River ice in Alaska: "pretty good proxy for climate change in the 20th century"

From Physics Today News Picks:

Wall Street Journal: Every winter since 1917, people in Nenana, a village 55 miles southwest of Fairbanks, have wagered on the exact moment that the ice breaks up on the nearby Tanana River. For the 450 townsfolk, the annual Alaska ice lottery, called the Nenana Ice Classic, is a financial lifeline that offers some their year’s only employment. Winners last year shared a jackpot of $303,272.

River ThawBut for many geophysicists, the contest itself is something more valuable than any monetary prize.

The Ice Classic has given them a rare, reliable climate history that has documented to the minute the onset of the annual thaw as it shifted across 91 years. By this measure, spring comes to central Alaska 10 days earlier than in 1960, said geophysicist Martin Jeffries at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks — and that trend is accelerating. “The Nenana Ice Classic is a pretty good proxy for climate change in the 20th century,” Dr. Jeffries said.

Interesting thing about that, their ice measurements show a significant increase in thickness.

[2009] 9-Mar 45 Inches

[2004] 9-Mar 28.0 Inches

h/t to Tom Nelson

See the data and graph here:

Jan Janssens offers us this graph:

Click for a larger image

Mike D offers us this one (inverted Y scale from graph above)

nenana_ice_breakup_dates

Thickness data from: http://www.nenanaakiceclassic.com/Ice%20Measurement.htm

Official 2009 Nenana Ice Classic Website
Date Ice Thickness Hi/Low Temp Precipitation
5-Feb 42.5 Inches
19-Feb 45.5 Inches
5-Mar 41.5 Inches
9-Mar 45 Inches
2008 Ice Measurement Nenana Ice Classic
Date Ice Thickness Hi/Low Temp Precipitation
11-Jan 38.8 Inches
21-Jan 44.0 Inches
15-Feb 41.0 Inches
1-Mar 51.0 Inches
10-Mar 44.5 Inches
17-Mar 46.3 Inches
20-Mar 47.5 Inches
24-Mar 46.0 Inches
28-Mar 54.5 Inches
31-Mar 47.5 Inches
3-Apr 45.6 Inches
7-Apr 44.3 Inches
11-Apr 45.6 Inches
14-Apr 44.3 Inches
17-Apr 44.6 Inches
21-Apr 40.5 Inches
2007 Ice Measurement Nenana Ice Classic
Date Ice Thickness Hi/Low Temp Precipitation
11-Jan 40.5 Inches
7-Feb 42.0 Inches
14-Feb 44.0 Inches
21-Feb 46.0 Inches
28-Feb 51.5 Inches
8-Mar 46.5 Inches
12-Mar 46.0 Inches
15-Mar 46.6 Inches
19-Mar 49.0 Inches
22-Mar 51.0 Inches
26-Mar 49.0 Inches
29-Mar 48.7 Inches
2-Apr 49.7 Inches
5-Apr 48.8 Inches
11-Apr 46.5 Inches
2006 Nenana Ice Classic
4-Jan 43.0
31-Jan 38.0
9-Feb 35.0
15-Feb 38.0
23-Feb 36.0
2-Mar 45.0
6-Mar 42.0
9-Mar 34.0
13-Mar 32.0
16-Mar 32.5
20-Mar 34.5
23-Mar 34.3
27-Mar 34.0
30-Mar 34.5
2-Apr 32.7
2005 Nenana Ice Classic
14-Jan 29.0 Inches
8-Feb 35.0 Inches
17-Feb 40.5 Inches
24-Feb 40.0 Inches
3-Mar 42.0 Inches
10-Mar 33.5 Inches
14-Mar 37.0 Inches
17-Mar 42.0 Inches
21-Mar 36.3 Inches
24-Mar 37.0 Inches
28-Mar 36.0 Inches
31-Mar 36.0 Inches
4-Apr 32.0 Inches
7-Apr 35.5 Inches
12-Apr 40.0 Inches
15-Apr 40.0 Inches
19-Apr 35.3 Inches
21-Apr 35.5 Inches
2004 Nenana Ice Classic
7-Jan 21.5 Inches
4-Feb 30.00 Inches
11-Feb 35.0 Inches
18-Feb 36.5 Inches
25-Feb 37.5 Inches
3-Mar 25.0 Inches
9-Mar 28.0 Inches
15-Mar 33.0 Inches
18-Mar 33.5 Inches
22-Mar 34.5 Inches
25-Mar 34.7 Inches
29-Mar 35.0 Inches
1-Apr 35.5 Inches
2003 Nenana Ice Classic
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March 10, 2009 4:48 pm

Backing Smokey backing Peter Hartley
Don’t forget the late (and missed) John Daly’s comment on this event:
http://www.john-daly.com/nenana.htm

John Daly noticed a significant increase in snowfall over the time of the Nenana Ice Classic, as well as the UHI effect. Snow would tend to destabilize the ice causing dynamic breakup. Daly noted gross cherrypicking of dates for the 2001 paper “Climate Change in Non-traditional Data Sets” plus its publication date timed for a climate conference. A whole catalogue of bad science.

