York State has finally agreed to allow the building of the gas pipeline from Pennsylvania to New England.
.
If four countries were building 50 SMRs/y each, it would require:

Increased uranium mining,
Processing the uranium into fuel bundles,
Constructing factories to produce components and subassemblies,
Constructing factories for assembling the final units near harbors.
Shipping the assembled unis to the site, likely by ship or barge,
Selection and preparation of the site near harbors,
Adding the remaining balance of plant systems,
Plant test operation of each subsystem,
Connecting the plant to the grid, with switchyard,
Test operation of the entire plant,
Commissioning the plant to produce electricity at design output

AI systems require lots of steady electricity 
Each major AI system should be required to have its own power plant
.
By definition, weather-dependent, variable/intermittent, grid-disturbing, heavily subsidized, expensive wind and solar systems do not qualify.
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/high-cost-kwh-of-w-s-systems-foisted-onto-a-brainwashed-public-1 

Derg
Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 8:51 am

Have to start somewhere. Relaxed regulations will really help with innovation.

Steve Oregon
July 27, 2025 6:16 am

This may be the dumbest thing I’ve read in a week or two. If there weren’t so many asinine things regularly published nowadays it would be over a longer period of time.

https://www.aol.com/lifestyle/earth-tilted-31-5-inches-113000956.html
Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story:

  • When humans pump groundwater, it has a substantial impact on the tilt of Earth’s rotation.
  • Additionally, a study documents just how much of an influence groundwater pumping has on climate change.
  • Understanding this relatively recent data may provide a better understanding of how to help stave off sea-level rise.
Gregory Woods
Reply to  Steve Oregon
July 27, 2025 6:32 am

Just squeezing an orange has an impact on the Earth’s rotation. Like the butterfly effect…

sturmudgeon
Reply to  Gregory Woods
July 27, 2025 4:34 pm

I do not relish having butterflies in my orange juice.

Reply to  Steve Oregon
July 28, 2025 6:48 am

31.5 inches = 0.000002% if my math is correct

July 27, 2025 6:48 am

Europe Attempts to Entangle US with Expensive Offshore Windmills that Produce Expensive Electricity
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/europe-attempts-to-entangle-us-with-expensive-offshore-windmills
.
Net zero by 2050 Euro elites tried to entangle the US, with help of the unpatriotic, leftist Biden clique, into going down the black hole of 30,000 MW by 2030 of expensive, highly-subsidized, weather-dependent, grid-disturbing offshore windmill systems, which would need expensive, highly subsidized, short-lived, battery systems for grid support.
.
The windmills would have produced electricity at about 15 c/kWh, about 2.5 times greater than from US-fueled gas, coal, nuclear, reservoir hydro plants. Such expensive W/S electricity would have made the US even less competitive in world markets.
Any US tariffs on the European supply of wind systems would greatly increase their turnkey capital costs/MW and their electricity costs/ kWh.
.
Almost the entire supply of the wind projects would be designed and made in Europe, then transported across the Atlantic Ocean by European specialized ships, then unloaded at new, taxpayer-financed, $500-million storage/pre-assembly/staging/barge-loading areas, then barged to European specialized erection ships for erection of the windmill systems. The financing would be mostly by European pension funds, that pay benefits to European retirees.

Hundreds of people in each seashore state would have jobs during the erection phase
The other erection jobs would be by specialized European people, mostly on cranes and ships
.
Hundreds of people in each seashore state would have long-term O&M jobs, using mostly European spare parts, during the 20-y electricity production phase.
.
Conglomerates owned by Euro elites would finance, build, erect, own and operate almost all of the 30,000 MW of offshore windmills, providing work for many thousands of European workers for decades, and multi-$billion profits each year.
.
That Euro offshore wind ruse did not work out, because Trump was elected.
Trump hating Euro elites are furious. Projects are being cancelled. The European windmill industry is in shambles, with multi-$billion annual losses, lay-offs and tens of $billions of stranded costs.
.
Trump spared the US from the W/S evils inflicted by the leftist, woke Democrat cabal, that used an autopen for Biden signatures, and pulled the strings of an on-the-beach/in-the-basement Biden, an increasingly dysfunctional Marionette.
.
Trump declared a National Energy Emergency, and put W/S/B systems at the bottom of the list, and suspended their licenses to put their rushed, glossy environmental impact statements, EIS, under proper scrutiny.
.
Euro elites used the IPCC-invented, “CO2-is-evil” hoax, based on its own “science”. 
These elites used: 
.
1) the foghorn of government-subsidized Corporate Media to propagate scare-mongering slogans and brainwash the people, 
2) censorship to suppress free thinking on town hall forums, 
3) election interference, as in Moldova and Georgia, 
4) ostracizing /marginalizing major political parties to produce desired outcomes, as in Germany. 
.
Wall Street elites saw an opportunity for tax shelters for its elite clients. 
Woke politicians were “cut-in” on $juicy deals to pass subsidies, favorable rules and regulations, and impose government mandates.
Euro elites wanted the US to deliver electricity to users at very high c/kWh, to preserve Europe’s extremely advantageous trade balance with the US.
 https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/international-trade-is-a-dog-eat-dog-business

