When will we ever stop running out of resources?

earth-emptyThis is a shout-out to  Tim Worstall’s latest “Weekend Worstall” column on The Register

Limits to Growth is a pile of steaming doggy-doo based on total cobblers

The Guardian praised it? Right, now we know for sure

 

Keeping a technologically based civilisation on the road isn’t all that easy. There must be stuff available to make stuff from and there’s got to be energy to do the transforming of that stuff. If we posited something like The Culture by Iain M. Banks, where there’s a universe of stuff to transform and an entire universe’s worth of energy, then there’s no real limit to either how rich that society can get nor how long it can last.

Similarly, if all the stuff runs out in a few years’ time, as does all the energy, then humanity will go back to being a couple of million hunter gatherers pretty sharpish.

What we’d really like to know, of course, is which version of the universe do we inhabit: one where Paul Ehrlich is right and we all starved in the 1980s, or one in which, around 2300 or so, the Jetsons finally get their flying cars?

Fortunately we’ve had people trying to work this out for us. One example was the Club of Rome which got together to create a report called Limits to Growth.

This was very much more optimistic than Paul Ehrlich was: this report said that we should all start dying around about now as all the stuff ran out. It’s not, as we can see around us, happening quite yet. Yes, people are dying in Ukraine and Syria and so on, but that’s from an excess of high explosive being sent their way, not from a lack of it. Never mind, though, the Guardian tells us it’s about to start happening real soon now:

Limits to Growth was right. New research shows we’re nearing collapse. Four decades after the book was published, Limit to Growth’s forecasts have been vindicated by new Australian research. Expect the early stages of global collapse to start appearing soon

Well, yes, real soon now, no doubt. And the guy who has checked this research must be believed: Graham Turner is a physicist who used to work for CSIRO in Oz. And CSIRO are just great guys: they actually cited me in one of their academic papers so they must be. So, obviously, we should all just curl up and die right now, right?

Read on at The Register

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September 7, 2014 2:39 pm

@mikerestin 1:06 pm
As the saying goes “We didn’t leave the stone age because we ran out of stones.
I like that saying, but the truth of the matter is that we did leave the Bronze Age because we ran out of tin.
This is a story from
The Doomsday Myth: 10,000 Years of Economic Crisis(1984). It is a great rejoinder to the Club of Rome’s thesis. The authors, Texas A&M professors Charles Maurice and Charles Smithson, describe 10 episodes in human history where we were running out of a precious resource. Changes in “price” and “technology” quenched each crisis. Some chapters I remember:
Flint for arrow heads.
Bronze (my favorite, see below), we learn to work iron.
Greeks changed ship construction because of a shortage of wood.
We were running out of trees for heating. Enter coal.
We were running out of trees for railroads. Enter better engineering and creosote.
We were running out of oil (from whales). Come Pennsylvania.
Rubber from trees.
Running out of food. Green revolution.
1970’s oil crisis. Let price rise. Drill in deeper waters, far away places, build tankers.
The Fracking revolution and rebirth of US Onshore drilling and production should be an 11th Chapter.
The Bronze story, as I said was my favorite. At the end of the Bronze Age, iron was a known metal, but it was quite expensive. Archeologist have found silver rings with iron wire as ornamentation, like we use diamonds. Bronze is a mix of copper and tin. Copper was local to Greece, but tin needed to be imported. The Phoenician pirates put a crimp in tin shipments for about 80 years. In that time the price of Bronze went up, Bronze recycling became common place, and metal smiths looked for alternatives. They found ways to smelt and work iron. In those 80 years, the price of iron relative to bronze dropped by a factor of 10,000. Thus began the Iron Age.

Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 7, 2014 6:16 pm

SR, better check your geophysics and TRR estimates for fracking.
And pray tell, what renewable substitute for JP 1 jet fuel, or ordinary diesel to power agricultural and forest products equipment, do you foresee? Hydrogen? Not at all. Biofuels? Not enough. Methane hydrates? Not possible to sufficiently produce. Electricity? Not without physically impossible (per current physics) storage breakthroughs. All explained with pictures at a high school level in the forthcoming book. You could learn some stuff for just ten bucks.
Please work the science out, rather than citing transitions from stone to metal, from low temp metals to high temp metals…all requiring increasing energy that might run short (not out).
Oh, and please explain how the green revolution can be duplicated. How it was accomplished was explained in my inexpensive ebook Gaias Limits. Which by itself, without the further details therein, also explains why a second equivalent Green Revolution is beyond unlikely…Clue–Once you been there and done that, it is very hard to repeat same biologically.

Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 7, 2014 7:23 pm

After tonight, I wouldn’t read [your] book now if it was free.
For the past couple of hours, by not supplying references and links, you have given every indication that it is not well researched.

Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 7, 2014 11:59 pm

I have worked out a way to replace those. At the risk of being boring, and citing it agan..
http://www.templar.co.uk/downloads/Beyond_Fossil_Fuels.pdf
I agree almost totally with you except that there is a very narrow way in which we could just about stay a reasonably technological society and maintain a reasonably high population without fossil fuels.
Hint. It ain’t ‘renewable energy’

richardscourtney
Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 8, 2014 12:07 am

Rud Istvan
You ask

And pray tell, what renewable substitute for JP 1 jet fuel, or ordinary diesel to power agricultural and forest products equipment, do you foresee? Hydrogen? Not at all. Biofuels? Not enough. Methane hydrates? Not possible to sufficiently produce. Electricity? Not without physically impossible (per current physics) storage breakthroughs. All explained with pictures at a high school level in the forthcoming book. You could learn some stuff for just ten bucks.

The substitutes do not need to be “renewable”; they only need to be available, sufficient and affordable.
Such substitutes can be be obtained from coal now.
You could learn some stuff for nothing; search the web for the Liquid Solvent Extraction (LSE) process. I will not waste “ten bucks” on your picture book.
Richard

Rud Istvan
Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 7, 2014 9:03 pm

Stephen, as you wish. Please do remain in ignorance devoid of the citations you seek. That does NOT mean they do not exist. Only that you do not know of them in the usual academic formats. How fitting.

Steve from Rockwood
September 7, 2014 3:13 pm

If human intelligence is a resource, this article could be a warning call…

September 7, 2014 3:27 pm

Harrison 1:16 pm, @Rud Istvan 1:56 pm , Willis Eschenbach 2:27 pm
This talks about 3 Unconventional Resource Plays in the USA. One of them, the Sprayberry/Wolfcamp of the Permian Basin is believed by some to be ultimately the second largest oil field in the world. It will take a lot of wells, but each one is profitable.
From: Wolfcamp shale graduates to ‘world class’ play 10/01/2013

According to [Pioneer NRC CEO Scott] Sheffield, the company will test 13 zones within the next 3 years. Sheffield noted that recoverable reserves were based solely on the Wolfcamp A, B, and D shelves and the Jo Mill formation. The potential is enormous, and “more reserves are yet to be discovered,” Sheffield said.
Pioneer combines its Spraberry/Wolfcamp acreage. It operates on the northern end of the play, which is said to contain an estimated 3,500-4,000 ft of shales, which translates to nearly 3 to 4 million acres when considered in 3D space as opposed to surface area. “Compare that to the Eagle Ford shale formation, which is about 300 ft thick and the Spraberry/Wolfcamp shale, with its 50 billion boe, begins to dwarf the Eagle Ford and the Bakken with 27 billion boe and 13 billion boe, respectively,” Sheffield said.
The Wolfcamp’s variety of geological zones places it as a frontrunner among the world’s largest onshore plays. Based on recoverable reserves, the Wolfcamp is second only the Ghawar field in Saudi Arabia. “We believe this field will reach 100 billion boe recoverable reserves at some point in time,” Sheffield said.

