Picking Cherry Blossoms

Letter to the Editor (orginally published in the Washington post, also submitted to WUWT)

For the second year in a row, we’ve had peak cherry blossoms later than the average date of March 31. In 2013, they were nine days late; this year they were 10 days late. That’s not a big surprise; after all, the usual peak date itself is just an average.

But what is curious is how The Post’s coverage of cherry blossoms veers into discussions of global warming in some years but not in others. In 2012, when the blossoms peaked on March 20, one front-page article was ominously headlined, “Much-too-early bloomers? As temperatures rise, scientists speculate that cherry blossom times could advance by a month.” A Capital Weather Gang blog post that month was headlined, “D.C.’s cherry blossoms have shifted 5 days earlier: What about global warming and the future?” Why enjoy an early spring when you can turn it into a teachable moment?

Needless to say, this news angle wilted a bit in the past two years.

When it comes to global warming, the recent late blossoms don’t prove much. But for that matter, neither did the early blossoms of years past.

Sam Kazman, Washington

The writer is general counsel for the Competitive Enterprise Institute.

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April 26, 2014 9:17 am

So that’s why the daffodils that never stray far from home flower first! OK, so we impact micro-regional temperature through UHI. How much does worldwide urbanization raise worldwide temps? Does UHI ever stay out late and fraternize with that floozy CO2? What do their kids look like? Are they hot ?

Periwinkle
April 26, 2014 9:17 am

Climate Catastrophe: A Superstorm for Global Warming Research (Spiegel)

davidmhoffer
April 26, 2014 9:19 am

lsvalgaard says:
April 26, 2014 at 8:18 am
Here is a Japanese record of Cherry Blossoms spanning the last 1000 years
http://www.leif.org/EOS/Cherry-Trees-Japan.pdf
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
There was another study by Aono that I’ve unfortunately lost the link to that quantified the UHI using cherry blossom dates between rural and urban settings at similar latitude and elevation. When the resulting UHI estimation was subtracted from those parts of the data exposed to it, the over all trend was still positive, but the uptick at the end disappeared. If I recall correctly, the city used to quantify the UHI was Kyoto, which I found rather amusing.

April 26, 2014 9:27 am

Hans Erren at 8:56 am
Do you have a link?
All I can find is a gavin 7 March 2014 that made a prediction based on trend of May 3 and has a less that 22% chance of anytime before April 26 (2014 breakup day)

This suggests that a date as late as May 20 (as in 2013) is very unexpected even without any climate trends (<0.7%) and even more so with (<0.2%), but that the odds of a date before April 29 have more than doubled (from 10% to 22%) with the trend. The most favored date is May 3rd (with no trend it would have been May 6th), but the odds of the break-up happening in that single 24 hour period are only around 1 in 14.

Ron Richey
April 26, 2014 9:27 am

So, if the blossoms are occurring later (last two years), are we experiencing global cooling? Less UHI affect?
Go easy on me – I’m just an average guy not an academic.

John Robertson
April 26, 2014 9:37 am

Here in Vancouver, BC, our cherry blossoms are just finishing up, and we had a relatively mild winter. I have no idea when the average is for coastal BC (or Japan – Cherry blossoms are very big!) however it would be an interesting research area for some student looking for a project that is visible and obvious for warming/cooling and trying to figure out what is an influence on blossoms besides the weather (if something else is an influence)…

April 26, 2014 9:43 am

The record of US cherry trees kept by the US Park service is here. This goes from 1921 through 2011, nowhere near as long as the Japanese record, but it shows clearly there is nothing unprecedented about an April 10 bloom, just as there was nothing unprecedented about a March 20th bloom that got Harry Reid all a-twitter in 2012. The document does not say whether these dates are first bloom or peak bloom.
The US Park Service record records bloom for two different varieties — Yoshino and Kwanzan — Yoshino appears to bloom about 14 days earlier. From the dates given in the USPS article referenced from the Washington Post article, it appears they are talking about the Yoshino variety. The actual quote from the USPS cherry blossom expert Robert DeFeo is:

It really only matters as to what happens from now on,” he said. “All the warm weather before did not move the cherries along. But now, yes. Now is the time where, if it gets really, really warm, things could accelerate. … My gut tells me [the bloom] might be a little early.
On that basis, the Washington Post went on to speculate:

Although it seems highly unlikely, a March 15 date this year would put the bloom at its peak before the festival even starts and leave most of the celebration blossomless.