July 27, 2025 6:51 am

THE US HAS LOPSIDED TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH ALMOST ALL “TRADING PARTNERS”
https://willempost.substack.com/p/the-us-has-lopsided-trade-agreements?r=1n3sit&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&triedRedirect=true
.
Before NAFTA, Canada and Mexico always had annual trade deficits with the US
After NAFTA, Canada and Mexico, with investments by European and Asian companies, have huge DUTY-FREE annual trade surpluses with the US.
.
After NAFTA, foreign (and US) companies shipped parts to Mexico and assembled cars, with their entire production shipped DUTY-FREE into the US.
That is Trojan Horse exploitation that is sucking wealth/jobs from the US.
.
After NAFTA, Dutch companies shipped automated greenhouses, the size of airplane hangars, to Canada (which provides almost- free gas and electricity as an incentive), with almost their entire production shipped DUTY-FREE into the US.
That is Trojan Horse exploitation that is sucking wealth/jobs from the US
.
Dutch/Belgian conglomerates own more than 50% of the food supermarkets on the US East Coast.
That means plenty of shelf space for European farm goods to the disadvantage of US farmers.
Europe has been doing this since the disastrous 1960s Kennedy Round, which opened US markets, without the US getting any lower tariffs and lower non-tariff barriers from Europe.
Euro elites loved Kennedy
.
Free Trade?
Japan has a 700% tariff on US rice. India has a 100% tariff on US rice, Egypt has a 65% average tariff on all US goods. Canada has a 290% tariff on US dairy products.
Canada’s current economy would not be viable without the US as a neighbor. Same with Mexico
.
Living in Vermont, we buy, throughout the year, electricity (GMP), propane (IRVING), gasoline (IRVING), and some greenhouse vegetables and flowers from heavily subsidized Canadian/Dutch/French companies in Quebec.
Perot, a Texas businessman, predicted NAFTA would be sucking tens of $billions of wealth and millions of jobs out of the US. Deluded, brainwashed Americans laughed at Perot at that time.
CBS News “reported” 70,500 American factories (millions of jobs lost) have closed since the start of NAFTA
.
Trump is doing the right thing with tariffs to increase US production of goods and services for domestic use and export,
that will employ tens of millions of workers, build strong families and communities, and will reduce imports of goods and services, and will transform decades of wealth/job-sucking trade deficits into trade surpluses to MAGA
German Economist: Trump Tariffs are Saving US
https://www.windtaskforce.org/profiles/blogs/german-economist-trump-tariffs-saving-us

Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 7:24 am

Canada still has a trade deficit with the U.S. once you subtract oil and gas from Western Canada. You are gullibly accepting the party line. Tariffs are just a way for governments around the world to get more money out of their citizens. They just don’t want to say so, and are making it sound like they are undertaking righteous “trade wars” with their neighbors for employment purposes. In reality, costs will go way up because trade is a result of many people and businesses buying what they want or need….where they find it at least cost. Government can change that by applying artificial costs that they collect. Econ 201.

puckhog
Reply to  DMacKenzie
July 27, 2025 7:47 am

Agreed entirely, the above post misses the forest for the trees. Okay, Japan has a large tariff on US rice, how much does that actually cost the US vs how much a “righteous” trade war will cost?

As a Canadian, I hate our market management in dairy and other products. I’m entirely on board with challenging that. But you don’t throw out the whole trading relationship over that issue. A targeted tariff regime with clear goals could make a lot of sense. These actions by the Trump administration are not that.

