Nuclear meltdown: race to save reactors in Japan

Pick a number, and that reactor is described as being near a meltdown.  The news coverage coming out of Japan is even more confused when American media deciphers it.  Hopefully hard facts come in soon…

Meltdown occurred according to Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency

URGENT: March 12 00:00 PST: Explosion at Nuclear Facility

VIDEO of explosion at nuke plant.

Reuters Live Earthquake News Feed

Several people appear to be injured at Fukushima nuclear plant – NHK

Walls and roof of a building at site destroyed by blast – NHK via Sky News

UPDATE:  22:50 PST:  BREAKING NEWS: Pressure successfully released from Fukushima No. 1 reactor: agency

UPDATE:  21:47 PST:  Meltdown underway at Reactor #1?  http://twitter.com/#!/dicklp

Fukushima fuel cores are melting at 2000C and dropping onto steel floor. Steel melts at 1500C. Could still be brought under control, but Four other Fukushima nuke reactors are struggling with similar problem. If multiple meltdown begins, it will be uncontrollable.

Nuclear reactor coolant systems are running on batteries, and the coolant has reached the boiling point.  Extremely critical situation currently at several earthquake affected nuclear reactors. Officials are concerned that a Three Mile Island 1979 meltdown could happen here.  Reuters Link

From the LA Times:

Conditions appear to be worsening at a nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture in northeastern Japan, according to local media.

The Kyodo news agency reported that the cooling system has failed at three reactors of Fukushima No. 2 nuclear power plant. The coolant water’s temperature had reached boiling temperature, the agency reported, citing the power plant’s operator, Tokyo Electric Power.

The cooling system failure at the No. 2 power plant came after officials were already troubled by the failure of the emergency cooling system at the Fukushima No. 1 plant, which officials feared could cause a meltdown.

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crosspatch
March 12, 2011 2:07 pm

So I have it from another source that the refueling floor is above the containment vessel and is where the explosion occurred and that there are likely steam lines to the turbines there. So it could still be a steam explosion but I am still betting on hydrogen.

Michael Larkin
March 12, 2011 2:08 pm

Just now been watching BBC’s News channel here in the UK. It was remarkably sober and balanced, no sign of alarmism at all, real experts being interviewed and giving their assessments. The view seems to be that all reactors shut down, and that it is being classed as a level 4 event that is being successfully contained. The main focus is on the effects of the Tsunami iteself, which are indeed serious, with much loss of life.

Eric (skeptic)
March 12, 2011 2:12 pm

Don’t know about the first statement, but the second one, “The amount of radiation detected inside the plant after 4:00 p.m. slightly exceeded the dose people can safely receive in a year”, left out the word “hourly”. IOW, they got a year’s worth in one hour, other people have commented that it is not a fatal dose by any stretch.

vigilantfish
March 12, 2011 2:13 pm

Uh, oh, mods. Looks like somebody
( harrywr2 says:
March 12, 2011 at 1:31 pm )
forgot to put in the proper /i> at the end of his comment as the two comments below are in italics.

R. de Haan
March 12, 2011 2:18 pm
ken
March 12, 2011 2:19 pm

+++ Unbelievable scenes +++
There is now fire rising near Fukushima’s nuclear power plant! A disaster is expected to escalate soon.
http://bit.ly/gAuxRm
People running hectic through the cities. The Tokyo Int. airport is flooded with people want to leave Japan right now.
http://bit.ly/fd1duk
Officials still doubt whether nuclear radiation will destroy the whole area.
http://bit.ly/fU4KRO

crosspatch
March 12, 2011 2:20 pm
CRS, Dr.P.H.
March 12, 2011 2:21 pm

Mods, it appears that harrywr2 says: March 12, 2011 at 1:31 pm did not close his italic HTML with since all subsequent posts are italicized. Just FYI, it makes for difficult reading.
Thanks for your hard work on this one, lots happening quickly.

lanceman
March 12, 2011 2:23 pm

I think it is possible to have fuel cladding temperatures around 1600 F where Zr gets oxidized (and produces hydrogen) but less than 2200 F where fuel damage generally begins. Particularly if the core was uncovered briefly and recovered several times as might happen with interrupted coolant flow or periodic steam releases. You would have some fission products released but not necessarily large amounts. The fission products could have been trapped in water in the containment which is why they have not been detected in significant quantities. They should be looking for noble gases which are not trapped in water.
Again, this ASSUMES that it was a H2 explosion in the reactor building. Could it have been H2 used for generator cooling that exploded in the turbine building?