And then of course, there are the obligatory models:

According to the more dire global warming scenario the scientists used — one with unchecked global population growth — the District’s cherry trees could be blooming 29 days earlier by 2080 and 13 days earlier by 2050.
A less severe scenario, with eventually declining population, had the trees blooming 10 days earlier by 2080 and five days earlier by 2050.

Meanwhile, back on planet Earth, the final referenced prediction for cherry blooms was:

Wednesday morning [March 12th], the agency [US Park Service] announced that the bloom should now begin March 18 — two days before this year’s National Cherry Blossom festival begins — and peak between March 20 and 23.

Which if you consult the aforementioned USPS record of bloom dates is well within what has been previously observed. Earliest recorded Yoshino peak bloom is March 15 (1990) and latest is April 16 (1970).
March 20th is, however, the earliest opening date of the festival, which put the festival goers right at peak bloom. I hope they enjoyed it without worrying needlessly about pending climate doom.

April 26, 2014 9:44 am

Gaa! botched the blockquote tags. WUWT readers will no doubt figure out where the DeFeo quote ends and I pick back up again.

Ex-expat Colin
April 26, 2014 9:45 am

Go over to BreitBart…breaking info now, somebody said something anti climate change…oh dear!
http://www.breitbart.com/Breitbart-London/2014/04/26/Former-NASA-Scientist-Global-Warming-is-Nonsense#comment-1356635701

RACookPE1978
Editor
April 26, 2014 9:49 am

davidmhoffer says:
April 26, 2014 at 9:19 am (replying to)

lsvalgaard says:
April 26, 2014 at 8:18 am
Here is a Japanese record of Cherry Blossoms spanning the last 1000 years
http://www.leif.org/EOS/Cherry-Trees-Japan.pdf

Without going into a lot math, even though the PDF file you referenced from http://www.lief.org specifically followed their CAGW religion and claimed that today’s cherry blossom festival prove that today’s temperatures are the hottest ever over the past 1000 years, that’s not actually the case.
None of the recent cherry blossom temperature proxies are hotter than the dates between 1000 and 1450, and that period was spanning a length of many more years than today.
Further, though the increase in recent years was steadily upward, that increase is ALSO a “proof” of the Little Ice Age over in Japan – There is a very distinct “COLD PERIOD” in Japan between 1600 and 1900! Now, what I cannot explain is why the MWP “peak” in Japan trailed that in Europe and elsewhere by 200 years, nor why the LIA “dip” in Japan was 200 years later than in Europe.

davidmhoffer
April 26, 2014 9:59 am

Now, what I cannot explain is why the MWP “peak” in Japan trailed that in Europe and elsewhere by 200 years, nor why the LIA “dip” i Japan was 200 years later than in Europe.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Curry’s stadium wave?

Gary Pearse
April 26, 2014 10:00 am

Alexander Feht says:
April 26, 2014 at 9:02 am
“The Japan Cherry Trees link Leif provided is a decidedly AGW promulgating article.”
Alexander, read the article, it shows that the urban heat island effect is real.
Re article:
This a real treemometer! I think if we chose flowering species around the world for keeping temperature it would be the most definitive and be safe from algorithms used to discipline thermometers by the “CAGW department of corrections”.

April 26, 2014 10:12 am

Alexander Feht says:
April 26, 2014 at 9:02 am
The Japan Cherry Trees link Leif provided is a decidedly AGW promulgating article.
It shows the data. (Mis)interpret them according to your own bias.

April 26, 2014 10:19 am

RACookPE1978 says:
April 26, 2014 at 9:49 am
Might I suggest lag between Atlantic & Pacific basins in the thermohaline circulation, aka ocean conveyor belt, great ocean conveyor, global conveyor belt or meridional overturning circulation (which isn’t quite the same thing)?