Reply to  puckhog
July 27, 2025 8:49 am

Above a certain quantity of product, Canadian tariffs on U.S. dairy products  
Milk: Tariffs can reach up to 243%.Butter: Tariffs can be as high as 298%.Cheese: Tariffs can reach up to 245%. 
This screws the US farmer, already for decades.

Canada allows almost no access by US financial firms, but France and UK are welcome

Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 9:24 am

Wilpost, oh, party line swallower…there are 16 US banks operating in Canada with over $100 billion in assets under management. They choose not to operate in the competitive street corner banking business because in Canada credit unions galore exist and don’t allow household loans to be a money making business.
re: Ag tariffs, are never paid, it just means the trucker has to decide to a) turn around since why would anyone pay more in tariffs than your load is worth elsewhere b) dump whatever part of his load is above quota c) accept payment for the part of the load that is within quota and zero for what is over.

It doesn’t screw the US farmer….allowing US ag conglomerates to dump their overage into Canada screws Canadian farmers. Matching US subsidies to farmers screws the Canadian taxpayer.

No country allows other countries to control their food supply if they can help it. They’ve had historical precedent for when home grown food really was a matter of national security.

Reply to  DMacKenzie
July 27, 2025 10:21 am

US agricultural imports

In 2024, the US imported a record $213 billion in agricultural products, according to the USDA

Mexico, Canada, and the European Union are the top three import sources for the US

These imports are primarily driven by consumer demand for high-value products like fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages. 

US agricultural exports to Canada were about $33 billion in 2023

Japan has a 700% tariff on US rice. India 100%,
Egypt 65% average tariff on all US goods. 
.
On quantities in excess of quota, Canadian tariffs on US dairy products are: Milk: up to 243%. Butter: up to 298%, Cheese: up to 245%. 
This screws US farmers, already for decades.

Reply to  DMacKenzie
July 27, 2025 10:45 am

Multiple sources confirm that there are 16 US-based bank subsidiaries and branches currently operating in Canada, with assets totaling approximately C$113 billion. 
.
These banks provide a variety of financial services including corporate and commercial lending, treasury services, credit card products, investment banking, and mortgage financing. They serve both customers involved in cross-border business activities and the domestic Canadian market. According to the Canadian Bankers Association, US banks make up roughly 50% of all foreign bank assets in Canada. 
.
Examples of US banks with a presence in Canada include Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Citigroup, US Bank, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Northern Trust, and PNC Bank. Some other prominent US banks operating in Canada include Comerica Bank, Fifth Third Bank, M&T Bank, and State Street Bank. 

Rich Davis
Reply to  DMacKenzie
July 27, 2025 2:21 pm

Frankly I could not give a damn about access to Quebec’s butter market.

The real issue is that Canada spends only 1.4% of GDP on defense while aggressively jawing about supporting the Ukrainian dictatorship (with NATO money mostly contributed by the US).

And also I no longer give a damn about defending Europe or the UK since they are no longer democracies and have no free speech.

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 29, 2025 8:42 pm

Hmm…Sure Canada should spend more, but 1.4% of GDP was a lot of money for the 9th largest economy in the world to spend…and it wasn’t that long ago Trump said NATO wasn’t worth being a member of….but Putin changed all that. As far as Canada WAS concerned, the nearest possible belligerents are thousands of miles away across impassable tundra, permafrost ice floes, and freezing ocean, or across the Atlantic or Pacific and Canada aimed at being a non-aggressive nation, so military spending was reduced. But with the latest turn of world events, ships and planes are on order, military recruitment is up….

Derg
Reply to  puckhog
July 27, 2025 8:55 am

We have no idea what Trump’s intentions are. I would imagine in negotiations you don’t publish your accepted policy.

kudos to Trump for recognizing how US products are punished all over the world. Canada and Mexico got sweet deals with NAFTA.

Reply to  Derg
July 27, 2025 9:48 am

Canada and U.S. just got an equally reciprocal deal of tariff-les trade on many common trade items. It wasn’t even close to free trade. USMCA is a MANAGED trade agreement with quotas designed for highest possible employment in 3 countries. In fact U.S. employment remains high despite the “US job-loss” meme being a popular political wedge issue.
Trump, mostly on advice of Lutnick, believes that tariffs can be a good source of government revenue, which can be blamed on foreign countries policies. It seems to be working so far.
In reality, a lot of the tariffed items, steel, aluminum, lumber….the U.S. can’t supply their own demand at double the price without doubling whole industrial facilities at huge and unnecessary cost, so tariffs won’t do anything except raise prices relatively immediately, and “beggar-thy-neighbor” long term.