Pioneer lists on its <a href=http://www.pxd.com/docs/default-document-library/profile.pdf?sfvrsn=26 Proven Reserves of 0.845 billion boe. Note, this is just this one company. The SEC definitions of “Proved” reserves is highly restrictive to including what is currently developed, or very near a developed location.
The nature of the unconventional play is that you drill like manufacturing, continuous development. You cannot count your resources as reserves until you have drilled them or drilled next to them. “Two miles down, two miles horizontal, in twenty days. And repeat. – Continental Resources. “It’s like Groundhog Day — it is the same thing every day — you just get better at it.” – Dennis Degner, Range Resources (August 13, 2013 URTeC)

Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 7, 2014 5:46 pm

Tell you what. You invest your life saving in this PR and I will believe you are serious. That is called a Bayesian prior. What say?
Or, you might do a little research on this formation, which isn’t even listed by over optimistic EIS among the top tight oil plays. And EIA did publish a full assessment (albeit wrong about the Monterey) last year.

Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 7, 2014 6:45 pm

That’s enough, Rud. Supply links to something other than your own book.
I supplied links. I supplied quotes. You do neither.

Rud Istvan
Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 7, 2014 8:42 pm

Well, actually I did. You ignored them because not site formatted for your convenience.
My deliberate intent. Do your own research, as I have done. Not he said, she said.
Try EIA, Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: an assessment of 137 shale formations in 41 countries, release date June 10, 2013.
Try On May 21, 2014, EIA revised the Monterey estimate down 97% to 0.6Bbbl. EIA Director Sieminski told the press, “The rock is there, the technology isn’t…”

Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 7, 2014 11:09 pm

@Rud Istvan 8:42 pm
“The rock is there, the technology isn’t…”
the technology isn’t ….TODAY!
What do you think The Doomsday Myth and most of this post is talking about? How looming resource shortages prompts developments in technology to make more and alternative resources available for use – and to switch demands to make use of alternatives.
As for the Monterrey Shale,

“The Monterey is vastly more complex than the Marcellus or Eagle Ford,” Clarke told UOGR. The high degree of variability of the formation throughout the state and even within individual basins likely means that a variety of drilling and well stimulation techniques will be needed to exploit it. The Monterey comprises many different facies of rock requiring different approaches to oil extraction.
Some areas are composed of calcareous material that is not amendable to hydraulic fracturing because cracks created in the rock can reseal relatively easily. “A little of the calcium carbonates dissolve and then [the fracture] fills back up,” Clarke said. Other areas have brittle dolomite, which fractures easily, making it an ideal candidate for fracing.
Clarke said the shale formation needs more research. “We have all these different variations, and what we haven’t done yet as geologists is we have not gone in and mapped where those variations are and how they change,” Clarke said.

Catherine Reheis-Boyd, president of the Western States Petroleum Association, said the US Geological Survey estimated in 1995 that the Bakken shale in North Dakota held just 151 million bbl of oil. Now, the agency figures the formation holds [ 7,400 million ] bbl of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil, and production is approaching 1 million b/d.
The EIA’s downward revision of Monterey reserves reflects only that the current state of technology [and changing regulation] is unable to unlock the full potential of the play. The amount of oil contained in the formation has not changed.

September 7, 2014 3:34 pm

We are still in the Iron Age. More abundant and more widely used than any other metal. The start of the Iron Age varies with geography…the discovery of iron smelting and metallurgy in the Middle East approximately 3-4000 years BP; in North America with the arrival of the Europeans.

Reply to  rocdoctom
September 8, 2014 12:36 am

Well many would argue that the iron age was replaced by the coal age, then the oil age, and we are just about to embark on the nuclear age.
Or if you want to stick to materials rather than energy, we have had the aluminium age, and this is the carbon fibre and ceramics age..
We called it the bronze age because that’s what the things we dug up out of the ground were made of.

Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 7:44 pm

The Silicon Age and the Lithium Age could be mixed in with the Carbon Fiber age. Yea, as you dig down the pile, the specific silicon chip would date a layer to a handful of years.

commieBob
September 7, 2014 4:29 pm

Another mistake the Club of Rome makes is that it assumes that the demand for material will increase as the economy expands.

In 1972, the Club of Rome in its report The Limits to Growth predicted a steadily increasing demand for material as both economies and populations grew. The report predicted that continually increasing resource demand would eventually lead to an abrupt economic collapse. Studies on material use and economic growth show instead that society is gaining the same economic growth with much less physical material required. Between 1977 and 2001, the amount of material required to meet all needs of Americans fell from 1.18 trillion pounds to 1.08 million pounds, even thought the country’s population increased by 55 million people. Al Gore similarly noted in 1999 that since 1949, while the economy tripled, the weight of goods produced did not change.[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dematerialization_%28economics%29

There is also evidence that we are now throwing out less stuff than we used to. That implies that we are actually using less resources than we used to and that dematerialization is actually accelerating. This was predicted by Buckminster Fuller who pointed out that there is no limit to such dematerialization.

Reply to  commieBob
September 7, 2014 5:49 pm

You are correct. And the energy intensity of the overall economy also declines as services become more important. All also figurated in the book you obviously have not read.

commieBob
Reply to  Rud Istvan
September 7, 2014 6:13 pm

I quote a wiki article on dematerialization. I cite information from a couple of papers I’m too lazy to look up. I quote Buckminster Fuller. You accuse me of not having read some book that you obviously think I should have read.
I’m having difficulty seeing whatever point you are trying to make. Some people would tell me not to feed the trolls. I’m giving you the benefit of doubt.

Reply to  commieBob
September 7, 2014 6:42 pm

To your above comment, CommieBob, I will rest my case. Thanks for the admission.

Reply to  commieBob
September 7, 2014 11:55 pm

You can criticise – and you are right to criticise – the club of Rome on the details. But not on the main thesis, which is that growth itself is unsustainable.
Everything that grows in the Universe, does so by tapping into an entropy flow, and eventually that flow ceases, and it dies. Or it itself becomes a victim of its own growth.
To date, we dont see any way to avoid that inescapable conclusion. Yes, some new quantum level effects may give us access to infinite energy and zero entropy, but until it does we had best stick with the physics we have got, take note, and adjust out thinking accordingly.

David A
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 6:55 am

Your universal entropy timeline is meaningless, as it applies to time scales 100 percent irrelevant to civilization. Here are two posts from E.M. Smith, filled with both facts, and logical deductive reason on why we do not need to worry, if we are willing. Energy and resources are abundant and cheep for all meaningful time scales pertinent to social policy.
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/05/08/there-is-no-shortage-of-stuff/
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/03/20/there-is-no-energy-shortage/
Now be certain to read the comments as well, because your objections are well dealt with.

Resourceguy
September 7, 2014 4:45 pm

Just don’t call it a peer-reviewed “right” on limits to growth because it’s wrong, again.

Alan McIntire
September 7, 2014 5:14 pm

Resources are not an issue, thanks to conservation laws. The only limiting factor is energy- as long as the government doesn’t butt in- that would be no problem.
On to a more ridiculous topic. Despite the Jetsons, Star Wars, and Back to the Future, , I don’t think we’ll EVER have flying cars. They’re too dangerous. Imagine the catastrophic results of putting beer and teenage boys in a flying car environment.

David Ball
Reply to  Alan McIntire
September 7, 2014 5:58 pm

Natural selection?

Martin S
Reply to  Alan McIntire
September 7, 2014 6:23 pm

Lightsabers. Seriously, it must be the most dangerous weapon to the user and those around him ever thought up. Can you imagine the ‘elf ‘n safety nightmare it would be to get something like that approved for use?
Future tech might be exciting, and scifi has allready influenced our current tech, but the really exciting stuff like flying cars, lightsabers and laser guns will either never be invented or never accessible to us. But i do want a tardis and a sonic screwdriver.

Reply to  Alan McIntire
September 7, 2014 11:49 pm

they would all be computer controlled.
(the flying cars)

Mark Luhman
Reply to  Alan McIntire
September 8, 2014 12:13 am

As How about a car that fly itself. We are just about to that point with autos. All be it thirty years late, the futurist of the sixties say it would happen by the 1990s.

September 7, 2014 5:51 pm

Malthus was right; he was just two hundred years too early. Wait, make that two hundred and fifty years.