David Jones
March 10, 2009 5:05 pm

Roger Sowell,
Loads have got heavier as trucks got more powerful. I have seen loads moved that would never be allowed in the lower 48, loads that had one semi in front and 2 in back pushing.
As far as the Ice Classic goes if we had a lot of snow I bet early, light snow I bet late, runoff breaks the ice up in my opinion.

Don S
March 10, 2009 6:15 pm

OT anybody following the Catlin Arctic Survey? http://www.catlinarcticsurvey.com
These people are pretty amusing. My niece makes better preparations for going to the mall than they did before attempting to walk to the north pole. Sure hope nobody gets hurt and they achieve all their objectives, which seem to primarily be finding ways to make climate models appear to be accurate.

savethesharks
March 10, 2009 6:18 pm

TonyB
“Where on earth did this come from? Have you got a reference? Are you talking about 2009? I am looking at CET now and that statement is not remotely true.”
I STAND CORRECTED TONYB. (HA HA HA HA toward me then!)
I was paging through all the threads pretty quickly. The first thing I clicked on on THIS thread was the very first three words were the Wall Street Journal and I guess I was not paying attention not noticing that was NOT the main article.
You are correct the WSJ article referenced was 2008. (LOL)
I get bored at work and multitask sometimes and sometimes I speed through things too fast.
But at least I did not mistake October’s global temperature data with Septembers’. (Ha Ha again).
Thanks for pointing that out.
Chris
Norfolk, VA

March 10, 2009 6:42 pm

savethesharks (14:04:24) :
Some have reported that the solar activity of the past 75 years is its greatest it has been in the past 10,000 years, and thus, that there shows a good correlation as to why all of the warming trends over the same period.
As we have been over many a time, there are good reasons to believe that this is not the case. e.g. http://www.leif.org/research/Napa%20Solar%20Cycle%2024.pdf

savethesharks
March 10, 2009 7:06 pm

Thanks as always, Dr. S. for the counterbalancing information.
The quote came from http://www.ilovemycarbondioxide.com/pdf/Willie_Soon-Its_the_Sun_Stupid.pdf
Anyway….keep up the good work

AnonyMoose
March 10, 2009 7:35 pm

Don S: I think that Arctic expedition was mentioned here. Apparently the most important part of a modern global warming expedition is a blog. They’re using a satellite phone for public events, while “navigation is being conducted by means of more traditional methods, relying on the position of the sun and wind direction.” Yeah, sure this is a scientific expedition. Scientists would be using GPS for navigation and precise sample measurement. Indeed, there is mention of a GPS beacon which the base can access, but not a navigational device.

Shawn Whelan
March 10, 2009 8:46 pm

Catlin Arctic Survey
Total distance travelled
28.89 km
Average daily distance
2.9 km
Estimated distance to North Pole
925.63 km
Time on Arctic Ocean
10 days
So in another 300 days they will be there. Back in the 1800’s and the first half of the 20th century the explorers thought nothing of walking hundreds of miles through the Arctic Winter.

Antonio San
March 10, 2009 9:30 pm

Yes indeed Anthony…

AndyW
March 10, 2009 10:14 pm

It’s interesting to note that for total ice extent in the arctic measured on the JAXA graph 2008 matched 2004 until recently, but from that river the ice thickness is 40-50% more in 2009. Which goes to show I guess how a localised measurement is not a good proxy for climate change in the 20th Century.
Regards
Andy

Oliver Ramsay
March 10, 2009 11:02 pm

George said:
So I gather that Alaska has some sort of gravity shielding dome over it that prohibits tidal forces from operating in the State ? That’s a pretty cool trick if you can pull it off.
Here in California, we have lots of places that aren’t near any coast; but they still get their fair share of earthquakes that get triggered during the proper tidal phases. And they pretty much come on schedule just when that USGS outcast Jim Berquist (I think that’s his name) says they will.
Maybe California should ask Obama for a gravity shield too.”
George, your faith in the man is astonishing! But you could give it a shot; he should have time to look into it pretty soon.
Would you actually want one?
I think the problem with the tidal method of moving ice in northern rivers would be an inadequacy of “proper tidal phases” to provide a break-up phenomonen for each of hundreds of tributaries and main courses, and all at somewhat different times. Then, of course, there are the lakes that would require a hell of a surge, maybe a couple of weeks later. But then, if you’ve got that schedule you were talking about, you could clean up on all the little lotteries from Whitehorse to Marshall. You’d have to get Sarah to reinstate gravity. Come to think of it, she must have started on that already as the snow-melt seems to consistently flow down into the rivers, some years earlier than others.