Reply to  DMacKenzie
July 27, 2025 10:35 am

Foreign countries took advantage of USMCA by sending parts to Mexico, building assembly plants, sending finished cars into the US DUTY-FREE, instead of paying tariffs of 8% on finished cars built in Japan, Korea, Germany, etc.

Ford and GM, to stay competitive, did the same.

The US negotiators screwed the American worker BIG-TIME

USMCA will be renegotiated in 2026
Imported finished cars will pay 15 – 20%
Foreign companies will send parts to the US, or make them in the US and build finished cars in the US for sale in the US and export

Reply to  wilpost
July 29, 2025 9:03 pm

Trump wants 15% on imports to increase gov’t revenue. Stated desire for U.S. jobs is mostly a sales gimmick. U.S. unemployment at 4.1% is low, and if you want skilled workers in any industry you can’t find them. Gonna be even worse with skilled immigrants sent home. Unemployment will possibly go down another percent, prices up 5% is the best that can be done, unless the fed devalues the U.S. dollar which makes imports more expensive and tariff revenue higher, so watch for that one…..

Simon
Reply to  Derg
July 28, 2025 5:19 pm

We have no idea what Trump’s intentions are. …”
Nor does he from day to day it seems. The “hokey Tokey” president. You tariff this this much, you tariff that this much…..

Reply to  DMacKenzie
July 27, 2025 8:45 am

More than $100 billion tariff increase through June 2025, but there has been no/minimal increase in consumer price index and producer price index, because the company supply chains made adjustments to remain competitive; Toyota vs Honda vs BMW.

The supply chains ate the tariffs, not the US consumer

Reply to  wilpost
July 29, 2025 8:46 pm

Possibly, but not for long when shareholders see the drop in profits and insist on higher returns…it will be the consumer who pays…like always.
The stock market is making your assumption…shareholders will hold management toes to the fire and profitability will win after a year or two.

July 27, 2025 7:26 am

Immunity for Presidents of the United States

Much has been made about presidential immunity from prosecution lately, and has resurfaced after Trump accused Barack Obama of being a Traitor to his nation for his efforts to stage a Coup on the Trump administration using the full force of the federal government.

This is what Dictators do. This is what the Democrats attempted to do.

As to whether Obama is immune from prosecution because he is president, the answer is he is NOT immune.

When this came up with regard to whether Trump was immune from prosecution while president, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled a president is immune when conducting the business of president, and he is NOT immune for actions outside official business.

If Donald Trump walked out on the street and shot someone dead, he could be prosecuted for that whether he was president or not, and the same goes for former President Obama if he does something outside his official duties. Ginning up an illegal attack on his political opponents like he did against Trump, qualifies as being outside a president’s official duties.

As for the Statue of Limitations, there appears to be an ongoing conspiracy among Obama and the Democrats, so that may not apply here.

And if there is a conspiracy, part of that conspiracy took place in Florida, so a grand jury could be formed there instead of in Washington DC where 97 percent of the residents are Democrats. Or at least, Trump only got three percent of the vote in Washington DC, so you don’t want your grand jury formed in Washington DC, if the grand jury is investigating Democrats.

I am SO glad the truth is finally coming out, although you wouldn’t even know it was going on if your news source is leftwing. They are pretending there is nothing to see here.

Yeah, but Tulsi has the evidence, the paperwork and a lot of whistle blowers coming forward.

It’s a Slam-dunk that Obama and his cronies are guilty of trying to use the power of the federal govenment to turn the United States into a One-Party system, with them in charge, and the way they were going to do that was to destroy Donald Trump.

But then the Good Lord intervened.

Oh, what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive: Sir Walter Scott.

Rich Davis
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 27, 2025 12:57 pm

(Imagine a picture of Venus de Milo since I can’t get one to upload)

The statue of limitations

sturmudgeon
Reply to  Rich Davis
July 27, 2025 4:47 pm

With no arms, what would you expect she could ‘upload’?.. (even if it’s just a picture.)