Reply to  Michael E. Newton
September 7, 2014 6:27 pm

Michael, you are about right in the timing. You may have meant only irony, in which case your post is doubly ironic. Malthus got three things wrong.
1. Resource extent. He did not know about the US Ogallalla aquifer. By know, we more or less do for all basic resources like oil, gas, coal, arable land, water aquifers…
2. Innovation. He did not imagine center pivot Ogallalla irrigation nor hybrid corn.
3. Substitution. In his day, transportation meant horses, NOT iron horses…
All that can be accounted for inconsiderable (admittedly hard slog) detail. And was in Gaia’s Limits. You might check it out before posting further.

David A
Reply to  Michael E. Newton
September 8, 2014 10:46 pm

not even then, or much later.
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/03/20/there-is-no-energy-shortage/
http://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/05/08/there-is-no-shortage-of-stuff/
Great Links. Richard C, I know you in particular would enjoy these posts.

Leigh
September 7, 2014 5:53 pm

I once read somewhere that there is no such thing as ‘over-population’ of anything. Simply because the surplus always die.

Reply to  Leigh
September 8, 2014 12:39 am

I think most people would say that overpopulation is the state of surplus people dying (young)…

thingadonta
September 7, 2014 6:10 pm

The greens don’t want any development of any kind, like North Korea, so they would run out of stuff at the market, but not resources.
They can then buy their own stuff from somewhere else which has a market, which is what North Korea does. So I suppose that as long as someone has a market, the greens will keep saying we are going to run out of resources.

David L. Hagen
September 7, 2014 6:27 pm

Energy Return on Energy Invested
Objective evaluation requires evaluating understanding the energy required to recovery and convert energy into useful fuel for transport (or electricity to run electric vehicles), including a complete “Well to Wheel” analysis. EROI of oil has plummeted from > 100 to about 12 in the US.
See Prof. Charles Hall
Peak Oil, Declining EROI and the New Energy-Economic Reality with Dr. Charles A.S. Hall
Publications especially on EROI.
Hall, Charles A.S., Jessica G.Lambert, Stephen B. Balogh. 2014. EROI of different fuels
And the implications for society Energy Policy Energy Policy. 64,: 141–152.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421513003856?np=y
http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S0301421513003856
Lambert, Jessica, Jessica G. Lambert, Charles A.S. Hall, Stephen Balogh, Ajay Gupta,
Michelle Arnold 2014 Energy, EROI and quality of life. Volume 64: 153-167
http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S0301421513006447
Hallock Jr., John L., Wei Wu, Charles A.S. Hall, Michael Jefferson. 2014
Forecasting the limits to the availability and diversity of global conventional oil supply:
Validation Energy 64: 130-153. (Article 12 in: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03605442/64/supp/C
Scholar Energy Return on Energy Invested
The implications of the declining energy return on investment of oil production
David J. Murphy DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0126Published 13 January 2014

Declining production from conventional oil resources has initiated a global transition to unconventional oil, such as tar sands. Unconventional oil is generally harder to extract than conventional oil and is expected to have a (much) lower energy return on (energy) investment (EROI). Recently, there has been a surge in publications estimating the EROI of a number of different sources of oil, and others relating EROI to long-term economic growth, profitability and oil prices. The following points seem clear from a review of the literature: (i) the EROI of global oil production is roughly 17 and declining, while that for the USA is 11 and declining; (ii) the EROI of ultra-deep-water oil and oil sands is below 10; (iii) the relation between the EROI and the price of oil is inverse and exponential; (iv) as EROI declines below 10, a point is reached when the relation between EROI and price becomes highly nonlinear; and (v) the minimum oil price needed to increase the oil supply in the near term is at levels consistent with levels that have induced past economic recessions. From these points, I conclude that, as the EROI of the average barrel of oil declines, long-term economic growth will become harder to achieve and come at an increasingly higher financial, energetic and environmental cost.

EROI of 3 is minimum for sustainability.
EROI of 7 is probably practical.
Ethanol only has EORI ~ 1.
What will replace cheap oil for transport?

Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 7, 2014 7:10 pm

Decent stuff, David.
But I don’t know where you get 3 as a minimum for sustainability.
Sustainability of what? The oil is getting used up faster than nature is cooking it. Sustainable business? Maybe, maybe not.
Kern River Oil Field, Bakersfield California, is a heavy oil steam flood. They burn at least 1 bbl for every 3 they pump, plus treat LOTS of water, at least 10 bbls water / bbl oil. And that knowledge is many years old. But they have been doing that for 34+ years.
What will replace cheap oil for transport? And farming. Don’t forget farming.
More expensive oil, naturally.
And food prices will rise as a result.
I worry more about irrigation, for we are not recharging our aquifers as quickly as we pump them.
What will replace JP1 or JP4?
Well, I suppose methanol, propanol, or some coal product out of a reformer.
There are alternatives, it is just today it is equivalent to printing $5 bills with $10 bills.
EROI is less important that the cost of the energy as input and the value of the fuel as output. Nothing stops us from using 10kJ of an intermediate, non-transportable energy source to create a 3kJ transportable form of energy. It’s EROI is decidedly less than 1, but we have transformed the energy into something more useful. Isn’t that what an electric vehicle is?

Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 7, 2014 11:48 pm

But EROI is exactly a measure of the cost of energy …and its sustainability.
You are entirely correct that we could e.g. used 10KJ of nuclear power to make 3KJ of gasoline. But we have to have the intermediate, non-transportable energy source available CHEAPLY first. That means that its EROI has to be a lot higher – three times higher – than the gasoline extraction EROI. before its competitive.
Fortunately the EROI of nuclear fuel is massive. And the economics of building the power stations are not bad at all. The real cost is in getting approvals to build it and to run it. Which is why nuclear power stations are three times cheaper to build in India or China, than in the West.

richardscourtney
Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 8, 2014 12:38 am

Leo Smith
You assert

But EROI is exactly a measure of the cost of energy …and its sustainability.

Nonsense! EROI is NOT “a measure” of either.
If it were then nobody would ever burn coal to make electricity; the EROI is pitifully small.
People buy the energy they need in the form they need when they can afford it.
EROI is an irrelevance cited by people wanting an excuse to present a false scare.
Richard

Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 8, 2014 8:08 pm

A key point about Kern River oil field is that cogeneration is a significant part of it’s profitability. They use natural gas for running gas-turbine generators, sell the power to the grid and use the waste heat to generate steam for injection into the fields. They say they get 80% thermal efficiency. It also means the use less of the oil product for steam gen. Burn the cheap/clean gas, refine the oil for transpiration fuels.
A good write-up in The Oil Drum: A Visit to Chevron’s Kern River Heavy Oil Facility Feb. 10, 2009.

David L. Hagen
Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 8, 2014 7:52 am

Re Minimum EROI of 3
Hall, C.A.S., Balogh, S., Murphy, D.J.R. 2009. What is the Minimum EROI that a Sustainable Society Must Have? Energies, 2: 25-47.

In doing so we calculate herein a basic first attempt at the minimum EROI for current society and some of the consequences when that minimum is approached. The theory of the minimum EROI discussed here, which describes the somewhat obvious but nonetheless important idea that for any being or system to survive or grow it must gain substantially more energy than it uses in obtaining that energy, may be especially important. Thus any particular being or system must abide by a “Law of Minimum EROI”, which we calculate for both oil and corn-based ethanol as about 3:1 at the mine-mouth/farm-gate. Since most biofuels have EROI’s of less than 3:1 they must be subsidized by fossil fuels to be useful.

See also special issue on EROI
See below What Priority: Climate or Energy?
for examples of consequences of depleting resources.

Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 8, 2014 4:35 pm

L. Hagen 9/8 7:52 am
RE: Minimum EROI of 3
I don’t disagree with the conclusion about biofuels in the blockquote, but I do with the line of reasoning and the minimum of 3.
somewhat obvious but nonetheless important idea that for any being or system to survive or grow it must gain substantially more energy than it uses in obtaining that energy
As written, it is a violation of the 1st law of Thermodynamics. The trick is neglecting some of the inputs. It is true a cheetah cannot spend more energy chasing down prey than the energy value of the prey. But we don’t count as inputs into the system the energy built up by the prey eating the grass grown in the sunlight.
But the fundamental problem is — not all energy is equal . To take an extreme case, lasers have horrible EROI. Most of the energy input goes into heat. But the useful energy is highly refined and we do magic with it.
I can even imagine a situation where the EROI of oil extraction could be slightly below 1 and still be profitable: Oil and the need for compact and safe – highly valued – transportation fuels make it profitable to extract provided that cheap coal is used to make the steel for casings. Again, not all energy is equal. It is entirely possible that someday 4 MJ of coal will be traded for 1 MJ of crude oil. (We may be long past that point already.)
EROI is an important concept, but it is not a primary driver and 3 is not a magical threshold.

David L. Hagen
Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 9, 2014 7:30 pm

Stephen
Reread the definition: ” to survive or grow it must gain substantially more energy than it uses”
That addresses the availability of usable energy to a system, NOT a closed system.

Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 9, 2014 9:33 pm

David,
If you don’t talk about a closed system, then where are the boundaries? What inputs to you count though the boundaries. It makes the discussion quite fuzzy. EROI only makes sense as a measurement if the input form of energy has the same value as the output form of energy. It doesn’t. Usually we use a low value form of energy to create a quantitatively smaller, but higher valued form of energy or work.
As for growing systems, Life itself, the biosphere, has an EROI much less than 1 in you count the solar energy that gets through the atmosphere and clouds. And the chemical energy of H2S deep water smokers.
Life is all about taking a waste or low value form of energy and turning into something another form of life finds more valuable. As do the fungi, insects, grazers, predators, carpenters, machinists, and engineers, (and nanofabbers) along the food chain.

David L. Hagen
Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 10, 2014 8:53 am

Stephen
Look at the boundaries of the applicable system. e.g. oil recovery.
Look at the pragmatic uses of EROI. Costs go about as 1/EROI (adjusted for the relative prices of the energy used.) As oil EROI dropped from > 100 to ~ 12, price shot up 10 fold from dropping to ~ $10 in 1998 to > 100 recently.
The more difficult and more energy needed to recover oil, and thus the lower the EROI, the higher the price needed to recover it.

David L. Hagen
Reply to  David L. Hagen
September 10, 2014 9:01 am

Look at the hard realities of changes and increasing costs of oil recovery and of oil prices.
Energy return on investment, peak oil, and the end of economic growth
David J. Murphy and Charles A. S. Hall

Economic growth over the past 40 years has used increasing quantities of fossil energy, and most importantly oil. Yet, our ability to increase the global supply of conventional crude oil much beyond current levels is doubtful, which may pose a problem for continued economic growth. Our research indicates that, due to the depletion of conventional, and hence cheap, crude oil supplies (i.e., peak oil), increasing the supply of oil in the future would require exploiting lower quality resources (i.e., expensive), and thus could occur only at high prices. This situation creates a system of feedbacks that can be aptly described as an economic growth paradox: increasing the oil supply to support economic growth will require high oil prices that will undermine that economic growth. From this we conclude that the economic growth of the past 40 years is unlikely to continue in the long term unless there is some remarkable change in how we manage our economy.

David J. Murphy and Charles A. S. Hall. 2011. Energy return on investment, peak oil, and the end of economic growth in “Ecological Economics Reviews.” Robert Costanza, Karin Limburg & Ida Kubiszewski, Eds. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1219: 52–72.

Brute
September 7, 2014 6:53 pm

How “soon” is”soon”? Is it “soon” as in “climate change soon”, that is, next year, err, next decade, err, next three decades, err, next century, err…

SAMURAI
September 7, 2014 8:57 pm

There is little doubt there will be a complete global economic collapse in the relatively near future (3~10 years), but this collapse will not result from a shortage of raw materials, it’ll be from an over abundance of government: spending, taxes, rules, regulations, mandates, money printing and insane monetary/fiscal/social policies….
Gigantic governments have caused terrible misallocations of land/labor/capital giving us too much of some goods and services and too little of others, while greatly increasing the costs of everything. This misallocation of resources has bankrupted entire continents and destroyed their economies.
The only solutions to this mess is a return to free-market economies and free people, with severely limited governments, which only waste a maximum of 10% of GDP along with a return to gold/silver backed currencies and market-determined interest rates.
Until these solutions are implemented, economies will continue their boom/bust/collapse cycles and human and social advancement will be greatly curtailed.
CAGW government policies are just one manifestation of excessive government control, which, like all government intervention, is unwarranted, unnecessary and unwise.

Reply to  SAMURAI
September 7, 2014 11:41 pm

+1
Government’s solution to ending the boom and bust cycles are to eliminate the booms.
They haven’t worked much on eliminating the ‘busts’. Mark-to-Market is a bad idea still on the books.

In response to the rapid developments of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the FASB is fast-tracking the issuance of the proposed FAS 157-d, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset in a Market That Is Not Active.[11] – Wikipedia: Mark to Market accounting

“Fast Track…” for going on six years.

SAMURAI
Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 8, 2014 8:45 am

Governments around the world are basically trying to artificially keep their stock market/real estate/bond/bank bubbles inflated through: massive deficit spending, increased taxes, money printing, zero-interest policies, bank guarantees, lax lending standards, wasteful “stimulus” spending programs, etc.
The US Fed is planning to end QEternity next month, but will have to restart it again once bond yields start to rise, inflation increases and stock prices fall…
As soon as bondholders realize the US will only pay off its bonds with devalued dollars, they’ll dump their bonds and the it’s off to the races….

john robertson
September 7, 2014 9:16 pm

Interestingly enough, parasites will grow unchecked until they are limited by the health of the host.
The current ranks of parasites are swollen and the drain on the host immense.
So a certain limit to growth may have been reached.
If the global economic system crumbles into chaos, then these parasites will starve.
The cliche who brought us these concepts are fools.
Yes they are rich,successful creatures, but fools all the same.
They seem to fear most the idea of everyone else enjoying as affluent a lifestyle as they do.
That everyone else is likely to act as they have.
Pure projection, by ethically challenged creatures.
As they seem to have attempted to create the very situation they claimed to be warning us of, I think perhaps the Club of Rome may be part of the problem.

Editor
September 7, 2014 10:03 pm

Rud Istvan September 7, 2014 at 8:17 pm

My deliberate reason for not posting your requested precise links is to ‘teach’ all to ‘think’ for yourselves. The internet is a big place. It contains enormous amounts of ‘crap’. And also of ‘truth’. Sort it out for yourselves.

Rud, I don’t have either time or interest to play your damn “you go look for yourself” games. Either post the exact links and I’ll read them, or don’t and I won’t read them. I don’t care, it’s your claim to support or not support, but I don’t go on a google snipe hunt for any man.
w.

September 7, 2014 10:22 pm

We might reach peak population of 9.5 billion this century. That’s a limit to population growth. Not due to limit in natural resources. Population stops growing because women are having less babies. Lower fertility due to older average age.