March 11, 2009 12:51 am

Don S
The catlin survey is being run by a nearish neigbour of mine. They have carried out enormous preparations and the expertise of Pen Hadow the leader stands scrutiny against the bext arctic exploers in the world.
Their progress is very slow partly because they are pulling a heavy sledge with a radar that measures the thikness of the ice and they are drilling holes.
I seriously doubt the scientific purpose of the expedition however-Pen just wanted to be out in the snow-the sponsors have another agenda.
Measuring the thickness of the ice in a straight line 700 miles long just gives a reference point over a very small area for one date and means nothing unless it is repeated for many years.
The satellite measurements of ice area since 1978 don’t reflect the conditions before that and I think the danger is that people will read too much into the data collected.
This entry from the expeditions diary amused me
“Tuesday, 10th March 2009
Due to intense and fierce weather today, the team has decided to remain at camp.”
Tonyb

March 11, 2009 7:29 am

Tonyb, Shawn, Don
It reminds me a bit of the Lewis Pugh expedition last summer. Remember that? He was going to Kayak to the N pole to raise awareness about how the Arctic ice had all melted. Except that he got stuck in the ice having only got 1/10 of the way there 🙂
Of course this fact was never reported in the media, though his enthusiastic start was.

March 11, 2009 11:01 am

PaulM
Yes, that analogy did cross my mind!
No doubt the reason for the publicity tap being turned on and off at will was the involvement of Richard Bransons son on the Kayak expedition.
TonyB

Don S
March 11, 2009 12:33 pm

TonyB,Shawn,AnonyMouse:
My mind presented analogies to Shackelton and Scott when I first read the communications from the Catlin team, as it did last year when the abortive kayak trip took place. TonyB, I concur completely that no actual science is likely to be accomplished on this venture. Pen Hadow is the sole redeeming factor on the expediton, but I wouldn’t go elk hunting involving a six mile walk in the Montana snow with a flask I couldn’t open with my gloves on. Nor would I take gear I had to sleep with in order to keep it functional.

George E. Smith
March 11, 2009 2:04 pm

“”” Oliver Ramsay (23:02:27) :
George said:
So I gather that Alaska has some sort of gravity shielding dome over it that prohibits tidal forces from operating in the State ? That’s a pretty cool trick if you can pull it off. “””
Well Oliver, I suppose you did catch that note that someone posted, that we did in fact have a few small shakers in the State of California in the last few days, and on the way home that night, I noted the rising full moon, and I just griinnned; and whispered to myself in the car; “Have a beer on me Jim Berquist !”. “You called another one right on schedule.”
The tidal bore effect is quite apparent for the break up of the Larsen-B ice shelf; but less so for the Tanana River ice. Yes there may not be a water surge to assist; but there still does have to be a tidal bowing of the ice which will influence breakup, if you get new/full moons close to the breakup time.
But I thought the note relating to water levels in the river, was most applicable to the situation.
George

Oliver Ramsay
March 11, 2009 6:19 pm

George,
I spent the winter of 1978 camped on the Klondike, chopping holes in the ice for drinking water. By the time spring came, I was hauling water from the far side of the river because I was hitting gravel on my side at a depth of about four feet. The outside bow of the river was deeper because the water runs faster.
A couple of years prior to that I had been the first of the year to put my boat in the Yukon at the abandoned settlement of Minto. I’d been camped on the bank for about 3 days waiting for the ice to go out. There were a few others camped there at the time, waiting to do the wilderness paddle down to Dawson 200 miles away. We knew the river was going to open because it was Spring and the snow had been melting. Snow melts, swells river under ice, ice breaks and is carried downstream, piling up in noisy, enormous jams that are terrifying to approach in a canoe.
It would take more than one beer to convince me that the moon has any more to do with break-up than it does with germination of radish seeds.
I’m sure you’ve seen Mike Monce’s elegant handling of gravity on the “Heavy” thread.
As for LarsenB, of course, that makes sense. In the arctic, even more so, perhaps.

Shawn Whelan
March 12, 2009 5:24 am

The English would pull sleds around the Arctic for hundreds of miles back in the 1850’s while looking for Franklin. They mapped at thesame time. Amundsen was a lot smarter and used dogsleds. They would build a small igloo in to sleep at night.

Shawn Whelan
March 12, 2009 5:28 am

Catlin Arctic Survey
Total distance travelled
28.89 km
Average daily distance
2.9 km
Estimated distance to North Pole
925.63 km
Time on Arctic Ocean
10 days
Now they seem to be going backwards.
Total distance travelled
26.67 km
Average daily distance
2.42 km
Estimated distance to North Pole
927.85 km
Time on Arctic Ocean
11 days

April 3, 2009 9:10 am

The earth is some four and a half BILLION years old. To try and interpret weather history or make a forecast by looking at the period form 1917 to now (or even going back to the 1700s), hardly a dot in geological time, is superfluous. Ice ages have come and gone and the earth will go on warming and cooling as it has done before man was here and it will continue after we are gone.
I do have a couple guesses in the Nenana Ice Classic and I’ll let you know if I win.

George Patch
May 1, 2009 10:20 am

Looks like it is getting close to breaking up. They are predicting this weekend as local conditions have been in the upper 70s recently.

rtw
May 2, 2009 9:51 am

May 1, 2009, 8:41 pm.