Rich Davis
Reply to  sturmudgeon
July 27, 2025 5:34 pm

Maybe Elon’s put one of those chips in her head sturmudgeon!

Rich Davis
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 27, 2025 1:14 pm

All kidding aside about statutes with no arms, Tom, I am done getting excited about anything that Republicans put out as red meat that we all know will go nowhere. When Blondie indicts them and Kash Patel or Dan Bongino hauls them in to do the perp walk then I’ll change my tune.

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 28, 2025 3:39 am

I understand your skepticism. 🙂

Simon
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 27, 2025 1:22 pm

Tom, you do know this is a complete load of nonsense the Obama thing don’t you? This is Trump saying stop looking at Epstein and look over there. This has already been investigated by a bipartisan group, which included his now secretary of state Marco Rubio and they found nothing. If is pure easy to see garbage. And even if it were true, all Obama would have to prove in court would be that he genuinely believed there were issue surrounding Russian involvement in the elections which there obviously was.
Meanwhile Trump is sending his personal lawyer to talk to Maxwell in prison. WTF. You want to talk about interference and abuse of power…. start right there. Nothing short of an independent inquiry is going to quell public interest in the Epstein thing. The US people have a right to know the names of scumbags who abused these 1000 young girls.

Rich Davis
Reply to  Simon
July 27, 2025 1:49 pm

Umm, partial credit Simon. This most likely is distraction (and they can prove us wrong with indictments, arrests, and trials).

But Rubio didn’t “find nothing”. Brennan lied his liar ass lying ass off to the committee.

I’m sure that the indictments are sitting on Blondie’s desk, though. Any century now…

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 27, 2025 2:26 pm

Perjury at the very least, treason even
He has lawyered up

Rich Davis
Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 3:00 pm

If anyone is crooked in the Deep State, Brennan absolutely exudes evil.

Reply to  Rich Davis
July 28, 2025 4:09 am

They’ve got Brennan dead to rights. He lied to Congress on numerous occasions.

It will just depend on where he is tried and whether he gets a Democrat judge or not.

Reply to  Simon
July 27, 2025 2:24 pm

But Obama had been assured Russian influence was a hoax, but organized a posse to pursue it anyway, and the posse folks knew it was a hoax.

Simon
Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 3:00 pm

But Obama had been assured Russian influence was a hoax, “
Really? Come on then let’s see what evidence you have for that? There was stacks of evidence the Russians were involved including Muellers report. He said Russian interference in the 2016 election was “sweeping and systemic.”
And… Major attack avenues included a social media “information warfare” campaign that “favored” candidate Trump[2] and the hacking of Clinton campaign-related databases and release of stolen materials through Russian-created entities and Wikileaks.”
I’d say that’s pretty comprehensive and certainly not a hoax, wouldn’t you?

Reply to  Simon
July 27, 2025 6:28 pm

Just wait when the evidence is presented in Court.

Reply to  Simon
July 27, 2025 7:56 pm

You do know that the last person Putin wanted as President would the Trump, don’t you.

And you do know basically everything you have read in the MSM, CNN etc , is a bald-faced LIE. !!

Simon
Reply to  bnice2000
July 27, 2025 11:07 pm

“You do know that the last person Putin wanted as President would the Trump, don’t you.”
You have got to be joking. Trump is the goon who stood on the stage in Helsinki and told the world he believed the murderous dictator Putin over his own secret service. Trump has sucked up to Putin like a puppy dog begging for food. Putin loves having trump as his lap dog and has told the world so.

Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 4:27 am

In the video Trump said he had great confidence in his intelligence people.

What Trump doesn’t have confidence in is Obama’s intelligence people. His questioning of all the mistakes the intelligence people made is directed at the Obama intelligence people, not the intelligence community in general.

You are mischaracterizing what Trump said.

Trump did not cooperate with Putin on the election, as we know for certain now, so it makes perfect sense that Trump would agree with Putin when Putin says there was no cooperation with Russia on the election, because there wasn’t any cooperation.

Derg
Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 9:31 am

Your TDS is so profound. You know he is smarter than all of you combined. We can’t have honest discussions about policy because the leftist won’t admit anything Trump does it good. It is why you are losers.

Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 4:16 am

wilpost: “But Obama had been assured Russian influence was a hoax, “

Simon:”Really? Come on then let’s see what evidence you have for that?”

The evidence for that is every presidential briefing that took place before December 6, 2016.

Before that date, the presidential briefings said that there was no evidence of a Russia/Trump connection.

After December 6,2016, Obama called for a new analysis, and after Obama’s call, the next presidential briefing claimed the Russians and Trump were cooperating. It was all made up out of thin air, Simon. And you bought it. Don’t feel bad, you were not the only one fooled. You have millions of others in your same boat.

Yeah, Obama didn’t like intelligence that had no cooperation between Trump and Russia, so he asked for a different report, and his CIA Director gave him just what he wanted: A pack of lies to use against Trump and his 77 million supporters.

Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 7:17 am

Amen

Simon
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 5:24 pm

I see no where in your post that Obama said he knew the Russia thing was a hoax. We do know for sure now that Russia interfered in the election as stated by the republican Mueller

Derg
Reply to  Simon
July 27, 2025 3:37 pm

When are you going to find that pee pee tape 😉

Simon
Reply to  Derg
July 27, 2025 4:54 pm

When are you going to tell the truth and admit I never ever said there was a pee tape despite your ravenous, mindless attempts to say I did. I can’t imagine how small a mind it takes to entertain yourself with such simple stuff.

Derg
Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 8:31 am

lol…Dude you were always claiming Russia colluuuusion. You had links and everything to fake news. Trump is smarter than any Democrat. Someone is going down for Collusion…I wish it was Obama, but he can always claim the deep state told him it was true.

Reply to  Derg
July 28, 2025 6:56 am

The most ironic part of all is that “Russian collusion” is just a euphemism for “treason”.

Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 3:39 am

“Tom, you do know this is a complete load of nonsense the Obama thing don’t you? This is Trump saying stop looking at Epstein and look over there. This has already been investigated by a bipartisan group, which included his now secretary of state Marco Rubio and they found nothing.

You sound like CNN, Simon. That’s the same talking points they are using.

As for Rubio’s investigation, you and CNN are mischaracterizing the findings. The U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee, that Rubio was head of at the time, did find that Russia was attempting to interfere in the election in minor, ineffectual ways.

But the important finding, and the one you and CNN and the Democrats are ignoring is Rubio’s report found that there was NO COOPERATION or COLLUSION between Trump and Russia with regard to the election.

The Obama intel officials said that there was no indication that the Russians were favoring Trump.

If I recall correctly, the Russians tried to hack a few State voter databases in 2016, with little effect, and they put trolls on some of the social media sites, and they spent a couple of hundred thousand dollars promoting two political rallies, one for Hillary Clinton and one for Donald Trump. And that’s about the extent of Russian interference, which all agree, had no effect on the outcome of the election.

In August of 2016, Obama’s CIA Director told Obama in the president’s daily briefing that they had evidence that Hillary Clinton was fabricating a smear job on Trump by trying to make it look like Trump and the Russians were cooperating in getting Trump elected. And the Russians were well aware of what Hillary Clinton was up to. DNI, Tulsi Gabbard has the Obama CIA directors hand-written notes for this briefing stating the above.

So, before the election of 2016, the Russians and the Obama administration knew good and well that the Hillary Clinton “Russia Collusion” narrative was a hoax, yet they used Hillary’s “Steele Dossier” as a means to investigate Trump and cripple his term in office.

No Russian collusion with Trump, Simon. That’s what the official finding is. The Democrats have been lying about this for almost ten years now.

So all these investigations of Trump by the Obama and Biden administrations were based on lies, and the perpetrators knew they were lies. They lied to the FISA Court to get warrants to spy on the Trump administration.

Why isn’t the FBI agent who lied to the FISA Court in jail right now? Can you say, Deep State, Judge Boasberg? He was a FISA judge, and he is also one of the principle Democrat judges holding up Trump’s executive actions even as I write. He is the one that let the FBI agent off on time served. A slap on the wrist for a treasonous FBI agent.

Simon
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 5:28 pm

“The Obama intel officials said that there was no indication that the Russians were favoring Trump.”
You keep saying this with no proof Tom.

“No Russian collusion with Trump, Simon. ”
OK so all below is 100% true. How is this not at the very least concerning….