September 7, 2014 11:39 pm

We have already reached some limits to growth, and if you dont recognise that people killing each other in the middle East is part of that, you haven’t thought it through.
Now before I go on, I will say that I consider renewable energy to be complete pants, and climate change a convenient lie. And that whilst I care about the environment deeply. the last people I would trust to act as its custodians are Greens.
But the earth is a finite place, and development based on the extraction of irreplaceable resources is not infinite.
Which means at some point that poverty is directly related to population. Cheap fossil fuel no longer exists. Just about everywhere that can be put to agriculture has been. Sure you can add in energy, make fresh water and the deserts will bloom, but its expensive.
Sure metals can be recycled, as can many other things, but again, it is expensive and it takes energy.
Energy postpones the inevitable. Perhaps for a very long time. But we are – unless we bite the nuclear bullet, running out of cheap energy too.
There are ways through all of this, but not if we shy away from nuclear power, try to maintain ‘sustainable growth’ and stick our heads in the sand. Today’s debt crisis is largely a symptom of faltering growth that cannot be sustained. We need to limit population somehow, and accept that less people means less poverty and a better life for fewer people.
Without artificial energy, we go back to a feudal system of agriculture. And a miserable short and enslaved life for far less people.. With energy, and there is only one source left relatively untapped – nuclear energy – we have a post industrial future. What it might consist of I have sketched out in a document.
http:///www.templar.co.uk/downloads/Beyond_Fossil_Fuels.pdf
You may choose to believe it or not, but the real issues facing the planet are not climate change or pollution but the decline of the energy industry. Population levels are already unsustainable: without plenty of energy we will crash, with enough energy we can make a soft landing into a reasonably affluent future. For less people, true, but still a lot more than a ‘renewable future’ and a lot more affluent too. Humanity hasn’t been renewable or sustainable since it first chipped an irreplaceable flint.
Do not make the great mistake of thinking that just because the Green tendency is to get everything 100% wrong, at some level they don’t accidentally get something right, once in a blue moon.
Of course their solutions are, given that they have no idea about the real world, ludicrous and completely impractical, but the problem does exist.
Wake up and smell the coffee. We HAVE run out of fresh water in many places. In Britain we ran out of cheap easy to extract coal some time around 1950. The USA has already run out of cheap easy to extract oil. Production is in decline. We have run out of – in Europe – farmland and places to build houses. Our economy is sustained on cheap middle eastern oil, which is also running out.
In crowded urban living, more and more rules are necessary, so we see a rise in authoritarian centralised doctrinaire governments of the Left. With average per capita incomes falling, to match rising populations, we see that debts incurred not to invest in infrastructure that can generate wealth, but in cheap consumer credit, will never ever be repaid.
This century will be a game of adjusting to a massive lack of resources and far far too many people, and developing a new economy based on zero growth in population, and exploiting what resources are not constrained – yet. And note the use of constrained. ‘running out’ is not the issue: economically exploitable is. WE never ran out of trees to build wooden ships out of, although we (UK) came very close. But they did become so rare and expensive that we couldn’t wait to build them out of steel. We never ran out of horses or places to graze them. but we did run out of economically viable horse transport.
We wont ever run out of water or oil, but we will run out of cheap water and oil.
We can in essence given a finite quantity of each element, construct any chemical compound and any structure we like molecular or macro, from the elements we infinitely recycle, but what we can’t recycle is energy – or strictly entropy. And we need that energy, to do the construction. Which is why the most important single factor in today’s world, is access to energy. And why the AGW scam and ‘renewable’ energy are the most dangerous delusions. We have, once the coal and oil and gas gets too expensive, only one high energy density source left – the atomic nucleus.
It is already cheaper – ex of paranoid regulations – cheaper to obtain energy from nuclear power than from any other source except coal, which is, in the USA and many other parts of the world, cheap and plentiful.
The contribution of the actual fuel raw mining costs itself is almost nothing. The fuel can get 100 times more expensive and hard to mine or extract, and the whole process is still economically viable. Breeder reactors can get around 100 times more energy out of uranium or thorium than is currently done. And from the waste too.
By the end of the century there will be only nations who are nuclear powered. The rest will be insignificant vassals, or gone altogether.
Judging by the idiocy of those who think renewable energy is the answer, or that conversely we aren’t running out of anything, the West will be long gone.

bobl
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 12:27 am

Let me put it this way, I can if I want move electricity with steel wires, I can if I want make electricity or intense heat from thorium, or maybe in the future even potassium or hydrogen from water using nuclear reactions. I can If I want make aluminium from clay. I can If I want make gasoline from cow poo. I can if I want, make diesel from vege oil (or whale blubber – ok, ok, we’ll farm the whales so we dont send them extinct). I can if I want mine stuff undersea. I can if I want make fresh water from salt water. We can heat things up to hotter than the sun. We can even transmute some elements (we can make helium from hydrogen). Who knows what we will be able to do in 1000 years time. Maybe we’ll be able to make copper from fusion of Silicon and Phosphorus
The way our chemistry and physics is RIGHT now, there isn’t any intrinsic limit to human survival or population, the limits are purely economic, they are not technical limits. We don’t do these things because right now we don’t need to, however there does to some extent need to be a new way. Money slows down our advancement, if we could do away with money somehow, so that the cost of doing difficult things is no longer an impediment to doing them then we would be in a better place.

more soylent green!
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 9:47 am

We have already reached some limits to growth, and if you dont recognise that people killing each other in the middle East is part of that, you haven’t thought it through.

No, I simply don’t see the world through the same Malthusian-dystopian fantasy glasses you do.
Ignorance of history is no excuse.

richardscourtney
September 8, 2014 12:19 am

Leo Smith, Rud Istvan, etc..
You each assert in the words of Leo Smith

You can criticise – and you are right to criticise – the club of Rome on the details. But not on the main thesis, which is that growth itself is unsustainable.

Rubbish!
The Club of Rome was plain wrong because its main thesis is plain wrong; potential growth is effectively infinite.
I have repeatedly explained this – including on WUWT – several times. I again repeat it here.
The fallacy of overpopulation derives from the disproved Malthusian idea which wrongly assumes that humans are constrained like bacteria in a Petri dish: i.e. population expands until available resources are consumed when population collapses. The assumption is wrong because humans do not suffer such constraint: humans find and/or create new and alternative resources when existing resources become scarce.
The obvious example is food.
In the 1970s the Club of Rome predicted that human population would have collapsed from starvation by now. But human population has continued to rise and there are fewer starving people now than in the 1970s; n.b. there are less starving people in total and not merely fewer in in percentage.
Now, the most common Malthusian assertion is ‘peak oil’. But humans need energy supply and oil is only one source of energy supply. Adoption of natural gas displaces some requirement for oil, fracking increases available oil supply at acceptable cost; etc..
In the real world, for all practical purposes there are no “physical” limits to natural resources so every natural resource can be considered to be infinite; i.e. the human ‘Petri dish’ can be considered as being unbounded. This a matter of basic economics which I explain as follows.
Humans do not run out of anything although they can suffer local and/or temporary shortages of anything. The usage of a resource may “peak” then decline, but the usage does not peak because of exhaustion of the resource (e.g. flint, antler bone and bronze each “peaked” long ago but still exist in large amounts).
A resource is cheap (in time, money and effort) to obtain when it is in abundant supply. But “low-hanging fruit are picked first”, so the cost of obtaining the resource increases with time. Nobody bothers to seek an alternative to a resource when it is cheap.
But the cost of obtaining an adequate supply of a resource increases with time and, eventually, it becomes worthwhile to look for
(a) alternative sources of the resource
and
(b) alternatives to the resource.
And alternatives to the resource often prove to have advantages.
For example, both (a) and (b) apply in the case of crude oil.
Many alternative sources have been found. These include opening of new oil fields by use of new technologies (e.g. to obtain oil from beneath sea bed) and synthesising crude oil from other substances (e.g. tar sands, natural gas and coal). Indeed, since 1994 it has been possible to provide synthetic crude oil from coal at competitive cost with natural crude oil and this constrains the maximum true cost of crude.
Alternatives to oil as a transport fuel are possible. Oil was the transport fuel of military submarines for decades but uranium is now their fuel of choice.
There is sufficient coal to provide synthetic crude oil for at least the next 300 years. Hay to feed horses was the major transport fuel 300 years ago and ‘peak hay’ was feared in the nineteenth century, but availability of hay is not a significant consideration for transportation today. Nobody can know what – if any – demand for crude oil will exist 300 years in the future.
Indeed, coal also demonstrates an ‘expanding Petri dish’.
Spoil heaps from old coal mines contain much coal that could not be usefully extracted from the spoil when the mines were operational. Now, modern technology enables the extraction from the spoil at a cost which is economic now and would have been economic if it had been available when the spoil was dumped.
These principles not only enable growing human population: they also increase human well-being.
The ingenuity which increases availability of resources also provides additional usefulness to the resources. For example, abundant energy supply and technologies to use it have freed people from the constraints of ‘renewable’ energy and the need for the power of muscles provided by slaves and animals. Malthusians are blind to the obvious truth that human ingenuity has freed humans from the need for slaves to operate treadmills, the oars of galleys, etc..
And these benefits also act to prevent overpopulation because population growth declines with affluence.
There are several reasons for this. Of most importance is that poor people need large families as ‘insurance’ to care for them at times of illness and old age. Affluent people can pay for that ‘insurance’ so do not need the costs of large families.
The result is that the indigenous populations of rich countries decline. But rich countries need to sustain population growth for economic growth so they need to import – and are importing – people from poor countries. Increased affluence in poor countries can be expected to reduce their population growth with resulting lack of people for import by rich countries.
Hence, the real foreseeable problem is population decrease; n.b. not population increase.
All projections and predictions indicate that human population will peak around the middle of this century and decline after that. So, we are confronted by the probability of ‘peak population’ resulting from growth of affluence around the world.
The Malthusian idea is wrong because it ignores basic economics and applies a wrong model; human population is NOT constrained by resources like the population of bacteria in a Petri dish. There is no existing or probable problem of overpopulation of the world by humans.
Richard