TXRed
March 12, 2011 2:24 pm

Tallbloke at 1:51, I wonder how much clarity is getting lost in translating from Engineer into Media into English.
And has been said before, thank you to the nuclear engineers and others trying to keep things understandable and in perspective. ‘Tis much appreciated!

March 12, 2011 2:43 pm

Japan’s Chernobyl will not be televised: previous smaller nuclear incidents have been covered up ( with help from their controlled media ) according to one local source. It’s entirely possible that a radioactive cloud is already en route to America in less than 36 hours. Notice that no one is calling for stockpiling KI. I thought the government was going to take care of me
Are YOU in the path of radioactive fallout?
http://www.infowars.com/japanese-nuclear-meltdown-confirmed/
Immediately obtain a stockpile of Potassium Iodide pills and a radiation alert device http://www.ki4u.com/
Iodine deficiency is common and extremely unhealthy, and it makes you more vulnerable to radiation exposure.
http://www.naturalnews.com/023107_iodine_thyroid_cancer.html
http://iodine4health.com/ortho/ortho.htm
We are now just 649 days until 12 / 21 / 2012 :
—-««« ecliptic »»»—–
Q. What effects would we expect to observe as our solar system crossed through the ecliptic of the Milky Way Galaxy ?
A. Increased volcanic and seismic activity, unusual solar cycle, increasing magnetic pole movement, disturbance of the solar system’s heliosphere, disturbance of Earth’s magnetosphere, increasing dust infiltration from space, gravitational anomalies, increased fireballs and asteroids, unprecedented solar flares …
Three Days Darkness
http://www.endtimesreport.com/threedays_b.html
http://www.olrl.org/prophecy/daysdark.shtml
“may you live in interesting times”

etudiant
March 12, 2011 2:51 pm

The reactor building that blew out is only the secondary containment.
It shelters the various pipes and support/maintenance mechanisms that the reactor requires. Just looking at its square shape tells you it is not built as a pressure vessel.
The primary containment is a very robust pear shaped steel structure within which the actual reactor vessel sits.
So the damage is to the support infrastructure and its building, not necessarily to the reactor itself. That is of course modest comfort, because it also means that there is probably very little information on or control over the reactor, now that its support gear has experienced a violent explosion.
Filling what is left of the containment building with sea water seems an extraordinary step, which underscores that there is probably no intact surviving pipe input to the reactor. Radioactive sodium from the sea salt is a likely undesirable consequence
Boric acid to help quench any nuclear reactions still going on was a measure used in the Chernobyl accident, but it sounds like they have not yet figured out how to get it into the reactor.
This disaster is exacerbated by the proximity of the other five reactors which make up the complex. I doubt the operation was ever expected to face a problem on this scale where every reactor in the complex has difficulties simultaneously. The people working there must be enormously overstretched as well as uncertain about the fate of their own homes and families.
This will go into the record books and will greatly influence the future of nuclear power. People will have to recognize improbable events more fully.

Editor
March 12, 2011 2:54 pm

Stephen Richards says:
March 12, 2011 at 1:42 pm
According to the Japonese there buildings are designed to stand a max of 9.0 on the richter.
The Richter scale saturates around magnitude 6.5. I’m sure you mean Moment Magnitude, but it would have to include something about the distance to the epicenter.
http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123735768/casestudies/01~Appendix_1.pdf
Or you could have been referring to the Mercalli scale, which is a measure of local shaking and usually described by roman numerals.
My house in New Hampshire survived the Japanese quake just fine….

March 12, 2011 2:59 pm

Stephen Richards says:
March 12, 2011 at 1:42 pm
boballab says:
March 12, 2011 at 10:54 am
According to the Japonese there buildings are designed to stand a max of 9.0 on the richter.

Not according to the Structural Engineers, the Japanese Ministries involved that were on NHK and the USGS seismologists I saw on US TV.