“Muellers report detailed at least 140 points of contact between Trump and 18 of his associates with various Russian nationals. Mueller also identified 10 instances in which Trump actively tried to obstruct justice in order to keep investigators from learning more about his and others’ contacts with Russians.

Among other things that came out of that investigation:

Paul Manafort either admitted guilt or was convicted of: illegal foreign lobbying on behalf of pro-Russian Ukrainian politicians (Manafort had, in fact, been working illegally as an unregistered agent for pro-Russian interests since 2006), money laundering, tax fraud, lying to investigators, and lying under oath before a grand jury concerning his contact with a Russian associate during the 2016 campaign.

Rick Gates pled guilty to one count of conspiracy against the United States, as well as one count of making false statements to the FBI and to the Special Counsel about his status as a foreign agent for Ukraine (he was working together with Manafort on behalf of pro-Russian politicians).

George Papadopoulos was convicted of lying to investigators about his contacts with two Russian nationals and a professor connected to Russia. Papadopoulos lied about having discussions with them regarding the dirt the Russians claimed to have on Hillary Clinton, as well as about Papadopoulos’s attempts to plan a Trump campaign trip to Russia.

Richard Pinedo was convicted of selling bank account numbers to Russians who engaged in election interference.

Roger Stone was convicted of five counts of lying to Congress on matters related to the Trump campaign’s potential ties to Russia and the records he had of them, as well as one count of witness tampering, and one count of obstruction of a proceeding- all related to Russian election interference.

Michael Flynn pled guilty to lying to the FBI about his connections to the Russian ambassador.”

And the list goes on….

Simon
Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 7:45 pm

Anyway back to the issue Trump wants us all to look away from.

DJT in ’24: “RELEASE THE FILES!”
DJT in ’25: “PROTECT THE ‘PHILES!”

What changed Tom?

Simon
Reply to  Simon
July 28, 2025 11:27 pm

Or
“I’m releasing the list.”
“But Mr President …. you are on the list.”
“THERE IS NO LIST!!!”

Reply to  Simon
July 30, 2025 10:34 am

Take it up with the Judges, Simon. Trump has asked them to release the transcripts.

Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 27, 2025 2:20 pm

We need convictions, including Obama, who will walk, due to immunity, to ensure minimal fabricated denials by perpetrators and their cabal of supporters.

Rich Davis
Reply to  wilpost
July 27, 2025 3:08 pm

What we need, what we vote for, is usually not what we get.

Reply to  wilpost
July 28, 2025 4:35 am

Yes, I think some people should go to jail for Treason.

Obama may get off legally, but I’ll be satisfied if the Department of Justice (DOJ) produces enough evidence to show just what a Traitor Barack Obama is. He tried to undermine the Democratic process. He tried to create a One-Party nation, with him or his surrogates, in charge. The Democrats are still making this effort.

The American People need to know the truth about the Extreme, Authoritarian Democrats, and what they have in store for the average American if they ever get political power again.

We want the truth. Let the chips fall where they may.

Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 7:23 am

Dems had invested so much in their uni-party, so when it blew up (the lack of corrupt federal/USAID money flow, etc.) they had no viable alternative.

Hence the hand-wringing/flailing/grasping at straws/obstructionist law-fare, and abysmally low poll numbers

Trump/GOP will gain several Senate members and at least 25 House members in 2026

Reply to  Tom Abbott
July 28, 2025 9:06 am

Yes, I think some people should go to jail for Treason.

Each country has a different definition of precisely what constitutes “treason”.

I have the (probably incorrect) notion that for the USA “treason” is only applicable if America is in an officially declared “State of War” with an internationally recognised “country / nation state” (?).

I recently copied the following extract from an article by Thomas Knapp who put it this way :

The term “treason” gets thrown around a lot by Republicans and Democrats alike to describe each others’ actions, but it’s a word with a specific legal meaning laid down in Article 3 of the US Constitution:

“Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.”

Treason is a crime of war. The US has not legally been in a state of war since December 31, 1946 (when Harry Truman signed a presidential proclamation declaring the end of World War 2).

.