Mark Luhman
September 8, 2014 12:24 am

The funny part of this enter conversation is we presently only think of earth as a source of material, hell we have a whole solar system. We know there is methane on Titan, how much deuterium is in Jupiter or Saturn, What are the metals in the asteroid belt? One we get out of the gravity well of earth moving around the solar system is not that expensive energy wise. We are only limited by our imagination, hell who knew that we would have person computers sixty years ago, ditto for cell phones, top that off with plastic jet liners.

September 8, 2014 12:38 am

Leo Smith says:
We have already reached some limits to growth, and if you dont recognise that people killing each other in the middle East is part of that, you haven’t thought it through.

Let’s think it through: Hong Kong has more than fifty times the population density of the Middle East, yet the people there don’t go on bloodthirsty killing sprees, murdering each other 24/7/365 like they do in the Middle East.
Growth has nothing to do with it. There is ample land and resources available. I don’t claim to have the answers, but I can see that ‘running out of resources’ is not the problem.
People tend to think either/or. It’s not like that. Resources will become more expensive as they get scarcer. That’s all. They will not disappear, and as the price rises, substitutes will take their place.
As usual always, the eco-lobby is wrong.

Reply to  dbstealey
September 8, 2014 12:42 am

Hong Kong is a place where the vast resources of a particular hinterland are collected together.
Hong Kong is not short of mainland chinese resources.
The middle east is running out of its resources. China is not.
QED.

Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 5:12 am

Leo, Hong Kong has no resources either. It has industrious people. The ME doesn’t. That’s the difference.

Reply to  dbstealey
September 8, 2014 1:02 am

Oh, and by the way, do not insult me by putting me in the eco-lobby.
I am probably further from it than you are.
All the green crap is based on twisting of stuff that is a little bit true.
Carbon dioxide probably has an almost undetectable effect n climate, but it would be strange to claim it has none at all.
We aren’t running out of resources, but we are running out of CHEAP resources, and in the case of energy, there are no available replacements except nuclear power, and the greens hate that.
Everything is soluble with energy. Nothing is soluble without it,
Given energy at zero cost, we could keep the lights on in mines and tower blocks and grow food in artificial light. Given energy at zero cost, we could turn nitrogen in the air into fertiliser. Given energy at zero cost, we could desalinate the oceans for unlimited fresh water. Given energy at zero cost we could recycle minerals almost indefinitely.
The point is that energy at zero cost is what we no longer have, and renewables ain’t zero cost.
The lowest cost energy right now is coal, then nuclear. Then gas, then oil. And then renewables. So called.
Guess what the ranking is in the eco-lobbies. Almost the exact reverse.
ALL of our problems COULD be solved with human ingenuity. Except one. Energy. However human ingenuity is not what is on display here. It is in fact human stupidity, and refusal to face facts. And I am afraid its just as evident in the ‘Cornucopian’ mentality as it is in the Green mentality.
I note that those who glibly talk about human ingenuity are not themselves ingenueers. This who are, myself included, who have made a career and a livelihood out of being ingenious and constructing stuff that actually works, are derided.
Human ingenuousness is the problem here.
,
The same total lack of understanding of basic science is evidenced by Greens and those who deride Greens., alike. ‘we are running out of everything’ is stupid as is ‘we ain’t running out of anything’
We are most definitely running out of many things. Cheap things we used to take for granted. That are no longer cheap.
And refusal to face facts is what stops us applying ingenuity to solving them.

richardscourtney
September 8, 2014 12:45 am

dbstealey
You rightly say

People tend to think either/or. It’s not like that. Resources will become more expensive as they get scarcer. That’s all. They will not disappear, and as the price rises, substitutes will take their place.

Yes!
I have a post which explains this and hopefully will be readable when it comes out of mederation.
Richard

Tenuc
September 8, 2014 12:51 am

Leo Smith: September 7, 2014 at 11:39 pm
“Judging by the idiocy of those who think renewable energy is the answer, or that conversely we aren’t running out of anything, the West will be long gone.”
Wow! so much pessimism on this thread, as evidenced by Leo’s comment and Rud Istvan’s various diatribes.
It’s not government or other large NGO’s that will solve our ‘problems’. They are, and always have been, irrelevant regarding the break-through innovations we will need for future energy production.
As history shows us, it is usually individual innovators and entrepreneurs who change the way we do things. Mankind moves forward in step changes, so trying to use linear trends to predict our future is a pointless and futile exercise.