John B. Lomax
April 26, 2014 11:04 am

The data analysis that was in WUWT, Posted on April 24, 2014 by Willis Eschenbach, and Seattle’s math contribution, are vary appropriate to this discussion. The End Times are statistically different.

thegriss
April 26, 2014 11:07 am

The blossoms may vary, but for the climate scientist, its cherry picking time all year.

davidmhoffer
April 26, 2014 11:09 am

lsvalgaard says:
April 26, 2014 at 10:12 am
Alexander Feht says:
April 26, 2014 at 9:02 am
The Japan Cherry Trees link Leif provided is a decidedly AGW promulgating article.
It shows the data. (Mis)interpret them according to your own bias.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
I’ve read the original studies by Aono that this article references and they didn’t strike me as particularly alarmist. That said, let’s keep in mind that cherry blossoms as a proxy suffer from some of the same limitations as tree rings. For example, they tell you absolutely zero about temps in the days following the blossom date. They are representative of temps over a very small part of the year. I’ve lived through plenty of harsh winters that that were accompanied by an early spring, and mild winters that were accompanied by a late spring as examples.

Sun Spot
April 26, 2014 11:11 am

One of the reasons the cAGW acolytes wish to use cherry blossoms for their propaganda is because of the Japanese Cherry Blossom paleo reconstruction that showed the MWP warmer than today. After which Japan promptly pulled out of Kyoto in Cancun.
http://www.c3headlines.com/2010/09/peer-reviewed-cherry-blossom-reseach-confirms-japans-medieval-climate-warmer-than-current-one.html

Kelvin Vaughan
April 26, 2014 11:43 am

I have just totaled the TSI per cycle between 1889 and 2008 and the CET Maximum temperature per cycle between the same cycles. They correlate 0.966851656.
TSI T Max
1889-1901 206235.1697 166.8
1902-1913 181648.5013 152.7
1913-1922 154349.3985 116.0
1922-1933 180288.8432 140.9
1933-1943 166644.4585 132.0
1943-1953 166645.3448 133.5
1953-1964 172128.3665 143.7
1964-1976 196692.6729 157.2
1976-1985 154380.2623 116.8
1985-1997 196708.3582 162.1
1997-2008 184431.2763 155.6
Correlation 0.966851656
Don’t know why but there you go.

Jimbo
April 26, 2014 11:54 am

lsvalgaard says:
April 26, 2014 at 8:18 am
Here is a Japanese record of Cherry Blossoms spanning the last 1000 years
http://www.leif.org/EOS/Cherry-Trees-Japan.pdf
“The dates of cherry tree festivals in Japan have emerged as one of the most important sources
of information on the impacts of climate change on plants. The data set is exceptionally detailed, and extends back in time more than any other known data set on plant flowering times. “

Thanks. Even before reading I guessed that Urban Heat Island effect would be discussed. Here is a snippet.

…….
…..Due to the abundant records of cherry blossom festival records at numerous locations in Japan, it is possible to use the flowering dates of the Somei-yoshino to measure how many days earlier plants flower as a result of the urban heat island effect. At locations near Kyoto, Osaka and Tokyo, urban, suburban, and rural locations had similar times of cherry blossom festivals in the 1950s. This indicates that urban, suburban, and rural areas still had essentially the same temperatures in the spring. Over the next 50 years, however, urban, suburban, and rural sites at each of these cities gradually began to diverge in flowering times, with urban areas flowering earlier than nearby rural and suburban areas. By the 1980s, the warmer temperatures in the city had shifted the flowering of cherry trees by eight days earlier in central Tokyo in comparison with nearby rural areas, and four to five days earlier in central Kyoto and Osaka than in their nearby rural areas……
…..At around seven kilometers from the city center, plants were starting to flower as late as March 22 to March 27, as much as eight days later than in the city center…..

Now here is something very interesting a bit odd. Only anecdotal though.