“You”, the American DOJ (+ ???), should be able to convict a lot of people of “Seditious conspiracy” (18 USC 2384) though …

rhs
July 27, 2025 7:37 am

Story tip – Kathy Mulvey from UCCS provides “proof” that Bug Oil has been lying:
https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/5400399-fossil-fuel-industry-climate-accountability/amp/

If I had a dollar for every could in there proof, I could be rich!

rhs
Reply to  rhs
July 27, 2025 7:38 am

Nearly as important, mud shows Artic Ice has been seasonal rather than persistent:
https://scitechdaily.com/ancient-mud-just-shattered-a-750000-year-old-ice-myth/

rhs
Reply to  rhs
July 27, 2025 7:40 am

Not to be outdone by their own article, floating seaice is a climate time bomb?
https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-turned-dusty-navy-photos-into-a-climate-time-bomb/

rhs
Reply to  rhs
July 27, 2025 7:42 am

God news around weaker Atlantic Currents, more O2 for the tropics:
https://phys.org/news/2025-07-weaker-atlantic-currents-oxygen-tropical.amp

rhs
Reply to  rhs
July 27, 2025 7:45 am

Svalbard to melt, now with actual data:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-60926-8

rhs
Reply to  rhs
July 27, 2025 7:52 am

Not sure how the title matches the story when reading past the first paragraph states Boston is sinking:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jul/24/flood-boston-climate-deniers-trump-administration-coastal-city-resilient

observa
July 27, 2025 7:45 am

It’s like this Gretaheads. It’s either AI or the Chinese coal fired EVs-
The AI explosion means millions are paying more for electricity

July 27, 2025 8:11 am

Why AI is causing summer electricity bills to soar
America’s largest power grid is warning that AI-driven electricity use is pushing prices up for everyone
https://www.foxnews.com/tech/why-ai-causing-summer-electricity-bills-soar

observa
Reply to  More Soylent Green!
July 27, 2025 7:25 pm

Yes but AI good for touchscreen Gretaheads so no way well to do EV owners all charging at night will impact struggletown’s power bills. You know it makes sense.

Neo
July 27, 2025 11:20 am

Biden Admin’s $7.5 Billion EV Initiative Built Fewer Than 400 Charging Ports in 3 Years, Watchdog Says 

Reply to  Neo
July 27, 2025 2:27 pm

Where is the rest of the money? OMG

Reply to  wilpost
July 28, 2025 5:34 am

It’s even worse than that:

AI search:

“Recent news reports and commentary, particularly from July 2025, criticize former Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg regarding the allocation of funds within the Department of Transportation (DOT) during the Biden administration
.
Critics allege that the DOT under Buttigieg prioritized spending over $80 billion on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives, which they claim is at least half of the department’s typical annual budget during his term. They point to approximately 400 DEI-related grants under Buttigieg, compared to about 60 under the previous administration, citing examples of alleged inefficiency such as a $5 billion electric vehicle charging station effort that reportedly resulted in only seven stations. Some sources also claim Buttigieg dismissed air traffic control upgrade proposals.”

There’s a whole lot of Democrat corruption going on.

One could buy/build a lot of political influence for $80 billion.

Reply to  Sweet Old Bob
July 28, 2025 5:42 am

I looks like Trump and the EU have reached a deal that is satisfactory to all. That’s good. That’s what we want.

Trump, just a few minutes ago, was standing next to Starmer and lecturing Europe on illegal immigration, telling them they have to stop it.

It was reported, although I didn’t hear it myself, that Trump said “No more windmills for the United States and was telling Europe they should do away with theirs.

I love this guy! He tells the truth whether people want to hear it or not.

Neo
July 27, 2025 4:38 pm

MIT’s Richard Lindzen, Professor of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Emeritus, and Princeton’s William Happer, Professor of Physics, Emeritus, published a paper titled PHYSICS DEMONSTRATES THAT INCREASING GREENHOUSE GASES CANNOT CAUSE DANGEROUS WARMING, EXTREME WEATHER OR ANY HARM.

Their message is simple: CO2-driven warming poses no danger to the planet, while the net-zero policies designed to reduce CO2 do more harm than good. 

Lindzen and Happer use physics to demonstrate that CO2’s warming effect is limited by its logarithmic absorption of infrared radiation. The warming effect of each molecule of CO2 decreases as its concentration increases. They estimate low climate sensitivity (~0.5–1.5°C per CO2 doubling), which is far below the IPCC’s range of 2.5–4°C.

https://open.substack.com/pub/timlynch/p/the-climate-alarmism-grift-is-dying?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web