Fred from Canuckistan
March 12, 2011 2:59 pm

CNN has a headline “Meltdown May Be Under Way”
Flog that story boys . .

kadaka (KD Knoebel)
March 12, 2011 3:09 pm

Just to toss this out here (bold added):

TSA to retest airport body scanners for radiation
The Transportation Security Administration announced Friday that it would retest every full-body X-ray scanner that emits ionizing radiation — 247 machines at 38 airports — after maintenance records on some of the devices showed radiation levels 10 times higher than expected.
The TSA says that the records reflect math mistakes and that all the machines are safe. Indeed, even the highest readings listed on some of the records — the numbers that the TSA says were mistakes — appear to be many times less than what the agency says a person absorbs through one day of natural background radiation.
(…)
The full-body scanners, called backscatter devices, are supposed to deliver only a tiny amount of radiation — about as much as an airplane passenger gets during two minutes of a typical flight.
(…)

So don’t worry, as for every hour you’re in the air you’re getting 30 times the radiation dose of a standard T&A pr0no scan.
Is the TSA engaging in a covert backhanded attempt to scare as many people as possible away from flying to lighten their own workload? I’m really starting to wonder about that.

Editor
March 12, 2011 3:33 pm

The Tokyo Assocuated Press has confirmed a hydrogen explosion. Steam and hydrogen were vented from the intact reactor into the building despite the risk and exploded removing the cladding from the upper part of the building:
http://diggingintheclay.wordpress.com/2011/03/12/fukushima-confusion/

CRS, Dr.P.H.
March 12, 2011 3:39 pm

ABC News is reporting that operators are now pumping seawater in as an emergency coolant, I was waiting for this. Plus, we have two more problematic reactors.
A quake-hit Japanese nuclear plant reeling from an explosion at one of its reactors has also lost its emergency cooling system at another reactor, Japan’s nuclear power safety agency said on Sunday.
The emergency cooling system is no longer functioning at the No.3 reactor at Tokyo Electric Power Co’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility, requiring the facility to urgently secure a means to supply water to the reactor, an official of the Japan Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency told a news conference.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/12/us-japan-quake-nuclear-cooling-idUSTRE72B3GI20110312

Ian L. McQueen
March 12, 2011 3:40 pm

Pamela Gray says [snipped]:
March 12, 2011 at 10:33 am
Third, if that country is so prepared for a tsunami, why all the towns, roads, railroads, and businesses sitting on the beach? These design flaws go way back. And Japan is not the only country guilty of such flaws. At the individual level, humans make the same mistakes. They build on sand and have become spoiled on the idea that someone else will provide their abundant “necessities” of life.
Pamela-
I will take a stab at answering some of your concerns. My claim to expertise is that I lived in Japan for 15 years and travelled widely in the country, first as an “explorer” in 1970 and again in 1978 to gather material for a travel guide book. I have travelled on roads close to the shore, much like the one flowed over by the tsunami- I might have even travelled on that very one. I had many months to observe the reality of Japanese life.
The topography of Japan is mostly mountains with relatively flat valleys between them. Much of the flat land was farmed for rice in the past (and terraced where necessary) and is now, in addition, where people live, work, and do business. Only a relatively small part of the populace live in the mountains. The density of settlement is beyond the comprehension of most people from “the West”, though parts of Europe might understand the crowding. Virtually no square inch of territory is not used for something, right down to the beaches. So we can’t blame them for trying to use all available land. They didn’t choose to build so close to the water- it was just necessity because the rest of the land was still in agriculture or already taken up for other purposes. As for the nuclear power plants, I am sure that they are near the sea as a source of cooling water.
IanM

lanceman
March 12, 2011 3:43 pm

The NYT now says the H2 explosion was in the turbine building, not the reactor building as first believed:
“Late Saturday night, officials said that the explosion occurred in a structure housing turbines near the No. 1 reactor at the plant rather than inside the reactor itself.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/world/asia/13nuclear.html?hp

Al Gored
March 12, 2011 3:51 pm

Fred from Canuckistan says:
March 12, 2011 at 2:59 pm
“CNN has a headline “Meltdown May Be Under Way”
Flog that story boys . .”
No kidding. Was just watching that. Wolf Blitzer had the Japanese ambassador to the US on. He didn’t tell him a scary enough story so, as CNN now does all the time, they turned to one of their own airhead ‘journalists’ for their ‘expert’ report which of course was much scarier. CNN is still great at getting video coverage of world events but when it comes to interpreting them they are a total joke.
In the meantime, flipped to see what the BBC was flogging, in the midst of all these major world events, and they had a one hour story about how they aren’t nice to gays in Africa.