The Nation – 15 January, 2014
Blossoms in the snow
Pinkish-white cherry blossoms, or sakura as they are known here, peek cautiously from the trees as the cold wind blows, fluttering gently as if welcoming the spring with a round of applause……
While the southern part of Japan is covered with cherry blossoms, Kushiro, a city to the southeast of Hokkaido, is still boasting a blanket of pure white snow.
http://www.nationmultimedia.com/travel/Blossoms-in-the-snow-30224249.html

April 26, 2014 12:02 pm

Kelvin Vaughan says:
April 26, 2014 at 11:43 am
I have just totaled the TSI per cycle between 1889 and 2008 and the CET Maximum temperature per cycle between the same cycles. They correlate 0.966851656.
The reason they correlate is that the cycles have different lengths – from 10 to 13 years – so simply ‘totaling’ the data will just correlate with the cycle length. If you divide each total by the length of the cycle the square of the correlation [the fraction of the variability that is ‘explained’ by the correlation] falls to R2 = 0.09, thus not significant.

Jimbo
April 26, 2014 12:11 pm

Since Japan and the cherry blossom has be brought up I thought I would take a closer look.

Abstract – 2009
The impact of climate change on cherry trees and other species in Japan
…….In Kyoto, records of the timing of celebrations of cherry blossom festivals going back to the 9th century reconstruct the past climate and demonstrate the local increase in temperature associated with global warming and urbanization. This record is probably the longest annual record of phenology from anyplace in the world and shows that cherries are currently flowering earlier than they have at any time during the previous 1200 years. Detailed mapping of cherry tree flowering times in and around Osaka and other cities in Japan show that urbanization causes plants to flower earlier within the city environs than in nearby parks and outlying suburban areas. Flowering records from a large cherry arboretum at Mt. Takao, on the outskirts of Tokyo, show that both among and within species, early flowering is associated with greater responsiveness to temperature variation……..
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.016

What does the following tell me about global warming? It doesn’t even tell me much about Japanese warming!

Abstract – 2012
The phenology of cherry blossom (Prunus yedoensis “Somei-yoshino”) and the geographic features contributing to its flowering
………Our observations were carried out across the Okayama Plain, which included Okayama City (about 700,000 inhabitants), from the winter of 2008 to the spring of 2009. Local air temperature (AT) and the globe temperature (GT) were recorded at the tree height. The flowering dates (FDs) of P. yedoensis were earliest in the central commercial area (located at the center of the plain), followed by the north residential area (further inland), and finally the south residential area (seaward). The recorded FDs were related to the period-averaged daily maximum/minimum AT and GT, and the phenologically effective AT and GT defined in this study. Of these parameters, the phenologically effective GTs correlated most with the FDs. …….
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-011-0496-4

Jimbo
April 26, 2014 12:27 pm

By now you have to question the usefulness of the cherry blossom dates for measuring climate. There’s too much noise from UHI.

Paper – 1977
Washington’s “Free” 300-Station Microscale Weather Network
…..Washington’s annual Cherry Blossom Parade would usually have to take place 3 weeks later if it were held in the northern part of the suburbs, yet still inside the Beltway. Volunteer observations have shown the growing season to be 3 1/2 months longer in the warmest part of the heat island than in the outer suburb valleys 25 miles away in two of the past 4 years, despite variations in elevation of only 500 feet……
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_ne25/gtr_ne25_098.pdf

Latitude
April 26, 2014 12:30 pm

Kyoto didn’t have a McDonalds in 1950………..

RACookPE1978
Editor
April 26, 2014 12:43 pm

Jimbo says:
April 26, 2014 at 12:27 pm (adding to your previous comment)
By now you have to question the usefulness of the cherry blossom dates for measuring climate. There’s too much noise from UHI.

Curse you Red Baron! 8<) I was going to point out that ALL of the recent area-elevation-regional cherry-blossom data you have presented validates the UHI impact around EVERY city worldwide: gradual warming up from the regional LIA "low" and a modern rise proportional to the distance from each city center. (Even the cherry blossom data shows the least recent rise nearest the coastlines, and – along the coast, furthest from the harbor. )