Reply to  Tenuc
September 8, 2014 2:28 am

You are right its not governments who will solve our problems.. Right now its governments that are standing in the way of the solution.
Damn right I am pessimistic, when I read rubbish that’s being posted here by individuals. Because governments pander to the idiocies and prejudices of people who write on blogs like these.
If people believe in stuff that simply ain’t true, then governments will act to get into power by pandering to those illusions, and the people will suffer.
I’ll veer off topic and explain the reasoning that lies behind the way I think.
There is, in a Western democracy, a system of social and psychological feedback: What people believe (right or wrong) becomes the basis on which products are marketed, and governments are elected. Profit and political power does not come from challenging peoples beliefs, but from reinforcing their prejudices.
People who challenge beliefs such as myself, are universally derided and make no profits at all. Fortunately I don’t have to.
To make the point still further, what we have in operation therefore, is a system of bigotry, prejudice and self deception that is self reinforcing.
Once an Idea becomes fashionable, its is taken up and used to sell products and political power, and becomes ‘the way it is’ . Social stability is achieved when everyone believes in the same bullshit. E.g. . Christianity as a good example.
The acid test is however whether the particular suite of bigotry prejudice and bullshit is in fact self sustaining not just within the sphere of societal beliefs, but in the sphere if the real world of physics and energy and so on.
Let’s take the raison d’etre of this blog site. Climate change. Would we actually give a damn about climate change and renewable energy being thrust down our throats if it wasn’t actually costing us real money and a reduced quality of life to maintain the Green Faith?
Nope. If 100 windmills did the job of one nuclear power station at the same cost – who cares ? If it makes the greens happy, its not worth worrying about. The problem is that they dont. 100,000 windmills still dont do the job that one nuclear power station does and they are far more expensive.
So we have a situation on which widely held and cherished beliefs are not just wrong. Wrong doesn’t matter really. Humanity has survived believing in all manner of stuff that was ultimately shown to be wrong or illogical, because it was also irrelevant. It didn’t actually do any harm, and sometimes – religion is a case in point, it probably did some good, in the strict sense of ensuring a societies survival.
But when its wrong AND relevant, we have a problem.
Societies that cling to false gods when they should be directing their attention to realities go down, and they go down HARD. Where are the Aztecs and the Mayans now? serving food in Spanish restaurants in Meso America. Or creeping over the border into Texas to cut your grass.
That’s what is facing us. Servants to the Chinese overlords, who happen to be a bit more ruthless and a bit more pragmatic and haven’t been infected with quite such stupidity?
You say ‘the greens are always wrong’ As a bit of short handed bigotry and prejudice, its an effective rule of thumb. Mostly Greens are wrong. Mostly.
However that does not mean they are always wrong, nor does it mean that anyone who takes a different point of view is right.
Just because limits to growth hasn’t been proved right (yet) doesn’t mean there are no limits to growth, as any oak tree can tell any sapling.
And in fact every civilisation that has collapsed did so because in some sense it reached a limit to its growth. Either because it failed to find an alternative to the resources it had exhausted (“the deserts of the middle east are the result of 10,000 years of organic farming”) or because another civilisation came along with something that trumped it (“Your god versus my rifles: No contest”).
The longest lived civilisations are the most static. And the most authoritarian. China is the example. NO innovations please, we are Chinese. Until innovation was forced upon them.
However I digress. The point is this. My enemy’s enemy is not always my friend, the world runs on stripped down ideas that are simple to grasp and inevitably too simplified to be right, but that doesn’t matter until and unless society faces an existential crisis.
The question is, is Western society facing an existential crisis? My belief is that it is. If you think otherwise, good luck with that.
The greens are vaguely aware that we are in a crisis – its the one thing they actually have got right, but have simply allowed themselves to be subverted into a global marketing and politics exercise which itself does not recognise that there is an existential crisis, and doesn’t actually care if there is, so long as they come out on top.
However they got the WRONG crisis. And in any case are now bought body and soul by Big Marketing.
The real crisis is exponential growth meets hard limits. And the financial near-collapse, and the debt crisis and al lot of nasty little wars are all symptoms of that. As is a generally falling standard of living in the West, and all the vicious infighting within it, and the general distrust of politics, corporations and authority in general.
And the hardest limit we are reaching is energy cost. But fortunately its is the easiest one to solve. Technically. But politically we have a situation where at least 50% of the population dont realise that they need it far far more than they don’t want it. Nuclear power is the only game in town and we need it desperately. But we wont get it until and unless people realise they have no alternative.
What will happen if we are to survive, is that we will learn that there is no such thing as sustainable growth, and that we came very very close to having unsustainable collapse, and that we cannot construct a society on the belief and the assumption that we will always have more next year than we had last year, At least not in gross material terms. And consumerism will die, because that is a symptom of exponential growth. At some point we will realise that actually you only need 3 or4 pairs of shoes. And you dont need a new hairdo every week. Or a new TV every 3 years.
But you do need new energy every day, just to stay where you are.
Almost everything (material) that we are short of or, is expensive can be solved technologically if we are not short of energy. ALMOST everything. We cannot manufacture elements (Yet) , but we can arrange the ones we have into any chemical compounds we like and construct anything we know how to.
So in theory we can sustain a much larger population than we have now. But is that really all we want to do? Is a world living in a single super global city run on nuclear power with hydroponic farms and no ‘natural spaces’ actually a world we want to live in?
I say that personally it isn’t, and that a world managed down to about 10% of its current human populations over a few generations is actually a better world to live in. I consider that urbanisation and its weird morality has made a very dangerous society, one in which we are so geared to meeting the artificial challenges of an artificial life, that if a real world event – like say an asteroid impact – comes along, we would be utterly unable to deal with it.
The Kalahari bushman will survive without electricity. The urban Londoner would die.
Which is why I say that we should manage down to less people, and be more aware of the non-human world.
So no techno-cities for me.
What we need is a lot of nuclear power, and a way to run everything we need off it, and less people and a better life and a lower population density life for those that remain. And stay close to nature, as well as being technically more sophisticated.
There is no reason really to have cities and towns. With decent transport and communications, and a moving away from heavy industry, they have no economic value.
Decentralised suburbs, or rural life beckons. The only reason to keep towns is simply to house a lot of people cheaply, and that takes massive amounts of energy. If energy prices rise much more, towns will die. They are already. Detroit.
In the end you have to ask yourself ‘Can we go on as we are?’ and i think that if that question was put to the people of the West the answer would be for a hundred different reasons, ‘No’. Therefore we need a new future. The question is of course what should it be and how do we get to it?
WE can reject the ‘Green’ vision as hopelessly impractical and in fact dangerously inhumane and stupid.
But that doesn’t mean that any given other is the right one either.
What I am peddling, because its seems to me to be as good as is practically achievable, is a post modern post industrial lower population nicer lifestyle run on nuclear power, in which things that we take for grantd now are more expensive, but still just about affordable, and we can afford to educate people properly, because there are less of them, and machines are doing the basic work.
The Green vision is a neo feudalist society of slave labour and grinding poverty, In which probably some group like radical Islam will introduce a nasty repressive morality on us all and we will simply be the slaves of some warlord.
Those who think there is no crisis at all, are in the end leading us to the same situation, just even nastier, as the position of a society that cannot feed itself or dispose of its waste, because suddenly there ain’t any power, is no different from the green one. Two weeks without ANY electricity or hydrocarbon fuel would see about half the population of the average modern city dead.
Adapt or die. We need a new morality, a new set of prejudices and bigotry to survive the 21st century. So far all we have really established is that the Green vision is fatally flawed.
We have yet to come up with an alternative beyond ‘business as usual’ though. And that isn’t working, either.
And we better had come up with something, before the old bigotries and prejudices re-emerge and push us back to a new Dark Age. If you have a religion designed to adjust to driving camels across a desert, well what is more natural than to make the rest of the world a desert, and drive camels across it?

richardscourtney
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 2:47 am

Leo Smith
You write
Just because limits to growth hasn’t been proved right (yet) doesn’t mean there are no limits to growth, as any oak tree can tell any sapling.
Please don’t be silly. The idea of limits to to growth has been proven wrong repeatedly; e.g. every prediction of the Club of Rome failed to occur.
I explained the reasons why in practical terms there are no resource constraints on growth in my above post here.
Your long diatribe is a set of whining excuses for why predicted catastrophe has failed to happen. Similar whining is always provided when people are asked why they were wrong in their predictions of ‘The End Of The World’.
Richard

richardscourtney
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 2:49 am

I don’t know why the formatting went wrong. This is another try. Richard
Leo Smith
You write

Just because limits to growth hasn’t been proved right (yet) doesn’t mean there are no limits to growth, as any oak tree can tell any sapling.

Please don’t be silly. The idea of limits to to growth has been proven wrong repeatedly; e.g. every prediction of the Club of Rome failed to occur.
I explained the reasons why in practical terms there are no resource constraints on growth in my above post here.
Your long diatribe is a set of whining excuses for why predicted catastrophe has failed to happen. Similar whining is always provided when people are asked why they were wrong in their predictions of ‘The End Of The World’.
Richard

richardscourtney
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 2:51 am

PS And this is the link that didn’t work in the reformatted resend
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/09/07/when-will-we-ever-stop-running-out-of-resources/#comment-1730400

Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 10:14 am

“…a world managed down to about 10% of its current human populations…” Leo Smith
Lots of arguable points and positions. That aside, if “managed down” is the way of the future, it seems there is a humane method available now: “RISUG” = reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance. A nontoxic viscous sperm-incapacitating polymer injected directly into the vas deferens where it coats the inner walls of the vas and incapacitates all sperm (100% effective) that pass though. Of course as always, beware the law of unintended consequences. Bound to be a can of worms.