Dan in California
March 12, 2011 4:12 pm

Malaga View says: March 12, 2011 at 8:51 am
In the 25 years since Chernobyl there have been 7 deaths
rolls eye….
In the last decade nuclear has been 240 times safer then wind
rolls other eye…
think cancer and immune system deaths…
————————————————–
I’m going to throw a hand grenade here. Malaga: Try rolling your eyes on some data that show the cancer deaths caused by Chernobyl is a negative number, for example, this report: http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/chernobyl.html
The author has credibility: Zbigniew Jaworowski, a former chairman and current member of UNSCEAR, is a leading expert on the effects of radiation. He is a professor at the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection in Warsaw.
Here’s a WHO paper that says the Chernobyl total could be as great as 4,000 by the time it’s all over. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr38/en/index.html
A higher number, but more “official,” and the number is so high it compares to the fatalities in other electricity generating industries.
Also, this study of an apartment building in Taipei that was accidentally irradiated for decades because a discarded hospital radiation Co-60 source was part of the building structure.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2477708/
The cancer rate dropped by a significant amount.

maz2
March 12, 2011 4:25 pm

“The Soviet Union may have died, but the Soviet mind-set has not.”
“Lured by tales of mammals unknown in Europe since the Dark Ages, we’re setting out on an atomic safari.”
“Chernobyl, My Primeval, Teeming, Irradiated Eden
Twenty-five years after the Soviet-era meltdown drove 60,000 people from their homes in the Ukraine, a rebirth is taking place inside the exclusion zone. With Geiger counter in hand, the author explores Europe’s strangest wildlife refuge, an enchanted postapocalyptic forest from which entirely new species may soon emerge.
By Henry Shukman
THE WILD BOAR IS STANDING 30 OR 40 yards away, at the bottom of a grassy bank, staring right at me. Even from this distance I can see its outrageously long snout, its giant pointed ears, and the spiny bristles along its back. It looks part porcupine, a number of shades of ocher and gray. And it’s far bigger than I expected, maybe chest-high to a man. The boar is like some minor forest god straight from the wilderness, gazing wild-eyed at the strange spectacle of a human being. For a moment it seems to consider charging me, then thinks better of it. When it trots away, it moves powerfully, smoothly, on spindly, graceful legs twice as long as a pig’s, and vanishes into the trees.
I climb back into our VW van, tingling all over. The sighting bodes well. I’ve come to what is being dubbed Europe’s largest wildlife refuge in early July, when I knew spotting animals wouldn’t be so easy. (Winter, with its scarcity of food and lack of foliage, makes them more visible.) And within a couple of hours I’ve ticked a wild boar off the list. Maybe luck is on our side.
But luck isn’t our only obstacle to wildlife spotting here. This is northern Ukraine’s Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, a huge area, some 60 miles across in places, that’s been off-limits to human habitation since 1986. Even now, 19 years after the collapse of the USSR, nothing happens in this former Soviet republic without sheets of paper typed and stamped in quintuplicate. It took months of e-mails and phone calls to get permission to spend a few days here. Yes, we’re only a couple of foreign vagabonds—photographer Rory Carnegie is an old travel buddy of mine from England—but we have cameras and a telephoto lens, and my notepad has lines in it: obviously we’re spies. The Soviet Union may have died, but the Soviet mind-set has not.
At the Chernobyl Center, a kind of make­shift reception building in the heart of the old town, I had to hand over a solid nine inches of local bills—hryvnia, pronounced approximately like the sound of a cardsharp riffling a deck—sign a stack of agreements, compliances, and receipts, and then get checked on an Austin Powers–style Geiger counter made out of chrome. Finally, under the protection of a guide, a driver, and an interpreter, we were free to set off into the zone—as long as we did exactly what our guide said.
A handful of dilapidated roads cross the zone, half-overgrown with weeds and grasses, and the whole area is littered with pockets of intense radiation, but nature doesn’t seem to mind. All nature seems to care about is that the people, along with their domestic animals, are for the most part gone. The zone is reverting to one big, untamed forest, and it all sounds like a fantastic success story for nature: remove the humans and the wilderness bounces right back. Lured by tales of mammals unknown in Europe since the Dark Ages, we’re setting out on an atomic safari.”
http://outsideonline.com/adventure/travel-pf-201103-chernobyl-wildlife-refuge-sidwcmdev_154483.html

Dave Worley
March 12, 2011 4:29 pm

They don’t normally use seawater to cool the reactors. That would surely be corrosive. The probably have heat exchangers and use the ocean to dissipate the heat. Note the lack of cooling towers.
The fact that they are using seawater now incicates that they are writing off this reactor, as it will probably be ruined. At best a major overhaul will be in order.

peter_ga
March 12, 2011 4:33 pm

Is not comparing wind and nuclear a bit useless? Wind needs 100 percent backup to provide that 70-80 percent of the time it is unavailable.

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