Markus
September 8, 2014 1:47 am

This was a silly, simplistic “article”, trying to paint resource economics/geology as a binary issue, (either we are all dead or then we are living in forever-lasting utopia with flying saucers and gold-plated toilet seats for 7 billion people around the corner). Even the Guardian article was more balanced.

gbaikie
September 8, 2014 2:05 am

What is known is that know it alls, in the past [going back in history as long as history goes] have been predicting human will run out of resources.
And though stupid history books will attempt to make the case that humans some place in the world have actually depleted resources, there has never been a time or place ever, that humans have run out of resources- and that includes Easter island and it include central America during the Maya civilization.
Yes a gold mine can be mined out, yes coal mine can to be mine out. Forest can logged [clear cut] but this not the same as depleted all available resources. More mines are found, and the forest grows back.
If want to think of the world as NATURE vs Man, nature has depleted hundreds of millions of years, far more “resources” than humans have. Right now the natural fires which burning coal the deposit, and this has been going on for hundreds of million of years. Or humans are burning more coal than nature does in humans brief existance as species, but you consider nature has been doing for hundred of times longer than modern humans have exist- nature wins in terms of burning coal, or wiping wiping out forests with fire, or with plate tectonic putting gold deep below the surface [making it not easily accessible- minable]. Or if it wasn’t used, evenually given enough time all resources, will be used up- by natural processes.
So with human consumption of any resource, it may be at faster rate, but this faster rate only becomes vaguely significant if imagining timescale on order of centuries [or thousands of years]
and in regard to predict what human will be doing and needing centuries or thousand of years in the future, is sheer madness.
Or what happens in next 50 years is far more irreverent than what is going to happen in century.
Or it is possible we could be travels to nearby stars within the next century. Or it’s it be rather odd, if we aren’t traveling to nearby stars within a 1000 years.
Currently it makes no economic sense to go to different star system, but 500 year ago, it made no economic sense to fly in the air. Things could change that would make it have economic sense to go to different star system within 100 years or within 1000 years. It’s simply not knowable at this point is time.
What is closer to realm of knowable or what could plausibly make economic sense is mining the Moon [or asteroids or settlements on Mars [mining and farming]. What is known is we must first explore the Moon, before one can possibly mine it. And related to star travel, we would also first explore star system with large telescopes and only within last few decades which by using telescopes we have found planets circling stars. Or we have barely begun exploring star systems with telescopes- and what find with telescopes over next few decades is not really particularly predictable.
Now in terms of earth resources, there far more resources available within our solar system.
One could reasonably predict that within 50 year after starting mining the moon, that this inevitably leads to harvest solar energy from the space environment on massive scale. Or satellites need have electrical power, and so currently we already harvesting solar power in space at in very minor degree. And basically with solar energy being available in space 24 hr a day in space- harvesting electrical power is utterly different in space as compared to on the earth surface.
So electrical power [or any other type power generation] is needed for any kind of economy anywhere on Earth, and once one has generation occurring in space all kind things can be done- one have economic growth, manufacturing, and whatever. So put a hydro dam in some “third world country, and this allow more economic activity [economic growth]. And same applies with the space environment- have a MW power plant in space and one can do more things in space.
So it starts by making what is needed immediately in space- which is rocket fuel. So mine moon for water and make rocket fuel from the water. But first need to find where are best locations to mine lunar water [need lunar exploration].
So this we could do within a decade, and decade after this one will access to all kinds of resources in space- more gold than has ever been mined on Earth, more water than the oceans of Earth, more precious metals of all kinds, planets covered by of methane, and etc.
All this can’t be done by some government program [it’s like thinking that socialism is workable idea] but government problem can start it by exploring the space environment to find resource which needed to open the space frontier.
And we need to end this childish belief that space is some sort of sacred zone which should be devoid of “lowly commerce”, rather we should wish to fill the solar system with settlements and their commerce.

Reply to  gbaikie
September 8, 2014 2:35 am

All well and good, but what energy are you going to tap to do all this?
Who will bell the cat?*
* “Long ago, the mice had a general council to consider what measures they could take to outwit their common enemy, the Cat. Some said this, and some said that; but at last a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to make, which he thought would meet the case. “You will all agree,” said he, “that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us. Now, if we could receive some signal of her approach, we could easily escape from her. I venture, therefore, to propose that a small bell be procured, and attached by a ribbon round the neck of the Cat. By this means we should always know when she was about, and could easily retire while she was in the neighbourhood.”
This proposal met with general applause, until an old mouse got up and said: “That is all very well, but who is to bell the Cat?” The mice looked at one another and nobody spoke. Then the old mouse said:
“It is easy to propose impossible remedies.”
Other versions of this story have the old wise mouse saying:
“It is one thing to propose, quite another to carry a proposal out”
Neville Shute Norway, engineer and novelist, defined an engineer once as:
“An engineer is a man who can make something for five bob that any bloody fool can make for a quid…”
To which we might add:
“..and environmental ideologists can make for £500 and it still bloody well won’t work.”
But, being nice, we won’t.

gbaikie
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 1:10 pm

–All well and good, but what energy are you going to tap to do all this?
Who will bell the cat?*–
Human owners of cats do bell cats- so they don’t kill birds.
The mice simply need sent the human owner a flyer that explains the harms cats can do to song birds, and how putting bell on cat solves the problem.
People of this world have spent over trillion dollars over the concern the Earth might warm up too much. And there plans of spending trillions more fighting this non-existence problem.
If one includes nuclear power as a solution, then it won’t cost trillions of dollars- if governments are stupid, then it’s quite possible for nuclear power to lower costs. As in France gets a lot of electrical from nuclear energy, and France is a exporter of electrical power to rest of Europe [and French aren’t particularly brilliant- but one could have option of simply copying how the French did it].
Another option is if one want to lower Earth’s temperature, one has the option of building a solar shade in space. And this could cost less than a trillion dollars- maybe as low as 100 billion dollars.
So one could deploy such a space shade within a decade. So it’s a quick and cheap solution to the problem of Earth getting significantly warmer. So rather than spend a trillion dollar today, one could keep the solar shade as solution for the future. So that makes a solar shade solution cost nothing today and only cost something [and not very much compared to other things which cost trillions of dollars and don’t even reduce CO2 level by any significant amount] in a future when people may decide it’s needed [though I would say that is unlikely].

richard verney
September 8, 2014 2:30 am

The short answer to the question is NEVER as long as we have enough energy.
Almost everything can be created, or suitable subsitute found or created, it is just a matter of how much energy is used in the creation process.
What a technologically advanced society needs to master is producing copious amounts of energy at as low a cost as possible.

Reply to  richard verney
September 8, 2014 2:41 am

“What a technologically advanced society needs to master is producing copious amounts of energy at as low a cost as possible.”
See above, for description of the ‘cat belling’ syndrome.
Along with ” all we need to make renewable energy work is infinite energy storage at zero cost in zero volume and totally safe”
When I point out that (replacing ‘infinite’ and ‘zero’ by very large and very small numbers) they are in fact describing a uranium nucleus, and furthermore they are in plentiful supply and ALREADY CHARGED UP they go rather quiet, or angry.

richardscourtney
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 2:59 am

Leo Smith
You admit that nuclear power is one solution to the need for growing energy supply.
Another solution is coal. It can be converted to other fuels (both gas and liquid) and is sufficient in amount for it to power society for at least the next 300 years. Our ‘children and grandchildren’ will then be dead so their ‘children and grandchildren’ can worry about a possible end to coal if they want to.
Personally, I suspect that our great-grandchildren’s children will be using energy sources that we cannot imagine.
Richard

richard verney
Reply to  Leo Smith
September 8, 2014 5:23 am

I agree with richardscourtney about coal, although I would suggest that his figure of at least 300 years is very conservative.
I have.often suggested that we should return to exploiting coal (without carbon capture but with flue gas scrubbers and cleaning), and also to use it to produce oil and gas.
The cost efficiency for conversion to oil, some years back, was about $100 per bbl, and this of course helps put a cap on the per bbl price of oil traded on the open market. Obviously there would need to be some plant investment, but if oil were to rise to $130 per bbl for a sustained period (as oposed to some short lived geo-political risk), I am sure that one would see a return to the technologies that South Africa exploited for so long.
For those who are concerned about CO2 (and I have open mind on this but I have seen no evidence that suggests that CO2 is a problem), use coal and plant some forests (slow growing and long living variety of trees) on what is presently scrub land. By doing this a new carbon sink would be created, which is nature’s well proven form of carbon capture.

Keitho
Editor
Reply to  richard verney
September 8, 2014 6:39 am

I should have thought that in-situ gasification of coal would have been the next big leap forward in energy generation from coal. Safer, cleaner, low to no impact on the environment all that needs to be done is to improve the technology and so drive down costs.

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